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👉MONOLOTIC CONCRETE POURING [PART-1]

💫In a "monolithic concrete" approach, the 1st floor columns and the 1st+1 floor beam and slab are poured simultaneously as a single, cohesive unit, creating a strong and integrated structure. 

📜Here's a more detailed explanation: 

🎲What is a Monolithic Pour?

⏺"Monolithic" in this context means "all in one pour," where the concrete for the columns and the slab is poured together, forming a single, continuous structure.
⏺This method is also sometimes referred to as a "simultaneous pour".

⭐️Benefits of Monolithic Construction:

❇️Faster construction: 
Poured as a single unit, monolithic construction can significantly reduce construction time compared to separate pours.

❇️Stronger structure: 
The integrated nature of the columns and slab creates a more robust and stable structure.

❇️Reduced labor costs: 
The simplified process can lead to lower labor costs.

🏷How it's done?

🚧Site Preparation: 
The ground needs to be properly compacted and free of organic matter, and the soil needs to be well-drained.

🚧Formwork: 
Formwork (the molds that hold the concrete in place) needs to be carefully constructed to ensure the correct shape and dimensions of the columns and slab.

🚧Reinforcement: 
Steel reinforcement (rebar) is placed within the formwork to provide tensile strength to the concrete.

🚧Concrete Pour: 
The concrete is poured into the formwork in a single, continuous process.

🚧Curing: 
The concrete is then allowed to cure properly, typically by keeping it moist for a certain period.

@etconp

👉MONOLOTIC CONCRETE POURING [PART-2]

💫Types of Monolithic Structures:

⭐️Monolithic Slab Foundations: 
These are common for houses and other buildings, where the foundation and the first floor slab are poured together.

⭐️Monolithic Slabs with Beams and Columns: 
In some cases, beams and columns can also be poured monolithically with the slab, creating a more complex and integrated structure.

📜PROBLEMS IN MONOLOTIC CASTING:

⏺When casting 1st floor columns and the 1st+1 floor beam and slab monolithically (as a single piece), potential problems include differential shrinkage and stress concentration at the column-slab interface, requiring careful design and construction practices to mitigate these issues. 

🏷Here's a more detailed explanation:

🎲1. Differential Shrinkage:

⏹Moisture Loss:
Concrete shrinks as it dries out, and the bottom concrete, enclosed by soil and moisture barriers, cures more slowly than the top concrete.

⏹Reinforcement:
Reinforcement, if placed in the bottom of the slab, further restricts the bottom concrete from shrinking.

⏹Cracking:
The top concrete shrinks more and faster than the bottom, leading to cracking at the column-slab interface. 

🎲2. Stress Concentration:

⏹Interface: 
The point where the slab and column meet experiences high stresses.

⏹Deflection: 
If the slab deflects, the bottom surface at mid-span might contact the beam's top flange, further concentrating stress. 

🎲3. Mitigating the Problems:

📍Design Considerations:

⏺Reinforcement: 
Carefully design the reinforcement to accommodate shrinkage stresses and ensure adequate strength at the column-slab interface. 

⏺Joints: 
Consider using control joints or expansion joints to manage shrinkage and prevent excessive cracking. 

⏺Curing: 
Proper curing techniques, such as maintaining moisture, can help reduce shrinkage. 

📍Construction Practices:

⏺Cast Separately: 
In some cases, it might be preferable to cast the columns and slab separately, allowing for independent movement and reducing stress concentration. 

⏺Formwork: 
Use proper formwork to ensure accurate placement of the reinforcement and concrete. 

⏺Construction Sequence: 
Ensure that the columns are fully cured before casting the slab to minimize shrinkage effects. 

❇️Other Considerations

🔰Slab Thickness: 
Ensure the slab thickness is adequate for the intended load and span. 

🔰Reinforcement Placement: 
Properly place reinforcement to resist bending and shear stresses. 

