Ethio Construction Engineering
32.4K subscribers
6.23K photos
359 videos
1.99K files
3.2K links
๐Ÿ”จ World Construction Engineering
Latest updates, tips, and tutorials on building, civil engineering, and construction in World.
Learn, build, and grow with us!

๐Ÿ“จ @Philemona7 Or @ETCONpBOT

For Ad:- https://telega.io/c/etconp
Download Telegram
๐Ÿ‘‰What are Bridge,Piers, Abutments & Bearings

๐ŸšงQ1 What is the function of bridge piers?

โบAnswer: To support the bridge superstructure and transfer loads safely to the foundation.

๐ŸšงQ2 What are common types of bridge piers?

โบAnswer: Wall piers, column piers, hammerhead piers, pile bent piers, and portal piers.

๐ŸšงQ3 What factors govern the selection of pier type?

โบAnswer: Span length, river flow, foundation condition, aesthetics, and construction method.

๐ŸšงQ4 What is the function of bridge abutments?

โบAnswer: To support the end spans of a bridge and retain the approach embankment.

๐ŸšงQ5 What are the main types of abutments?

โบAnswer: Gravity abutments, cantilever abutments, counterfort abutments, and spill-through abutments.

๐ŸšงQ6 What loads act on bridge piers and abutments?

โบAnswer: Dead load, live load, wind load, seismic load, braking force, earth pressure, and water forces.

๐ŸšงQ7 What is a spill-through abutment?

โบAnswer: An abutment where the embankment slopes pass between columns, reducing earth pressure.

๐ŸšงQ8 What is the importance of pier cap in bridge construction?

โบAnswer: It distributes loads from the superstructure to the pier columns or walls.

๐ŸšงQ9 What is a bridge bearing?

โบAnswer: A structural device that transfers loads from the superstructure to the substructure while allowing movement.

๐ŸšงQ10 Why are bridge bearings necessary?

โบAnswer: To accommodate thermal expansion, contraction, rotation, and seismic movements.

๐ŸšงQ11 What are the common types of bridge bearings?

โบAnswer: Elastomeric bearings, pot bearings, rocker bearings, roller bearings, and spherical bearings.

๐ŸšงQ12 What is an elastomeric bearing?

โบAnswer: A rubber-based bearing that allows limited rotation and movement without mechanical parts.

๐ŸšงQ13 What are the advantages of elastomeric bearings?

โบAnswer: Low maintenance, simplicity, durability, and corrosion resistance.

๐ŸšงQ14 What is bearing seating and why is it critical?

โบAnswer: Proper placement and alignment of bearings to ensure uniform load transfer.

๐ŸšงQ15 What defects are commonly observed in bridge bearings?

โบAnswer: Cracking, bulging, corrosion, misalignment, and seizure.

๐ŸšงQ16 How is bearing replacement carried out?

โบAnswer: By jacking the superstructure, removing old bearings, and installing new ones with proper alignment.

๐ŸšงQ17 What quality control checks are required for pier and abutment construction?

โบAnswer: Reinforcement placement, concrete strength, formwork alignment, and curing.

๐ŸšงQ18 What is the role of expansion joints near abutments?

โบAnswer: To allow movement of the superstructure without inducing stresses.

๐ŸšงQ19 What drainage provisions are required at piers and abutments?

โบAnswer: Weep holes, deck drainage outlets, and protection against water accumulation.

๐ŸšงQ20 What records must be maintained for pier, abutment, and bearing works?

โบAnswer: Construction drawings, inspection reports, bearing installation records, and as-built details.

@etconp
โค24๐Ÿ‘6๐Ÿ‘1
๐Ÿ‘‰Constrution Dive แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰ฃแˆˆ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆจแŒƒ แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆ แˆฐแˆžแŠ‘แŠ• 5 construction trends to watch in 2026 แ‰ แˆšแˆ แˆญแ‹•แˆต แ‰ฃแˆฐแˆซแŒจแ‹ แˆ˜แˆจแŒƒ แ‰ 2026 แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แ‹˜แˆญแ แŠ แˆแˆตแ‰ต แŠ แ‹แˆ›แˆšแ‹ซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ (Trends) แ‹จแˆšแŠจแ‰ฐแˆ‰แ‰ต แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ฅแˆแˆแข

๐ŸšงแŠฅแАแ‹šแˆ… แŠ แˆแˆตแ‰ต แАแŒฅแ‰ฆแ‰ฝ แАแŒฅแ‰ฆแ‰ฝ แ‰ แ‹‹แŠ“แАแ‰ต แ‰ แ‹“แˆˆแˆ แŠ แ‰€แ แ‹ฐแˆจแŒƒ (แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‰ แŠ แˆœแˆชแŠซ) แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹แŠ• แˆแŠ”แ‰ณ แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต แ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ‰ แ‰ขแˆ†แŠ•แˆแฃ แˆˆแ‹˜แˆญแ‰ แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ™แ‹ซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰ตแˆแ‰… แˆ˜แˆจแŒƒ แ‹ญแˆฐแŒฃแˆ‰แข


แ‹จแŒแ‰ฅแ‹“แ‰ต แ‹•แ‰ƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แˆ˜แˆจแŒ‹แŒ‹แ‰ต (Stable Material Prices)


