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๐Ÿ”จ World Construction Engineering
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๐Ÿ“จ @Philemona7 Or @ETCONpBOT

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If โ€˜Hโ€™ is the overall height of a retaining wall retaining a surcharge, the width of the base slab usually provided, is
Anonymous Quiz
43%
0.3 H
20%
0.4 H
21%
0.5 H
15%
0.7 H
๐Ÿ‘8โค5
Distribution of shear intensity over a rectangular section of a beam, follows:
Anonymous Quiz
15%
A circular curve
39%
A straight line
40%
A parabolic curve
6%
An elliptical curve
โค7๐Ÿฅฐ5๐Ÿ‘2
In a simply supported slab, alternate bars are curtailed at
Anonymous Quiz
74%
1/4th of the span
9%
1/5th of the span
12%
1/6th of the span
5%
1/7th of the span
โค7๐Ÿ•Š2
๐Ÿ‘‰แŠ แˆตแ‹ฐแˆณแ‰ฝ แ‹œแŠ“ แˆˆแ‹šแˆ… แ‰ปแŠ“แˆ แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฆแ‰ฝ
แ‰ฅแ‹แ‹Žแ‰ปแ‰น แ‰ แŒ แ‹จแ‰ƒแ‰นแŠ• แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต แ‹จ ETABS แˆถแแ‰ตแ‹Œแˆญ แˆตแˆแŒ แŠ“ แ‰  แŠฆแŠ•แˆ‹แ‹ญแŠ• แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆ˜แŒฃแŒฃแŠ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แˆแ‹แŒˆแ‰ฃ แŒ€แˆแˆจแŠ“แˆโค

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๐Ÿ‘5
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๐Ÿ”น Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
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๐Ÿ‘ทแŠ แŠ•แ‹ตแŠ• แˆฒแŠ’แ‹จแˆญ แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆต แŠจแŒแŠ’แ‹จแˆญ แ‰ แŠฅแ‹แАแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแˆˆแ‹จแ‹ แˆแŠ•แ‹ตแŠ• แАแ‹?

๐Ÿ’ซแ‰ แˆแˆ…แŠ•แ‹ตแˆตแŠ“ แ‹“แˆˆแˆ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‹•แ‹ตแˆœแŠ“ แˆ›แ‹•แˆจแŒ แ‰ฅแ‰ปแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แ‰ตแˆญแŒ‰แˆ แ‹จแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹แˆแข แŠฅแ‹แАแ‰ฐแŠ›แ‹ แˆแ‹ฉแАแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแˆ˜แŒฃแ‹ แАแŒˆแˆฎแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แˆแ‰ณแ‹ฉแ‰ แ‰ต แˆ˜แАแŒฝแˆญ แАแ‹แข

๐Ÿ’ซแ‰แŒฅแˆฎแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠจแˆšแ‹ซแˆฐแˆ‹ แŒแŠ’แ‹จแˆญแฃ แˆตแˆซแ‹แŠ• แ‰ แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญแАแ‰ต แ‹ˆแ‹ฐแˆšแˆ˜แˆซ แˆฒแŠ’แ‹จแˆญ แŠจแ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‹แ‰ฝแˆ แŠฅแ‹แАแ‰ฐแŠ›แ‹ แˆ€แ‰… แ‹ญแˆ… แАแ‹แข

1. แŠ•แ‹ตแˆ-แˆƒแˆณแ‰ฅ แŠจแŠฅแ‹แАแ‰ณ (Theory vs. Reality)

แŒแŠ’แ‹จแˆญ แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆต แ‰ตแŠญแŠญแˆˆแŠ›แ‹แŠ• "แ‰แŒฅแˆญ" แˆˆแˆ›แŒแŠ˜แ‰ต แˆฒแŒจแАแ‰…แฃ แˆฒแŠ’แ‹จแˆฉ แŒแŠ• แ‹ซ แ‰แŒฅแˆญ แ‰ แˆณแ‹ญแ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ "แˆŠแ‰ฐแŒˆแ‰ แˆญ" แˆ˜แ‰ปแˆ‰แŠ• แ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฃแˆแข
แˆแˆณแˆŒแฆ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แŒแŠ’แ‹จแˆญ แ‰ แ‹ˆแˆจแ‰€แ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠฅแŒ…แŒ แ‰ แŒฃแˆ แŒ แŠ•แŠซแˆซ แ‹จแˆ†แА แ‹จแ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ต แ‹แˆญแ‹แˆญ (Rebar detailing) แ‹ซแ‹ˆแŒฃแˆแข แАแŒˆแˆญ แŒแŠ• แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ถแ‰น แ‰ แŒฃแˆ แŠจแˆ˜แŒ แŒ‹แŒ‹แ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹ แ‹จแ‰ฐแАแˆณ แŠฎแŠ•แŠญแˆชแ‰ต แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แŒˆแ‰ฅแ‰ถ vibrate แˆˆแˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แ‰ฆแ‰ณ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆ›แ‹ญแŠ–แˆญ แŠ แ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฐแ‹แˆแˆแข แˆฒแŠ’แ‹จแˆฉ แŒแŠ• แ‹ฒแ‹›แ‹ญแŠ‘แŠ• แŠ แ‹ญแ‰ถ "แ‹ญแˆ… แ‰ แ‹ˆแˆจแ‰€แ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ขแˆฐแˆซแˆแฃ แˆณแ‹ญแ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠ แ‹ญแˆฐแˆซแˆ" แ‰ฅแˆŽ แˆˆแ‹แŒฅ แ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‹แˆแข

