Council Tax Debts become Unenforceable Overnight..!
Christmas seems to have Come Early… 🎄🎅 🎁
Recently, there was a court case by Wayne Leighton and Bristol & Sutor, a bailiff company acting on behalf of North Somerset Council, over a council tax debt of £1,200 that was ruled on December 21st 2023.
This case was about council tax debt enforcement…
Typically, when people do not pay their council tax, the council can obtain a court order called a "liability order" to allow bailiffs (enforcement agents) to seize possessions to pay the debt…
Bailiffs must follow certain rules under the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 when doing this…
The Judge in the ‘Leighton’ case at the County Court at Bristol ruled that the document shown by the bailiffs to Mr Leighton was illegal..!
The document only showed instructions from the council to collect the debt. It did not show the liability order from the court allowing them to seize goods, as required by law…
Because of this ‘illegal’ document…
The judge awarded Mr Leighton £4,000 💷 💰 in damages for trespass, assault and false imprisonment, as well as interest and legal costs…
The Judge also declared that the liability order was invalid and quashed it…!!!
The case has been widely reported in the media and online as a landmark ruling that could affect millions of people who owe council tax debts and face bailiff action…
This now sets a ‘legal precedent’…and now means that anyone can use this ‘Case Law’ to stop bailiffs at their door ✋ 🛑 and/or even sue for damages… if the bailiffs do not show the correct paperwork with the liability order…
Normally the liability order would be a written document signed by a judge… 📝
However, courts have moved away from this, tried and lawful method in recent times, allowing oral pronouncements instead, making it harder for bailiff’s/defendants… to get written proof an order exists…
This causes problems for bailiffs trying to show proper paperwork…
The law says bailiffs must provide paperwork in advance before seizing goods…
So anyone can now put Bailiffs and Councils on ‘Notice’ 📝 about the new ruling, preventing them from even visiting…
Additionally, the Judge did not allow harassment damages because bailiffs have some right to "harass" people as part of their job duties while acting legally…
However, without proper paperwork, bailiffs lose their defence against harassment claims…
This potentially makes illegal visits… a criminal offence ⛓ of harassment…!!!
Bullet Point Summary:
- Recent court case (Leighton vs Bristol & Sutor) changes council tax enforcement rules
- Judge ruled bailiffs showed illegal paperwork to defendant
- Defendant awarded £4000 + interest/costs in damages
- Ruling means anyone can sue bailiffs for similar illegal paperwork
- Courts made it harder for defendants to get liability order proof
- So bailiffs now have trouble proving they can seize goods
- People can put councils/bailiffs on notice to prevent visits
- Visits without complete paperwork open bailiffs up to criminal harassment charges…
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2007/15/schedule/12
(1) How Long Can You Be Chased for a Council Tax Debt? - MoneyNerd. https://moneynerd.co.uk/how-long-can-chased-council-tax-debt/.
Bailiffs Council Tax older than 6 years - Dealing with Bailiffs. https://www.dealingwithbailiffs.co.uk/CouncilTaxNDRMoreThan6YearsOld.htm
Christmas seems to have Come Early… 🎄🎅 🎁
Recently, there was a court case by Wayne Leighton and Bristol & Sutor, a bailiff company acting on behalf of North Somerset Council, over a council tax debt of £1,200 that was ruled on December 21st 2023.
This case was about council tax debt enforcement…
Typically, when people do not pay their council tax, the council can obtain a court order called a "liability order" to allow bailiffs (enforcement agents) to seize possessions to pay the debt…
Bailiffs must follow certain rules under the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 when doing this…
The Judge in the ‘Leighton’ case at the County Court at Bristol ruled that the document shown by the bailiffs to Mr Leighton was illegal..!
The document only showed instructions from the council to collect the debt. It did not show the liability order from the court allowing them to seize goods, as required by law…
Because of this ‘illegal’ document…
The judge awarded Mr Leighton £4,000 💷 💰 in damages for trespass, assault and false imprisonment, as well as interest and legal costs…
The Judge also declared that the liability order was invalid and quashed it…!!!