แŠฅ.แŠค.แŠ . แ‰ 2026 แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แŒแ‰ฅแ‹“แ‰ต แ‹•แ‰ƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แŒญแˆ›แˆช แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‹ตแŠ•แŒˆแ‰ฐแŠ› แ‰…แŠ“แˆฝ แŠ แ‹ญแŒ แ‰ แ‰…แˆแข แ‹จแ‹‹แŒ‹ แŒแˆฝแ‰ แ‰ฑ แŠจ2% แŠฅแˆตแŠจ 4% แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‹ แŠญแˆแˆ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแˆ†แŠ• แ‹ญแŒˆแˆ˜แ‰ณแˆแข แ‹ญแˆแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แŒ‚ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ต (Steel) แŠฅแŠ“ แŠ แˆ‰แˆšแŠ’แ‹จแˆ แ‹ซแˆ‰ แˆแˆญแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‰ แ‰ณแˆชแ (Tariff) แˆแŠญแŠ•แ‹ซแ‰ต แ‹‹แŒ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แŠจแ แ‰ฅแˆŽ แˆŠแ‰†แ‹ญ แ‹ญแ‰ฝแˆ‹แˆแข

แ‹จแˆฐแ‹ แŠƒแ‹ญแˆ แŠฅแŒฅแˆจแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹จแ‹ฐแˆ˜แ‹ˆแ‹ แŒญแˆ›แˆช (Labor Shortages and Rising Wages)


แ‹จแˆฐแˆˆแŒ แА แ‹จแˆฐแ‹ แŠƒแ‹ญแˆ แŠฅแŒฅแˆจแ‰ต แŠ แˆแŠ•แˆ แ‰ตแˆแ‰… แˆแ‰ฐแŠ“ แˆ†แŠ– แ‹ญแ‰€แŒฅแˆ‹แˆแข แ‰ แ‹šแˆ…แˆ แˆแŠญแŠ•แ‹ซแ‰ต แ‹ตแˆญแŒ…แ‰ถแ‰ฝ แˆฐแˆซแ‰ฐแŠžแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆˆแˆ›แ‰†แ‹จแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แŠ แ‹ณแ‹ฒแˆถแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แˆณแ‰ฅ แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แ‹ฐแˆ˜แ‹ˆแ‹ แˆˆแˆ˜แŠญแˆแˆ แ‹ญแŒˆแ‹ฐแ‹ณแˆ‰แข แ‹ญแˆ…แˆ แ‰ แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แŠ แŒ แ‰ƒแˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ แŒ€แ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠจแŒแ‰ฅแ‹“แ‰ต แ‹•แ‰ƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŒซแŠ“ แ‹ญแˆแŒฅแˆซแˆ แ‰ฐแ‰ฅแˆŽ แ‹ญแ‰ณแˆฐแ‰ฃแˆแข

แ‹จแˆ˜แˆจแŒƒ แˆ›แ‹•แŠจแˆ‹แ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆ แˆจแ‰ฐ แˆแˆ›แ‰ต แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แˆ˜แˆตแ‹แ‹แ‰ต (Growth in Data Centers and Infrastructure)


แ‹จแŠ แˆญแ‰ฒแŠแˆปแˆ แŠขแŠ•แ‰ฐแˆˆแŒ€แŠ•แˆต (AI) แ‰ดแŠญแŠ–แˆŽแŒ‚ แŠฅแ‹ตแŒˆแ‰ต แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แ‹จแˆ˜แˆจแŒƒ แˆ›แŠจแˆ›แ‰ป แˆ›แ‹•แŠจแˆ‹แ‰ต (Data Centers) แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแŒจแˆแˆญ แ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‹แˆแข แ‰ แ‰ฐแŒจแˆ›แˆชแˆ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ณแ‹Š แ‹จแˆ˜แˆ แˆจแ‰ฐ แˆแˆ›แ‰ต แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ถแ‰ฝ (แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ถแ‰ฝแฃ แ‹จแŠƒแ‹ญแˆ แˆ›แˆ˜แŠ•แŒซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ) แ‰ 2026 แ‹จแ‹˜แˆญแ‰ แ‹‹แŠ“ แŠ แŠ•แ‰€แˆณแ‰ƒแˆฝ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแˆ†แŠ‘ แ‹ญแŒ แ‰ แ‰ƒแˆแข

แ‰ แ‰ดแŠญแŠ–แˆŽแŒ‚ แ‹จแ‰ณแŒˆแ‹˜ แŠ แˆ แˆซแˆญ (Technology Adoption - AI and Robotics)


แ‹แŒคแ‰ณแˆ›แАแ‰ตแŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แŒจแˆ˜แˆญ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹จแˆฐแ‹ แŠƒแ‹ญแˆ แŠฅแŒฅแˆจแ‰ตแŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰‹แ‰‹แˆ แ‹ตแˆญแŒ…แ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‰ แ‰ดแŠญแŠ–แˆŽแŒ‚ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‰แ‰ต แŠขแŠ•แ‰จแˆตแ‰ตแˆ˜แŠ•แ‰ต แ‹ญแŒจแˆแˆซแˆแข

แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ญแˆแฆ
โ€ข AI (Artificial Intelligence): แˆˆแ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ต แ‹•แ‰…แ‹ต แŠฅแŠ“ แˆˆแ‹‹แŒ‹ แŒแˆแ‰ตแข
โ€ข Robotics: แ‰ฐแ‹ฐแŒ‹แŒ‹แˆš แŠฅแŠ“ แŠ แ‹ตแŠซแˆš แˆตแˆซแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แˆฎแ‰ฆแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แˆ›แŠจแŠ“แ‹ˆแŠ•แข
โ€ข Drones: แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‰ฆแ‰ณแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰†แŒฃแŒ แˆญ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹ณแˆฐแˆณ (Survey) แˆˆแˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒแข

แ‹˜แˆ‹แ‰‚แАแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹จแŠ แŠซแ‰ฃแ‰ข แŒฅแ‰ แ‰ƒ (Sustainability and Green Building)


