👉Building construction

🚧Masonry

🏷Definitions of terms

1. Course : A course is a horizontal layer of bricks stones 

2. Bed : the surface of a stone perpendicular to the line of pressure of (lower surface of bricks or stones in each course)

3. Back : The inner surface of wall not exposed is called back. 
The material forming back is known as backing 

4. Face : The exterior of the wall exposed to weather is known 
as face. The material used in the facing of wall is known as 
facing

5. Hearting : It is the interior portion of a wall between facing 
and backing 

6. Head : It is a brick or stone, which lies with its greatest length  at right angles to the face of the work. 

7. Stretcher : It is a brick or a stone which lies with its congest 
side parallel to the face of the work 

8. Bond : The method of arranging bricks so that the individual  units are tied together
 
9. Spalls : The chips of stones used for filling the interstices in 
stone masonry
 
10. Quoins : The stones used for the corners of walls of structure 

11. Bat : It is a portion of a brick cut across the width. 

12. Closer: It is the portion of a brickcut in such a manner that its  one long face remains uncut 

13. Queen closer: it is the portion of a brick obtained by cutting a  brick length-wise into two portions

14. King closer: It is the portion of brick obtained by cutting off 
the triangular piece between the centre of one end and the 
centre of one side. 

15. Bevelled closer: It is the portion of a brick in which the 
whole length of the brick is bevelled for maintaining half 
width at one end and full width at the other 

16. Frog : It is an indentation or depression on the top face of a 
brick made with the object of forming a key for the mortar. 

17. Sill : It is a horizontal stone, concrete or wood, employed for 
the purpose of shedding off rain water from the face of wall 
immediately below the window opening 

18. Corbel : It is the extension of one or more course of stone or 
brick from the face of a wall to serve as a support for wall 
plates

19. Templates : Pieces of stones placed under the end of a beam 
to distribute load over a greater area. 

20. Coping : It is the course placed upon the exposed top of an  external wall to prevent the seepage of water 

21. Buttress : It is a sloping or stepped masonry projection from a  tall wall intended to strengthen the wall against the thrust of a roof.

@etconp

Intercon Construction Chemicals 
    
👉 Authorized agent of MC (Conmix), Weber and SIMENTEK

● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Concrete Repair, Grout   
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers 
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat, Rush Coat
● Quartz, Contextra
● Specialized paints (Thermal and Insulation Paints, Street and Playground Paints)
● Floor hardener, Epoxy              
● Geotextiles, Geo-membranes and other construction chemicals and materials

Tel: 0961955555 or 0961955559
Address: Signal, around signal mall

👉"የባለሙያውን ሚና ላይ አሉታዊ ተፅዕኖ ሊያሳድሩ የሚችሉ እና እንደ ስጋት የጠቀስናቸውን ጉዳዮች ተመልሰውልናል " -የኢትዮጵያ አርክቴክቶች ማህበር

የሕዝብ ተወካዮች ም/ቤት የኢትዮጵያ ሕንፃዎች አዋጅን፤ አዋጅ ቁጥር 1356/2017 አድርጎ በሙሉ ድምጽ ማጽደቁ ይታወሳል።

አዋጁ የወጣው በነባሩ የኢትዮዽያ ህንፃ ሕግ ይታዩ የነበሩ ክፍተቶችን በመሙላት የህዝብ መገልገያ ህንፃዎች ለአካል ጉዳተኞች ተደራሽነትንና ተጠቃሚነትን ለማረጋገጥ ለማስቻል ነው ተብሏል።

አዋጁ ከመጽደቁ በፊት ረቂቁ ለከተማ መሰረተ ልማት እና ትራንስፖርት ጉዳዮች ቋሚ ኮሚቴ በቀረበበት ወቅት ረቂቁ ከዚህ ቀደም የነበረውን "ባለሞያ ተኮር " ሂደት በአዲሱ ረቂቅ "ድርጅት" ተኮር እንዲሆን መደረጉ አግባብ አይደለም በሚል ከኢትዮጵያ አርክቴክቶች ማህበር እና ከሌሎችም ትችት ሲቀርብበት ነበር።

ከዚህ ቀደም በነበረው አዋጅ ባለሞያ ተኮር የሆኑ እና የባለሞያውንም የሞያ ክብር የሚያረጋግጡ አንቀጾች በአዲሱ ረቂቅም እንዲካተቱ እና ወደ ድርጅት ተኮር ወደ ሆነ አሰራር እንዳይቀየሩ የኢትዮጵያ አርክቴክቶች ማህበር ጠንከር ያለ ክርክር ሲያደርግ ቆይቷል።