2. แˆ˜แˆตแˆ˜แˆซแ‹Š แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแˆณแˆฐแ‰ฅ แŠจแ‰…แ‹ตแˆ˜-แ‹แŒแŒ…แ‰ต (Linear Thinking vs. Contingency)
แŒแŠ’แ‹จแˆญ แˆตแˆซแ‹ "แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆฐแˆซ" แ‰ฅแ‰ป แˆฒแ‹ซแ‰…แ‹ตแฃ แˆฒแŠ’แ‹จแˆฉ แŒแŠ• แˆตแˆซแ‹ "แˆŠแ‰ แˆ‹แˆฝ" แ‹จแˆšแ‰ฝแˆแ‰ฃแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ถแ‰ฝ แŠ แˆตแ‰€แ‹ตแˆž แ‹ญแŒˆแˆแ‰ณแˆแข
แˆแˆณแˆŒแฆ แŠฎแŠ•แŠญแˆชแ‰ต แˆˆแˆ˜แˆ™แˆ‹แ‰ต แ‹แŒแŒ…แ‰ต แˆฒแ‹ฐแˆจแŒแฃ แŒแŠ’แ‹จแˆฉ แ‹จแ“แˆแ• แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹จแˆšแŠญแˆฐแˆญ แˆ˜แŠชแŠ“แ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆ˜แˆแŒฃแ‰ต แ‰ฅแ‰ป แ‹ญแŒ แ‰ฃแ‰ แ‰ƒแˆแข แˆฒแŠ’แ‹จแˆฉ แŒแŠ• "แ“แˆแ‘ แ‰ขแ‰ แˆ‹แˆฝ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‹จแ‰ตแˆซแŠแŠญ แˆ˜แŒจแŠ“แАแ‰… แ‰ขแŠ–แˆญ แŠฎแŠ•แŠญแˆชแ‰ฑ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ญแ‰ แˆ‹แˆฝ แˆแŠ• แŠฅแŠ“แ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‹แˆˆแŠ•?" แ‰ฅแˆŽ 'Plan B' แ‹ซแ‹˜แŒ‹แŒƒแˆแข

3. แˆ˜แˆจแŒƒ แˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแˆต แŠจแˆ˜แแ‰ตแˆ„ แŠ แ‰…แˆซแ‰ขแАแ‰ต (Reporting vs. Solving)
แŒแŠ’แ‹จแˆญ แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆต แŠฅแŠ•แ‰…แ‹แ‰ถแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆชแ–แˆญแ‰ต แ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‹แˆแค แˆฒแŠ’แ‹จแˆฉ แŒแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‰…แ‹แ‰ถแ‰นแŠ• แŠ แˆแŽ แ‹จแˆšแˆ„แ‹ตแ‰ แ‰ตแŠ• แŠซแˆญแ‰ณ แ‹ญแ‹ž แ‹ญแˆ˜แŒฃแˆแข
แˆแˆณแˆŒแฆ แ‹จแˆ›แˆฝแАแˆช แ‰ฅแˆแˆฝแ‰ต แˆฒแ‹ซแŒ‹แŒฅแˆแฃ แŒแŠ’แ‹จแˆฉ "แ‹ถแ‹˜แˆฉ แ‰ฐแ‰ แˆ‹แˆฝแ‰ทแˆ" แ‰ฅแˆŽ แ‹ญแŠ“แŒˆแˆซแˆแข แˆฒแŠ’แ‹จแˆฉ แŒแŠ• "แ‹ถแ‹˜แˆฉ แ‰ฐแ‰ แˆ‹แˆฝแ‰ทแˆแค แˆตแˆˆแ‹šแˆ… แ‹จแŒฅแŒˆแŠ“ แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ™แ‹ซ แŒ แˆญแ‰ปแˆˆแˆแฃ แŠฅแˆตแŠจแ‹šแ‹ซแ‹ แŒแŠ• แˆฐแˆซแ‰ฐแŠžแ‰น แŒŠแ‹œ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ซแ‰ฃแŠญแŠ‘ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แˆŒแˆ‹ แˆแ‹ตแ‰ฅ แŠ แ‹›แ‹แˆฌแ‹ซแ‰ธแ‹‹แˆˆแˆ" แ‰ฅแˆŽ แˆ˜แแ‰ตแˆ„แ‹แŠ• แŒจแˆแˆฎ แ‹ซแ‰€แˆญแ‰ฃแˆแข

4. แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฃแˆญแŠ• แŠจแ‹‹แŒ‹ แŒ‹แˆญ แˆ›แŒˆแŠ“แŠ˜แ‰ต (Task vs. Value)
แŒแŠ’แ‹จแˆญ แˆตแˆซแ‹แŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต "แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฃแˆญ" แ‹ซแ‹จแ‹‹แˆแค แˆฒแŠ’แ‹จแˆฉ แŒแŠ• แˆตแˆซแ‹แŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ "แŠซแ’แ‰ณแˆ" แŠขแŠ•แ‰จแˆตแ‰ตแˆ˜แŠ•แ‰ต แ‹ญแˆ˜แˆˆแŠจแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆแข
แˆแˆณแˆŒแฆ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ตแŠ• แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แŒแ‰ฅแ‹“แ‰ต (Material) แ‰ แˆแˆˆแ‰ต แ‰€แŠ• แˆ˜แ‹˜แŒแ‹จแ‰ต แŒแŠ’แ‹จแˆฉ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แ‰€แˆ‹แˆ "แˆ˜แ‰†แ‹จแ‰ต" แ‹ซแ‹จแ‹‹แˆแข แˆฒแŠ’แ‹จแˆฉ แŒแŠ• แ‹ซ แ‹จแˆแˆˆแ‰ต แ‰€แŠ• แˆ˜แ‹˜แŒแ‹จแ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ฃแŠ•แŠญ แ‹ˆแˆˆแ‹ตแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแŒจแˆแˆญแฃ แ‹จแŠชแˆซแ‹ญ แˆ›แˆฝแŠ–แ‰ฝ แ‹ซแˆˆ แˆตแˆซ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‰†แˆ™ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒแŠ“ แ‹จแ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ฑแŠ• แŠ แŒ แ‰ƒแˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ตแˆญแ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ แ‹ญแˆจแ‹ณแˆ (Big Picture)แข

๐Ÿ’กแˆแˆแŒŠแ‹œ "แˆˆแˆแŠ•?" แ‰ฅแˆ‹แ‰ฝแˆ แŒ แ‹ญแ‰แข แ‹ฒแ‹›แ‹ญแŠ‘ แˆˆแˆแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆ… แˆ†แА? แŽแˆญแˆ›แŠ‘ แˆˆแˆแŠ• แ‰ แ‹šแ‹ซ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ต แˆฐแˆซแ‹? แŠจแ‰ขแˆฎ แ‹ˆแŒฅแ‰ณแ‰ฝแˆ แˆณแ‹ญแ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠซแˆ‰ แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ™แ‹ซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŒ‹แˆญ แˆตแ‰ตแАแŒ‹แŒˆแˆฉแฃ แ‰ แ‹ˆแˆจแ‰€แ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆ›แ‹ญแŒˆแŠ™แ‰ตแŠ• แŠฅแ‹แАแ‰ฐแŠ› แ‹จแˆแˆ…แŠ•แ‹ตแˆตแŠ“ แŒฅแ‰ แ‰ฆแ‰ฝ แ‰ตแˆ›แˆซแˆ‹แ‰ฝแˆแข

แŠฅแŠ“แŠ•แ‰ฐ แ‰ แˆ™แ‹ซ แˆ…แ‹ญแ‹ˆแ‰ณแ‰ฝแˆ "แŠ แˆแŠ• แŒแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แˆฒแŠ’แ‹จแˆญ แŠฅแ‹ซแˆฐแ‰ฅแŠฉ แАแ‹" แ‹ซแˆ‹แ‰ฝแˆแ‰ แ‰ตแŠ• แŠ แŒ‹แŒฃแˆš แ‰ณแˆตแ‰ณแ‹แˆณแˆ‹แ‰ฝแˆ? แˆแŠ• แ‰ฐแˆแŒฅแˆฎ แАแ‰ แˆญ? แˆƒแˆณแ‰ฃแ‰ฝแˆแŠ• แ‰ แŠฎแˆ˜แŠ•แ‰ต แŠ แŒ‹แˆฉแŠ•! ๐Ÿ‘‡

@etconp
๐Ÿ‘28โค12
๐Ÿงฑ แ‹จแ‰ฅแˆŽแŠฌแ‰ต แˆ˜แŒ แŠ•แŠ“ แŒแ‰ฅแ‹“แ‰ถแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แ‰€แˆ‹แˆ‰ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ดแ‰ต แˆ›แˆตแˆ‹แ‰ต แ‹ญแ‰ปแˆ‹แˆ? (Site Method)

แ‰ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆณแ‹ญแ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆˆแŒแˆแ‰ตแˆ แˆ†แА แˆˆแŒแ‹ข แ‹แŒแŒ…แ‰ต แˆแŒฃแŠ• แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ตแŠญแŠญแˆˆแŠ› แˆตแˆŒแ‰ต แˆ˜แŒ แ‰€แˆ แŒŠแ‹œแŠ•แŠ“ แŒˆแŠ•แ‹˜แ‰ฅแŠ• แ‹ญแ‰†แŒฅแ‰ฃแˆแข แ‹ญแˆ… แˆแˆตแˆ แ‰  6 * 3 แˆœแ‰ตแˆญ (18{m}^2) แŒแ‹ตแŒแ‹ณ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแˆแˆแŒ‰ แŒแ‰ฅแ‹“แ‰ถแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แ‰€แˆ‹แˆ‰ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆณแ‹ญ แАแ‹แข

๐Ÿ“ แ‹‹แŠ“ แ‹‹แŠ“ แАแŒฅแ‰ฆแ‰ฝแฆ

* แ‹จแŒแ‹ตแŒแ‹ณ แˆตแ‹แ‰ต (Wall Area): แˆญแ‹แˆ˜แ‰ต แ‰  แ‰แˆ˜แ‰ต (L*H)แข
* แˆแˆณแˆŒแฆ 6{m} * 3{m} = 18{m}^2
* แ‹จแ‰ฅแˆŽแŠฌแ‰ต แ‰ฅแ‹›แ‰ต: แ‰ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แŠซแˆฌ แˆœแ‰ตแˆญ (1{m}^2) แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‰ แŠ แˆ›แŠซแŠ 12.5 แ‰ฅแˆŽแŠฌแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‹ซแˆตแˆแˆแŒ‹แˆ‰แข