The case has been widely reported in the media and online as a landmark ruling that could affect millions of people who owe council tax debts and face bailiff action…
This now sets a ‘legal precedent’…and now means that anyone can use this ‘Case Law’ to stop bailiffs at their door ✋ 🛑 and/or even sue for damages… if the bailiffs do not show the correct paperwork with the liability order…
Normally the liability order would be a written document signed by a judge… 📝
However, courts have moved away from this, tried and lawful method in recent times, allowing oral pronouncements instead, making it harder for bailiff’s/defendants… to get written proof an order exists…
This causes problems for bailiffs trying to show proper paperwork…
The law says bailiffs must provide paperwork in advance before seizing goods…
So anyone can now put Bailiffs and Councils on ‘Notice’ 📝 about the new ruling, preventing them from even visiting…
Additionally, the Judge did not allow harassment damages because bailiffs have some right to "harass" people as part of their job duties while acting legally…
However, without proper paperwork, bailiffs lose their defence against harassment claims…
This potentially makes illegal visits… a criminal offence ⛓ of harassment…!!!
Bullet Point Summary:
- Recent court case (Leighton vs Bristol & Sutor) changes council tax enforcement rules
- Judge ruled bailiffs showed illegal paperwork to defendant
- Defendant awarded £4000 + interest/costs in damages
- Ruling means anyone can sue bailiffs for similar illegal paperwork
- Courts made it harder for defendants to get liability order proof
- So bailiffs now have trouble proving they can seize goods
- People can put councils/bailiffs on notice to prevent visits
- Visits without complete paperwork open bailiffs up to criminal harassment charges…
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2007/15/schedule/12
(1) How Long Can You Be Chased for a Council Tax Debt? - MoneyNerd. https://moneynerd.co.uk/how-long-can-chased-council-tax-debt/.
Bailiffs Council Tax older than 6 years - Dealing with Bailiffs. https://www.dealingwithbailiffs.co.uk/CouncilTaxNDRMoreThan6YearsOld.htm
www.legislation.gov.uk
Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007
An Act to make provision about tribunals and inquiries; to establish an Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council; to amend the law relating to judicial appointments and appointments to the Law Commission; to amend the law relating to the enforcement of…
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Leighton v Bristow & Sutor Cardiff High Court Judgment.pdf
184.7 KB
These are the details of the High Court Judgement… (above)… ☝🏼
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Leighton v Chief Constable of North Yorkshire Police.pdf
391.7 KB
Attached is a ‘Case Law’ judgment to use against any ‘Roadside Pirate’s 🏴☠️ 👮♂️ attempting to unlawfully detain a driver under the Road Traffic Act 1988.
All too often, barristers who know these powers do not exist. Still use them, to try and convince judges, to rule in their favour, as the barrister acting for and on behalf of the police attempted to do so in this case.
So just in case, the Pink Belt Barrister attempts to say that, because this judgment was in the County Court, it is not binding.
It is important to note, why such a statement is not accurate!
Her Honour Judge Belcher did not create New Law.
What she did do however, was confirm that whilst ‘Section 159 of the Road Traffic Act 1959’ has been repealed by ‘Section 163 of the Road Traffic Act 1988’.
The Common Law position has not changed.
The Common Law position being. that there are no powers under ‘Section 163 of the Road Traffic Act 1988’ to detain a driver!
So whilst a County Court judgment is not binding, her Honour Judge Belcher’s: ‘ratio decidendi’ ~ ‘Rule of Law’ is binding!
So if you, or someone close to you, has been detained under the “Road Traffic Act” as unfortunately still frequently happens.
You can use this judgment as your aid to sue the Police for False Imprisonment.
Indeed, this now suggests that the courts take the view that any Barristers/lawyers/solicitor’s attempting to use so called alleged ‘detention powers’ under ‘Section 163 of the Road Traffic Act 1988’ on behalf of the police as a defence, is so hopeless, that it should be struck out and judgment awarded without even having to go to trial!
This is ‘Case Law’ which is invaluable!
However; I feel it’s important to mention, that we all must read through these posts in particular the attached PDF’s and in particular this judgement to get a better comprehension of exactly what is said within.
To often we take for granted what others say (hearsay) as truth, without checking and corroborating the facts for ourselves…!
All too often, barristers who know these powers do not exist. Still use them, to try and convince judges, to rule in their favour, as the barrister acting for and on behalf of the police attempted to do so in this case.
So just in case, the Pink Belt Barrister attempts to say that, because this judgment was in the County Court, it is not binding.
It is important to note, why such a statement is not accurate!
Her Honour Judge Belcher did not create New Law.
What she did do however, was confirm that whilst ‘Section 159 of the Road Traffic Act 1959’ has been repealed by ‘Section 163 of the Road Traffic Act 1988’.
The Common Law position has not changed.