แ‹จแŠซแˆญแ‰ฆแŠ• แˆแ‰€แ‰ตแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแ‰€แŠ•แˆฑ แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‰แˆณแ‰แˆถแ‰ฝ (แˆˆแˆแˆณแˆŒแก Low-carbon concrete) แŠฅแŠ“ แŠƒแ‹ญแˆ แ‰†แŒฃแ‰ข แ‹จแˆ†แŠ‘ แ‹จแˆ…แŠ•แŒป แ‹ฒแ‹›แ‹ญแŠ–แ‰ฝ แ‰ตแŠฉแˆจแ‰ต แ‹ซแŒˆแŠ›แˆ‰แข แŠ แ‹ณแ‹ฒแˆต แˆ•แŠ•แŒปแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠจแˆ˜แŒˆแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ต แ‹ญแˆแ‰… แАแ‰ฃแˆญ แˆ•แŠ•แŒปแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠ แ‹ตแˆถ แˆˆแˆŒแˆ‹ แŠ แŒˆแˆแŒแˆŽแ‰ต แˆ›แ‹‹แˆ (Adaptive Reuse) แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แ‰ตแˆแ‰… แŠ แ‹แˆ›แˆšแ‹ซ แ‹ญแ‰ณแ‹ซแˆแข


Via Infranco

@etconp
โค11
๐Ÿ‘‰‎Basic Important Points for Civil Site Engineer's and Supervisors for Road Construction projects..
‎
‎1. Camber: The minimum camber for a road is 2%.
‎
‎2. Gradient: The maximum gradient for a road is 1 in 20 (5%).
‎
‎3. Drainage: The minimum gradient for drainage is 1 in 100.
‎
‎4. Compaction: The minimum compaction density for subgrade is 95%.
‎
‎5. Thickness of Pavement Layers:
‎   โ—‹ - Subbase: 100-150 mm
‎   โ—‹ - Base course: 50-100 mm
‎   โ—‹ - Surface course: 25-50 mm
‎
‎6. Bitumen Content: The standard bitumen content for hot mix asphalt is 4-6%.
‎
‎7. Aggregate Size: The maximum aggregate size for hot mix asphalt is 19 mm.
‎
‎8. Compaction Temperature: The ideal compaction temperature for hot mix asphalt is between 120ยฐC and 140ยฐC.
‎
‎9. Curing Period: The minimum curing period for concrete roads is 7 days.
‎
‎10. Joint Spacing: The maximum joint spacing for concrete roads is 4.5 meters.
‎
‎11. Pavement Marking: The standard width for pavement markings is 100 mm.
‎
‎12. Road Signage: The standard height for road signs is 2.1 meters.
‎
‎13. Drainage System: The minimum slope for drainage pipes is 1 in 100.
‎
‎14. Geotextile: The standard thickness for geotextile underlayment is 0.5 mm.
‎
‎15. Subgrade Stabilization: The standard depth for subgrade stabilization is 300 mm.
‎
‎16. Base Course Material: The standard material for base course is crushed aggregate.
‎
‎17. Surface Course Material: The standard material for surface course is hot mix asphalt.
‎
‎18. Tack Coat: The standard application rate for tack coat is 0.2-0.5 liters per square meter.
‎
‎19. Prime Coat: The standard application rate for prime coat is 0.5-1.0 liters per square meter.
‎
‎20. Road Safety Features: The standard height for crash barriers is 0.8 meters.
‎
‎21. Road Lighting: The standard spacing for road lighting poles is 30-50 meters.
‎
‎22. Drainage Inlets: The standard spacing for drainage inlets is 100-200 meters.
‎
‎23. Shoulder Width: The standard width for road shoulders is 2.5-3.5 meters.
‎
‎24. Lane Width: The standard width for road lanes is 3.5-4.5 meters.
‎
‎25. Road Surface Texture: The standard texture depth for road surfaces is 0.5-1.5 mm.
‎
‎26. Skid Resistance: The standard skid resistance value for road surfaces is 0.4-0.6.
‎
‎27. Roadside Slope: The standard slope for roadside embankments is 1:1.5 to 1:2.
‎
‎28. Culvert Size: The standard size for culverts is 600 mm x 600 mm.
‎
‎29. Guardrail Height: The standard height for guardrails is 1.1 meters.
‎
‎30. Roadside Drainage: The standard slope for roadside drainage channels is 1 in 50.
‎
‎31. Bitumen Penetration: The standard penetration value for bitumen is 60-80.
‎
‎32. Aggregate Crushing Value: The standard crushing value for aggregates is 20-30%.
‎
‎33. Concrete Slump: The standard slump value for concrete is 25-100 mm.
‎
‎34. Compaction Equipment: The standard compaction equipment for road construction is a 10-ton roller.
‎
‎35. Pavement Layer Thickness: The standard thickness for pavement layers is 50-200 mm.
‎
‎36. Road Surface Evenness: The standard evenness value for road surfaces is 3-5 mm.
‎
‎37. Road Surface Roughness: The standard roughness value for road surfaces is 1.5-3.5 mm.
‎
‎38. Drainage Pipe Material: The standard material for drainage pipes is PVC or concrete.
‎
‎39. Roadside Fencing: The standard height for roadside fencing is 1.2 meters.
‎
‎40. Environmental Protection: The standard measures for environmental protection during road construction include dust control, noise reduction, and erosion prevention.
‎
‎@etconp
โค19๐Ÿ‘5๐Ÿ‘3
648_แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ•_แ‰ฅแ‰ƒแ‰ต_แˆ›แˆจแŒ‹แŒˆแŒซแŠ“_แˆแ‹แŒˆแ‰ฃ_แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆชแ‹ซ.pdf
2.7 MB
๐Ÿ‘‰แ‹จ แŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แ‰ฅแ‰ƒแ‰ต แˆ›แˆจแŒ‹แŒˆแŒซแŠ“ แˆแ‹แŒˆแ‰ฃ แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆชแ‹ซ

