👉What is horizontal directional drilling?

@etconp👇👇👇

👉What is horizontal directional drilling?

🏷Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is a construction technique whereby a tunnel is drilled under a waterway or other designated area, and a pipeline or other utility is pulled through the drilled underground tunnel.

⏺The underground tunnel follows an arc line from the entry point, down under the special crossing area, and then resurfaces on the opposite side.

⏺Using advanced technology and highly trained technicians, a drill head guides the drilling pipe electronically to ensure the angle, depth, and exit point adhere to carefully designed engineering plans.

▶️Throughout the drilling process, the tunnel is kept open and lubricated by circulating a watery mud-slurry mixture, typically composed of about 95% water and 5% bentonite clay—a natural, non-toxic substance.

⏺The drilling mud also helps coat the walls of the tunnel and remove drill cuttings.

⭐️When the tunnel is 12 inches wider than the diameter of the pipe going through it, the welded pipeline segment can be pulled through the underground arched tunnel from one end to the other end.

⏺These pipeline segments are typically made of thicker steel and have a protective first layer of coating to prevent corrosion and a second abrasionresistant coating to protect the pipe during the pull through the tunnel.

💫The two ends of the pipeline segment can then be welded together with the rest of that pipeline system.

@etconp

👉ስራ ፈላጊዎች በተለይም አዲስ ምሩቃን ስራ እናገናኛለን ከሚሉ አጭበርባሪዎች ተጠንቀቁ‼️

@etconp

https://t.me/ETCONpWORK/2714?single

👉የስዊዝ ቦይን ይቀናቀናል የተባለው የ17 ቢሊየን ዶላር ግዙፍ ፕሮጀክት

🚧መርከቦች በስዊዝ ቦይ በኩል ለማለፍ የሚወስድባቸውን ጊዜ እስከ 15 ቀናት ማሳጠር ይችላል ተብሏል በአገልግሎቱ የግብጹን ስዊዝ ቦይ ይቀናቀናል የተባለ ግዙፍ የመንገድ ፕሮጀክት ወደ ተግባር ለመግባት የእቅድ ስራው በመጠናቀቅ ላይ እንደሚገኝ ተሰምቷል።

🏷17 ቢሊየን ዶላር ያወጣል የተባለው ሜጋ ፕሮጀክት ከ1198 ኪሎሜትር በላይ እርዝማኔ እንደሚኖረው ተነግሮለታል።

⏺ምዕራብ እስያ እና አውሮፓን በማገናኘት ያልተቆራረጠ የምርት ዝውውር ያሳልጣል የተባለ ሲሆን፤ ሁለቱ አህጉሮች ምርት ለመለዋወጥ በስዊዝ ቦይ ላይ ያላቸውን ጥገኝነት እንደሚቀንስ ተስፋ ተጥሎበታል የመንገድ ግንባታው መነሻውን ከቱርክ ሰሜናዊው ድንበር አድርጎ እስከ ደቡባዊ የፋርስ ባህረ ሰላጤ ድረስ ይዘረጋል።

⏺የመንገድ ፣ የባቡር ሀዲድ ፣ የወደብ እና የከተማ መንገዶችን ከሀገር አቋራጭ መንገዶች ጋር ማገናኘትን ያቀፈው ይህ ሜጋ ፕሮጀክት በእስያ እና በአውሮፓ መካከል ያለውን የጉዞ ጊዜ ለመቀነስ ያለመ ነው፡፡

⏺በሁለቱ አህጉራት መካከል ለሚገኝው ኢኮኖሚያዊ ግንኙነት ወሳኝ የንግድ መስመር ለሆነው የግብጹ ስዊዝ ቦይ ተፎካካሪ የመሆን እድሉም ከፍተኛ መሆኑ ተመላክቷል ።

ቱርክ ላይ የንግድ ኮሪደር ከዘረጋ በኋላ የኢራቅን ዓለም አቀፍ ተሰሚነት እንዲሁም የሀገር ውስጥ ኢኮኖሚዋን እና መሠረተ ልማትን ያጠናክራል ተብሎ ይጠበቃል።

የኢራቅ ጠቅላይ ሚኒስትር መሐመድ ሺዓ አልሱዳኒ ፕሮጀክቱ በዘላቂነት ከነዳጅ ጥገኝነት የተላቀቀ ኢኮኖሚን ለመገንባት የማዕዘን ድንጋይ ነው ያሉ ሲሆን፤ ኢራቅንና አካባቢውን የሚጠቅም ለቀጠናዊ ትስስር እና ለኢኮኖሚ ውህደት የሚኖረውም ድርሻ ከፍተኛ ስለመሆኑ አንስተዋል::