* แˆตแˆŒแ‰ตแฆ 18{m}^2 * 12.5 = 225 แ‰ฅแˆŽแŠฌแ‰ถแ‰ฝแข
* แ‹จแˆฒแˆšแŠ•แ‰ถแŠ“ แŠ แˆธแ‹‹ แแˆ‹แŒŽแ‰ต (แˆˆ 1:6 แˆžแˆญแ‰ณแˆญ แ‹ตแ‰ฅแˆแ‰…):
* แˆˆ 225 แ‰ฅแˆŽแŠฌแ‰ถแ‰ฝ ๐Ÿ‘‰ 5 แŠฉแŠ•แ‰ณแˆ แˆฒแˆšแŠ•แ‰ถแข
* แˆˆแˆžแˆญแ‰ณแˆญ แ‹จแˆšแˆ†แŠ• แŠ แˆธแ‹‹ ๐Ÿ‘‰ 0.8 แŠฉแ‹ฉแ‰ขแŠญ แˆœแ‰ตแˆญ (0.8{m}^3)แข

๐Ÿ’ก แˆˆแˆแŠ• แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ• แ‹˜แ‹ด แŠฅแŠ•แŒ แ‰€แˆ›แˆˆแŠ•?

* แˆˆแ‰แˆณแ‰แˆต แ‹แˆญแ‹แˆญ (BOQ) แ‹แŒแŒ…แ‰ต แŒแ‰ฅแ‹“แ‰ต แˆตแˆˆแˆšแˆ†แŠ•แข
* แ‰ แˆณแ‹ญแ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ฅแŠญแАแ‰ตแŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰€แАแˆต แˆตแˆˆแˆšแˆจแ‹ณแข
* แ‹จแŒแ‹ข แ‰ แŒ€แ‰ตแŠ• แŠ แˆตแ‰€แ‹ตแˆž แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰ฐแŠ•แ‰ แ‹ญ แ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฝแˆ‹แˆแข

แˆ›แˆณแˆฐแ‰ขแ‹ซแฆ แ‹ญแˆ… แˆตแˆŒแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แ‰ฅแˆŽแŠฌแ‰ฑ แˆ˜แŒ แŠ•แŠ“ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แˆžแˆญแ‰ณแˆญ แ‹แแˆจแ‰ต แˆ˜แŒ แАแŠ› แˆแ‹ฉแАแ‰ต แˆŠแŠ–แˆจแ‹ แˆตแˆˆแˆšแ‰ฝแˆแฃ แˆˆแ‰ แˆˆแŒ  แŒฅแŠ•แ‰ƒแ‰„ แ‹จ 5% แ‰ฅแŠญแАแ‰ต (Wastage) แŒแˆแ‰ต แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แˆ›แˆตแŒˆแ‰ฃแ‰ต แ‹ญแˆ˜แŠจแˆซแˆแข

แ‰ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‹™แˆชแ‹ซ แ‰ฐแŒจแˆ›แˆช แˆ˜แˆจแŒƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆˆแˆ›แŒแŠ˜แ‰ต แŒˆแƒแ‰ฝแŠ•แŠ• แ‹ญแŠจแ‰ฐแˆ‰!

๐Ÿทแ‹จ YouTube แŒˆแƒแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰€แˆ‹แ‰€แˆ แŠจแ‰ณแ‰ฝ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‹ แˆŠแŠ•แŠญ แ‰ แˆ˜แŒแ‰ฃแ‰ต SubScribe แŠ แˆญแŒˆแ‹ แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฅ แ‹ญแˆแŠ‘๐Ÿ‘‡

https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG
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‎@etconp
โค21
๐Ÿ‘‰แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‰ฅแˆ”แˆซแ‹Š แ‰ฃแŠ•แŠญ แ‰ แŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แŠ แ‰ แ‰ฃ แ‰ แŠ แˆˆแˆแ‹“แ‰€แ แŠ•แ‹ตแ แ‹แ‹ตแ‹ตแˆญ  แŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แ‹‹แŠ“ แˆ˜แˆฅแˆชแ‹ซ แ‰คแ‰ต แˆŠแ‹ซแˆตแŒˆแАแ‰ฃ แАแ‹แข

โ€‹แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‰ฅแˆ”แˆซแ‹Š แ‰ฃแŠ•แŠญ (NBE) แ‰ แŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แŠ แ‰ แ‰ฃ แŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แ‹‹แŠ“ แˆ˜แˆฅแˆชแ‹ซ แ‰คแ‰ต แˆˆแˆ˜แŒˆแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฝแˆˆแ‹แŠ• แˆ‚แ‹ฐแ‰ต แ‹จแŒ€แˆ˜แˆจ แˆฒแˆ†แŠ•แค แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แ‰ตแˆแ‰… แˆแˆแŠญแ‰ต (landmark) แ‹จแˆšแ‰†แŒ แˆญ แˆ•แŠ•แƒ แˆˆแˆ˜แŠ•แ‹ฐแแŠ“ แˆˆแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แŠญแ‰ตแ‰ตแˆ (supervision) แ‹จแˆšแˆ†แŠ‘ แ‹จแŠ แŒˆแˆญ แ‹แˆตแŒฅแŠ“ แ‹“แˆˆแˆ แŠ แ‰€แ แŠฉแ‰ฃแŠ•แ‹ซแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แŒจแˆจแ‰ณ แŒ‹แ‰ฅแ‹Ÿแˆแข

