ላለፉት ግማሽ ምዕተ ዓመታት የገነባናቸው ከተሞች የሚያቀራርቡን ሳይሆኑ እርስ በርሳችን የሚያራርቁን ናቸው።

​የሰው ልጅ  "የከተማ መስፋፋት" (Urban Sprawl)    ተጽእኖ ስር ወድቆ የተሸነፈ  ይመስላል። ይህም መስፋፋት   በመኪና ላይ ጥገኛ የሆነና የተበታተነ መልክዓ ምድር ሲሆን፣ ይህ አኗኗራችን አንዲት ዳቦን ለመግዛት ብቻ በሁለት ቶን የብረት ሳጥን (መኪና) ውስጥ ከመኖርያ ቦታችን ተነስተን ሦስት ኪሎሜትር  እንድንጓዝ አስገድዶናል።

​ይህ የኪን-ህንፃ እነ ስነከተማ ውድቀት ብቻ አይደለም፤ ጥልቅ ማህበራዊ እና አካባቢያዊ ውድቀትም ጭምር እንጂ።

መልካሙ ዜና ግን ምን ማድረግ እንዳለብን የምናውቅ ሲሆን ፣ ሁሉም የስነከተማ ማስተካከያ መሳሪያዎችም በእጃችን ይገኛሉ፡-

​✅ ከተበታተነ ወደ ተጠጋጋ (Compactness)
መስፋፋት የተገለሉ የቤት "ደሴቶችን" ይሰጠናል። መቀራረብ ግን ቢያንስ በካሬ ኪሎ ሜትር 15,000 ሰዎች የሚኖሩበት የተቀናጀ የከተማ ቅርጽ ይሰጠናል። ይህም የአካባቢ ሱቆች እና የሕዝብ ትራንስፖርት ውጤታማ እንዲሆኑ ያደርጋል።

​✅ ከረጅም ጉዞ ወደ እግር ጉዞ
በአሮጌው ሞዴል የረጅም መንገድ ተጓዦች እስረኞች ነን። በአዲሱ ሞዴል ግን የዕለት ተዕለት ፍላጎቶችዎ ከ5 እስከ 15 ደቂቃ የእግር ጉዞ ውስጥ ይሟላሉ—ይህም "የቤት-ሥራ-አገልግሎት" ሶስት ማዕዘንን (Home-Work-Service triangle)ያነቃቃል።

​✅ ከአንድ አገልግሎት ወደ ተቀናጀ ሕይወት (Mixed-Vibrancy)
አኗኗራችንን  በ ተለያዩ "ቀጠናዎች" መካከል መከፋፈል ማቆም አለብን። የመኖሪያ፣ የንግድ እና የሕዝብ ቦታዎችን በመቀላቀል፣ በቀን 24 ሰዓት ደህንነታቸው የተጠበቀ እና ንቁ የሆኑ ጎዳናዎችን እንፈጥራለን።

​✅ በመኪና ከመመካት ወደ ምሉዕ ጎዳናዎች
የመስፋፋት ዘይቤ ለተሽከርካሪ  አውራ ጎዳናዎች ቅድሚያን ይሰጣል፤ የመቀራረብ ዘይቤ ግን ለሰው ልጅ ቅድሚያ በመስጠት ለእግር ጉዞ፣ ለብስክሌት እና ለቅርብ ግንኙነቶች አስተማማኝ መንገዶችን ያዘጋጃል።

​✅ ከጥቃት ተጋላጭነት ወደ ጽናት (Resilience)
የከተማ መስፋፋት ተፈጥሮን ይውጣል። መቀራረብ ግን ተፈጥሮን ከሰፈር ጋር ያዋህዳል፤ ይህም በመስፋፋት ምክንያት የሚመጣውን ሙቀትና የጎርፍ አደጋ ለመቀነስ ይረዳል።
​
Via UN-HABITAT

@etconp

Great news for tech lovers!