- แŠฎแŠ•แ‰ตแˆซแŠญแ‰ฐแˆญ แŠจ แ‹ฐแˆจแŒƒ 1 แŠฅแˆตแŠจ 10
- แ‹จแŠ แˆ›แŠซแˆช แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆต แˆแ‰ƒแ‹ต
- แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ™แ‹ซ แˆแˆ‰แˆ แŠ แ‹ญแАแ‰ต

https://t.me/ETCONpWORK

@etconp
โค4๐Ÿ™2
#ADVERTISEMENT

Ab Con General Waterproofing Works

แ‹จแ‹แˆƒ แŠ แ‰…แˆญแ‰ฆแ‰ตแ‹ŽแŠ• แ‰ แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แ‹ฐแˆจแŒƒ แˆˆแˆ˜แŒจแˆ˜แˆญ แ‰ แ‹แ‹ญแ‰ แˆญแŒแˆ‹แˆต แ‹จแ‹แˆƒ แˆ›แŒ แˆซแ‰€แˆšแ‹ซ แˆดแ•แ‰ฒแŠญ แ‰ณแŠ•แŠญ แˆตแˆญแ‹“แ‰ณแ‰ต แ‹ญแŒ แ‰€แˆ™ !!!

โ—‡ แ‰ แ‹แ‹ญแ‰ แˆญแŒแˆ‹แˆต  แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆฐแˆซ แ‹จแ‹แˆƒ แˆดแ•แ‰ฒแŠญ แ‰ณแŠ•แŠญ แ‰ แŒ‰แ‹ตแŒ“แ‹ต แ‹‰แˆตแŒฅ แŠจแˆšแˆ˜แŒฃ แ‹จแˆฝแŠ•แ‰ต แ‰คแ‰ต แแˆณแˆพแ‰ฝ แˆ™แˆ‰ แˆˆแˆ™แˆ‰ แ‹จแ‰ฐแŠจแˆˆแˆˆ แˆตแˆˆแˆšแˆ†แŠ• แˆˆแ‹‰แˆ€ แ‰ฅแŠญแˆˆแ‰ต  แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแˆ›แˆ›แŠ แАแ‹‰ แข
โ—‡แ‰ แ‹แ‹ญแ‰ แˆญแŒแˆ‹แˆต  แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆฐแˆซ แ‹จแ‹แˆƒ แˆดแ•แ‰ฒแŠญ แ‰ณแŠ•แŠญ แˆ˜แ‰ แˆตแ‰ แˆต แŠฅแŠ“ แˆ˜แˆฐแАแŒฃแŒ แ‰… แ‹จแˆšแ‰ฃแˆ แАแŒˆแˆญ แˆแ…แˆž แŠ แ‹ญแ‰ณแˆฐแ‰ฅแˆแข
โ—‡แ‰ แ‹แ‹ญแ‰ แˆญแŒแˆ‹แˆต แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆฐแˆซ แ‹จแ‹แˆƒ แˆดแ•แ‰ฒแŠญ แ‰ณแŠ•แŠญ แˆˆแˆ›แ…แ‹ณแ‰ต แ‰ แ‰€แˆ‹แˆ‰ แ‹จแˆšแˆ˜แ‰ฝ แˆฒแˆ†แŠ• แฃ แ‰ แ‹‰แˆ€ แ‹‰แˆตแŒฅ แ‰ แแŒฅแАแ‰ต แˆˆแˆšแˆซแ‰ฃแ‹‰ แŠ แˆแŒŒ แ‹ฐแŒแˆž แˆแ…แˆž แ‹จแˆ›แ‹ญแˆ˜แ‰ฝ แАแ‹‰ แข
โ—‡แ‰ แ‹แ‹ญแ‰ แˆญแŒแˆ‹แˆต  แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆฐแˆซ แ‹จแ‹แˆƒ แˆดแ•แ‰ฒแŠญ แ‰ณแŠ•แŠญ แŠจแˆ˜แˆฌแ‰ต แ‰ แ‰ณแ‰ฝ แ‰ แŒ‰แ‹ตแŒŽแ‹ต แ‹‰แˆตแŒฅ แˆตแˆˆแˆšแˆฐแˆซ แ‰ฆแ‰ณ แ‰†แŒฃแ‰ข แАแ‹‰แข
โ—‡แˆˆแˆ˜แ‹‹แŠ› แŒˆแŠ•แ‹ณ

โ—‡ แˆˆแˆ˜แŠ–แˆชแ‹ซ แ‰คแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แฃแคแˆชแˆ แŠฅแˆตแ‰ดแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แคแ‹ตแˆญแŒ…แ‰ถแ‰ฝ แคแˆ†แˆตแ’แ‰ณแˆŽแ‰ฝแฅ แˆ†แ‰ดแˆŽแ‰ฝ แฅ แŠคแˆแ‰ฃแˆฒแ‹Žแ‰ฝแฅแ‹จแŠฅแˆญแˆป แ‰ฆแ‰ณแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แฅแŠขแŠ•แ‹ฑแˆตแ‰ตแˆช แ“แˆญแŠฎแ‰ฝ แ‹ˆแ‹˜แ‰ฐ แ‹จแŠ› แ‰ฐแŒ แ‰ƒแˆšแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹‰แข

๐Ÿคณ0913967277
     0968966602
โค3๐Ÿ‘2
๐Ÿ‘‰ INTERCON Construction Chemicals 

โ— Concrete Admixtures
โ— Bonding Agents
โ— Waterproofings
โ— Wall Putty, Prime Coat
โ— Concrete Repair Mortar
โ— Floor hardener, Epoxy
โ— Grout, Self-level mortar
โ— Quartz paint, Contextra
โ— Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers 
โ— Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials

โ˜Ž๏ธ Tel: 0961955555

๐Ÿ”น Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital

๐Ÿ”น Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza
โค3
#ADVERTISEMENT

๐ŸŒŸTraining (With Discount)