የኢራቁ “የግራንድ ፎው ፖርት” በዚህ መንገድ የሚተላለፉ ምርቶችን ጭነው የሚመጡ መርከቦችን ለማስተናገድ ሃላፊነት ተጥሎበታል፡፡

እንደ ሀገሪቱ የትራንስፖርት ሚኒስትር መረጃ ከሆነ ይህ ወደብ እስከ19.5 ሜትር ጥልቀት ያላቸው ትላልቅ የንግድ መርከቦችን ማስተናገድ ይችላል።

ከግብጹ ስዊዝ ካናል ጋር ሲነፃፀርም በጉዞ ጊዜ ከ12 እስከ 15 ቀናት መቆጠብ እንደሚችልም ተሰምቷል፡፡

ሚኒስትሩ ራዛቅ ሙሂቢስ አልሳዳዊ “በዚህ ፕሮጀክት ኢራቅ እና ቱርክ የጂኦፖለቲካዊ ጠቀሜታ ያገኛሉ፤ ነገር ግን ሙሉ በሙሉ ከፖለቲካ የጸዳ ኢኮኖሚ ላይ ያተኮረ ብቻ ይሆናል” ብለዋል፡፡

በሶስት አመት ለማጠናቀቅ እቅድ የተያዘለት ሜጋ ፕሮጀክት በበርካታ ተፅዕኖ ፈጣሪ ሀገራት ድጋፍ ያገኘ ሲሆን፤ አረብ ኤሚሬትስ እና የኳታር መንግስታት ባለፈው ክረምት በፕሮጀክቱ የጋራ ልማት ዙርያ ስምምነት ተፈራርመዋል።

Via Alain

@etconp

👉አዲስ የመጽሀፍ ጥቆማ

💫Modernism in Africa.

⭐️በዘጠኝ አፍሪካ አገራት ያሉትን የዘመናዊውን ዘይቤ ህንጻ ንድፍ የተተነተነበት እጅግ ጠቃሚ መጽሀፍ በበይነ መረብ በነጻ የተለቀቀ ሲሆን  መጽሀፉን ከላይ በተያያዘው ፒዲኤፍ  አውርዶ ማንበብ ይቻላል፡፡

@etconp

👉Borrow material and Selected material

🚧In construction, borrow material is a naturally occurring material used to create fill and structural elements, while selected material is a material chosen to meet specific project requirements:

💫Borrow material

🏷A naturally occurring material that's excavated from a borrow pit and used to create fill and structural elements like embankments.

⏺Borrow material is selected to meet the project's grading, stability, and load-bearing capacity requirements.

💫Selected material

🏷A material chosen to meet specific project requirements. When selecting construction materials, factors to consider include strength, durability, cost, availability, and climate.

⭐️When selecting a borrow area, it's important to consider the quantity and quality of the fill, as well as the type of equipment that will be used.

@etconp

👉Bleeding & Segregation in Concrete

🚧Bleeding

➡️Bleeding is a form of segregation in which water present in the concrete mix is pushed upwards due to the settlement of cement and aggregate.

➡️The specific gravity of water is low, due to this water tends to move upwards.

➡️Bleeding ordinarily occurs in the wet mix of concrete.

➡️The Prime factor for bleeding in concrete is the high dosage of Water cement ratio.

➡️Higher water-cement ratio weakens concrete and leads to excessive bleeding.

➡️The bleeding in concrete is not harmful if the rate of evaporation of water is equal to the rate of bleeding.

➡️Normal bleeding is quite good, and it enhances the workability of concrete.

➡️When the concrete is fully plastic, bleeding may not cause much harm. However, concrete is still in the plastic stage later it is subsidized and compacted.

🚧Segregation

▶️Segregation is the “Separation of constituent materials in concrete"

➡️In concrete technology segregation is of three types

⏺1. Separation of Coarse aggregate from the concrete mixture.

⏺2. Separation of Cement pastes from the concrete during its plastic stage.

⏺3. Separation of water from the concrete mix (Bleeding in concrete)

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@etconp

Intercon Construction Chemicals 
    
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● Concrete Admixtures
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● Wall Putty, Prime Coat, Rush Coat
● Quartz, Contextra
● Specialized paints (Thermal and Insulation Paints, Street and Playground Paints)
● Floor hardener, Epoxy              
● Geotextiles, Geo-membranes and other construction chemicals and materials

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ታምራት  ፕሌት እና ጄቦልት አቅራቢ

👉ከ አባይ ግድብ እስከ ኮሪደር ልማት

ከግለሰብ ቤቶች እስከ ተቋማት እና

መጋዘኖች በሁሉም የኢትዮጽያ ክፍል

አሻራችንን አሳርፈናል

🔰ምን ይፈልጋሉ?