ክርክር ሲያደርግ ከቆየባቸው ነጥቦች ውስጥ አዋጁ ማተኮር ያለበት እያንዳንዱ ባለሞያ ማለትም አርክቴክት፣ ስትራክቸራል ኢንጂነር፣ የኤሌክትሪክ ባለሞያ የሚመለከተውን ስራ ብቻ እንዲሰራ አዋጁ ማረጋገጥ አለበት የሚለው አንዱ ነው።

ይህ ካልሆነ ድርጅቱ እነዚህን ባለሞያዎች ቀጥሮ ሲያሰራ ሃላፊነታቸውን በትክክል መወጣታቸውን በማያረጋግጥ መንገድ ከመሆኑም በላይ ጥቅሙ ወደ ድርጅት ሲሄድ ጥፋት ሲኖር ግን የጥፋት ተጠያቂነትን ወደ ባለሞያው የሚያመጣ አሰራር መሆኑን ሲገልጽ ቆይቷል።

በተጨማሪም የህንጻ ዲዛይን ስራን ማንኛውም ሰርተፍኬት ያለው ባለሞያ ወይም ሌላ ሰው ማስተባበር እንዲችል በመጀመሪያው ረቂቅ ላይ መቅረቡ አግባብ አለመሆኑን እና ሁሉም ሙያውን አክብሮ እንዲሰራ መደረግ እንዳለበትም ሲገልጽ ቆይቷል።

የማህበር ፕሬዝዳንት አርክቴክት ሐብታሙ ጌታቸው ለቲክቫህ ኢትዮጵያ እንደተናገሩት "ረቂቁ ላይ ሃሳባችንን ከሰጠን በኋላ የመጨረሻ ረቂቁን የማየት እድል አልነበረንም አሳዩን ስንል እናንተ የምትሰጡትን ግብአት ስለጨረሳችሁ ተሳትፏቹ አልቋል ስንባል ከተጠያቂነት ለመዳን በሚል ረቂቁ በሙያ እና በሙያ ባለሙያ ላይ ስጋት የሚያሳድር በመሆኑ ስጋቶች አሉን በሚል አቋማችንን አሳውቀናል" ብለዋል።

ማህበሩ በወቅቱ በአቋም መግለጫው ያሳወቃቸው እና በረቂቁ ላይ መካተት አለባቸው በማለት አጽንኦት የሰጠባቸው ነጥቦች

1) አዋጁ ድርጅት ተኮር ሳይሆን ባለሙያ ተኮር ተደርጎ መዘጋጀት እንዳለበት።

2 ) የሙያ ጥሰት ተጠያቂነት የሚመጣው በገለልተኛ የባለሙያ ቦርድ ተገምግሞ እንጂ ሚዛናዊነትን ባልጠበቀ መልኩ አንድ ተቋም ራሱ ከሳሽ ራሱ መርማሪ እና ራሱ ፈራጅ መሆን እንደሌለበት።

3 ) የሕንፃ ዲዛይን ስራ የአርክቴክቱ የፈጠራ ውጤት እንደመሆኑ በብቸኝነት የዲዛይን ስራን ማስተባበር ያለበት አርክቴክቱ መሆን አለበት የሚሉ ነበሩ።

የማህበሩ ፕሬዝዳንት አርክቴክት ሐብታሙ በአቋም መግለጫው የተካተቱት ነጥቦች በትክክል መመለሳቸውን እና በአዋጁ ተካተው እንዲጸድቁ መደረጉን ነግረውናል።

"በተለይ የባለሙያውን ሚና ላይ አሉታዊ ተፅዕኖ ሊያሳድሩ የሚችሉ እና እንደ ስጋት የጠቀስናቸውን መሰረታዊ ጉዳዮች በሙሉ ምላሽ በማግኘታቸው ይህንን ድምፃችንን ሰምተው ተገቢውን ማስተካከያ ያደረጉ አካላትን በሙሉ ማህበሩ ማመስገን ይፈልጋል" ብለዋል።

"በብዛት እኛ ሃገር ያለው ልምምድ እንደሚያሳየው የህንጻውን ዲዛይን የሰራው ባለሞያ ሳይሆን ሌሎች ገብተው ህንጻውን ሲያምሱት ይታያል መጨረሻ ላይ ተጠያቂ የሚሆነው ግን ዲዛይነሩ ነው የአሁኑ አዋጅ ግን በግልጽ ህንጻውን ዲዛይን ያደረጉት ሰዎች ገብተው ሥራውን ሰርተው ተቆጣጥረው የማስረከብ ሃላፊነትን ከተጠያቂነት ጋር ሰጥቷል ለዚህም ምስጋና አለን" ብለዋል።