The Common Law position being. that there are no powers under ‘Section 163 of the Road Traffic Act 1988’ to detain a driver!
So whilst a County Court judgment is not binding, her Honour Judge Belcher’s: ‘ratio decidendi’ ~ ‘Rule of Law’ is binding!
So if you, or someone close to you, has been detained under the “Road Traffic Act” as unfortunately still frequently happens.
You can use this judgment as your aid to sue the Police for False Imprisonment.
Indeed, this now suggests that the courts take the view that any Barristers/lawyers/solicitor’s attempting to use so called alleged ‘detention powers’ under ‘Section 163 of the Road Traffic Act 1988’ on behalf of the police as a defence, is so hopeless, that it should be struck out and judgment awarded without even having to go to trial!
This is ‘Case Law’ which is invaluable!
However; I feel it’s important to mention, that we all must read through these posts in particular the attached PDF’s and in particular this judgement to get a better comprehension of exactly what is said within.
To often we take for granted what others say (hearsay) as truth, without checking and corroborating the facts for ourselves…!
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Common Law & Lawful Rebellion
“AI” ~ Artificial Intelligence… Many are aware of the potential misuse of AI and the consequences mankind may face should AI go rogue… However; that said AI has some phenomenal fringe benefits, that can be mind blowing and extremely helpful, if the use…
When Claude was asked how it could improve this ‘Notice of Conditional Acceptance’…
This is the reply…
What specific details about the circumstances surrounding the event of being issued a ‘Fixed Penalty Notice’ would you need in order to accomplish generating a comprehensive ‘Notice of Conditional Acceptance’..?
Here are some key details needed to generate a comprehensive lawful Notice of Conditional Acceptance in response to a Fixed Penalty Notice:
- The full name and identifying details of the recipient (your name, address etc.)
- The exact date the Fixed Penalty Notice was issued and details of how it was delivered (mail, in person etc.)
- Name of the agency/organisation that issued the notice
- Name the living man or woman acting in the capacity of Cuntstable and or officer 👮♀️ and or agent who issued the notice.
- The alleged statutory violation or offense for which the notice was issued.
- Location, date and time when the alleged violation occurred.
- Specific statutes/laws claimed to have been violated
- Details of any events or communications prior to issuance of the notice
- The amount of the penalty or fine imposed
- Due date for payment if specified
- Copies of any documentation, evidence, or supporting materials from the issuing agency
- The desired remedies being sought (e.g. dismissal of notice, proof of claim, further information etc.)
- Details of any applicable procedures, regulations, or laws that have not been properly followed
- The governing jurisdiction/law you are operating under
- Any mitigating circumstances or additional context about the alleged violation
- Your reservation of rights and non-consent to any unrevealed claims
With these details of the specific situation provided, I could then research the relevant laws and craft a Notice of Conditional Acceptance that conditionally accepts the notice pending proof of claim and validation of any defects. The more case-specific details you can provide, the better I can tailor the notice to the particular circumstances at hand.
Assuming you had all the relevant information. Please generate a comprehensive outline of Notice of Conditional Acceptance.
Here is an outline for a comprehensive Notice of Conditional Acceptance based on the details provided:
I. Introduction
A. Date notice sent.
B. Identifying information of sender (name, address).
C. Name and address of party notice is directed to.
D. Description and date of Fixed Penalty Notice being responded to
II. Notice of Conditional Acceptance.
A. State that the FPN is conditionally accepted upon proof of claim.
B. Specify the conditions that need to fulfilled for acceptance:
1. Provide verification of the law or statute violated.
2. Validate authority and jurisdiction to issue notice.
3. Provide proof of delegation of authority to impose fees.
4. Verify proper procedures were followed.
5. Substantiate any claims made in the FPN.
6. Validate signatures and documentation.
7. Offer the required legal proofs, exhibits, evidence as applicable.
III. Request for Additional Information.
A. Request full accounting and documentation related to any claims.
B. Require response by a specific date (e.g. 28 days)
IV. Reservation of Rights. Quote the Bill of Rights and the Magna Carta. “No fine nor forfeiture before conviction by a trial by jury of your peer’s…”
A. Do not consent to any unrevealed claims or fees.
B. Reservation of all rights and defenses without prejudice
V. Notice of Default & Opportunity to Cure.
A. Outline any perceived faults, defects, omissions, or failures regarding the FPN (e.g. insufficient evidence provided, improper procedure followed, lack of jurisdiction).
