👉በሳዑዲ ሁለት ኪሎ ሜትር ርዝመት ያለው ሰማይ ታካኪ ሕንፃን የሚገነቡ ሥራ ተቋራጮችን ለመምረጥ ጨረታ መውጣቱን፣ ኮንስትራክሽን ወርልድ "Bidding opens for Saudi Arabia’s 2km-tall tower" በሚል ርዕስ ባሰራጨው ዘገባ አስታውቋል።

በሳዑዲ አረቢያ ሰሜናዊ ግዛት 19 ስከዌር ኪሎ ሜትር ስፋት ባለው ቦታ ላይ በሚገነባው  "The North Pole Project" በሚል መጠሪያ በሚካሄድ የከተማ ፕሮጀክት ውስጥ ዋነኛው ሁለት ኪሎ ሜትር ርዝመት ያለው ሰማይ ታካኪ ሕንፃ (Rise Tower) ይገኝበታል።

678 ወለሎች ያሉት Rise Tower ጠቅላላ የግንባታው ጠቅላላ ወጪው 5 ቢሊዮን ዶላር ይደርሳል እየተባለ ነው።

የሳዑዲ Public Investment Fund (PIF) በግንባታው ለሚሳተፉ ሥራ ተቋራጮች በይፋ ጥሪ ያቀረበ ሲሆን፣  በጨረታው Aecom፣ Bechtel፣ Jacobs፣ Parsons እና Turner Construction ከአሜሪካ እንዲሁም Mace ከብሪታኒያ ሊሳተፉ ይችላሉ ከሚጠበቁ ሥራ ተቋራጮች መካከል በቀዳሚነት ይገኛሉ።
ከአንድ ወር በፊት ተርነር ኮንስትራክሽን ጂዳ ውስጥ ለሚገነባውና አንድ ኪሎ ሜትር ለሚረዝመው Jeddah Tower ፕሮጀክት ማናጀር ሆኖ ተመድቧል።

ተርነር ኮንስትራክሽን ከዚህ በፊትም 828 ሜትር የሚረዝመው ቡርጅ ከሊፋ ሕንፃ ግንባታ ፕሮጀክት ማኔጅመንት ሆኖ ግልጋሎት ሰጥቷል።

የዚህ ሰማይ ታካኪ ሕንፃን ዲዛይን ተሠርቶ የተጠናቀቀው በ 2022 ሲሆን አሸናፊ ዲዛይኑን የሠራው Foster + Partners የተባለ የአርክቴክቸር ተቋም ነው።

ይህ Tower የሚገነባበት ቦታ በሰሜናዊ ሳዑዲ ግዛት ውስጥ ከንጉስ ካሊድ አለም አቀፍ አየር ማረፊያ አጠገብ ሲሆን የዚህ አየር ማረፊያ ንድፍ አውጪው Foster ኩባንያ እንደነበረ መረጃዎች ያሳያሉ

@etconp

👉 INTERCON Construction Chemicals 

● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat
● Concrete Repair Mortar
● Floor hardener, Epoxy
● Grout, Self-level mortar
● Quartz paint, Contextra
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers 
● Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials

Tel: 0961955555
Address: Signal, around signal mall

👉 Understanding the FIDIC Red Book 4th Edition: A Pillar of Global Construction Contracts

💫Are you involved in international engineering projects? The FIDIC Red Book (Conditions of Contract for Works of Civil Engineering Construction, 4th Ed. 1987, amended 1988 & 1992) remains a cornerstone for managing risk, responsibilities, and collaboration in construction. Here’s why it matters:

🔹 Key Features

- Structured Framework: Part I (General Conditions) and Part II (Particular Application) work together to address project-specific needs while maintaining standardization.
- Roles Defined: Clear delineation of the Employer, Contractor, and Engineer ensures accountability. The Engineer acts impartially (Clause 2.6) to uphold fairness in decisions.
- Risk Allocation: From unforeseen site conditions (Clause 12) to force majeure (Clause 65), risks are systematically managed.
- Robust Dispute Resolution: Clause 67 outlines a step-by-step process—Engineer’s decision → Amicable Settlement → Arbitration—to resolve conflicts efficiently.

🔹 Why It’s Relevant Today

- Global Acceptance: Widely used for international tenders, it bridges legal and cultural gaps in cross-border projects.
- Continuous Updates: The 1988 and 1992 amendments reflect evolving industry practices, ensuring relevance.

- Focus on Compliance: Detailed clauses on insurance (Clause 21), defects liability (Clause 49), and payment mechanisms (Clause 60) safeguard all parties.

🔹 Practical Takeaways

- Clarity in Claims: Strict timelines for notices (28 days!) and documentation (Clause 53) prevent disputes from escalating.

- Balanced Responsibilities: The Contractor’s duty to “execute with due care” (Clause 8) vs. the Employer’s obligation to provide site access (Clause 42) creates mutual accountability.