የማህበሩ ፕሬዝዳንት "ገለልተኛ የሞያ አጣሪ ቦርድ የሚለው ወይም በአቋም መግለጫው ላይ በሁለተኛነት የተቀመጠው ይቀራል በደንብ እና በመመሪያ ጸንቶ ይወጣል ብለን እናስባለን ተጠሪነቱ ለተቋሙ መሆን የለበትም ነው የምንለው የፍትህ መዛባት እንዳያስከትል ይህን መለየት አለብን የሚል አቋም አለን "ሲሉ አክለዋል።

Via Tikvah Ethiopia

@etconp

👉What are the Difference Between Culverts and Drainage Systems?

🚧Culverts and drainage systems are both essential components of road infrastructure.

⏺They allow water to flow under a roadway or other obstruction.

▶️Typically made of concrete, steel, or other durable materials, they are designed to withstand heavy loads and high water volumes.

💫Culverts;

Culverts are usually found across roads, allowing water to flow from one side of the road to the other.

Their primary purpose is to prevent flooding, protect roads and bridges from erosion, and improve water quality by filtering out pollutants.

💫Drainage Systems;

Drainage systems, on the other hand, are designed to collect and channel water away from the road surface.

Typically located along roads, drainage systems collect water that falls on the road surface and channel it away.

These systems can include ditches, gutters, storm sewers, and other components that help manage runoff.

⭐️Conclusion;

🏷In conclusion, culverts and drainage systems serve different purposes, but both are critical components of road infrastructure.

⏺Culverts allow water to flow under roads, while drainage systems collect and channel water away from the road surface.

⏺By working together, these two systems help keep roads safe and protect nearby communities from flooding and erosion.

@etconp

👉Overview of Construction Project KPIs

🏷Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are essential metrics used to evaluate the success and efficiency of construction projects.

⏺They help project managers monitor various aspects such as time, cost, quality, and safety, enabling informed decision-making and effective project management.

🏷Essential Categories of Construction KPIs

💫1-Schedule KPIs Planned vs. Actual Timeline (PvA)

▶️This KPI compares the planned schedule against the actual progress, identifying delays and helping to keep projects on track.

⏺Schedule Performance Index (SPI): Measures how well a project adheres to its schedule, with values greater than 1 indicating that the project is ahead of schedule4.

💫2-Cost KPIs Cost Variance (CV):

⏺This KPI assesses the difference between planned and actual expenditures, providing insights into budget management.

⏺Net Cash Flow: Calculated as Net Cash Flow=Money Coming In−Money Going Out
Net Cash Flow=Money Coming In−Money Going Out, it measures the liquidity of a construction firm.

💫3-Quality Control KPIs

⏺Passed-to-Total Inspection Ratio: A critical measure of project quality, indicating how many inspections were passed versus the total conducted Number of Defects and Rework .

⏺Rate: These metrics help identify quality issues early, reducing costs associated with rework.

💫4-Safety KPIs

▶️Incident Rate: This KPI quantifies workplace safety by measuring the number of incidents per 100 employees over a year.

⏺Near-Miss Reporting: Tracking near-misses can help organizations proactively address potential hazards before they result in accidents.

💫5-Productivity KPIs

⏺Labor Productivity: Measured by output per labor hour, this KPI helps assess workforce efficiency and effectiveness.

⏺Resource Utilization Rate: This metric evaluates how effectively human and material resources are being used throughout the project lifecycle.

🌟Conclusion

⏹Construction KPIs play a vital role in managing projects effectively by providing measurable insights into various performance aspects. By focusing on key areas such as schedule adherence, cost management, quality control, safety practices, and productivity metrics, construction managers can enhance decision-making processes and ultimately improve project outcomes.

Via Yonatan Tadesse PMP

@etconp

👉Building Spatial Design
Definition

🚧Accessible - a site, building, facility or portion thereof that can be approached, entered and used by physically disabled persons.

🚧Approved - approved by the building official having jurisdiction.

🚧Balcony - a horizontal projection, including a hard nail, or balustrade to serve as an outside space.

🚧Basement - that portion of a building that is partly or completely below grade.

🚧Building line - the line established by law, beyond which a building shall not extend, except as specifically provided by law.

🚧Building official - the officer or other designated authority charged with the administration and enforcement of this code, or duly authorized representative.