Free Data Analytics and Visualization Training

We’re excited to announce a powerful collaborative training between INFNOVA Technologies and Orange Digital Center Liberia 🚀

Join us for a 3 day intensive online training on Data Visualization and Analytics using Python, happening March 16–18, delivered in English and designed to equip you with practical, real world data skills.

If you want to turn data into insights, build analytical thinking, and strengthen your Python skills, this is your opportunity.

🗓 Registration Deadline: Saturday, March 14
🔗 Register here: https://forms.gle/odghyX3tfySUgCx19

🛣️  Rigid Road Construction Process Step By Step

Rigid road means a cement concrete pavement. It is strong and durable, used for highways and heavy traffic roads.

Step-by-Step

1.Site Survey & Marking
Alignment, levels, and road width are marked.

2.Excavation
Soil is removed to required depth.

3.Subgrade Preparation
Soil is compacted properly to provide a strong base.

4.Laying Sub-Base
Granular material (like crushed stone) is spread and compacted.

5.Formwork & Reinforcement
Side forms are fixed and steel bars/mesh placed (if required).

6.Concrete Mixing & Pouring
Cement concrete is poured on prepared surface.

7.Vibrating & Leveling
Vibrator removes air gaps and surface is leveled.

8.Joint Cutting & Finishing
Expansion and contraction joints are provided.

9.Curing
Water curing is done for 7–14 days to gain strength.

10.Opening to Traffic
After proper strength (usually 28 days), road is opened.

@etconp

👉Steps in Concrete Road Construction

1. Site Survey & Marking
- Survey the area and mark boundaries.
- Trench depth: 8–12 inches.

2. Excavation
- Dig the marked area using excavators.
- Trench width: 200–10 mm.

3. Laying Sub-Base
- Place sub-base material (gravel/sand).
- Compact for stability.

4. Placing Forms & Steel Reinforcement
- Install formwork.
- Lay steel reinforcement grids.

5. Mixing Concrete
- Prepare concrete at batching plant.
- Ensure correct mix ratio.

6. Pouring & Spreading Concrete
- Pour concrete from mixer truck.
- Spread evenly across the surface.

7. Vibrating, Leveling & Finishing
- Use vibrators to remove air voids.
- Level and finish the surface.

8. Joints & Texturing
- Cut expansion joints.
- Apply surface texturing for grip.

9. Curing Concrete
- Keep surface moist for strength gain.
- Road opened after curing period

🚧 Concrete Road Construction – Step by Step Process | Civil Tech Time 🏗️

Building a strong and durable concrete road requires proper planning, execution, and quality control at every stage. From site survey to final curing, each step plays a vital role in ensuring long-lasting performance and safety.

1️⃣ Site Survey & Marking
2️⃣ Excavation
3️⃣ Laying Sub-Base
4️⃣ Placing Forms & Steel Reinforcement
5️⃣ Mixing Concrete
6️⃣ Pouring & Spreading Concrete
7️⃣ Vibrating, Leveling & Finishing
8️⃣ Joints & Texturing
9️⃣ Curing Concrete

✔ Proper depth and alignment
✔ Strong sub-base preparation
✔ Correct reinforcement placement
✔ Proper vibration to avoid honeycombing
✔ Adequate curing for strength gain

A well-executed process = Stronger roads + Longer service life + Better safety 🚘

🏷Follow for more practical civil engineering knowledge and site execution tips!