โ€‹แ‰ณแ‰…แ‹ถ แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹ แŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แ‹‹แŠ“ แˆ˜แˆฅแˆชแ‹ซ แ‰คแ‰ต แ‰ แˆฑแ‹ณแŠ• แŒŽแ‹ณแŠ“ แ‰ แˆšแŒˆแŠ˜แ‹ แ‹จแ‰ฃแŠ•แŠฉ แАแ‰ฃแˆญ แŒแ‰ข แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‰ แŒแˆแ‰ต 5,700 แŠซแˆฌ แˆœแ‰ตแˆญ แ‰ฆแ‰ณ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆญแ แ‹ญแˆ†แŠ“แˆแข แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ฑ แ‹จแˆ›แ‹•แŠจแˆ‹แ‹Š แ‰ฃแŠ•แŠฉแŠ• แ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แŠฅแŠ•แ‰…แˆตแ‰ƒแˆดแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แŒฃแˆซ แˆตแˆญ แˆˆแˆ›แˆแŒฃแ‰ตแŠ“ แ‹จแŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ณแ‹ฐแˆญ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆแˆ แ‹จแ‰ดแŠญแŠ’แŠญ แˆ˜แˆ แˆจแ‰ฐ แˆแˆ›แ‰ฑแŠ• แˆˆแˆ›แ‹˜แˆ˜แŠ• แ‹ซแˆˆแˆ˜ แАแ‹แข

โ€‹แ‰ฃแŠ•แŠฉ แ‰ฃแ‹ˆแŒฃแ‹ แ‹จแแˆ‹แŒŽแ‰ต แˆ˜แŒแˆˆแŒซ (request for expression of interest) แˆ˜แˆ แˆจแ‰ตแค แŠ แ‹ฒแˆฑ แˆ•แŠ•แƒ แ‹˜แˆ˜แŠ“แ‹Š แ‹จแˆ•แŠ•แƒ แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ณแ‹ฐแˆญ แˆฅแˆญแ‹“แ‰ถแ‰ฝแŠ• (building management systems)แฃ แ‹จแˆ‹แ‰€ แ‹จแ‹ฐแˆ…แŠ•แАแ‰ต แˆ˜แ‹‹แ‰…แˆญแŠ• แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹˜แˆ˜แŠ“แ‹Š แ‹จแ‹ฒแŒ‚แ‰ณแˆ แˆ˜แˆ แˆจแ‰ฐ แˆแˆ›แ‰ตแŠ• แ‹ซแŠซแ‰ฐแ‰ฐ แ‹ญแˆ†แŠ“แˆแข

แ‹ญแˆ…แˆ แˆ›แ‹•แŠจแˆ‹แ‹Š แ‰ฃแŠ•แŠฉ แ‰ แˆชแŽแˆญแˆ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‹ แ‹จแ‹แ‹ญแŠ“แŠ•แˆต แˆฅแˆญแ‹“แ‰ต แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹แŠ• แˆฐแŠ แˆšแŠ“ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแŠ•แ€แ‰ฃแˆญแ‰… แАแ‹แข แ‰ แ‰ฐแŒจแˆ›แˆชแˆ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณแ‹ แ‰ขแˆฎแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ•แฃ แ‹จแˆฅแˆแŒ แŠ“ แˆ›แ‹•แŠจแˆ‹แ‰ตแŠ•แŠ“ แ‹จแˆ•แ‹แ‰ฅ แŠ แŒˆแˆแŒแˆŽแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆตแŒซ แ‰ฆแ‰ณแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹ญแ‹ญแ‹›แˆแข

โ€‹แ‹ญแˆ… แ‰ฐแАแˆณแˆฝแАแ‰ต แ‹จแˆ˜แŒฃแ‹ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹จแ‰แŒฅแŒฅแˆญ แˆฅแˆซแŠ• แˆ›แŒ แŠ“แŠจแˆญแฃ แ‹จแŠซแ’แ‰ณแˆ แŒˆแ‰ แ‹ซแŠ• แˆ›แˆณแ‹ฐแŒแŠ“ แ‹จแ‰ฃแŠ•แŠญ แŠขแŠ•แ‹ฑแˆตแ‰ตแˆชแ‹แŠ• แ‰ แˆ‚แ‹ฐแ‰ต แˆˆแ‹แŒญ แŠขแŠ•แ‰จแˆตแ‰ตแˆ˜แŠ•แ‰ต แŠญแแ‰ต แˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒแŠ• แŒจแˆแˆฎ แˆฐแŠ แ‹จแ‹แ‹ญแŠ“แŠ•แˆต แ‹˜แˆญแ แˆ›แˆปแˆปแ‹ซแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแŒˆแ‰ แˆจแ‰ฝ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‰ฝแ‰ แ‰ต แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ต แАแ‹แข แŠ แ‹ฒแˆฑ แ‹‹แŠ“ แˆ˜แˆฅแˆชแ‹ซ แ‰คแ‰ต แŠฅแАแ‹šแˆ…แŠ• แ‹จแˆˆแ‹แŒฅ แˆ‚แ‹ฐแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แˆˆแˆ˜แ‹ฐแŒˆแ แ‹จแ‰ณแˆˆแˆ˜ แˆฐแŠ แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆ›แ‹Š แˆฝแŒแŒแˆญ แŠ แŠซแˆ แ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆญแŒŽ แ‹ญแ‹ˆแˆฐแ‹ณแˆแข

