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â±ïž ááá ášá°ááµ ááá áµ áµá«á áááá³á ášá³áœ á£áá ááá á«ááá±áµð
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ðEthiopiaâs First 100 m Flagpole â Structural Analysis & Design | Arada Park, Addis Ababa
Proud to have designed the structural system of Ethiopiaâs first 100 m high flagpole,one of the technically demanding structures I have worked on, carrying a 26 m à 13 m flag.
The design involved structural modeling, wind-load assessment, along-wind response, vortex-induced cross-wind effects,global stability analysis, foundation design, connection and anchorage considerations, and constructability review.
The main engineering challenge was addressing both the along-wind and vortex-induced cross-wind responses of the 100 m slender structure, together with the resulting overturning, stability, and foundation demands.
A project that required engineering judgment beyond simply satisfying code requirements â from global structural behavior to foundation, connections, and constructability.
Proud to have designed and contributed my structural engineering expertise to this landmark project.
Via ð© @Abebaw_16
@etconp
Proud to have designed the structural system of Ethiopiaâs first 100 m high flagpole,one of the technically demanding structures I have worked on, carrying a 26 m à 13 m flag.
The design involved structural modeling, wind-load assessment, along-wind response, vortex-induced cross-wind effects,global stability analysis, foundation design, connection and anchorage considerations, and constructability review.
The main engineering challenge was addressing both the along-wind and vortex-induced cross-wind responses of the 100 m slender structure, together with the resulting overturning, stability, and foundation demands.
A project that required engineering judgment beyond simply satisfying code requirements â from global structural behavior to foundation, connections, and constructability.
Proud to have designed and contributed my structural engineering expertise to this landmark project.
Via ð© @Abebaw_16
@etconp
â€16
ðŠºHEALTH AND SAFETY: 25 ESSENTIAL ITEMS FOR A SAFER WORKSITE
Safety is the foundation of every successful construction and industrial project.
Using the right Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), safety devices, and site facilities helps prevent accidents, injuries, fires, and exposure to hazardous substances.
This guide highlights 25 essential health and safety items that every worker and worksite should consider:
1ïžâ£ Hard Hat â Protects the head from falling objects and impacts.
2ïžâ£ Safety Goggles â Protect eyes from dust, particles, and splashes.
3ïžâ£ Safety Gloves â Protect hands from cuts, abrasion, chemicals, and sharp objects.
4ïžâ£ Face Mask / Respirator â Helps protect against dust, fumes, and harmful airborne particles.
5ïžâ£ Anti-Slip Mat â Reduces the risk of slips and falls in wet or oily areas.
6ïžâ£ Smoke Detector â Provides early warning of smoke and potential fire.
7ïžâ£ High-Visibility Vest â Makes workers more visible, especially near vehicles and equipment.
8ïžâ£ Fire Extinguisher â Helps control small fires before they spread.
9ïžâ£ Steel-Toe Safety Boots â Protect feet from heavy objects, punctures, and impact hazards.
ð Extractor Hood â Removes dust, fumes, and harmful gases from enclosed work areas.
1ïžâ£1ïžâ£ Face Shield â Provides additional protection from sparks, splashes, and flying debris.
1ïžâ£2ïžâ£ Respirator â Provides enhanced respiratory protection where hazardous contaminants are present.
1ïžâ£3ïžâ£ Safety Harness â Essential fall-protection equipment for work at height.
1ïžâ£4ïžâ£ Life Jacket â Protects workers performing duties near or over water.
1ïžâ£5ïžâ£ Storage Cage â Keeps tools, materials, and hazardous items securely stored.
1ïžâ£6ïžâ£ Knee Pads â Protect knees during prolonged kneeling and rough-surface work.
1ïžâ£7ïžâ£ Protective Apron â Protects the body from heat, sparks, and other workplace hazards.
1ïžâ£8ïžâ£ Tool Box â Keeps tools organized, protected, and easily accessible.
1ïžâ£9ïžâ£ Earplugs â Help protect hearing in high-noise environments.
2ïžâ£0ïžâ£ Fire Alarm â Alerts workers and occupants quickly in case of fire.
2ïžâ£1ïžâ£ Scaffolding â Provides safe access and working platforms at height when properly erected and inspected.
2ïžâ£2ïžâ£ Chemical Waste Containers â Ensure hazardous waste is safely collected, labeled, and disposed of correctly.