🚧For more information click this Link Below And Subscribe Our YouTube Channel👇

https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG

@etconp

👉ስለ ትራምፕ ታወር (Trump Tower) 8 አስገራሚ እውነታዎች

• ትራምፕ ታወር በኒው ዮርክ ሲቲ ውስጥ በሚገኘውና በዓለም ላይ ካሉ ታዋቂና ውድ ጎዳናዎች አንዱ በሆነው በፊፍዝ አቬኑ ላይ ይገኛል።
• ትራምፕ ታወር 58 ፎቆች ያሉት ሲሆን፣ ቁመቱም ወደ 202 ሜትር (664 ጫማ) ገደማ ይረዝማል።
• የህንጻው ግንባታ በ1983 የተጠናቀቀ ሲሆን፣ ግንባታውን ያከናወነው ዶናልድ ትራምፕ በራሳቸው ድርጅት "ዘ ትራምፕ ኦርጋናይዜሽን" (The Trump Organization) አማካኝነት ነው።
• ለተለያዩ አገልግሎቶች የሚውል ህንጻ፦ ህንጻው የቅንጦት አፓርታማዎችን፣ ቢሮዎችን፣ ምግብ ቤቶችንና የገበያ ሱቆችን በአንድ ላይ የያዘ ነው። የታችኞቹ ፎቆች ለሕዝብ ክፍት የሆኑ የገበያ ቦታዎች አሏቸው።

ልዩ ገጽታዎች
• ማራኪ የማርብል ግቢ (Atrium)፦ ህንጻው በሮዝ ማርብል (pink marble) የተሸለመ፣ የቤት ውስጥ ፏፏቴዎችና ተንቀሳቃሽ ደረጃዎች (Escalators) ያሉት ባለ 6 ፎቅ ማራኪ ግቢ አለው።
• በወርቅ የተለበጠ የውስጥ ማስጌጫ፦ የህንጻው ብዙ ክፍሎች፣ በተለይም የዶናልድ ትራምፕ የግል መኖሪያ፣ በወርቅ የተለበጡ ጌጣጌጦች፣ የማርብል ወለሎችና ውድ የክሪስታል መብራቶች (Chandeliers) ያሉበት ነው።
• የቅንጦት የገበያ ስፍራ፦ የታችኞቹ ፎቆች ከፍተኛ ጥራት ያላቸውን የገበያ ሱቆችና ካፌዎችን የያዙ በመሆናቸው፣ ወደ ኒው ዮርክ የሚመጡ በርካታ ቱሪስቶችንና ገበያተኞችን ይስባሉ።

• ከፍተኛ ጥበቃና ልዩ መኖሪያዎች፦ ህንጻው ከፍተኛ ጥበቃ የሚደረግለትና ለሀብታም ነዋሪዎች ብቻ የተከለሉ የመኖሪያ ፎቆች ያሉት በመሆኑ፣ በከተማዋ ካሉ ታዋቂና ውድ የቅንጦት መኖሪያዎች አንዱ ነው።

🏷የ YouTube ገፃችን ለመቀላቀል ከታች ባለው ሊንክ በመግባት SubScribe አርገው ቤተሰብ ይሁኑ👇

https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG
‎
‎@etconp

👉 INTERCON Construction Chemicals 

● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat
● Concrete Repair Mortar
● Floor hardener, Epoxy
● Grout, Self-level mortar
● Quartz paint, Contextra
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers 
● Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials

☎️ Tel: 0961955555

🔹 Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital

🔹 Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza

👉አንድ የስራ ተቆጣጣሪ መሃንድስ የኮለን ኮንክሪት ከመሞላቱ በፊት ፎርምወርክ ስራው ላይ መሟላታቸውን ማረጋገጥ የሚገባው መሰረታዊ ነጥቦች

⓵. ጥብቅ መሆኑን/Formwork rigidity

📌የተዘጋጀው ፎርምወርክ የራሱን ክብደት/self weight/፣የብረቱን ክብደት፣የርጥብ ኮንክሪቱን ክብደት፣ የኮንክሪት ሰራተኞች፣ የንፋስ ግፊት፣ የስራ መሳሪያዎችና ሌሎች ሊያጋጥሙ የሚችሉ ጫናዎችን የሚቋቋም ሆኖ በቂ ጥንካሬ ኖሮት መሰራቱን ማረጋገጥ የመጀመሪያ ስራ ይሆናል።

