👉The problem shown in the image is that the reinforcing steel (rebar) cage is not properly centered within the concrete column.

⏺This issue, known as an eccentric or shifted rebar cage, results in an inadequate concrete cover on one side of the column. 

🚧Problem: The rebar cage has shifted from its correct position, leading to a lack of sufficient concrete cover. This can compromise the structural integrity of the column. 

🏷Cause: The most common cause is the failure to use spacers or cover blocks to secure the rebar cage in place before pouring the concrete.

⏺Without these spacers, the rebar can move during the concrete pouring process. 

⭐️Solution: The correct solution is to use concrete spacers or cover blocks to maintain the required distance between the rebar and the formwork, ensuring the rebar remains centered and has the proper concrete cover on all sides.

⏺If the concrete has already been poured, the affected section of the column may need to be demolished and re-poured correctly. 

@etconp

👉Isolated Footing

💫The Most Common Foundation in Building Construction

1. In structural engineering, an isolated footing is provided to support a single column.
2. The load from the column is distributed safely to the soil below through this footing.
3. It is the most widely used type of shallow foundation for residential and commercial buildings.

⏺Flat / Pad Footing is Simple square/rectangular slab under a column.

⏺Sloped Footing is Economical design where concrete volume is reduced.

⏺In Stepped Footing it's thickness reduced step by step for heavy loads.

⏺In Circular Footing, it is Used where columns are circular or for architectural preference.

#isolatedfooting #civilengineering

@etconp

👉Shear walls are one of the most critical structural elements in high-rise buildings, especially when it comes to resisting lateral forces such as wind and earthquakes.

💫Shear walls are the backbone of lateral stability in high-rise structures. They prevent excessive sway, protect against seismic and wind forces, and enhance both safety and efficiency of the building

@etconp

‎👉ስነ-ህንጻ 70 እንደርታ ናይ መጽለሊ ጉዳይ ጥራሕ ኣይኾነይ÷ህያው ማህደር ናይ ምህንድስና ጥበብ፣ኸባብያዊ ምትዕጽጻፍይ ባህላዊ ምሳሌይ’ዩ።
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‎🧱ስትራክቸራል ኢንጅነሪንግ
‎ ኣእማን ብለይ ሞርታር ይንጸፍ፣ ኣብ ምትሕንፋጽ፣ ክብደትይ ምትእስሳር ጂኦሜትሪይ ልምርኮስ 'ዩ።
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‎🚧መንደቕ ኣብ ግዜ ምንቅጥቃጥ መሬት በምኽንያት ምንቅጥቃጥ ልፍጠር ንዝረት ክከላኸል የኽእል፣ እዚ ለለ ሓደጋ ምፍራስ ኣባይቲ/ህድሞታት-ኣዳራሻት ይቕንስ
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‎⏺መሰረታት ልኣባይቲ ልዕሊ ውሕጅይ ተስሓብቲ-ነብሳት የልዕልዎ፡ እዚለለ ምልክት ኽብርይ ቅድመ-ምክልኻልይ እዩ።
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🎲ስርዓታት ናሕሲ

⏺‎ቀሊል ፣ ልስርዓተ-ምትንፋስ ምቾት ልህብይ ሙቐት ልከላኸልይ እዩ።
⏺ብናይ ጽሕዲ ወይ ብኣሊዕ-ዓዲ ካብ ምድሪቤት ዓምድታት ልናሕሲ ልድገፍ ፡ መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ብምሩጽ-ሓመድ ልተሰረሐ ጭቃ ፕላስተር ልዕሸግ።
⏺መንደቕ ብዝናብ ካብ ምፍራስ ይከላኸልይ ጽላል ለለዎ ድባብ ብምፍጣር ሀም መዝሓሊ መሳርሒ-ስርዓት ኾይኑ የገልግል።
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‎🌡️ ምትዕጽጻፍ ምስ ስነ-ምህዳር ኸባቢ
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‎⏺ምቁጽጻር ሙቐት፡ረጒድ መንደቕ እምኒ፡ሀም መቆጻጻሪ መጠን ሙቐት ኾይኑ የገልግል፡ኣብ ቀትሪ-መዓልቲ ሙቐት ይምጥጥ/ናብ ውሽጢ ገዛ ከይሓልፍ ይሕዝ፡ለይቲ ለለ ኣመጣጢኑ ይለቅቕ።
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⏺ጥቕሚ መሽኮታት፡-ኣብ ለይቲ/ቁሪ ግዜ ብኽነት ሙቐት ካብ ከይህልይይ ፍሰት ኣየር ውሽጢ ገዛ ኣብ ምቁጽጻርይ ይጠቅም።
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📍‎ምንጪ ጥረ-ኣቅሑት