2ïžâ£3ïžâ£ Life Buoy â Provides emergency flotation support during water-related incidents.
2ïžâ£4ïžâ£ Ventilation Fan â Supplies fresh air and helps remove contaminated air from confined spaces.
2ïžâ£5ïžâ£ Warning Cone â Clearly marks hazards, restricted zones, and temporary work areas.
â ïž Remember: PPE is only one part of workplace safety. Proper training, risk assessment, equipment inspection, housekeeping, supervision, and compliance with site safety procedures are equally important.
Be Safe ⢠Be Aware ⢠Stay Protected ð·ââïžðŠºðïž
ðConstruction Safety & Compliance Kit â áá®ááœáá Safety Templates á¥á á ááááá?ðŠº
ð Safety Checklists
ð£ïž Toolbox Talk Templates
ð Incident Report Forms
â ïž JSA Templates
𥟠PPE Inspection Sheets
â Editable Word Documentð
https://ye-buna.com/etconp?ref=product_detail&product=6a88471586c15_etconp
Safety is the foundation of every successful construction and industrial project.
Using the right Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), safety devices, and site facilities helps prevent accidents, injuries, fires, and exposure to hazardous substances.
This guide highlights 25 essential health and safety items that every worker and worksite should consider:
1ïžâ£ Hard Hat â Protects the head from falling objects and impacts.
2ïžâ£ Safety Goggles â Protect eyes from dust, particles, and splashes.
3ïžâ£ Safety Gloves â Protect hands from cuts, abrasion, chemicals, and sharp objects.
4ïžâ£ Face Mask / Respirator â Helps protect against dust, fumes, and harmful airborne particles.
5ïžâ£ Anti-Slip Mat â Reduces the risk of slips and falls in wet or oily areas.
6ïžâ£ Smoke Detector â Provides early warning of smoke and potential fire.
7ïžâ£ High-Visibility Vest â Makes workers more visible, especially near vehicles and equipment.
8ïžâ£ Fire Extinguisher â Helps control small fires before they spread.
9ïžâ£ Steel-Toe Safety Boots â Protect feet from heavy objects, punctures, and impact hazards.
ð Extractor Hood â Removes dust, fumes, and harmful gases from enclosed work areas.
1ïžâ£1ïžâ£ Face Shield â Provides additional protection from sparks, splashes, and flying debris.
1ïžâ£2ïžâ£ Respirator â Provides enhanced respiratory protection where hazardous contaminants are present.
1ïžâ£3ïžâ£ Safety Harness â Essential fall-protection equipment for work at height.
1ïžâ£4ïžâ£ Life Jacket â Protects workers performing duties near or over water.
1ïžâ£5ïžâ£ Storage Cage â Keeps tools, materials, and hazardous items securely stored.
1ïžâ£6ïžâ£ Knee Pads â Protect knees during prolonged kneeling and rough-surface work.
1ïžâ£7ïžâ£ Protective Apron â Protects the body from heat, sparks, and other workplace hazards.
1ïžâ£8ïžâ£ Tool Box â Keeps tools organized, protected, and easily accessible.
1ïžâ£9ïžâ£ Earplugs â Help protect hearing in high-noise environments.
2ïžâ£0ïžâ£ Fire Alarm â Alerts workers and occupants quickly in case of fire.
2ïžâ£1ïžâ£ Scaffolding â Provides safe access and working platforms at height when properly erected and inspected.
2ïžâ£2ïžâ£ Chemical Waste Containers â Ensure hazardous waste is safely collected, labeled, and disposed of correctly.
2ïžâ£3ïžâ£ Life Buoy â Provides emergency flotation support during water-related incidents.
2ïžâ£4ïžâ£ Ventilation Fan â Supplies fresh air and helps remove contaminated air from confined spaces.
2ïžâ£5ïžâ£ Warning Cone â Clearly marks hazards, restricted zones, and temporary work areas.
â ïž Remember: PPE is only one part of workplace safety. Proper training, risk assessment, equipment inspection, housekeeping, supervision, and compliance with site safety procedures are equally important.