📌ክሬቸሪና ስታንጋ በትክክል መመታቱንና በቂ ጥንካሬ ኖሮት vibrator ስንጠቀም ግፊት መቋቋም እንድችልና ከቦታው እንዳይሸሽ በአራቱም አቅጣጫ መወጠሪያ መኖሩን አርማታ ከመሞላቱ በፊት ማረጋገጥ
📌 ፎርም ወርክ መገጣጠሚያ ላይ ክፍተት ካለ አርማታ ስሞላ በክፍተቱ ቫይብሬተር ስንጠቀም መረቅ ወደ ውጭ እንዳይፈስ በሸራ ወይንም በለላ ነገር ክፍተት መደፈኑን ማረጋገጥ

⓶.የፎርምወርክ ጥራት/Quality of formwork material/

📌ለፎርምወርክ ስራ ጥቅም ላይ የዋለው እቃ ያልተጣመመ፣ ያላበጠና ያልጎበጠ ፣ወጥነት ያለው ፣ያልተቀደደና ጥሩ ጥንካሬና የመሸከም አቅም ያለው መሆኑን ማረጋገጥ ሌላ አስፈላጊ ስራ ነው::

⓷.አቀባዊ ሊኛ/Vertical alignment/

📌የተዘጋጀው ኮለን ፎርምወርክ ዲዛይኑ እንደሚጠይቀው ልክ በሚገባ ወደላይ ቀጥ ማለቱን ማረጋገጥ አለበት።

⓸.አግድም ሊኛ/Horizontal alignment/

📌የተዘጋጀው ኮለን ፎርምወርክ ዲዛይኑ እንደሚጠይቀው ከሌሎች ኮለኖች አንጻር ያለው አቀማመጥ፣ ከታወቀ መነሻ በሚገባ ወጥነት ያለው ሆኖ መቀመጡን ማረጋገጥ አለበት።

@etconp

ታምራት  ፕሌት እና ጄቦልት አቅራቢ

📌ፕሌትና ጄቦልት በፈለጉት አይነት የተዘጋጀ አለን

📍ኢትዮጵያ ዉስጥ የትም እንልክሎታለን

0904040477
0911016833

👉In Construction How can blueprint drawings be easily read during construction?

🚧blueprint drawing, the first step is to look at the title block / the project title, legend / key for project overviews and symbols, then understand the scales and verify the accuracy of our project's dimensions.
‎
🏷Other Like plan, elevation, section views and various details / structures from many components, looking at them, analyzing the construction details, specifications for materials / and other notes is essential. I will explain more below.
‎
‎1) Understand the basics:

‎a) Project Title / Title Block: - The project name, north direction / Northing, date, scale, and the name of the architect or engineer. This provides a general overview of the drawing.
‎
‎ For / LEGEND / Key: - This is important for controlling the symbols, lines, and abbreviations used throughout the blueprint; each symbol helps to read different components or hidden drawing elements.
‎
‎b) Scale: Blueprints are not full size, so the scale on the drawing represents the ratio between the drawing and the real-world object; an accurate scale is necessary to interpret the blueprint correctly.
‎c) Notes and Specifications: - These provide specific instructions related to certain symbols, permits, and construction stages, helping to evaluate issues if not properly adjusted.
‎
‎2) Analyze the views:
‎
‎a) Plan View: The top-down view shows the layout of addresses, rooms, and other parts on one level.
‎b) Elevation View: This method is used to show the exterior or interior view of the building from one side (e.g., bottom view, front view, left view, top view, and rear view).
‎c) Section View: Shows what the building looks like if cut open by a vertical or horizontal slice.