✂️ላሜራ መቁረጫ ÷ ማጠፊያ እና መብሻ ማሽኖች አሉን

🔗ፌሮ (ቶንዲኖ) ጥርስ ማስበጀት ወይንም ማሳጠፍ ካሰቡ ለሱም ማሽኑ በጃችን ነዉ

📐ማንኛዉንም የሞደፊክ ስራዎችን የሚሰሩ ብቁ ባለሙያዎችም አሉን

☎️ይደዉሉልን ያማክሩን

📍ኢትዮጵያ ዉስጥ የትም እንልክሎታለን

አድራሻችን፦
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                     ቁ.3 አየር ጤና

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👉ስለ STAIRS ትንሽ ጠቃሚ ሃሳብ እንማማር 👇

🚧Calculations for the construction of stairs, ramps and guards are set out in various national building regulations.

💫The guidelines here are based on German standards.

▶️Dwellings with no more than two flats must have an effective stair width of at least 0.80 m and 17/29 rise-to-tread ratio. Stairs which are not strictly covered by building regulations may be as little as 0.50m wide and have a 21/21 ratio.

⏺Stairs governed by building regulations must have a width of 1.00m and a ratio of 17/28.

⏺In high rise flats they must be 1.25 m wide

⏺The length of stair runs from 23 steps up to 18 steps --> @ Landing length = n times the length of stride + 1 depth of step (e.g. with a rise-to-tread ratio of 17/29 = 1 x 63 + 29 = 92 cm or 2 x 63 + 29 = 1.55 m).

⏺Doors opening into the stairwell must not restrict the effective width.

▶️The time required for complete evacuation must be calculated for stair widths in public buildings or theatres. Such staircases or front entrance steps are climbed slowly, so they can have a more gradual ascent.

▶️A staircase at a side entrance or emergency stairs should make a rapid descent easy.

▶️The experiences one has of ascending and descending stairs varies greatly with the stair design, for example there is a significant difference between an interior domestic design and a grand flight of entrance steps.

⏺Climbing stairs takes on average seven times as much energy as walking on the flat.

⏺From the physiological point of view, the best use of 'climbing effort' is with an angle of incline of 30° and a ratio of rise of:  rise of step/going of step; r/g= 17/29.

▶️The angle of rise is determined by the length of an adult's stride (about 61-64cm). To arrive at the optimum rise, which takes the least energy, the following formula can be applied: 2r+ g= 63cm (1 stride)

▶️In the dimensioning and design of flights of stairs, the function and purpose of the staircase is of primary importance, taking in the factors mentioned above.

▶️Not only is the gaining of height important, but also the way that the height is gained. For front door steps in frequent use, low steps of 16 x 30cm are preferable.

⏹However, stairs in a workplace, or emergency stairs, should enable height to be gained rapidly.

⏺Every main staircase must be set in its own continuous stairwell, which together with its access routes and exit to the open air, should be designed and arranged so as to ensure its safe use as an emergency exit. The width of the exit should be  greater than or equal tothe width of the staircase.

@etconp

👉እስቲ ኣሁን ደሞ ስለ lap length , Development length,Anchorage length ትንሽ እንንገራቹ።

🏷1. ላፕ ሌንግዝ (lap length) - ተፈላጊ የብረት (ፌሮ) ርዝመት
ውጥረትን (stresses) ከአንድ ብረት ወደሌላ የሚተላለፍበት ነዉ

⏺The lap length varies from member to member. Lap length for tension members = 40d

⏺Lap length for compression members = 50d Where, d = Diameter of bars.

🏷2. ደቨሎፕመንት ሌንግዝ (Development length) -ተፈላጊ
የብረት ርዝመት ውጥረትን (stresses) ከብረቱ ወደ ኮንክሪቱ የሚተላለፍበት ነው።

🏷3. አንኮሬጅ ሌንግዝ (Anchorage length) - ይህ ርዝመት አይነት በቂ የሆነ ደቨሎፕመንት ሌንግዝ (development
length ) በሌለባቸው በ Support / fixed ends ላይ provide የምናረገው ርዝመት ነው።

@etconp