Be Safe ⢠Be Aware ⢠Stay Protected ð·ââïžðŠºðïž
ðConstruction Safety & Compliance Kit â áá®ááœáá Safety Templates á¥á á ááááá?ðŠº
ð Safety Checklists
ð£ïž Toolbox Talk Templates
ð Incident Report Forms
â ïž JSA Templates
𥟠PPE Inspection Sheets
â Editable Word Documentð
https://ye-buna.com/etconp?ref=product_detail&product=6a88471586c15_etconp
â€5ð1
Maximum load that a structure member can bear
Anonymous Quiz
80%
Ultimate load
13%
Safe load
5%
Crippling load
1%
Curtail load
â€8
#108. At what moisture Content the soil passes from plastic to the liquid state?
Anonymous Quiz
41%
A. Liquid Limit
22%
B. Plasticity Index
12%
C. Liquid Index
25%
D. Plastic Limit
ð4â€3
132. In addition to workability, what other aspect does the flow table test help evaluate?
Anonymous Quiz
9%
A) Color consistency
17%
B) Aggregate size distribution
67%
C) Consistency of the concrete mix
7%
D) Temperature of the mix
â€8
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ð¥°3â€2
ðThe Most Common Site Inspection Failures ðïž
Effective site inspection is essential for maintaining construction quality, structural safety, and compliance with approved drawings and specifications.
Some of the most common issues inspectors should watch for include:
1. Poor Workmanship â Honeycombing, voids, exposed aggregate, uneven finishes, improper compaction, and segregation can compromise concrete quality.
2. Inadequate Documentation â Ensure approved drawings, test reports, inspection records, approvals, method statements, and as-built information are properly maintained and updated.
3. Incorrect Reinforcement Placement â Check bar diameter, spacing, concrete cover, lap lengths, anchorage, stirrup spacing, and proper tying according to structural drawings.
4. Insufficient Curing â Concrete should be cured promptly and continuously using appropriate methods. For ordinary Portland cement concrete, 7 days is a common minimum reference, subject to the project specification and applicable code.
5. Safety Violations â Verify proper PPE, safe access, barricading, edge protection, housekeeping, warning signs, and compliance with site safety procedures.
6. Deviation from Approved Drawings â Confirm dimensions, levels, reinforcement, locations, and construction details against the latest approved drawings. Any proposed change should go through the required RFI/approval process before execution.
â Remember: Early inspection helps identify defects before they become expensive or dangerous problems.
Right Construction ⢠Right Inspection ⢠Right Quality ⢠Stronger Future
@etconp
Effective site inspection is essential for maintaining construction quality, structural safety, and compliance with approved drawings and specifications.
Some of the most common issues inspectors should watch for include:
1. Poor Workmanship â Honeycombing, voids, exposed aggregate, uneven finishes, improper compaction, and segregation can compromise concrete quality.
2. Inadequate Documentation â Ensure approved drawings, test reports, inspection records, approvals, method statements, and as-built information are properly maintained and updated.
3. Incorrect Reinforcement Placement â Check bar diameter, spacing, concrete cover, lap lengths, anchorage, stirrup spacing, and proper tying according to structural drawings.
4. Insufficient Curing â Concrete should be cured promptly and continuously using appropriate methods. For ordinary Portland cement concrete, 7 days is a common minimum reference, subject to the project specification and applicable code.
5. Safety Violations â Verify proper PPE, safe access, barricading, edge protection, housekeeping, warning signs, and compliance with site safety procedures.
6. Deviation from Approved Drawings â Confirm dimensions, levels, reinforcement, locations, and construction details against the latest approved drawings. Any proposed change should go through the required RFI/approval process before execution.
â Remember: Early inspection helps identify defects before they become expensive or dangerous problems.
Right Construction ⢠Right Inspection ⢠Right Quality ⢠Stronger Future
@etconp
â€11ð1
110. Gypsum plastering is not recommended in one of the following area:
Anonymous Quiz
4%
A. Living and dining
90%
B. Toilet
3%
C. Internal Corridor
2%
D. Bed Room
ð¥°5â€3
116. Which one of the following is a structural members designed to support the loads of the portion of the wall situated above the openings?