โ€‹แ‰ฃแŠ•แŠฉ แ‰ แ‰ตแˆ‹แˆแ‰…แŠ“ แˆจแ‹ฃแ‹ฅแˆ แ‹จแˆ•แŠ•แƒ แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆแˆแ‹ต แ‹ซแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹แฃ แ‹จแ‰ดแŠญแŠ’แŠญ แŠ แ‰…แˆแŠ“ แ‰€แ‹ณแˆš แ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แŠ แˆแŒปแŒธแˆ แ‹ซแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แŠฉแ‰ฃแŠ•แ‹ซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹จแˆšแˆแˆแŒ แˆฒแˆ†แŠ•แค แ‹จแŠ แˆ›แŠซแˆชแАแ‰ต แˆฅแˆซแ‹แˆ แ‹“แˆˆแˆ แŠ แ‰€แ แˆ˜แˆตแˆแˆญแ‰ถแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹จแ‰ฐแŠจแ‰ฐแˆˆ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆ†แŠ• แ‹ญแŒ แ‰ แ‰ƒแˆแข

Via Ethiopian Business Review

@etconp
โค11๐Ÿ‘5๐Ÿ”ฅ1๐Ÿ•Š1
แ‰ณแˆแˆซแ‰ต แ•แˆŒแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แŒ„ แ‰ฆแˆแ‰ต แŠ แ‰…แˆซแ‰ข

โœ…แ‹จแˆแŠ•แˆฐแŒฃแ‰ธแ‹ แŠ แŒˆแˆแŒแˆŽแ‰ถแ‰ฝ

๐Ÿ”… แ•แˆŒแ‰ต any Size & thickness
๐Ÿ”… แŒ„ แ‰ฆแˆแ‰ต (แŒฅแˆญแˆต แˆ›แ‹‰แŒฃแ‰ตแŠ“ แˆ›แŒ แ)

๐Ÿ”… แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ซแ‹ฉ  [modefic] แˆตแˆซแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แˆฐแˆซแˆˆแŠ•แข

โ™ฆ๏ธ แˆ›แŠ•แŠ›แ‹‰แŠ•แˆ แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ณ แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แŒˆแ‹›แˆˆแŠ•แข

โ˜Ž๏ธแˆตแˆแŠญ 0904040477 แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ 0911016833 แ‹ฐแ‹แˆˆแ‹ แ‹ซแŒแŠ™แŠ•
๐Ÿ“ฑแ‰ดแˆŒแŒแˆซแˆ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แฆhttps://t.me/heavenic1

แŠ แ‹ตแˆซแˆปแฆ  แ‰ 1.แˆ˜แˆญแŠซแ‰ถ
                แ‰.2 แŠ แ‹จแˆญ แŒคแŠ“  แŠชแ‹ณแА แˆแˆ…แˆจแ‰ต
                 แ‰.3 แ‰„แˆซ

แŒฅแˆซแ‰ตแŠ“ แ‰ณแˆ›แŠแАแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆˆแ‹ซแ‰ฝแŠ• แАแ‹แข
แ‰ณแˆแˆซแ‰ต แ•แˆŒแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แŒ„ แ‰ฆแˆแ‰ต แŠ แ‰…แˆซแ‰ข
โค2๐Ÿ‘1
๐Ÿ‘‰Foundation Strengthening

๐Ÿ’ซFoundation strengthening is necessary when an existing structureโ€™s foundation is no longer adequate to safely carry the imposed loads due to

โœ…Soil settlement or loss of bearing capacity
โœ…Changes in building loads (e.g., adding extra floors)
โœ…Construction defects or deterioration
โœ…Seismic or flood vulnerability
โœ…Nearby excavation or changes in ground condition

๐ŸทDifferent types of foundation Strengthening

โœ…Mass Concrete Underpinning: Simple & cost-effective for shallow foundations.
โœ… Beam & Base (Pier & Beam): Transfers load to stronger soil, less digging.
โœ…Mini / Micro-Piles: Deep support, minimal disturbance.
โœ…Needle-and-Pile / Cantilever Needles: Localized or one-sided reinforcement.
โœ…Concrete Jacketing: Encases foundations to increase capacity.
โœ…Chemical / Jet Grouting: Densifies soil or fills voids, perfect for tight spaces.
โœ…Screw Piles / Helical Piers: Quick installation, low vibration.
โœ…Angle / Root Piling: Stabilizes nearby walls & structures.
โœ…Soil Stabilization: Geosynthetics, polymers, or geofoam for stronger ground.
โœ…Base Isolation: Protects buildings in earthquake zones.