🔰Joint Spacing: 
Evaluate rheological properties of concrete mix, type of aggregate, its volumetric concentration and impurity to determine proper joint spacing

@etconp

👉የኮሪደር ስራን የሚቆጣጠር መስሪያ ቤት ተቋቋመ

🚧የአዲስ አበባን የወንዝ ዳር ፕሮጀክቶች እና የኮሪደር ስራን የሚቆጣጠርና የሚመራ ባለስልጣን መስሪያ ቤት ተቋቋመለት፡፡

የተቋቋመው መስሪያ ቤት እስካሁን የተሰሩና ከዚህ በውሃላም የሚሰሩ የወንዝ ዳርና የኮሪደር ልማት ስራዎችን የሚመራና የሚቆጣጠር ነው ተብሏል።

በዚህም የኮሪደርና የወንዝ ዳር ፕሮጀክቶች መቆጣጠርና ማስተዳደር ባለስልጣን ተቋም በከተማ አስተዳደሩ ተሰምቷል።

ለአዲስ አበባ የመጀመሪያው የሆነውና በግንባታ ላይ ያለው ከእንጦጦ እስከ ፒኮክ መናፈሻ የሚደርሰው የ21.5 ኪ.ሜ የወንዝ ዳር ፕሮጀክት ስራ 90 በመቶ መድረሱን የከተማዋ የህዝብ መዝናኛ ቦታዎች አስተዳደር ኮርፖሬሽን ምክትል ስራ አስፈፃሚና የ የወንዝና የወንዝ ዳርቻ ኮሪደር ልማት ምክትል አስተባባሪ አቶ ዋለልኝ ደሳለኝ ተናግረዋል።

በተጨማሪም እስከ መጪው ጥቅምት ወር መጨረሻም አጠቃላይ ስራው ይጠናቀቃል ተብሏል፡፡

ከዚህ በኋላም ስራውን የሚቆጣጠርና የሚከታተል ተቋም መቋቋሙን ተከትሎም የወንዝ ዳር ፕሮጀክቱ ያለምንም መቆራረጥ በቋሚነት የሚሰራ እንደሚሆንም ተናግረዋል።

Via ሸገር ሬድዮ

@etconp

👉የአሜሪካው ፕሬዚዳንት ዶናልድ ትራምፕ ዋና ከተማዋን ዋሽንግተንን ለማስዋብ 2 ቢሊዮን ዶላር በጀት እንደሚያስፈልጋቸው ተናገሩ።

💫ፕሬዚዳንቱ ዋሽንግተንን ንፁህ እና ውብ ለማድረግ ያስችላል ላሉት የከተማ ማስዋብ እቅድ ለአሜሪካ ኮንግረስ የ2 ቢሊዮን ዶላር የበጀት ጥያቄ እንደሚያቀርቡ አስታውቀዋል።

ትራምፕ ይህን እቅድ ይፋ ባደረጉበት ወቅት፥ አሁን ያሉት የከተማዋ መብራቶች በአብዛኛው ያረጁና የተሰበሩ ናቸው ብለዋል።

መንገዶቹ ተበላሽተዋል፣ ፓርኮቹ አረንጓዴና ዓይን የሚስቡ አይደሉም ያሉት ፕሬዚዳንቱ፤ አዲሱ እቅድ ይህን እንደሚያስተካክል፣ ከተማዋን ውብ፣ ፅዱና ሰላማዊ እንደሚያደርግ ተናግረዋል።

ትራምፕ ዋሽንግተንን ከመቼውም የበለጠ ሰላማዊ፣ እንከን የለሽ እና ውብ ገፅታን የተላበሰች ያደርጋታል ያሉት እቅዳቸው የከተማዋ መንገዶች እድሳት፣ በፋውንቴን የተዋበ የህዝብ ፓርክ ግንባታ፣ የመንገድ መብራቶችን በአዲስ መቀየር፣ የከተማዋ መለያ የሆኑ ሐውልቶችን ማደስ እና ማፅዳትን ያካተተ እንደሆነ ተናግረዋል።

ፕሬዚዳንቱ ዋሽንግተን ዲሲን ለማደስ እና ለማስዋብ ያወጡት ይህ እቅድ ከዋና ከተማዋ በ4.8 ኪሎ ሜትር ራዲየስ ያለውን አካባቢ የሚያካልል ሲሆን ትግበራውም በ12 ወራት እንደሚጠናቀቅ ታውቋል።

Via ዋሲሁን ተስፋዬ

@etconp