❇️‎1-ኸባብያዊ እምኒ ፡ መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ባዛልት ወይ ኖራ፡ ኣብ ኸባቢታት ገጸ-ምድሪ 70እንደርታ ልግነዩ።
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❇️‎2-ይ ምሩጽ-ሓመድ/ጭቃ ሀም ፕላስተር፦ምስ ኹነታት ኣየር-ፀባይ ወይ ምስ ኹነታት ወቅትታት ተዓጻጻፊ ናይ ምዃን ባህሪያት ለለዎ ጥራሕ ተይኾነስ ስርዓተ-ምትንፋስ ክሕሊ ተኽእሎ ምእንቲ ክህልዎ እቲ ጭቃ ምስ ሓሰር ልተሓዋወሰ እዩ።
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🏷ዕንጨይቲ ፡- ካብ ኣብ ቀረባ ልግነዩ ጽሕዲ(ብኣብዝሓ ጽሕዲ-ደስኣ) : ኣውሊዕ ብዘላቒ መንገዲ ልመጽእ ኾይኑ ፡ መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ልወለዶታት ብቀፃሊ ዳግማይ ክጥቀመሉ ይኽእል ለ እዩ።

@etconp

👉What is Formwork? Difference between Shuttering, Centering and Staging.

✅🏗️ Formwork:-

🔹Formwork is a temporary structure which is used as a mould to pour the concrete. Formwork may be the horizontal or vertical arrangement, made to keep concrete in position until it gains desired strength and shape.

✅ 🏗️ Shuttering:-

🔹 Shuttering is a part of form work. it is a vertical temporary which is used to bring concrete in desired shape. Vertical formwork is known as shuttering. Formwork for the column, retaining wall, footings, Side Beams are known as shuttering.

✅🏗️ Centering:-

🔹 Centering is a part of formwork. it is used to support the horizontal members like Slabs. Formwork for slabs and bottom of Beams known as Centre

✅🏗️ Staging:-

🔹 Staging is a Temporary structure which is used to support formwork either it may be for Centering or shuttering. Staging is done by using props, jacks, H frames, cup lock system, wooden bullies.

💫you can see in the picture, you will understand better

@etconp

👉ለሀገራዊ የኮንስትራክሽን ዘርፍ አዲስ ምዕራፍ የከፈተው እና መስከረም 27 ቀን 2018 ዓ.ም ይፋ የተደረገው የግንባታ ቁጥጥር መረጃ ሶፍትዌር ስርአት (CRIS) እና የሳይበር ደህንነት አስተዳደር በወፍበረር ሲቃኝ🎥

📹266.3 Mb ስለሆነ ዋይፋይ ይጠቀሙ🙏

@etconp

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👉የጨረታ ማስከበሪያ የሚወረስባቸው አራት ምክንያቶች:-

💫በፌደራል ግዥ አዋጅ 1333/2016 መሠረት በማንኛውም ተጫራች የቀረበ የጨረታ ማስከበሪያ ከሚከተሉት ምክንያቶች በአንዱ ሊወረስ ይችላል።

1)ጨረታው ከተከፈተ በኋላ ጨረታው ፀንቶ በሚቆይበት ጊዜ ውስጥ ተጫራቹ ራሱን ከውድድሩ ካገለለ ወይም፣

2) ጨረታው ፀንቶ በሚቆይበት ጊዜ ውስጥ አሸናፊ ተጫራች መሆኑ በፅሑፍ ተገልጾለት፣ ውል ለመፈረም፣ የገዛውን ንብረት ለማንሳት ወይም የውል ማስከበሪያ ለማስያዝ ፈቃደኛ ካልሆነ፣ 

3) በተጫራቹ ፋይናንሻል ፕሮፖዛል ላይ የሂሳብ እርማት ተደርጎ ለመቀበል ፈቃደኛ ካልሆነ፤

4) ተጫራቹ የማጭበርበር ወይም የማታለል ወይም ከሌሎች ተጫራቾች ጋር የመመሳጠር ወይም መረጃ የመደበቅ ድርጊቶችን መፈፀሙ ሥልጣን ባለው አካል የተረጋገጠ ከሆነ ናቸው።

@etconp

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