🚧Court - an open, uncovered space, unobstructed to the sky, bounded on three or more sides by exterior building walls or other enclosing devices.

🚧Combination sign - a sign incorporating any combination of the features of pole, projecting and roof signs.

🚧Dwelling - a building that contains one or two dwelling units used, intended or designed to be used, rental, leased, let or hired out to be occupied for living purposes.

🚧Exit - a passage or means of egress from any building, storeys or floors to street or other open space of safety.

🚧Fire door - a door and it's assembly so constructed and assembled in place as to give protection against the passage of fire.

@etconp

Intercon Construction Chemicals 
    
👉 Authorized agent of MC (Conmix), Weber and SIMENTEK

● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Concrete Repair, Grout   
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers 
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat, Rush Coat
● Quartz, Contextra
● Specialized paints (Thermal and Insulation Paints, Street and Playground Paints)
● Floor hardener, Epoxy              
● Geotextiles, Geo-membranes and other construction chemicals and materials

Tel: 0961955555 or 0961955559
Address: Signal, around signal mall

ታምራት  ፕሌት እና ጄቦልት አቅራቢ

👉ከ አባይ ግድብ እስከ ኮሪደር ልማት

ከግለሰብ ቤቶች እስከ ተቋማት እና

መጋዘኖች በሁሉም የኢትዮጽያ ክፍል

አሻራችንን አሳርፈናል

🔰ምን ይፈልጋሉ?

✂️ላሜራ መቁረጫ ÷ ማጠፊያ እና መብሻ ማሽኖች አሉን

🔗ፌሮ (ቶንዲኖ) ጥርስ ማስበጀት ወይንም ማሳጠፍ ካሰቡ ለሱም ማሽኑ በጃችን ነዉ

📐ማንኛዉንም የሞደፊክ ስራዎችን የሚሰሩ ብቁ ባለሙያዎችም አሉን

☎️ይደዉሉልን ያማክሩን

📍ኢትዮጵያ ዉስጥ የትም እንልክሎታለን

አድራሻችን፦
                    ቁ.1 መርካቶ
                    ቁ.2 ተክለሀይማኖት
                     ቁ.3 አየር ጤና

0904040477
0911016833

👉What is horizontal directional drilling?

@etconp👇👇👇

👉What is horizontal directional drilling?

🏷Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is a construction technique whereby a tunnel is drilled under a waterway or other designated area, and a pipeline or other utility is pulled through the drilled underground tunnel.

⏺The underground tunnel follows an arc line from the entry point, down under the special crossing area, and then resurfaces on the opposite side.

⏺Using advanced technology and highly trained technicians, a drill head guides the drilling pipe electronically to ensure the angle, depth, and exit point adhere to carefully designed engineering plans.

▶️Throughout the drilling process, the tunnel is kept open and lubricated by circulating a watery mud-slurry mixture, typically composed of about 95% water and 5% bentonite clay—a natural, non-toxic substance.

⏺The drilling mud also helps coat the walls of the tunnel and remove drill cuttings.

⭐️When the tunnel is 12 inches wider than the diameter of the pipe going through it, the welded pipeline segment can be pulled through the underground arched tunnel from one end to the other end.

⏺These pipeline segments are typically made of thicker steel and have a protective first layer of coating to prevent corrosion and a second abrasionresistant coating to protect the pipe during the pull through the tunnel.

💫The two ends of the pipeline segment can then be welded together with the rest of that pipeline system.

@etconp

👉ስራ ፈላጊዎች በተለይም አዲስ ምሩቃን ስራ እናገናኛለን ከሚሉ አጭበርባሪዎች ተጠንቀቁ‼️

@etconp

https://t.me/ETCONpWORK/2714?single

👉የስዊዝ ቦይን ይቀናቀናል የተባለው የ17 ቢሊየን ዶላር ግዙፍ ፕሮጀክት

🚧መርከቦች በስዊዝ ቦይ በኩል ለማለፍ የሚወስድባቸውን ጊዜ እስከ 15 ቀናት ማሳጠር ይችላል ተብሏል በአገልግሎቱ የግብጹን ስዊዝ ቦይ ይቀናቀናል የተባለ ግዙፍ የመንገድ ፕሮጀክት ወደ ተግባር ለመግባት የእቅድ ስራው በመጠናቀቅ ላይ እንደሚገኝ ተሰምቷል።

