Q15. The primary objective of surveying is:
Anonymous Quiz
10%
Measurement of angles
28%
Levelling
25%
Fixing boundaries
37%
Preparation of plan or map
🎉4
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👩🏫In brittle materials, failure occurs:
(from Prof. Lollini's Quiz #1)
(from Prof. Lollini's Quiz #1)
Anonymous Quiz
32%
due to the propagation of a crack
31%
at quite low stress level
11%
due to the plastic slip
27%
after significant plastic deformation
👍2
👩🏫 The hydration of tricalcium silicate, C3S:
Anonymous Quiz
41%
strongly contributes in increasing the setting times
19%
is lower than the hydration of dicalcium silicate, C2S
26%
is faster than the hydration of dicalcium silicate, C2S
14%
leads to the formation of gel C-S-H and ettringite
👍4
One should ideally prefer larger grains for concrete:
Anonymous Quiz
28%
so that, once reinforced, its rebars have the highest resistance to pitting corrosion
28%
for a higher porosity, an important factor to reduce mixing time
29%
to be able to meet the highest potential water:cement ratio
15%
as it leads to better bleeding for more moisture
👏4
The carbon content of steel is:
Anonymous Quiz
17%
Less than 0.15%
31%
2% to 4%
34%
0.002% to 2.1%
19%
5% to 15.5%
🙏3
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If the porosity of a soil sample is 22%, what is its void ratio?
Anonymous Quiz
19%
0.3
26%
0.27
35%
0.28
20%
0.25
🎉5
Sieve Analysis can be carried out given that:
Anonymous Quiz
6%
the specimen is fully wet.
11%
the specimen is of a cohesive type.
42%
the specimen is granular.
41%
the specimen is a soil type with a grain size less than 0.2 millimeters.
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📐 IMPORTANT NOTES: SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS 🏗️
Surveying instruments are essential in civil engineering for measuring angles, determining elevations, measuring distances, and establishing accurate positions on construction sites.
🔹 1. THEODOLITE
A theodolite is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles accurately. It is commonly used in alignment, traversing, setting out, and construction surveying.
📌 Key points:
✅ Measures horizontal and vertical angles.
✅ Least count depends on the instrument model.
✅ Common examples include 20″ and 1′, depending on the instrument.
✅ Always check the manufacturer's specifications.
🔹 2. AUTOMATIC LEVEL & LEVELLING STAFF
An automatic level is used to determine differences in elevation between points. The levelling staff provides readings used to calculate reduced levels (RLs).
📌 Key points:
✅ Used for levelling and determining elevations.
✅ Helps establish formation levels, foundation levels, and road gradients.
✅ Reading precision depends on staff graduations, instrument quality, and observation technique.
✅ Staff graduations are commonly marked in centimetres, with finer subdivisions depending on the staff.
🔹 3. METRIC CHAIN
A metric chain is used to measure ground distances during surveying.
📌 Key points:
✅ Common standard lengths: 20 m and 30 m.
✅ Traditional metric chains may contain 100 or 150 links, respectively.
✅ Each link is typically 0.20 m long.
✅ Made of steel links with handles at both ends.
🔹 4. PRISMATIC COMPASS
A prismatic compass is used to measure magnetic bearings of survey lines.
📌 Key points:
✅ Helps determine the direction of survey lines.
✅ Commonly uses whole-circle bearings from 0° to 360°.
✅ Reading graduations depend on the instrument model.
✅ Magnetic interference from steel structures and electrical equipment can affect readings.
🔹 5. LANDINGS IN BUILDINGS
A landing is a horizontal platform provided between flights of stairs or at a change in direction.
📌 Key points:
✅ Provides a resting space.
✅ Improves stairway safety and circulation.
✅ Landing dimensions must comply with the applicable building code.
✅ Proper design considers stair width, accessibility, headroom, and occupant safety.
💡 CIVIL ENGINEERING TIP:
Choosing the correct surveying instrument and using proper measurement techniques are essential for accurate setting out, levelling, alignment, and construction quality control.
📚 Save this post for your civil engineering studies and site work!
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https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG
@etconp
Surveying instruments are essential in civil engineering for measuring angles, determining elevations, measuring distances, and establishing accurate positions on construction sites.
🔹 1. THEODOLITE
A theodolite is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles accurately. It is commonly used in alignment, traversing, setting out, and construction surveying.
📌 Key points:
✅ Measures horizontal and vertical angles.
✅ Least count depends on the instrument model.
✅ Common examples include 20″ and 1′, depending on the instrument.
✅ Always check the manufacturer's specifications.
🔹 2. AUTOMATIC LEVEL & LEVELLING STAFF
An automatic level is used to determine differences in elevation between points. The levelling staff provides readings used to calculate reduced levels (RLs).
📌 Key points:
✅ Used for levelling and determining elevations.
✅ Helps establish formation levels, foundation levels, and road gradients.
✅ Reading precision depends on staff graduations, instrument quality, and observation technique.
✅ Staff graduations are commonly marked in centimetres, with finer subdivisions depending on the staff.
🔹 3. METRIC CHAIN
A metric chain is used to measure ground distances during surveying.
📌 Key points:
✅ Common standard lengths: 20 m and 30 m.
✅ Traditional metric chains may contain 100 or 150 links, respectively.
✅ Each link is typically 0.20 m long.
✅ Made of steel links with handles at both ends.
🔹 4. PRISMATIC COMPASS
A prismatic compass is used to measure magnetic bearings of survey lines.
📌 Key points:
✅ Helps determine the direction of survey lines.
✅ Commonly uses whole-circle bearings from 0° to 360°.
✅ Reading graduations depend on the instrument model.
✅ Magnetic interference from steel structures and electrical equipment can affect readings.
🔹 5. LANDINGS IN BUILDINGS
A landing is a horizontal platform provided between flights of stairs or at a change in direction.
📌 Key points:
✅ Provides a resting space.
✅ Improves stairway safety and circulation.
✅ Landing dimensions must comply with the applicable building code.
✅ Proper design considers stair width, accessibility, headroom, and occupant safety.
💡 CIVIL ENGINEERING TIP:
Choosing the correct surveying instrument and using proper measurement techniques are essential for accurate setting out, levelling, alignment, and construction quality control.
📚 Save this post for your civil engineering studies and site work!
🌐ለተጨማሪ መረጃ እና ሌሎች የኮንስትራክሽን ዘርፍ ዜናዎች የ YouTube ገፃችን ከታች ባለው ሊንክ በመግባት SubScribe አርገው ቤተሰብ ይሁኑ👇
https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG
@etconp
❤7
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