          ๐ŸŒŸOnline Class (With Certificate)

1. ETABS Price = 3000birr
2. Ms Project Price = 3000birr
3. Quantity Survey Price = 3000birr
4. Civil 3D Price =4000birr
5. Etabs With Safe Price = 4500birr
6. Advanced Structural Design Using ETABS, SAFE and SAP2000 = 9000birr
7. Structural Design in ProtaStructure Software = 6000birr
8. Autocad Price = 3000birr
9. Sap2000 Price = 2500birr
10. Autodesk Revit Architecture = 4500BIRR

๐Ÿซต If u take More than 2 Course u will have Big Discount

๐ŸšงPrepared by Engineering Solution Abel Muluken

๐ŸซตFor Registration - 0948552002  Or @AbelMuluken

๐ŸšงTelegram Channel - https://t.me/AbelMulukenEngineeringSolution

๐ŸšงYouTube Channel - https://youtube.com/channel/UCNxyykElOiXVKVlA4jXI2BA
โค5
๐Ÿ‘‰For Railway Engineer's Job Entrance Exam

‎Q1. What is Railway Engineering?
‎
‎Answer: Railway engineering deals with the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of railway tracks and systems.
‎
‎Q2. What is the standard gauge in Indian Railways?
‎
‎Answer: 1.676 m
‎
‎Q3. What is ballast?
‎
‎Answer: Ballast is a layer of crushed stones laid below sleepers to distribute load and provide drainage.
‎
‎Q4. Main functions of ballast?
‎
‎Answer: Load distribution, track stability, drainage, and maintaining track geometry.
‎
‎Q5. What are sleepers?
‎
‎Answer: Sleepers are transverse members that support rails and maintain gauge.
‎
‎Q6. Types of sleepers?
‎
‎Answer: Wooden, Steel, Cast iron, and Concrete sleepers.
‎
‎Q7. Best sleeper used in modern railways?
‎
‎Answer: Pre-stressed concrete sleeper.
‎
‎Q8. What is rail gauge?
‎
‎Answer: Distance between the inner faces of two rails.
‎
‎Q9. Types of rail gauges?
‎
‎Answer: Broad gauge, Meter gauge, and Narrow gauge.
‎
‎Q10. What is rail creep?
‎
‎Answer: Longitudinal movement of rails in the direction of traffic.
‎
@etconp
๐Ÿ‘14โค3
๐Ÿ‘‰Questions For Material Engineers

‎1. Why is material testing important in construction?

‎Ans:To ensure that materials meet design specifications, standards, and safety requirements before and during use.
‎
‎2. What tests are carried out on cement at site level?

‎Ans:Fineness test, setting time test, soundness test, and compressive strength test.
‎
‎3. What is the standard initial and final setting time of OPC cement?
‎
Ans:Initial setting time โ‰ฅ 30 minutes
‎Final setting time โ‰ค 600 minutes.
‎
‎4. How do you check the quality of sand before use?

‎Ans:Silt content test, bulking test, sieve analysis (gradation), and visual inspection for organic matter.
‎
‎5. What is the permissible silt content in fine aggregate?
‎
Ans:Not more than 6% by volume.
‎
‎6. What field tests are conducted on coarse aggregate?
‎
Ans:Sieve analysis, impact value test, crushing value test, abrasion test, and flakiness & elongation index.
‎
‎7. What is the standard slump range for different concrete works?
‎
Ans:Footings: 25โ€“75 mm
‎Beams & slabs: 75โ€“100 mm
‎Pumped concrete: 100โ€“150 mm.
‎
‎8. How do you conduct a slump test on site?
‎
Ans:Fill cone in 3 layers, each tamped 25 times, lift cone vertically, and measure subsidence.
‎
‎9. What is cube test in concrete?
‎
Ans:A compressive strength test carried out on 150 mm concrete cubes at 7 and 28 days.
‎
‎10. What is the minimum acceptable strength at 7 days?
‎
Ans:Generally โ‰ฅ 65% of the characteristic 28-day strength.
‎
‎11. How many concrete cubes are required for each pour?
‎
Ans:Minimum 3 cubes per 30 mยณ of concrete or per dayโ€™s pour, whichever is higher.

@ETCONpWORK @ETCONp

‎12. What is a field density test and where is it used?

It determines in-situ soil compaction using Sand Cone or Nuclear Density Method for earthworks.
‎
‎13. What is the required compaction for subgrade and sub-base?

‎95โ€“98% of Maximum Dry Density (MDD).
‎
‎14. What tests are performed on asphalt materials?

‎ Bitumen penetration test, softening point, ductility, Marshall stability, and core density test.
‎
‎15. What is the Marshall Stability Test?

‎ A test to evaluate the strength, flow, and durability of asphalt mixes.

@etconp
โค17๐Ÿ‘6
๐Ÿ‘‰Caterpillar แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆฐแŠ˜แ‹ แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แˆ›แˆฝแАแˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠ แˆแˆซแ‰ฝ แ‹ตแˆญแŒ…แ‰ต แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆฝแŠจแˆญแŠซแˆชแ‹Žแ‰น แˆ‹แ‹ญ AI Automation แˆ˜แŒแŒ แˆ แˆ˜แŒ€แˆ˜แˆฉแŠ• แŠ แˆตแ‰ณแ‹แ‰‹แˆแข

"Cat AI Assistant" แ‹จแˆšแˆ แˆตแ‹ซแˆœ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆฐแŒ แ‹ แ‹ญแˆ… แˆฒแˆตแ‰ฐแˆ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆฐแˆซแ‹ Jetson Thor แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆฐแŠ˜ แ‹จNvidia physical AI แŠ แˆ›แŠซแŠแАแ‰ต แАแ‹แข