This reveals the internal structure and how different parts connect.
‎
@etconp

👉What is the responsibility of Office Engineer on Building Construction

1. The Pre-Construction Pillar (Estimation & Procurement)
Before a single shovel hits the ground, the Office Engineer is deep in the numbers. They translate the abstract architectural vision into a shopping list.
* Quantity Take-offs: Using structural drawings to calculate the exact volume of materials required (V = \sum(Area \times Depth)).
* Procurement Logs: Tracking long-lead items. If a specialized glass facade takes 16 weeks to manufacture, the Office Engineer must ensure the order is placed at least 18 weeks before it's needed on-site.
* Subcontractor Vetting: Reviewing technical bids to ensure the plumbing or electrical contractor actually has the capacity to do the work specified.
2. The Active Construction Pillar (Change Management)
Once construction starts, the Office Engineer becomes the "Gatekeeper of Information."
* Managing RFIs (Request for Information): When the site crew finds a conflict (e.g., a structural beam blocking a ventilation duct), the Office Engineer drafts a formal RFI to the architect asking for a solution.
* Shop Drawing Review: They check the detailed drawings provided by fabricators (like steel trusses) against the original architectural plans to ensure they match perfectly before fabrication begins.
* Progress Documentation: They compile "Daily Logs" into "Monthly Progress Reports" for the client, often including photos and percentage-complete metrics.
3. The Financial Pillar (Cost Control & Closeout)
This is where the Office Engineer protects the company's profit margin.
* Valuations & IPCs: They prepare the Interim Payment Certificate. This involves proving to the client that "40% of the 2nd-floor slab is poured," therefore "X amount of dollars" should be released.
* Variation Orders (VOs): If the client decides to change a wall color or move a door, the Office Engineer calculates the extra cost and time, ensuring the contractor is paid for the additional work.
* As-Built Drawings: At the end of the project, they update the original blueprints to reflect exactly how the building was constructed (including any field changes), creating a final record for the owner.
Key Deliverables
An Office Engineer’s success is measured by the quality of their Documentation Trail:
* Transmittals: Records of every document sent or received.
* Material Submittals: Approved samples of every tile, paint, and pipe used.
* Payment Applications: The formal request for money based on verified work.
> The Reality: While a Site Engineer deals with the "physical" gravity of the building, the Office Engineer deals with the "legal" gravity. If a document isn't signed or a change isn't tracked, the project loses money—regardless of how well the building stands.

@etconp

👉በአገራችን የግንባታ ኮንትራት ስርዓት መሠረት (በተለምዶ በ Public Procurement and Property Authority መመሪያዎች እና በ Ethiopian Public Procurement Proclamation No. 649/2009 የመሠረተ ልማት) በግንባታ ፕሮጀክቶች ውስጥ የስራ መጠን ለውጦች፣ ክፍያዎች እና የኮንትራክተር አፈፃፀምን ለመቆጣጠር ብዙ የኮንትራት ቃላት ይጠቀማል።

🏷ከእነዚህ ዋና ዋና ቃላት የሚከተሉት ናቸው።

1. ኦሚሽን (Omission)

ትርጉም
ኦሚሽን ማለት በኮንትራቱ ውስጥ የተጠቀሰ አንድ የስራ ክፍል ወይም እቃ ከፕሮጀክቱ ውስጥ መወገድ ማለት ነው።

ዓላማ
✅ የፕሮጀክቱ ዲዛይን ሲቀየር
✅ የበጀት ጉዳይ ሲኖር
✅ አንዳንድ ስራዎች አስፈላጊ ካልሆኑ

ባህሪያት
✅ በ Variation Order ይፈፀማል
✅ ኮንትራክተሩ ለተወገደው ስራ ክፍያ አይጠይቅም
✅ የኮንትራት ዋጋ ይቀንሳል

ምሳሌ
10 km የውሃ መስመር ለመጫን ተወስኖ ነበር።
በኋላ 2 km አስፈላጊ አይደለም ተብሎ ከፕሮጀክቱ ተወገደ።

2. አዲሽን (Addition / Extra Work)

ትርጉም
አዲሽን ማለት ከመጀመሪያ ኮንትራት በኋላ የሚጨመር አዲስ ስራ ወይም የስራ መጠን መጨመር ነው።

ዓላማ
✅ ዲዛይን እንዲሟላ ያደርጋል
✅ የፕሮጀክቱ ጥራት እንዲሻሻል ይጠቅማል

ባህሪያት
✅ በኢንጅነር ወይም በባለቤት ይፀድቃል
✅ በ Variation Order ይመዘገባል
✅ ኮንትራክተሩ ተጨማሪ ክፍያ ይቀበላል