#FoundationStrengthening #StructuralSafety #CivilEngineering
#EthiopianConstructionEngineering
#SiteExecution #PlanningToBuild
#ConstructionBasics  #BuildSmart
#OnSiteLearning #EthiopianConstruction #Ethioconstruction

@etconp
โค4๐Ÿ‘1
๐Ÿ‘‰Slope in Pipes

๐Ÿ’ซProper pipe slope is critical for efficient drainage and long-term performance. A 0% slope โŒ causes blockage, while too much slope (>2%) โŒ lets water flow too fast, leaving solids behind.

โœ… Recommended Slopes:
โ€ข 1.5% for 2"โ€“3" pipes
โ€ข 0.8% for larger pipes
โœ”๏ธ Ensures smooth flow
โœ”๏ธ Prevents clogging
โœ”๏ธ Improves system efficiency

- ๐Ÿšซ 0% slope โ†’ Not acceptable; water and solids will not drain.

- โœ… 1.5% slope โ†’ Recommended for 2" & 3" pipes; ensures proper flow.

- โœ… 0.8% slope โ†’ Acceptable for larger pipes (like 4" and above); balances flow.

- โœ… 1.5% slope per 100m โ†’ Works well for long runs; maintains drainage efficiency.

- ๐Ÿšซ More than 2% slope โ†’ Not recommended; liquids drain too fast, solids settle and block the pipe.

- ๐Ÿ“ Rule of thumb โ†’ Maintain slope between 0.8% to 1.5% depending on pipe size.

- โš–๏ธ Balance is key โ†’ Too little slope = stagnant flow; too much slope = separation of liquids and solids.

๐Ÿ“Œ Always design drainage systems with the correct gradient.

@etconp
โค6๐Ÿ‘5
๐Ÿ‘‰แˆแ‹แŒˆแ‰ฃ แŒจแˆญแˆฐแŠ“แˆโ—๏ธ

๐Ÿ’ซแˆฐแˆ‹แˆ แ‹แ‹ต แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฆแ‰ปแ‰ฝแŠ• ETABS แŠฎแˆญแˆต แˆˆแˆ˜แˆ›แˆญ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆ˜แ‹˜แŒˆแ‰ฃแ‰น แˆฎแ‰ฅ 16/07/2018 แ‹“.แˆ แˆ›แ‰ณ 1:00 แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠฆแŠ•แˆ‹แ‹ญแŠ• แŠญแˆ‹แˆฑ แ‹ญแŒ€แˆ˜แˆซแˆ๐Ÿ™

๐Ÿ“ฉแˆ›แАแŠ›แ‹แˆ แŒฅแ‹ซแ‰„ แˆฒแŠ–แˆญ @Philemona7 แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‰  0925446661 แ‹ญแ‹ฐแ‹แˆ‰แˆแŠ•๐Ÿ™
โค1๐Ÿฅฐ1
๐Ÿ‘‰Retaining Wall Construction โ€“ Key Components Explained

๐Ÿ’ซA retaining wall is designed to resist lateral earth pressure and provide stability to soil at different elevations.

๐Ÿ”น Retained Soil โ€“ The soil being supported behind the wall

๐Ÿ”น Reinforced Concrete Stem โ€“ Main vertical structural element resisting pressure

๐Ÿ”น Rebar (Blue Reinforcement) โ€“ Provides tensile strength to concrete

๐Ÿ”น Backfill โ€“ Compacted soil placed behind the wall

๐Ÿ”น Drainage Layer (Gravel) โ€“ Prevents water pressure buildup

๐Ÿ”น Weep Holes โ€“ Allows water to escape, reducing hydrostatic pressure

๐Ÿ”น Base Slab (Footing) โ€“ Distributes load to the ground

๐Ÿ”น Heel & Toe โ€“ Key parts of footing for stability

๐Ÿ”น Shear Key โ€“ Prevents sliding failure

๐Ÿ’ก Proper drainage + strong reinforcement = Long-lasting retaining wall performance

- Retained Soil โ€“ The mass of soil being held back by the wall.

- Reinforced Concrete Stem โ€“ The vertical structural element resisting earth pressure.

- Drainage Layer (Gravel) โ€“ Prevents water buildup behind the wall.

- Weep Holes โ€“ Allow water to escape, reducing hydrostatic pressure.

- Heel โ€“ Portion of the footing extending under the retained soil, adds stability.

- Base Slab (Footing) โ€“ The foundation distributing loads to the ground.

- Toe โ€“ The front edge of the footing, counteracts overturning.

- Shear Key โ€“ Projection below the footing to resist sliding forces.

- Backfill โ€“ Soil placed behind the wall after construction.

---

๐Ÿ” Possible Mistakes or Omissions

- Drainage Detailing: The gravel drainage layer is shown, but typically a filter fabric is also required to prevent soil clogging.

- Weep Hole Spacing: The image doesnโ€™t specify spacing; in practice, they should be placed at regular intervals (usually 1โ€“2 m apart).

- Heel Thickness: The heel appears thin compared to the stem; in design, heel thickness must be adequate to resist bending.

- Shear Key Depth: The shear key is shown, but its depth and placement are critical; too shallow a key may not provide enough sliding resistance.

- Backfill Compaction: The drawing labels backfill but doesnโ€™t indicate compaction, which is essential for stability.