แŠจแŒแ‹™แ‰ แ‹จAI Hardware แŠ แˆแˆซแ‰ฝ แ‹ตแˆญแŒ…แ‰ต NVidia แŒ‹แˆญ แ‰ แˆ˜แ‰ฐแ‰ฃแ‰ แˆญ แˆ˜แŠซแŠจแˆˆแŠ› แˆ˜แŒ แŠ• แ‰ฃแˆ‹แ‰ต CAT 306 CR Mini แŠคแŠญแˆตแŠซแ‰ซแ‰ฐแˆญ แ‰ แˆ˜แŒแŒ แˆ แˆˆแŠฅแ‹ญแ‰ณ แŠ แ‰ฅแ‰…แ‰ทแˆแข

แ‰  Caterpillar แ‹จ DataแŠ“ AI แˆแŠญแ‰ตแˆ แ•แˆฌแ‹˜แ‹ณแŠ•แ‰ต แ‹จแˆ†แАแ‹ Brandon Hootman แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแ‰ฐแŠ“แŒˆแˆจแ‹ CAT AI assistance แ‹จแˆ›แˆฝแŠ• แŠฆแ•แˆฌแ‰ฐแˆฉแŠ• แŒฅแ‹ซแ‰„แ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆˆแˆตแฃ แ‹จแ‹ฐแˆ…แŠ•แАแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆจแŒƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆ˜แˆตแŒ แ‰ตแฃแˆตแˆซแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆ›แ‰€แ‹ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆแˆ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ซแ‹ฉ แ‹จแˆณแ‹ญแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆจแŒƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แˆ˜แˆฐแ‰ฅแˆฐแ‰ฅ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต project แˆแŠ• แ‹ซแŠญแˆ แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แŠฅแ‰ƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแˆแˆแŒ‰แ‰ต calculate แˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แ‹ญแ‰ฝแˆ‹แˆแข

@etconp
โค12๐Ÿ‘Œ4๐Ÿ‘2
แ‰ณแˆแˆซแ‰ต แ•แˆŒแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แŒ„ แ‰ฆแˆแ‰ต แŠ แ‰…แˆซแ‰ข

โœ…แ‹จแˆแŠ•แˆฐแŒฃแ‰ธแ‹ แŠ แŒˆแˆแŒแˆŽแ‰ถแ‰ฝ

๐Ÿ”… แ•แˆŒแ‰ต any Size & thickness
๐Ÿ”… แŒ„ แ‰ฆแˆแ‰ต (แŒฅแˆญแˆต แˆ›แ‹‰แŒฃแ‰ตแŠ“ แˆ›แŒ แ)

๐Ÿ”… แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ซแ‹ฉ  [modefic] แˆตแˆซแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แˆฐแˆซแˆˆแŠ•แข

โ™ฆ๏ธ แˆ›แŠ•แŠ›แ‹‰แŠ•แˆ แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ณ แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แŒˆแ‹›แˆˆแŠ•แข

โ˜Ž๏ธแˆตแˆแŠญ 0904040477 แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ 0911016833 แ‹ฐแ‹แˆˆแ‹ แ‹ซแŒแŠ™แŠ•
๐Ÿ“ฑแ‰ดแˆŒแŒแˆซแˆ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แฆhttps://t.me/heavenic1

แŠ แ‹ตแˆซแˆปแฆ  แ‰ 1.แˆ˜แˆญแŠซแ‰ถ
                แ‰.2 แŠ แ‹จแˆญ แŒคแŠ“  แŠชแ‹ณแА แˆแˆ…แˆจแ‰ต
                 แ‰.3 แ‰„แˆซ

แŒฅแˆซแ‰ตแŠ“ แ‰ณแˆ›แŠแАแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆˆแ‹ซแ‰ฝแŠ• แАแ‹แข
แ‰ณแˆแˆซแ‰ต แ•แˆŒแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แŒ„ แ‰ฆแˆแ‰ต แŠ แ‰…แˆซแ‰ข
โค2
๐Ÿ‘‰Building Finishes, Services Coordination & Defect Management (Practical & Technical)

‎1. Why are building finishes important in construction projects?

‎They protect structural elements, improve durability, functionality, and enhance aesthetics.
‎
‎2. What checks are required before starting plastering works?

‎Surface cleaning, alignment check, proper curing of masonry, service concealment completion, and approval.
‎
‎3. What is the standard thickness of internal and external plaster?

‎Internal: 12โ€“15 mm
‎External: 15โ€“20 mm (often in two coats).
‎
‎4. What causes cracks in plaster and how are they controlled?

‎Shrinkage, poor mix, improper curing, and thermal movement; controlled by proper mix, curing, and mesh at junctions.
‎
‎5. What is the purpose of expansion or control joints in buildings?

‎To accommodate movement and prevent random cracking.
‎
‎6. What checks are required before floor screeding?

‎Surface cleanliness, level marking, correct slope, service completion, and material approval.
‎
‎7. What is the recommended screed thickness for building floors?

‎Typically 40โ€“50 mm for bonded screed unless otherwise specified.
‎
‎8. What are the key quality checks for tiling works?

‎Tile alignment, joint spacing, level, slope to drain, adhesive coverage, and grout quality.
‎
‎9. What causes tile debonding or hollow sound?

‎Poor surface preparation, insufficient adhesive, movement, or moisture ingress.
‎
‎10. What is waterproofing and where is it critical in buildings?
‎
Protection against water penetration; critical in toilets, kitchens, roofs, basements, and balconies.
‎
‎11. What are common waterproofing systems used in buildings?

‎Cementitious coating, bituminous membrane, liquid-applied membranes, and PVC membranes.
‎
‎12. What tests are conducted after waterproofing application?

‎Flood (ponding) test for 24โ€“72 hours and visual inspection.
‎
‎13. What coordination checks are required between civil and MEP works?

