👉Slab Leak 👇

@etconp

👉A slab leak refers to a water leak that occurs beneath a concrete slab foundation. These leaks can lead to significant damage if not addressed promptly.

🏷Here are some common reasons for slab leaks, along with descriptions:

💫1. Corrosion of Pipes

- Description: Over time, the pipes (often made of copper) beneath the slab can corrode due to various factors, including water quality (high levels of acidity or alkalinity), chemical reactions, and age. Corrosion weakens the pipes, leading to leaks.

- Causes: This is often exacerbated by the electrolytic action that occurs when different metals are in contact with water.

💫2. Earth Movement

- Description: Shifts in the ground beneath a building can create pressure on the pipes under the slab.
This movement can be due to factors such as settling, soil erosion, or seismic activity.

- Causes: Variations in moisture content in the soil can lead to expansion and contraction, causing the ground to settle unevenly.

💫3. Improper Installation

- Description: If the plumbing pipes were not installed correctly, they may be prone to damage or leaks.
This includes improper joints, inadequate supports, or insufficient protective measures.

- Causes: Poor workmanship or lack of adherence to plumbing codes during construction can lead to long-term issues.

💫4. High Water Pressure

- Description: Excessively high water pressure in the plumbing system can stress the pipes and lead to leaks. It can also cause joints to loosen over time, increasing the risk of leaks.

- Causes: High water pressure may result from municipal supply issues or problems with pressure-reducing valves.

💫5. Temperature Changes

- Description: Fluctuations in temperature can cause pipes to expand and contract. This constant movement can weaken the joints and fittings over time, leading to leaks.

- Causes: Seasonal changes or hot water running through cold pipes can cause significant temperature variations.

💫6. Poor Drainage

- Description: If drainage systems are inadequate or functioning poorly, water can pool around the foundation, increasing pressure on the pipes beneath the slab and leading to leaks.

- Causes: Clogged drains, improperly graded landscapes, or damaged gutters can all contribute to drainage issues.

💫7. Tree Roots

- Description: The infiltration of tree roots into plumbing systems can cause pipes to crack or break. Roots may seek out moisture and can grow into and around pipes, leading to leaks.

- Causes: Trees that are too close to the building’s foundation or plumbing systems can inflict structural damage.

💫8. Wear and Tear

- Description: Over time, pipes can simply wear out. The natural aging process can lead to cracks and weakness in the plumbing.

- Causes: Long-term use, along with exposure to various environmental stresses, can lead to pipe deterioration.

💫9. Chemical Reactions

- Description: Certain chemicals found in soils, or chemical reactions between different types of pipe materials, can lead to corrosion or deterioration of pipes.

- Causes: Soil composition, exposure to corrosive chemicals, and improper installation materials can all contribute.

📜Conclusion

⏺Detecting a slab leak early is crucial to prevent extensive damage to the foundation and the structure of a building. Signs of a slab leak may include unexplained increases in water bills, the sound of running water in the walls, damp or moldy spots on floors or walls, and hot spots on the floor in cases of hot water line leaks. If a slab leak is suspected, it's important to consult a professional plumber for evaluation and repair.

@etconp

👉The difference between footing and foundation

🏷Footings and foundations are both essential components of a building's structural system, but they serve different purposes and have distinct characteristics.

⏺Here’s a breakdown of their differences:

🌟1. Definition:

▶️Footing: A footing is a specific part of the foundation that directly supports the weight of the structure.
It is typically a concrete slab or a series of concrete blocks that distribute the load over a larger area to prevent settling.

▶️Foundation: The foundation is the entire system that supports a building, including footings, walls, and any other structural elements below ground level. It transfers the load of the building to the soil.

🌟. Function:

⏺Footing: Its primary function is to provide stability by spreading the weight of the structure over a larger area, reducing pressure on the soil beneath.

⏺Foundation: It serves to anchor the building to the ground, resist lateral forces (like wind and earthquakes), and prevent moisture from entering the structure.

🌟3. Location:

⏺Footing: Footings are located at the base of walls or columns, usually below the frost line in colder climates.

⏺Foundation: The foundation encompasses all elements below ground level, including footings, foundation walls, and any other structural components.

🌟4. Types:

⏺• Footing: Common types include spread footings, strip footings, and pad footings.

⏺Foundation: Types of foundations include shallow foundations (like spread footings) and deep foundations (like piles or drilled shafts).

🌟5. Construction Material:

⏺Both footings and foundations are typically made of concrete, but the specific design and reinforcement may vary based on their functions and loads.

📜Summary

In essence, the footing is a component of the foundation system, specifically designed to support and distribute loads from the structure above. The foundation as a whole includes all components that provide stability and support for a building.

Via Eagleng

@etconp

👉Tallest RCC dam in the world!