Anonymous Quiz
10%
A. Frame
6%
B. Window Sill
81%
C. Lintel
4%
D. Panel
â€3
130. What is the primary purpose of the flow table test?
Anonymous Quiz
10%
A) To measure the compressive strength of concrete
75%
B) To assess the workability and flowability of concrete mixtures
10%
C) To determine the air content in concrete
5%
D) To evaluate the durability of hardened concrete
ð¥3ð1
ðáš RC á²ááá áá áá áŽáááá¶áœ ášááá áááµá
âºCalculation of Design Coefficients
âºDesign of Slabs
âºDesign of Flat Slabs
âºDesign of Beams
âºDesign of Sections Under M & N
âºShear Design & Checks
âºDesign for Torsion
âºDesign of Rectangular Columns
âºDesign of Circular Columns
âºDesign of Isolated Footings
Isolated Footings Under Moment á¥á áááœð
https://ye-buna.com/etconp?ref=product_detail&product=6a7bf1e6dcc09_etconp
âºCalculation of Design Coefficients
âºDesign of Slabs
âºDesign of Flat Slabs
âºDesign of Beams
âºDesign of Sections Under M & N
âºShear Design & Checks
âºDesign for Torsion
âºDesign of Rectangular Columns
âºDesign of Circular Columns
âºDesign of Isolated Footings
Isolated Footings Under Moment á¥á áááœð
https://ye-buna.com/etconp?ref=product_detail&product=6a7bf1e6dcc09_etconp
â€11ð¥°2
ðášááá£á³á ášáá
ááµáµá Drawing áááá¶áœ
ðá Construction & Engineering áá®áááµ ááµá¥ ášáááá Drawing áááá¶áœ á¥áá° áá®ááá± ááááµá áá á ááá«á«áá¢
1ïžâ£ Architectural Drawings
ášááááá á áááá¥á£ á°áá£á«á á á áááá ááœá³ ášáá«á³á© Drawingsá¢
ð¹ Site Plan â áááá á áá¬á± áá á«áá áµá áŠá³á£ ášáá¬áµ áá°áᣠááááµá£ áááªááᣠLandscaping á¥á Utilities á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Floor Plan â ášááááœá£ ááµáá³ááœá£ á á®áœá£ ááµá®á¶áœá Dimensions á áááá¥á á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Roof Plan â ášá£áªá« á áááá¥á£ SlopeᣠDrainage á¥á Parapet á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Elevation Drawing â ááááá ášá°áá«á© á á á£á«áᜠá²á³á á«ááá áá«á ááœá³ á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Section Drawing â ááááá á áááµ ááአFoundationᣠFloorᣠSlabᣠCeilingᣠRoofᣠLevels á¥á ááᜠááááœá á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Reflected Ceiling Plan (RCP) â ášCeilingᣠLightingᣠAccess Panel ááá° á áááᥠá«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Door & Window Schedule â ášá áá ááµá®áµ ááááµá£ SizeᣠMaterialᣠNumber á¥á Location á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Finishing Schedule â ášFloorᣠWall á¥á Ceiling Finishes áááá¶áœá áááá»áá¢
ð¹ Detail Drawing â á¥áá° StaircaseᣠDoorᣠWindowᣠParapet á¥á Wall Junction á«á ááááœá á á°ááš áááá á«á³á«áá¢
2ïžâ£ Structural Drawings
ášááááá Load-Bearing Elements á¥á Reinforcement áááá®áœ ášáá«á³á© Drawingsá¢
ð¹ Foundation Plan â ášFoundation áŠá³á£ SizeᣠType á¥á Level á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Column Layout â ášColumns áŠá³á£ Size á¥á Identification á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Beam Layout â ášBeams áŠá³á£ Size á¥á Identification á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Slab Layout â ášSlab TypeᣠThicknessᣠLevel á¥á Arrangement á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Reinforcement Drawing â ášRebar DiameterᣠSpacingᣠLocationᣠShape á¥á Anchorage/Development áááá®áœá á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Bar Bending Schedule (BBS) â ášReinforcement Bars ááášá«á£ áá³á áá«á£ ShapeᣠLength á¥á Quantity áášá ááááá¢
ð¹ Retaining Wall Drawing â ášRetaining Wall GeometryᣠFoundationᣠReinforcement á¥á Drainage á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Structural Detail Drawing â ášBeam-Column ConnectionᣠJointᣠReinforcement á¥á ááᜠStructural Details á«á³á«áá¢