B. Offer a reasonable timeframe (30 days) for the defects to be cured before further action is taken.
VI. Conclusion
A. Summarize basis for conditional acceptance subject to validation and verification
B. Statement that non-response will constitute agreement and a waiver of any claims.
C. Signed notice with contact information and date.
https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-2
This is the reply…
What specific details about the circumstances surrounding the event of being issued a ‘Fixed Penalty Notice’ would you need in order to accomplish generating a comprehensive ‘Notice of Conditional Acceptance’..?
Here are some key details needed to generate a comprehensive lawful Notice of Conditional Acceptance in response to a Fixed Penalty Notice:
- The full name and identifying details of the recipient (your name, address etc.)
- The exact date the Fixed Penalty Notice was issued and details of how it was delivered (mail, in person etc.)
- Name of the agency/organisation that issued the notice
- Name the living man or woman acting in the capacity of Cuntstable and or officer 👮♀️ and or agent who issued the notice.
- The alleged statutory violation or offense for which the notice was issued.
- Location, date and time when the alleged violation occurred.
- Specific statutes/laws claimed to have been violated
- Details of any events or communications prior to issuance of the notice
- The amount of the penalty or fine imposed
- Due date for payment if specified
- Copies of any documentation, evidence, or supporting materials from the issuing agency
- The desired remedies being sought (e.g. dismissal of notice, proof of claim, further information etc.)
- Details of any applicable procedures, regulations, or laws that have not been properly followed
- The governing jurisdiction/law you are operating under
- Any mitigating circumstances or additional context about the alleged violation
- Your reservation of rights and non-consent to any unrevealed claims
With these details of the specific situation provided, I could then research the relevant laws and craft a Notice of Conditional Acceptance that conditionally accepts the notice pending proof of claim and validation of any defects. The more case-specific details you can provide, the better I can tailor the notice to the particular circumstances at hand.
Assuming you had all the relevant information. Please generate a comprehensive outline of Notice of Conditional Acceptance.
Here is an outline for a comprehensive Notice of Conditional Acceptance based on the details provided:
I. Introduction
A. Date notice sent.
B. Identifying information of sender (name, address).
C. Name and address of party notice is directed to.
D. Description and date of Fixed Penalty Notice being responded to
II. Notice of Conditional Acceptance.
A. State that the FPN is conditionally accepted upon proof of claim.
B. Specify the conditions that need to fulfilled for acceptance:
1. Provide verification of the law or statute violated.
2. Validate authority and jurisdiction to issue notice.
3. Provide proof of delegation of authority to impose fees.
4. Verify proper procedures were followed.
5. Substantiate any claims made in the FPN.
6. Validate signatures and documentation.
7. Offer the required legal proofs, exhibits, evidence as applicable.
III. Request for Additional Information.
A. Request full accounting and documentation related to any claims.
B. Require response by a specific date (e.g. 28 days)
IV. Reservation of Rights. Quote the Bill of Rights and the Magna Carta. “No fine nor forfeiture before conviction by a trial by jury of your peer’s…”
A. Do not consent to any unrevealed claims or fees.
B. Reservation of all rights and defenses without prejudice
V. Notice of Default & Opportunity to Cure.
A. Outline any perceived faults, defects, omissions, or failures regarding the FPN (e.g. insufficient evidence provided, improper procedure followed, lack of jurisdiction).
B. Offer a reasonable timeframe (30 days) for the defects to be cured before further action is taken.
VI. Conclusion
A. Summarize basis for conditional acceptance subject to validation and verification
B. Statement that non-response will constitute agreement and a waiver of any claims.
C. Signed notice with contact information and date.
https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-2
Anthropic
Claude 2
Claude 2 brings improved performance, a 100K token context window, and 2x better harmlessness, available via API and the claude.ai beta.
Prompt E Book.pdf
2 MB
A big shout out and Credit to Robert… of TOD ~ ‘The Observation Deck’… for the production of this free Prompt E Book.
The quality of the replies from AI depend on what you put in…
Good information in… great information out..!
The quality of the replies from AI depend on what you put in…
Good information in… great information out..!