የክፍያ መንገዶች
✅ የኮንትራቱን ዋጋ መጠቀም
✅ አዲስ ዋጋ መወሰን
✅ Daywork መጠቀም

3. ቫሪዬሽን ኦርደር (Variation Order)

ትርጉም
ቫሪዬሽን ኦርደር ማለት በኮንትራቱ ውስጥ ያለውን የስራ መጠን ወይም ዲዛይን ለመቀየር የሚሰጥ መደበኛ ትእዛዝ ነው።

ዓይነቶች
✅ ስራ መጨመር
✅ ስራ መቀነስ
✅ ዲዛይን መቀየር
✅ የእቃ አይነት መቀየር

ዋና ነጥቦች
✅ በመደበኛ ሁኔታ መፀደቅ አለበት
✅ የኮንትራቱ ዋጋ ሊጨምር ወይም ሊቀንስ ይችላል
✅ የጊዜ ማራዘሚያ ሊያስፈልግ ይችላል

ፎርሙላ
New Contract Price = Original Price ± Variation Value

4. ቦነስ (Bonus)

ትርጉም
ቦነስ ማለት ኮንትራክተሩ ፕሮጀክቱን ከተወሰነው ጊዜ በፊት ካጠናቀቀ የሚሰጥ ተጨማሪ ክፍያ ነው።

ዓላማ
✅ ፕሮጀክቱ በፍጥነት እንዲጠናቀቅ
✅ የመዘግየት አደጋ እንዲቀንስ

ምሳሌ
Bonus = 40,000 Birr / day
ቀደም ብሎ 10 ቀን ካጠናቀቀ
Bonus = 40,000 × 10 = 400,000 Birr

5. ፔናልቲ (Penalty / Liquidated Damage)

ትርጉም
ፔናልቲ ማለት ኮንትራክተሩ ፕሮጀክቱን በተወሰነው ጊዜ ካልጨረሰ የሚቀነስ ገንዘብ ነው።

ዓላማ
✅ የባለቤቱን ኪሳራ ለመከላከል
✅ ኮንትራክተሮች በጊዜ እንዲጨርሱ

ፎርሙላ
Penalty = Contract Price × Penalty Rate × Delay Days

ምሳሌ
Contract Price = 50,000,000 Birr
Penalty Rate = 0.1%
Delay = 20 days
Penalty = 50,000,000 × 0.001 × 20
Penalty = 1,000,000 Birr

6. የጊዜ ማራዘሚያ (Extension of Time – EOT)

ትርጉም
የጊዜ ማራዘሚያ ማለት ኮንትራክተሩ በማይቆጣጠሩ ምክንያቶች ሲዘገይ ተጨማሪ ጊዜ መስጠት ነው።

ምክንያቶች
✅ ከባድ ዝናብ
✅ ጎርፍ
✅ የዲዛይን ለውጥ
✅ የክፍያ መዘግየት
✅ የጥሬ እቃዎች እጥረት

7. የዋጋ ለውጥ (Price Escalation)

ትርጉም
የዋጋ ለውጥ ማለት የስራ እቃ፣ ሰራተኛ ወይም ነዳጅ ዋጋ ሲጨምር የኮንትራቱ ክፍያ መቀየር ነው።

ፎርሙላ
Pn = Po × (a + b(Ln/Lo) + c(Mn/Mo) + d(Fn/Fo))

8. ሪቴንሽን ገንዘብ (Retention Money)

ትርጉም
ሪቴንሽን ገንዘብ ማለት ከኮንትራክተሩ ክፍያ ውስጥ የሚቀነስ ገንዘብ ሲሆን የስራ ጥራት ለማረጋገጥ ይጠቀማል።

በተለምዶ
✅ 5% – 10% ይቀነሳል
መመለሻ
✅ 50% ስራ ሲጠናቀቅ
✅ 50% ከ Defects Liability Period በኋላ

9. የጉድለት ኃላፊነት ጊዜ (Defects Liability Period)