3ïžâ£ Plumbing & Sanitary Drawings
ð¹ Water Supply Layout â ášWater PipesᣠValvesᣠTanksᣠPumps á¥á Fixtures á áááá¥á¢
ð¹ Sanitary/Drainage Layout â ášWastewater á¥á Soil Pipes á áááá¥á¢
ð¹ Stormwater Drainage Plan â ášááᥠáá áá°á¥á°á¢á«á ááµááá áµáááµá¢
ð¹ Plumbing Isometric Drawing â ášPlumbing Network á Isometric á¥áá³ ášáá«á³á Drawingá¢
ð¹ Riser Diagram â ášá§áá§ áµáááµá á Vertical á áá«ášá¥ ášáá«á³á Diagramá¢
ð¹ Manhole/Inspection Chamber Detail â ášManhole á¥á Inspection Chamber áá áᣠLevel á¥á Construction Detailsá¢
4ïžâ£ Electrical Drawings
ð¹ Lighting Layout â ášLighting Fixtures á¥á Switches á áááá¥á¢
ð¹ Power Layout â ášSocketsᣠOutlets á¥á Electrical Equipment Connectionsá¢
ð¹ Single-Line Diagram (SLD) â ášElectrical Distribution System á ááá á áá«ášá¥ ášáá«á³á Diagramá¢
ð¹ Distribution Board Schedule â ášElectrical CircuitsᣠBreakers á¥á Loads áášáá¢
ð¹ Earthing/Grounding Drawing â ášEarthing/Grounding System á áááá¥á¢
ð¹ Lightning Protection Drawing â ášLightning Protection System á áááá¥á¢
ð¹ Cable Routing Drawing â ášCables ááááµá Routing á«á³á«áá¢
5ïžâ£ Mechanical & HVAC Drawings
ð¹ HVAC Layout â ášHeatingᣠVentilation á¥á Air Conditioning Equipment á áááá¥á¢
ð¹ Ductwork Drawing â ášAir Ducts ááááµá£ Size á¥á Fittingsá¢
ð¹ Mechanical Piping Drawing â ášMechanical Piping Network á áááá¥á¢
ð¹ Equipment Layout â ášMechanical Equipment áŠá³á Arrangementá¢
ð¹ HVAC Schematic â ášHVAC System á á°á«áá Connections ášáá«á³á Diagramá¢
6ïžâ£ Civil / Site Development Drawings
ð¹ Topographic Survey Plan â ášáá£á©á Ground ElevationᣠContours á¥á Existing Features á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Grading Plan â ášá³áá°áá Ground Level á¥á Slope á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Road Layout â ášRoad AlignmentᣠWidth á¥á Geometry á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Longitudinal Profile â á Road Alignment á á á£á« ášGround á¥á Proposed Levels ááá¥á á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Cross-Section Drawing â á á°áá°á Chainages ášRoad/Earthwork áááá á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Earthwork Plan â ášExcavationᣠFilling á¥á Grading áášá á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Pavement Drawing â ášPavement Layers á¥á Thicknesses á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Drainage Drawing â ášCulvertsᣠDitchesᣠChannels á¥á Stormwater Systems á áááá¥á¢
ð¹ Culvert Drawing â ášCulvert DimensionsᣠReinforcement á¥á Construction Detailsá¢
7ïžâ£ Survey Drawings
ð¹ Topographical Survey Drawing â ášExisting Terrain á¥á Ground Features áášáá¢
@etconp ð
ðá Construction & Engineering áá®áááµ ááµá¥ ášáááá Drawing áááá¶áœ á¥áá° áá®ááá± ááááµá áá á ááá«á«áá¢
1ïžâ£ Architectural Drawings
ášááááá á áááá¥á£ á°áá£á«á á á áááá ááœá³ ášáá«á³á© Drawingsá¢
ð¹ Site Plan â áááá á áá¬á± áá á«áá áµá áŠá³á£ ášáá¬áµ áá°áᣠááááµá£ áááªááᣠLandscaping á¥á Utilities á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Floor Plan â ášááááœá£ ááµáá³ááœá£ á á®áœá£ ááµá®á¶áœá Dimensions á áááá¥á á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Roof Plan â ášá£áªá« á áááá¥á£ SlopeᣠDrainage á¥á Parapet á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Elevation Drawing â ááááá ášá°áá«á© á á á£á«áᜠá²á³á á«ááá áá«á ááœá³ á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Section Drawing â ááááá á áááµ ááአFoundationᣠFloorᣠSlabᣠCeilingᣠRoofᣠLevels á¥á ááᜠááááœá á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Reflected Ceiling Plan (RCP) â ášCeilingᣠLightingᣠAccess Panel ááá° á áááᥠá«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Door & Window Schedule â ášá áá ááµá®áµ ááááµá£ SizeᣠMaterialᣠNumber á¥á Location á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Finishing Schedule â ášFloorᣠWall á¥á Ceiling Finishes áááá¶áœá áááá»áá¢