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Chat GPT - Open Source (free to use).
https://chat.openai.com/auth/login?next=%2Fc%2F8219b3e5-fa82-434e-922a-b7b7da61cdac
https://chat.openai.com/auth/login?next=%2Fc%2F8219b3e5-fa82-434e-922a-b7b7da61cdac
Chatgpt
Log in or sign up to ChatGPT
When to Use ChatGPT.pdf
510.7 KB
When to use Chat~ GPT4
Template for Setting Clear Guidelines.pdf
82.2 KB
Template for Setting Clear Guide lines
AI-Generated Content Refinement Checklist.pdf
98 KB
AI Generated Content Refinement Checklist
Ultimate Checklist for Adopting AI @ Work.pdf
145.8 KB
Ultimate Checklist for Adopting AI at Work
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For those who are not familiar yet with the capabilities of Generative AI…
Matt Wolf 🐺 gives a thorough run down on what AI is currently capable of and where it’s heading in the future.
A relatively short 30 min video, well worth watching and well worth subscribing to his YouTube Channel for updates on the world of AI.
He also produces a weekly news letter, also well worth subscribing too.
Editors ✍🏼 Note 📝
We should be aware of the fabulous advantages that AI can help common man or woman, but we must also be aware and keep in the forefront of our minds of the potential pit falls of AI.
And that it could be used for nefarious reasons by those who mean to do mankind harm.
So for now, let us use it wisely and use what advantages we can gain, and use this tech against the narcissistic, parasitic, lower than pond life, scum sucking, bottom feeding controllers of this world and take back this planet that belongs to every man & women and offspring..!
Not to just a so called privileged few who think they’re gods on earth..
https://youtu.be/mfEj7BsWR7A?si=qE4HlIy60Ql9Iux3
Matt Wolf 🐺 gives a thorough run down on what AI is currently capable of and where it’s heading in the future.
A relatively short 30 min video, well worth watching and well worth subscribing to his YouTube Channel for updates on the world of AI.
He also produces a weekly news letter, also well worth subscribing too.
Editors ✍🏼 Note 📝
We should be aware of the fabulous advantages that AI can help common man or woman, but we must also be aware and keep in the forefront of our minds of the potential pit falls of AI.
And that it could be used for nefarious reasons by those who mean to do mankind harm.
So for now, let us use it wisely and use what advantages we can gain, and use this tech against the narcissistic, parasitic, lower than pond life, scum sucking, bottom feeding controllers of this world and take back this planet that belongs to every man & women and offspring..!
Not to just a so called privileged few who think they’re gods on earth..
https://youtu.be/mfEj7BsWR7A?si=qE4HlIy60Ql9Iux3
YouTube
Another MASSIVE Week in AI News (What's Going on?!)
Here's all the AI news you missed from this past week. Grab HubSpot's ChatGPT Bundle here: https://clickhubspot.com/7nn
Discover More From Me:
🛠️ Explore hundreds of AI Tools: https://futuretools.io/
📰 Weekly Newsletter: https://www.futuretools.io/newsletter…
Discover More From Me:
🛠️ Explore hundreds of AI Tools: https://futuretools.io/
📰 Weekly Newsletter: https://www.futuretools.io/newsletter…
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Common Law v Admiralty Law, People v Persons.pdf
52.4 KB
Common Law v Admiralty Law ~ People v Persons.
Common_Law_Handbook_for_Jurors,_Sheriffs,_Bailiff’s_&_Justice’s.pdf
969.2 KB
“Common Law Handbook for Jurors, Sheriffs,
Bailiff’s & Justice’s”…
“Common law is Common sense”…
…The question each jurist must ask themselves is…
“Is there an injured party…???”
There is a Common Law principle which states… that for there to be a crime…
There must first be a victim… (corpus delecti), the state cannot be the injured party…
In the absence of a victim there can be no crime..!
This is what the grand jurist must discover…
“The constitutions of most of our states assert that all power is inherent in the people; that they may exercise it by themselves, in all cases to which they think themselves competent, (as in electing their functionaries executive and legislative, and deciding by a jury of themselves, both fact and law, in all judiciary cases in which any fact is involved) or they may ask by representatives, freely and equally chosen; that it is their right and duty to be at all times armed; to freedom of person; freedom of religion; freedom of property; & freedom of the press.” -- Thomas Jefferson, letter to John Cartwright; June 5, 1824; “The Thomas Jefferson Papers,” Library of Congress
Bailiff’s & Justice’s”…
“Common law is Common sense”…
…The question each jurist must ask themselves is…
“Is there an injured party…???”
There is a Common Law principle which states… that for there to be a crime…
There must first be a victim… (corpus delecti), the state cannot be the injured party…
In the absence of a victim there can be no crime..!