‎Pipe routing, sleeves, conduits, access panels, and service clearances.
‎
‎14. What is snag list in building projects?

‎A documented list of defects and incomplete works prepared before handover.
‎
‎15. What is rectification period?

‎The time allowed to correct identified defects before final acceptance.
‎
‎16. What are common finishing defects in buildings?

‎Uneven plaster, paint peeling, leakage, cracked tiles, and misaligned fixtures.
‎
‎17. How do you manage defects during finishing stage?

‎Inspection, documentation, assignment, rectification, and re-inspection.
‎
‎18. What documents are required for final building handover?

‎As-built drawings, test reports, warranties, O&M manuals, and completion certificate.
‎
‎19. What is preventive maintenance in building projects?

‎Planned inspections and minor repairs to extend service life.
‎
‎20. What records should be maintained for building finishes and defects?

‎Inspection reports, snag lists, rectification logs, test results, and handover documents.
‎
@etconp
โค18๐Ÿ‘4๐Ÿ‘1
๐Ÿ‘‰แŒ แ‰…แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆšแŠ’แˆตแ‰ตแˆญ แ‹แ‰ขแ‹ญ แŠ แˆ•แˆ˜แ‹ต (แ‹ถ/แˆญ) แ‹จแ‰ขแˆพแแ‰ฑ แ‹“แˆˆแˆ แŠ แ‰€แ แŠ แ‹แˆฎแ•แˆ‹แŠ• แˆ›แˆจแŠแ‹ซ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณแŠ• แ‹›แˆฌ แŒฅแˆญ 2 แ‰€แŠ• 2018 แ‹“.แˆ แ‰ แ‹ญแ‹ แˆตแˆซ แŠ แˆตแŒ€แˆ˜แˆฉแข

๐Ÿšงแˆตแˆˆ แ‰ขแˆพแแ‰ฑ แŠ แˆˆแˆแŠ แ‰€แ แŠ แ‹แˆฎแ•แˆ‹แŠ• แˆ›แˆจแŠแ‹ซ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆแŠ• แ‹ซแˆ…แˆ แ‹ซแ‹แ‰ƒแˆ‰?

๐Ÿ’ซแ‹จแˆ˜แŒ€แˆ˜แˆชแ‹ซแ‹ แˆแ‹•แˆซแ แ‹จแŠ แ‹แˆฎแ•แˆ‹แŠ• แˆ›แˆจแŠแ‹ซ แˆฅแˆซ แ‰ แŠ แˆ˜แ‰ต 60 แˆšแˆŠแ‹ฎแŠ• แ‰ฐแŒ“แ‹ฆแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹จแˆ›แˆตแ‰ฐแŠ“แŒˆแ‹ต แŠ แ‰…แˆ แŠ แˆˆแ‹‰

๐Ÿ’ซแŠจแŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แŠ แ‰ แ‰ฃ แ‹ฐแ‰กแ‰ฅ แˆแˆตแˆซแ‰… 40 แŠชแˆŽแˆœแ‰ตแˆญ แŠ แŠซแ‰ฃแ‰ข แ‰ แˆแ‰ตแŒˆแŠ˜แ‹แŠ“ 1910 แˆœแ‰ตแˆญ แŠจแแ‰ณ แ‰ฃแˆ‹แ‰ต แ‰ขแˆพแแ‰ฑ แŠจแ‰ฐแˆ› แ‹ญแŒˆแАแ‰ฃแˆ

๐Ÿ’ซแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณแ‹‰ แˆฒแŒ แŠ“แ‰€แ‰… แŠ แแˆชแŠซแŠ• แŠจแŠ แˆˆแˆ แ‰€แ‹ณแˆš แ‹จแŠ แ‹จแˆญ แ‰ตแˆซแŠ•แˆตแ–แˆญแ‰ต แˆ˜แАแŠปแˆชแ‹ซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ท แ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‹แ‰ณแˆ

๐Ÿ’ซแˆƒแŒˆแˆชแ‰ฑ แ‰ แŠ แˆ˜แ‰ต 110 แˆšแˆŠแ‹ฎแŠ• แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ฐแŠžแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹จแˆ›แˆตแ‰ฐแŠ“แŒˆแ‹ต แŠ แ‰…แˆ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ตแ‰ตแ‹ฐแˆญแˆต แ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‹แˆ

๐Ÿ’ซแ‰ขแˆพแแ‰ฑ แˆˆแŠ แ‹แˆฎแ•แˆ‹แŠ–แ‰ฝ แˆฅแˆซ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆ˜แ‰ธ แŠจแ‰ฃแ‰ข แŠ แˆ‹แ‰ต

๐Ÿ’ซแˆ˜แ‹ณแˆจแˆปแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆ‹แ‹ฐแˆจแŒ‰แˆ แˆ†แА แˆˆแ‰ตแˆซแŠ•แ‹šแ‰ต แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ฐแŠžแ‰ฝ แ‰ฅแ‰ แˆแŠ”แ‰ณ แ‹ซแˆ‹แ‰ต แŠจแ‰ฐแˆ› แŠ“แ‰ต

๐Ÿ’ซแ‰ แŠ แแˆชแŠซ แ‰ณแˆชแŠญ แ‰ตแˆแ‰ แ‹จแŠ แ‹จแˆญ แ‰ตแˆซแŠ•แˆตแ–แˆญแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆ แˆจแ‰ฐ แˆแˆ›แ‰ต แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ต แ‹ญแˆ†แŠ“แˆ

๐Ÿ’ซแŠจแАแ‰ฃแˆฉ แ‹จแŠ แ‹จแˆญ แ‰ตแˆซแŠ•แˆตแ–แˆญแ‰ต แˆแŠ…แ‹ณแˆญ แŒ‹แˆญ แ‰ แ‰€แˆ‹แˆ‰ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆƒแ‹ฐ แŠ แˆ แˆซแˆญ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแŠ–แˆญ แˆแ‰น แˆแŠ”แ‰ณ แ‹ญแˆแŒฅแˆซแˆ