🏷The project is the natural extension of the biggest complex along the Gilgel Gibe River with the two other hydroelectric dams, Gibe I (completed and operational since 2004) and Gibe II (operational since 2010).

💫The works involved a RCC dam 250 m high, with a crest length of 630 m and a total volume of 6,214,000 m³ of concrete.

⭐️Located 450 km south west of the capital of #Ethiopia, the #hydroelectric plant boosts the national energy production by 85%, meeting the growing demand for energy within the country and enabling the development of integrated export networks to neighboring countries.

@etconp

👉እድሳት ላይ የነበረው የአፍሪካ አንድነት ድርጅት የተመሰረተበት አዳራሽ እድሳቱ ተጠናቅቆ ዛሬ ተመረቀ፡፡

🚧የተባበሩት መንግስታት ድርጅት ዋና ፀሃፊ አንቶኒዮ ጉቴሬዝ፣ ጠቅላይ ሚኒስትር ዐቢይ አህመድ፣ የአፍሪካ ህብረት ኮሚሽን ኮሚሽነር ሙሳ ፋቂ ማህማት እንዲሁም የተለያዩ ሀገራት አምባሳደሮች በተገኙበት የምረቃ ስነ - ስርዓቱ እየተካሄደ ይገኛል።

⏺ከዛሬ 61 ዓመታት በፊት በቀድሞ አጠራሩ የአፍሪካ አንድነት ድርጅት የአሁኑ የአፍሪካ ህብረት የተመሰረተበት በአፍሪካ ኢኮኖሚክ ኮሚሽን ቅጥር ግቢ የሚገኘው ’’የአፍሪካ አዳራሽ’’ እድሳት ላይ እንደነበር ነግረናችሁ ነበር፡፡

⏺የህንፃው ባለቤት የሆነው በተባባሩት መንግስታት ድርጅት የአፍሪካ ኢኮኖሚክ ኮሚሽን(ECA) ለእድሳት ስራው 57 ሚሊዮን ዶላር ወጪ አድርጓል፡፡

⏺ህንፃው 61 ዓመታትን ያስቆጠረ በመሆኑ በራሱ ቅርስ እንደሆነና በውስጡ የያዛቸው ቅርሶችም በጊዜ ብዛት እርጅና የተጫጫናቸው በመሆኑ እድሳቱ እንዳስፈለገና ከዛሬ በኋላ ለጎብኚዎች ክፍት እንደሚሆን የግንባታው የሲቪልና የአርኪቴክቸራል ስራዎች ተቆጣጣሪ የሆኑት አቶ ጌታቸው አርአያ ነግረውናል፡፡

⏺ታሪካዊው ህንፃ ከዚህ በሁኋላ የሚጎበኝ ሙዚየም ነው የሚሉት አቶ ጌታቸው በውስጡም አፍሪካ ከባርነትና ከቅኝ ግዛት በፊት እንዲሁም በሁዋላ ያላትን መልክ የሚያሳይ በሜተር አርቲስት አፍወርቅ ተክሌ የተሳለ የመስታወት ላይ ስዕል እንዲሁም  በአለ ፈለገሰላም የስነ ስዕል ተማሪዎች የታደሰው የመጀመሪያውን የአፍሪካ አንድነት ድርጅት የምስረታ ቻርተር የፈረሙ የ32 የአፍሪካ ሃገራት መሪዎችን የሚያሳይ የግርግዳ ላይ ስዕልን ጨምሮ 7 የሚደርሱ የስነ ጥበብ ስራዎች እንዳሉም ጠቁመዋል፡፡

⏺በተጨማሪም 50 በመቶ የቅርስ ጥገና የተደረገላቸው የመጀመሪያዎቹ የህብረቱ መሰብሰቢያ አዳራሽ ውስጥ ያሉ ወንበሮች፣ከተለያዩ ሃገራት በስጦታ የመተበረከቱ ቅርሶች ለእይታ የሚቀርቡበት ቋሚ ኤግዚብሽን ማዕከልም ይሆናል ብለዋል፡፡

⏺በህንፃው የመጀመሪያ ክፍል እነዚህን የጠቀስናቸውን ኢትዮጵያ ለህብረቱ ምስረታ የነበራት አስተዋኦ የሚያሳዩ የስዕል ስራዎችን ይዟል፡፡

⏺ሁለተናው ክፍል የፓን አፍሪካኒዝምን እንቅስቃሴና የዩኔስኮን አስተዋፅኦ የሚታይበት፤በ3ኛው ክፍል  ደግሞ የአፍሪካ ኢኮኖሚክ ኮሚሽንና የተባበሩት መንግስታት ድርጅትን ታሪክ የሚያሳዩ የእደ ጥበብ ስራዎች መያዙንም አቶ ጌታቸው ያብራራሉ፡፡