This is what the grand jurist must discover…
“The constitutions of most of our states assert that all power is inherent in the people; that they may exercise it by themselves, in all cases to which they think themselves competent, (as in electing their functionaries executive and legislative, and deciding by a jury of themselves, both fact and law, in all judiciary cases in which any fact is involved) or they may ask by representatives, freely and equally chosen; that it is their right and duty to be at all times armed; to freedom of person; freedom of religion; freedom of property; & freedom of the press.” -- Thomas Jefferson, letter to John Cartwright; June 5, 1824; “The Thomas Jefferson Papers,” Library of Congress
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Meet Your Strawman.pdf
76.8 MB
“Meet Your Strawman and Whatever You Wanted to Know”… By: David E Robinson.
“Happy is the man that findeth wisdom, and the man that getteth understanding.” ~ Pro. 3:13
“Happy is the man that findeth wisdom, and the man that getteth understanding.” ~ Pro. 3:13
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Original StrawMan Trust.pdf
92.5 KB
The original STRAWMAN Trust.
Your Mother was the Exchanger / Trustor / Settlor…
Your Mother was the Exchanger / Trustor / Settlor…
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file.pdf
61.8 KB
‘Clearfield Doctrine’
The Clearfield Doctrine (which Larry probably can't find, either) arises from a 1943 Supreme Court Case, Clearfield Trust Co. v. United States, 318 US 363-371.
The essence of the case is that when an incorporated government uses private bank script as its currency it sinks to the level of any other incorporated entity, loses its sovereign status (if it ever had any) and becomes subject to the same laws as any other corporation.
The Clearfield Doctrine strips these pretenders of their "government" cloak and when they attempt to use the abusive powers of government to enrich themselves, it's time to remind them of exactly who and what they are.
This can be used against them in any number of contexts.
They claim to have a commercial interest in your marriage and children? Prove it..!
They claim to have a commercial interest in your home and land..? Prove it..!
They claim to have a commercial interest in your estate..? Prove it..!
They have a right to tax you for anything..? Income..? Property..? Prove it..!
“ei incumbit probatio qui dicit, non qui negat” ~ “The burden of the proof lies upon him who affirms, not he who denies”. Dig. 22, 3, 2; Tait on Ev. 1; 1 Phil. Ev. 194; 1 Green l. Ev. 74; 3 Louis. R. 83; 2 Dan. Pr. 408; 4 Bouv Inst. n. 4411
“Thou shalt not bear false witness: thou shalt not speak falsely before the King, nor before the Judge, nor in the assembly of the Princes, nor in the presence of the Ruler, nor unto the Minister of the Law, nor among the multitude; nor in the ear of thy friend, nor to thy wife, nor thy child, nor thy servant: neither shalt thou withhold the truth from the King, nor the Judge, nor him that is set in authority: for thus shall righteousness be established in all thy borders.”
The Clearfield Doctrine (which Larry probably can't find, either) arises from a 1943 Supreme Court Case, Clearfield Trust Co. v. United States, 318 US 363-371.
The essence of the case is that when an incorporated government uses private bank script as its currency it sinks to the level of any other incorporated entity, loses its sovereign status (if it ever had any) and becomes subject to the same laws as any other corporation.
The Clearfield Doctrine strips these pretenders of their "government" cloak and when they attempt to use the abusive powers of government to enrich themselves, it's time to remind them of exactly who and what they are.
This can be used against them in any number of contexts.
They claim to have a commercial interest in your marriage and children? Prove it..!
They claim to have a commercial interest in your home and land..? Prove it..!
They claim to have a commercial interest in your estate..? Prove it..!
They have a right to tax you for anything..? Income..? Property..? Prove it..!
“ei incumbit probatio qui dicit, non qui negat” ~ “The burden of the proof lies upon him who affirms, not he who denies”. Dig. 22, 3, 2; Tait on Ev. 1; 1 Phil. Ev. 194; 1 Green l. Ev. 74; 3 Louis. R. 83; 2 Dan. Pr. 408; 4 Bouv Inst. n. 4411
“Thou shalt not bear false witness: thou shalt not speak falsely before the King, nor before the Judge, nor in the assembly of the Princes, nor in the presence of the Ruler, nor unto the Minister of the Law, nor among the multitude; nor in the ear of thy friend, nor to thy wife, nor thy child, nor thy servant: neither shalt thou withhold the truth from the King, nor the Judge, nor him that is set in authority: for thus shall righteousness be established in all thy borders.”
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