ትርጉም
ፕሮጀክቱ ከተጠናቀቀ በኋላ ኮንትራክተሩ የሚታዩ ጉድለቶችን በራሱ ወጪ የሚያስተካክልበት ጊዜ ነው።

የተለመደ ጊዜ
✅ 6 ወር
✅ 12 ወር

ምሳሌ ጉድለቶች
✅ የኮንክሪት ስንጥቅ
✅ የውሃ ፍሳሽ
✅ የመንገድ መውደቅ

10. ፐርፎርማንስ ቦንድ (Performance Bond)

ትርጉም
ፐርፎርማንስ ቦንድ ማለት ኮንትራክተሩ ስራውን እንደሚፈጽም የሚሰጥ የገንዘብ ዋስትና ነው።

በተለምዶ
✅ 10% የኮንትራት ዋጋ

11. አድቫንስ ክፍያ (Advance Payment)

ትርጉም
አድቫንስ ክፍያ ማለት ስራ ከመጀመሩ በፊት ለኮንትራክተሩ የሚሰጥ የመጀመሪያ ክፍያ ነው።

በተለምዶ
✅ 10% – 20% የኮንትራት ዋጋ

ዓላማ
✅ መሳሪያ ለመግዛት
✅ ሰራተኞችን ለመከፈል
✅ ስራ ለመጀመር

12. ኢንተሪም ክፍያ (Interim Payment Certificate – IPC)

ትርጉም
ኢንተሪም ክፍያ ማለት በፕሮጀክት ሂደት ውስጥ ለተጠናቀቀ ስራ በየወሩ የሚሰጥ ክፍያ ነው።

ፎርሙላ
Payment = Work Done − Retention − Previous Payments

13. የመጨረሻ ክፍያ (Final Payment Certificate)

ትርጉም
የመጨረሻ ክፍያ ማለት ፕሮጀክቱ ከተጠናቀቀ በኋላ የሚሰጥ የመጨረሻ ክፍያ ነው።

የሚያካትታቸው ተግባራት
✅ የቀረ የኮንትራት ክፍያ
✅ ቫሪዬሽን ክፍያ
✅ ሪቴንሽን መመለስ
✅ ፔናልቲ ቅናሽ (ካለ)

via Mekamu Mohammed

@etconp

🛣️ How a Road is Made

💫Road construction involves several stages to ensure strength, durability, and proper drainage. 🏗

1️⃣ Site Clearance
The construction area is cleared by removing trees, vegetation, and unsuitable materials.

2️⃣ Earthwork
Cutting, filling, and leveling of the ground are carried out to achieve the required road alignment and level.

3️⃣ Sub-grade Preparation
The natural soil is shaped, leveled, and compacted to form the subgrade, which is the foundation of the road.

4️⃣ Sub-base Layer
A layer of granular material (such as laterite or crushed stone) is placed and compacted to distribute loads.

5️⃣ Base Course
A stronger layer of crushed aggregate is placed to provide structural strength to the pavement.

6️⃣ Asphalt or Surface Course
Hot asphalt or concrete is laid on top to provide a smooth and durable driving surface.

7️⃣ Drainage and Finishing
Side drains, road shoulders, markings, and signage are installed to complete the road.

A road is built layer by layer, starting from the prepared soil (subgrade) up to the final asphalt surface. Each layer helps the road carry traffic loads safely. 🏗

🚧For more information click this Link Below And Subscribe Our YouTube Channel👇

https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG

@etconp

👉 INTERCON Construction Chemicals 

● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat
● Concrete Repair Mortar
● Floor hardener, Epoxy
● Grout, Self-level mortar
● Quartz paint, Contextra
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers 
● Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials

☎️ Tel: 0961955555

🔹 Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital

🔹 Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza

🏠 Roof Types – Key Notes

📌Single Slope Roof
  - Simple design with one sloping surface.
  - Economical and easy to construct.
  - Common in sheds, small houses, and modern minimalist designs.