- No Indication of Reinforcement: The stem is labeled โ€œreinforced concrete,โ€ but reinforcement bars are not illustrated. For clarity, showing reinforcement direction (vertical + horizontal) would help.

- Surface Drainage: No mention of surface drainage (like a swale or channel) to divert water away from the wall top.

#CivilEngineering #RetainingWall #ConstructionSite #StructuralEngineering #Reinforcement #ConcreteDesign #SiteWork #EngineeringBasics #CivilTechTime #ConstructionKnowledge #EngineeringStudents #BuildSafe

๐ŸšงFor more information click this Link Below And Subscribe Our YouTube Channel๐Ÿ‘‡

https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG

@etconp
โค10
๐Ÿ‘‰ INTERCON Construction Chemicals 

โ— Concrete Admixtures
โ— Bonding Agents
โ— Waterproofings
โ— Wall Putty, Prime Coat
โ— Concrete Repair Mortar
โ— Floor hardener, Epoxy
โ— Grout, Self-level mortar
โ— Quartz paint, Contextra
โ— Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers 
โ— Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials

โ˜Ž๏ธ Tel: 0961955555

๐Ÿ”น Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital

๐Ÿ”น Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza
โค1
๐Ÿ‘‰Column reinforcement plays a critical role in transferring loads safely to the foundation.

But even small detailing mistakes can lead to serious structural issues over time.
Take a close look at this site condition ๐Ÿ‘€

Are the bar anchorage, hooks, and stirrups placed as per proper standards?

โš ๏ธ Poor detailing = Weak structure
โœ”๏ธ Proper detailing = Long-lasting safety
Drop your opinion below โฌ‡๏ธ
What do you think โ€” Correct or Wrong?

โŒ Mistakes in Column Reinforcement
- Improper anchorage of vertical bars at the footing base
- Hooks and bends not following standard codes (IS 456 / ACI)
- Uneven stirrup spacing, reducing confinement efficiency
- Poor alignment of reinforcement cage, affecting load transfer
- Weak connection between column bars and footing, risking structural failure

โœ… Correct Detailing Practices
- Provide straight, properly anchored bars with development length into footing
- Use standard 90ยฐ or 135ยฐ hooks as per code
- Maintain uniform stirrup spacing (closer near footing for confinement)
- Ensure vertical alignment of bars with plumb checking
- Guarantee adequate overlap/lap length when splicing bars

#CivilEngineering #ConstructionSite #StructuralEngineering #RebarDetailing #ColumnDesign #SiteInspection #ConstructionErrors #EngineeringBasics #BuildingSafety #ConcreteStructure #SiteEngineer #ConstructionLife #EngineeringKnowledge #QualityControl

@etconp
โค7
๐Ÿ‘‰ETABS แŠฆแŠ•แˆ‹แ‹ญแŠ• แŠฎแˆญแˆต แˆแ‹แŒˆแ‰ฃ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแŒจแˆจแˆฐแŠ• แ‹ญแ‰ณแ‹ˆแ‰ƒแˆ แАแŒˆแˆญ แŒแŠ• แ‰ฅแ‹แ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹ญแˆซแ‹˜แˆแˆแŠ• แ‰ฃแˆ‹แ‰น แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต แŠฅแˆตแŠจ 10:00 แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแˆจแ‹˜แˆแŠ•แˆ‹แ‰น แŠฅแŠ“แˆณแ‹แ‰ƒแˆˆแŠ•๐Ÿ™

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๐Ÿ™2
๐Ÿ‘‰What is Surveying?

- Process of measuring distances, angles, and elevations
- Determines relative positions of points on, above, or beneath the earthโ€™s surface

๐Ÿ“Œ Types of Surveying
- Plane Surveying โ€“ assumes earth is flat for small areas
- Geodetic Surveying โ€“ accounts for earthโ€™s curvature, used for large areas
- Topographic Surveying โ€“ maps natural & man-made features
- Construction Surveying โ€“ guides building layout and infrastructure works

๐Ÿ“Œ Surveying Instruments
- Total Station โ€“ electronic/optical instrument for angles & distances
- Level โ€“ measures elevation differences
- GPS โ€“ satellite-based positioning system

๐Ÿ“Œ Survey Methods
- Triangulation โ€“ uses triangles to determine positions
- Traversing โ€“ series of connected survey lines
- Levelling โ€“ determines height differences
- GPS Survey โ€“ uses satellite signals for accuracy
- Training โ€“ practical field learning for surveyors

Surveying is one of the most important processes in civil engineering. It helps engineers measure distances, angles, and elevations to determine the exact position of points on the earthโ€™s surface.

Accurate surveying is essential for planning, designing, and constructing roads, buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure.

Different types of surveying such as Plane Surveying, Geodetic Surveying, Topographic Surveying, and Construction Surveying are used depending on the project requirements. Modern instruments like Total Station, Level, and GPS make surveying faster and more precise.

Common survey methods include Triangulation, Traversing, Levelling, and GPS Survey, which help engineers collect accurate data for successful construction projects.

#CivilEngineering
#Surveying
#SurveyEngineer
#TotalStation
#GPSsurvey
#Levelling
#ConstructionEngineering
#EngineeringKnowledge
#EngineeringStudents
#SiteEngineering
#EngineeringEducation
#Infrastructure
#ConstructionTechnology
#LearnCivilEngineering

@etconp
โค7๐Ÿ‘6๐Ÿ‘1
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