ð¹ Detail Drawing â á¥áá° StaircaseᣠDoorᣠWindowᣠParapet á¥á Wall Junction á«á ááááœá á á°ááš áááá á«á³á«áá¢
2ïžâ£ Structural Drawings
ášááááá Load-Bearing Elements á¥á Reinforcement áááá®áœ ášáá«á³á© Drawingsá¢
ð¹ Foundation Plan â ášFoundation áŠá³á£ SizeᣠType á¥á Level á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Column Layout â ášColumns áŠá³á£ Size á¥á Identification á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Beam Layout â ášBeams áŠá³á£ Size á¥á Identification á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Slab Layout â ášSlab TypeᣠThicknessᣠLevel á¥á Arrangement á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Reinforcement Drawing â ášRebar DiameterᣠSpacingᣠLocationᣠShape á¥á Anchorage/Development áááá®áœá á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Bar Bending Schedule (BBS) â ášReinforcement Bars ááášá«á£ áá³á áá«á£ ShapeᣠLength á¥á Quantity áášá ááááá¢
ð¹ Retaining Wall Drawing â ášRetaining Wall GeometryᣠFoundationᣠReinforcement á¥á Drainage á«á³á«áá¢
ð¹ Structural Detail Drawing â ášBeam-Column ConnectionᣠJointᣠReinforcement á¥á ááᜠStructural Details á«á³á«áá¢
3ïžâ£ Plumbing & Sanitary Drawings
ð¹ Water Supply Layout â ášWater PipesᣠValvesᣠTanksᣠPumps á¥á Fixtures á áááá¥á¢
ð¹ Sanitary/Drainage Layout â ášWastewater á¥á Soil Pipes á áááá¥á¢
ð¹ Stormwater Drainage Plan â ášááᥠáá áá°á¥á°á¢á«á ááµááá áµáááµá¢
ð¹ Plumbing Isometric Drawing â ášPlumbing Network á Isometric á¥áá³ ášáá«á³á Drawingá¢
ð¹ Riser Diagram â ášá§áá§ áµáááµá á Vertical á áá«ášá¥ ášáá«á³á Diagramá¢
ð¹ Manhole/Inspection Chamber Detail â ášManhole á¥á Inspection Chamber áá áᣠLevel á¥á Construction Detailsá¢
4ïžâ£ Electrical Drawings
ð¹ Lighting Layout â ášLighting Fixtures á¥á Switches á áááá¥á¢
ð¹ Power Layout â ášSocketsᣠOutlets á¥á Electrical Equipment Connectionsá¢
ð¹ Single-Line Diagram (SLD) â ášElectrical Distribution System á ááá á áá«ášá¥ ášáá«á³á Diagramá¢
ð¹ Distribution Board Schedule â ášElectrical CircuitsᣠBreakers á¥á Loads áášáá¢
ð¹ Earthing/Grounding Drawing â ášEarthing/Grounding System á áááá¥á¢
ð¹ Lightning Protection Drawing â ášLightning Protection System á áááá¥á¢
ð¹ Cable Routing Drawing â ášCables ááááµá Routing á«á³á«áá¢
5ïžâ£ Mechanical & HVAC Drawings
ð¹ HVAC Layout â ášHeatingᣠVentilation á¥á Air Conditioning Equipment á áááá¥á¢
ð¹ Ductwork Drawing â ášAir Ducts ááááµá£ Size á¥á Fittingsá¢
ð¹ Mechanical Piping Drawing â ášMechanical Piping Network á áááá¥á¢
ð¹ Equipment Layout â ášMechanical Equipment áŠá³á Arrangementá¢
ð¹ HVAC Schematic â ášHVAC System á á°á«áá Connections ášáá«á³á Diagramá¢
6ïžâ£ Civil / Site Development Drawings
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ð¹ Setting-Out Drawing â ášCoordinatesᣠGrid LinesᣠBenchmarks á¥á Construction Control Points áášáá¢
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https://ye-buna.com/etconp?ref=product_detail&product=6a75638f22910_etconp
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ââðáá°ášá᪠áášá á¥á ááᜠášá®ááµáµá«ááœá ááá áááᜠᚠYouTube áááœá ášá³áœ á£áá ááá á ááá£áµ SubScribe á ááá á€á°á°á¥ áááð
https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG
@etconp
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