⏺የአፍሪካ አዳራሽ በግርማዊ ቀዳማዊ ሃይለ ስላሴ ተገንብቶና ጥር 29 ቀን  1953ዓ.ም ተመርቆ የአፍሪካ አንድነት ድርጅት መሰብሰቢያ አዳራሽ ይሆን ዘንድ በንጉሱ የተበረከተ እንደነበርና የአሁኑ የአፍሪካ ህብረት ህንፃ እስከሚገነባ ድረስ የህብረቱ መሰብሰቢያ እንደነበርም ታሪክ ይነግረናል፡፡

Via Sheger FM

@etconp

Intercon Construction Chemicals 
    
👉 Authorized agent of MC (Conmix), Weber and SIMENTEK

● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Concrete Repair, Grout   
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers 
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat, Rush Coat
● Quartz, Contextra
● Specialized paints (Thermal and Insulation Paints, Street and Playground Paints)
● Floor hardener, Epoxy              
● Geotextiles, Geo-membranes and other construction chemicals and materials

Tel: 0961955555 or 0961955559
Address: Signal, around signal mall

ታምራት  ፕሌት እና ጄቦልት አቅራቢ

👉ሁሉን በአንድ ቦታ የሚያገኙበት እና ለሁሉም ቅርብ

🔰ምን ይፈልጋሉ?

📌ፕሌትና ጄቦልት በፈለጉት አይነት የተዘጋጀ አለን

✂️ላሜራ ማስቆራረጥ ማስበሳት ወይንም ማሳጠፍ ከፈለጉ  እንዳያስቡ ሁሉንም ማሽኖች አስገብተናል

🔗ፌሮ (ቶንዲኖ) ጥርስ ማስበጀት ወይንም ማሳጠፍ ካሰቡ ለሱም ማሽኑ በጃችን ነዉ

📐ማንኛዉንም የሞደፊክ ስራዎችን የሚሰሩ ብቁ ባለሙያዎችም አሉን

☎️ይደዉሉልን ያማክሩን

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አድራሻችን፦ 1. መርካቶ
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👉FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE

🏷As the name implies, we are talking about concrete that incorporates various types of fiber in an attempt to improve its flexural strength and most of all its ductility, its ability to deform without braking.

⏺It is well known that one of the biggest weaknesses of concrete is its brittleness. Although it can handle massive loads when compressed, it will break easily when submitted to bending forces, as its flexural strength is typically 6-10 times lower than its compressive strength.

⏺It is in other words a very strong but rigid material that cannot bend without breaking.

▶️That is why reinforced concrete was introduced in the first place, to help concrete overcome its fundamental weakness by working together with steel, to combine the strengths of both materials and make concrete more flexible, resulting in much slimmer construction elements that enabled erection of high-rise buildings.

💫When designing fiber reinforced ready-mix concrete, the following things should be taken into consideration:-

1. The type of fiber used: there is a variety of available fibers (steel, glass, carbon, cellulose, polypropylene, structural synthetic) in different sizes and shapes, suitable for different applications.

Generally, steel and structural synthetic fibers are used for industrial floors in sizes that range from 2-6 cm length and 0.5-2 mm thickness.

An important parameter is the aspect ratio of the fiber, ranging from 30 to 120 for steel fibers, as it dictates the maximum quantity of fibers that can be incorporated in concrete.

The most important property of fibers is of course their flexural strength, which ranges from 650 MPa for structural synthetic to 1,100 MPa for steel fibers.

In case of a corrosive environment, the use of synthetic fibers instead of steel fibers is recommended, as steel is easily corroded.

2. The quantity of fibers used: it ranges from 20 to 60 kg/m3 of concrete for steel fibers, 1-3 kg/m3 for synthetic structural and 600-900 g/m3 for polypropylene fibers, although a study is always necessary to determine the quantity that gives the best results of strength with minimum impact on workability of concrete.

3. The maximum grain of concrete: for industrial floor applications, maximum grain will vary from 10 – 30 mm, depending on the thickness of the floor.

Usually, 10 mm is the maximum gravel size for floors up to 10 cm thickness, while 20-30 mm gravel is used for floors of higher thickness.

4. Compressive strength: typically, for industrial floors, a minimum C25/30 concrete is required to achieve the minimum surface wear and prolong service life.

5.Workability: fiber reinforced concrete has generally lower workability compared to normal concrete as a result of the entanglement of fibers and their bridging effect, therefore it is essential to aim for higher workability.

6.Pumpability: although fiber reinforced concrete is usually applied without pump, there are cases where the use of a normal or stationery pump is required.

Fiber reinforced concrete can be pumped, but the curve of the aggregates, the cement content, type and dosage of superplasticizer, workability and maximum dosage of fibers must be carefully adjusted.

Yonatan Tadesse PMP®

@etconp