📌Gable Roof
  - Two sloping sides meet at a ridge, forming a triangular gable.
  - Provides good drainage and ventilation.
  - Popular in residential buildings for its classic look.

📌Hip Roof
  - All four sides slope downwards to the walls.
  - Strong against wind and weather.
  - More complex than gable, but aesthetically balanced.

📌 Complex Hip Roof
  - Combination of multiple hips, often on L-shaped or irregular buildings.
  - Adds architectural interest and covers larger layouts.
  - Requires more materials and skilled labor.

🏠 Types of Roof Structures in Building Construction

Understanding roof types is important in civil engineering and house construction. Different roof designs help manage rainwater drainage, improve structural stability, and enhance the appearance of a building.

🔹 Single Slope Roof – One sloping surface that allows water to flow in one direction.
🔹 Gable Roof – Two sloping sides meeting at the top ridge. One of the most common residential roof types.
🔹 Hip Roof – Four sloping sides providing better stability and wind resistance.
🔹 Complex Hip Roof – A combination of hip roofs used for L-shaped or complex building plans.

Each roof type has its own advantages depending on climate, building design, and structural requirements

@etconp

👉የዳንጎቴ ሲሚንቶ ግዙፍ ማስፋፊያ ለኢትዮጵያ እድል ይዞ መጥቷል

💫የዳንጎቴ ሲሚንቶ ኩባንያ በቀጣዮቹ አራት ዓመታት ውስጥ የምርት አቅሙን በ45 በመቶ ለማሳደግ የሚያስችለውን የ1 ቢሊዮን ዶላር ግዙፍ የኢንቨስትመንት ዕቅድ ይፋ አድርጓል።

ይህ የማስፋፊያ ፕሮጀክት ኢትዮጵያን፣ ናይጄሪያን እና ሌሎች የአፍሪካ ሀገራትን የኢኮኖሚ ተጠቃሚ እንደሚያደርግ ተመላክቷል።

የስትራቴጂካዊ ስምምነቱ ዝርዝር
ኩባንያው ይህንን መጠነ-ሰፊ የማስፋፊያ ሥራ ለማከናወን ከቻይናው ሲኖማ (Sinoma) ኩባንያ ጋር የግንባታ ስምምነት ተፈራርሟል። የዚህ ስምምነት ዋና ዓላማዎች፦

* የምርት አቅም፦ አሁን ያለውን አጠቃላይ የምርት አቅም ወደ 80 ሚሊዮን ቶን ከፍ ማድረግ።

* የኤክስፖርት ዕድገት፦ በ2025 የነበረውን 1.4 ሚሊዮን ቶን የሲሚንቶና የክሊንከር ኤክስፖርት በ2030 ወደ 10 ሚሊዮን ቶን ማድረስ።

አስደናቂ የትርፍ እና የገቢ ዕድገት
ቢዝነስ ኢንሳይደር አፍሪካ እንደዘገበው፣ የኩባንያው ጠቅላላ ገቢ የ20.3 በመቶ ዕድገት አሳይቷል።

ኩባንያው በ2025 የነበረውን የትርፍ መጠን በሁለት እጥፍ በማሳደግ፣ 1 ትሪሊዮን ናይራ የተጣራ ትርፍ ማስመዝገብ መቻሉን አስታውቋል።

ይህ ኢንቨስትመንት በኢትዮጵያ ያለውን የሲሚንቶ አቅርቦት ፍላጎት ከመሙላት ባለፈ፣ ለግንባታው ዘርፍ መነቃቃትና ለውጭ ምንዛሬ ግኝት ከፍተኛ አስተዋጽኦ ይኖረዋል ተብሎ ይጠበቃል።

Via Getu Temesgen

@etconp