๐Ÿ’ซแ‰ฆแˆŒ แŠ แˆˆแˆแŠ แ‰€แ แŠ แ‹แˆฎแ•แˆ‹แŠ• แˆ›แˆจแŠแ‹ซ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ 25 แˆšแˆŠแ‹ฎแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแŒ แŒ‰ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ฐแŠžแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แŠ แˆ˜แ‰ต แ‹จแˆ›แˆตแ‰ฐแŠ“แŒˆแ‹ต แŠ แ‰…แˆ™ แŠ แˆˆแ‹‰

๐Ÿ’ซแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซแŠ• แ‹จแ‹ˆแ‹ฐแŠแ‰ท แ‹จแŠ แแˆชแŠซ แŒแˆแ‰ฃแˆญ แ‰€แ‹ฐแˆ แ‹จแŠ แ‹จแˆญ แ‰ตแˆซแŠ•แˆตแ–แˆญแ‰ต แ‰ แˆญ แ‹จแˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แŠ แˆ‹แˆ›แŠ• แ‹ซแАแŒˆแ‰  แАแ‹

๐Ÿ’ซแŠจแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆ€แŒˆแˆซแ‹Š แ‹จแŠขแŠฎแŠ–แˆš แˆชแŽแˆญแˆแฃ แ‹จแŠขแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆตแ‰ตแˆช แˆ›แˆตแ‹แŠแ‹ซ แŠ แŒ€แŠ•แ‹ณ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹จแˆจแŒ…แˆ แ‹˜แˆ˜แŠ• แ‹จแŠ แ‰ชแ‹จแˆฝแŠ• แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแ‰ดแŒ‚ แŒ‹แˆญ แ‹จแ‰ฐแŠ“แ‰ แ‰  แАแ‹

๐Ÿ’ซแ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ฑ แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แŠ แ‹จแˆญ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ตแŠ• แŠ แˆˆแˆแŠ แ‰€แ แ‰ฐแ‹ˆแ‹ณแ‹ณแˆชแАแ‰ต แ‹ซแŒ แŠ“แŠญแˆซแˆ

๐Ÿ’ซแ‰ AfCFTA แˆ›แˆ…แ‰€แ แ‹จแŠ แแˆชแŠซแŠ• แ‹จแˆ›แŒˆแŠ“แŠ˜แ‰ต แŠ แ‰…แˆ แ‹ญแŒจแˆแˆซแˆ

๐Ÿ’ซแ‹จแŠ•แŒแ‹ต แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ฑแˆชแ‹แˆ แŠฎแˆชแ‹ฐแˆฎแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹ซแˆฐแ‹แˆ

๐Ÿ’ซแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซแŠ•แˆ แ‰€แ‹ณแˆš แ‹จแ‰ แ‹ญแА แŠ แŠ…แŒ‰แˆญ แˆ›แ‹•แŠจแˆ แ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‹แ‰ณแˆแข

@etconp
โค10๐Ÿ‘6
๐Ÿ‘‰4 แŠคแŠญแˆตแŠซแ‰ซแ‰ฐแˆญ แŠชแˆซแ‹ญ แŠฅแŠ•แˆแˆแŒ‹แˆˆแŠ•

๐Ÿ“แŠฃแˆถแˆณ แˆˆ แ‹ˆแˆญแ‰… แ‰แ‹แˆฎ

๐Ÿ“žแˆˆแ‰ แˆˆแŒ  แˆ˜แˆจแŒƒ แ‰  0912261146 แ‹ญแ‹ฐแ‹แˆ‰๐Ÿ™

@etconp
โค4๐Ÿ‘1
Media is too big
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
๐Ÿ‘‰แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณแ‹ แ‹จแ‰ฐแŒ€แˆ˜แˆจแ‹ แ‹จแ‰ขแˆพแแ‰ฑ แ‹“แˆˆแˆ แŠ แ‰€แ แŠ แ‹แˆฎแ•แˆ‹แŠ• แˆ›แˆจแŠแ‹ซ แˆฒแŒ แŠ“แ‰€แ‰… แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ• แ‹ญแˆ˜แˆตแˆ‹แˆโค

#ethiopianairlines #NewAirport

@etconp
โค16๐Ÿ”ฅ1
3120. In the analysis of Trusses, the Method of Sections is preferable over the Method of
Joints when:
Anonymous Quiz
33%
(a) all forces are zero
25%
(b) only a few specific member forces are needed
14%
(c) the structure is unstable
28%
(d) all member forces are required
๐Ÿ‘4๐Ÿ‘1
3119. Which of the following is NOT a factor used in determining the design strength of a compression member in accordance with limit state design method?
Anonymous Quiz
32%
(a) The materialโ€™s ultimate strength
25%
(b) The effective length factor
29%
(c) The moment of inertia
15%
(d) The cross-sectional area
๐Ÿ”ฅ5๐Ÿ‘2โค1
3117. Which of the following type of tension member is not mainly used in modern practice?
Anonymous Quiz
20%
(a) Single angles
40%
(b) Flat bars
17%
(c) Double angles
23%
(d) Circular section
๐ŸŽ‰3
Introduction to Construction Scheduling with Ms Project 2016 - Building Amaster schedule.
https://youtu.be/JbPplB8jNHw

แ‹จMs Project 2016 แ‹จแˆตแˆแŒ แŠ“ แ‰ชแ‹ตแ‹ฎ Part l แ‰ YouTube แŒˆแƒแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‰‹แˆแข
#MsProject2016 #Constructionscheduling
โค5๐Ÿ”ฅ2๐Ÿ‘1
โค3๐Ÿ‘3