🏷17 ቢሊየን ዶላር ያወጣል የተባለው ሜጋ ፕሮጀክት ከ1198 ኪሎሜትር በላይ እርዝማኔ እንደሚኖረው ተነግሮለታል።

⏺ምዕራብ እስያ እና አውሮፓን በማገናኘት ያልተቆራረጠ የምርት ዝውውር ያሳልጣል የተባለ ሲሆን፤ ሁለቱ አህጉሮች ምርት ለመለዋወጥ በስዊዝ ቦይ ላይ ያላቸውን ጥገኝነት እንደሚቀንስ ተስፋ ተጥሎበታል የመንገድ ግንባታው መነሻውን ከቱርክ ሰሜናዊው ድንበር አድርጎ እስከ ደቡባዊ የፋርስ ባህረ ሰላጤ ድረስ ይዘረጋል።

⏺የመንገድ ፣ የባቡር ሀዲድ ፣ የወደብ እና የከተማ መንገዶችን ከሀገር አቋራጭ መንገዶች ጋር ማገናኘትን ያቀፈው ይህ ሜጋ ፕሮጀክት በእስያ እና በአውሮፓ መካከል ያለውን የጉዞ ጊዜ ለመቀነስ ያለመ ነው፡፡

⏺በሁለቱ አህጉራት መካከል ለሚገኝው ኢኮኖሚያዊ ግንኙነት ወሳኝ የንግድ መስመር ለሆነው የግብጹ ስዊዝ ቦይ ተፎካካሪ የመሆን እድሉም ከፍተኛ መሆኑ ተመላክቷል ።

ቱርክ ላይ የንግድ ኮሪደር ከዘረጋ በኋላ የኢራቅን ዓለም አቀፍ ተሰሚነት እንዲሁም የሀገር ውስጥ ኢኮኖሚዋን እና መሠረተ ልማትን ያጠናክራል ተብሎ ይጠበቃል።

የኢራቅ ጠቅላይ ሚኒስትር መሐመድ ሺዓ አልሱዳኒ ፕሮጀክቱ በዘላቂነት ከነዳጅ ጥገኝነት የተላቀቀ ኢኮኖሚን ለመገንባት የማዕዘን ድንጋይ ነው ያሉ ሲሆን፤ ኢራቅንና አካባቢውን የሚጠቅም ለቀጠናዊ ትስስር እና ለኢኮኖሚ ውህደት የሚኖረውም ድርሻ ከፍተኛ ስለመሆኑ አንስተዋል::

የኢራቁ “የግራንድ ፎው ፖርት” በዚህ መንገድ የሚተላለፉ ምርቶችን ጭነው የሚመጡ መርከቦችን ለማስተናገድ ሃላፊነት ተጥሎበታል፡፡

እንደ ሀገሪቱ የትራንስፖርት ሚኒስትር መረጃ ከሆነ ይህ ወደብ እስከ19.5 ሜትር ጥልቀት ያላቸው ትላልቅ የንግድ መርከቦችን ማስተናገድ ይችላል።

ከግብጹ ስዊዝ ካናል ጋር ሲነፃፀርም በጉዞ ጊዜ ከ12 እስከ 15 ቀናት መቆጠብ እንደሚችልም ተሰምቷል፡፡

ሚኒስትሩ ራዛቅ ሙሂቢስ አልሳዳዊ “በዚህ ፕሮጀክት ኢራቅ እና ቱርክ የጂኦፖለቲካዊ ጠቀሜታ ያገኛሉ፤ ነገር ግን ሙሉ በሙሉ ከፖለቲካ የጸዳ ኢኮኖሚ ላይ ያተኮረ ብቻ ይሆናል” ብለዋል፡፡

በሶስት አመት ለማጠናቀቅ እቅድ የተያዘለት ሜጋ ፕሮጀክት በበርካታ ተፅዕኖ ፈጣሪ ሀገራት ድጋፍ ያገኘ ሲሆን፤ አረብ ኤሚሬትስ እና የኳታር መንግስታት ባለፈው ክረምት በፕሮጀክቱ የጋራ ልማት ዙርያ ስምምነት ተፈራርመዋል።

Via Alain

@etconp

👉አዲስ የመጽሀፍ ጥቆማ

💫Modernism in Africa.

⭐️በዘጠኝ አፍሪካ አገራት ያሉትን የዘመናዊውን ዘይቤ ህንጻ ንድፍ የተተነተነበት እጅግ ጠቃሚ መጽሀፍ በበይነ መረብ በነጻ የተለቀቀ ሲሆን  መጽሀፉን ከላይ በተያያዘው ፒዲኤፍ  አውርዶ ማንበብ ይቻላል፡፡

@etconp