Via Yontatan Tasesse PMP

@etconp

👉Detailed Factors Influencing Project Costs

*Introduction*
Project costs can be influenced by a multitude of factors, which can impact the overall success of a project. Understanding these factors is crucial for accurate cost estimation and effective project management. This section outlines the detailed factors influencing project costs.

*Geographical Considerations*
Geographical considerations play a significant role in determining project costs. The following factors should be taken into account:

* *Location*: Urban, suburban, or rural settings can impact unit prices. For instance, construction costs in big urban cities may be higher than in other parts of the small urban areas or rural areas of the country.
* *Accessibility*: Remote locations can increase costs due to transportation and logistics challenges. Projects in areas with limited access may require special transportation arrangements, adding to the overall cost.
* *Terrain*: Mountainous or uneven terrain can affect production rates and costs. Construction on difficult terrain may require specialist equipment and techniques, increasing costs.
* *Groundwater Conditions*: Dewatering requirements can add significant costs to projects. In areas with high water tables, dewatering may be necessary, adding to the project costs.

*Quantity Considerations*
The quantity of materials and resources required can impact project costs. The following factors should be considered:

* *Economies of Scale*: Larger quantities can lead to lower unit prices. Purchasing materials in bulk can reduce costs, but may also require additional storage and handling.
* *Material Shortages*: Shortages can drive up prices and impact project timelines. Material shortages can lead to delays and increased costs, highlighting the importance of effective supply chain management.

*Scheduling and Timing*
Scheduling and timing can significantly influence project costs. The following factors should be taken into account:

* *Seasonal Fluctuations*: Weather conditions, holidays, and seasonal demands can impact resource availability and costs. Construction projects may be affected by seasonal fluctuations in weather, leading to changes in resource availability and costs.
* *Advertisement Timing*: Advertising projects during peak construction seasons can attract more bidders and competitive pricing. The timing of project advertisements can impact the number of bidders and the competitiveness of pricing.

*Competition and Contractor Availability*
Competition and contractor availability can impact project costs. The following factors should be considered:

* *Number of Bidders*: A higher number of bidders can drive down prices. Increasing competition can lead to lower prices, but may also require more time and resources to manage the bidding process.
* *Contractor Availability*: Limited contractor availability can lead to higher prices. Contractor availability can impact project costs, highlighting the importance of effective contractor management.

*Specialist Work and Materials*
Specialist work and materials can add complexity and costs to projects. The following factors should be taken into account:

* *Unique Materials*: Specialist materials can be more expensive and harder to source. Unique materials may require special ordering, leading to increased costs and potential delays.
* *Specialist Labour*: Skilled labour for specialist work can command higher prices. Specialist labour may require higher wages, adding to the project costs.

*Right-of-Way and Permit Conditions*
Right-of-way and permit conditions can add significant costs to projects. The following factors should be considered:

* *Right-of-Way Acquisition*: Costs can vary widely depending on location and property values. Right-of-way acquisition can be a complex and costly process, requiring negotiations with landowners and potentially leading to delays.

@etconp

👉Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) blocks

https://t.me/ETCONpWORK

@etconp 👇

👉Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) blocks

💫Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) blocks are a type of precast building material used in construction.

🚧Composition:

* AAC is made from a mix of fine aggregates, cement, lime, water, and an expansion agent. The most common expansion agent is aluminum powder.

🚧What is expansion agent ?

* The aluminum powder which reacts with the lime and other ingredients, helps in creating tiny bubbles in the mixture.

* This process causes the mixture to expand and form a lightweight, and foamy material.

🏷Why is AAC Provided in building construction?

🚧Insulation:

* The air bubbles within AAC blocks provide excellent thermal insulation, helping to keep buildings warm in winter and cool in summer.

* This can reduce energy costs for heating and cooling.

🚧Lightweight:

*AAC blocks are about one-fifth the weight of conventional concrete, which makes them easier to handle and reduces the load on a building's foundation as well as

🚧Eco-friendly:

* The production of AAC blocks uses less energy and generates less waste compared to traditional concrete.

🚧Precision:

* AAC blocks are manufactured to precise dimensions, reducing the need for on-site cutting and also minimizing construction waste.

⭐️Where can we use them ?

* Walls: Both load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls.

* Partitions: Interior partitions due to their soundproofing and insulating properties.

* Apart from this, the size of AAC blocks comparatively to red bricks are bigger which requires less number of blocks to create a wall.

Via Yonatan Tadesse (PMP)®️

@etconp

👉Cracks on a concrete slab can occur due to various reasons

💫Here some common causes

1. Shrinkage: Concrete shrinks as it cures, leading to cracks.

2. Settlement: Soil settlement or uneven foundation can cause cracks.

3. Thermal expansion: Concrete expands and contracts with temperature changes, causing cracks.

4. Poor construction: Inadequate preparation, mixing, or finishing can lead to cracks.

5. Weak subbase: A weak or unstable subbase can cause cracks.

6. Overloading: Excessive weight or pressure can cause cracks.

7. Weathering: Exposure to weather, especially freeze-thaw cycles, can cause cracks.

8. Chemical damage: Exposure to chemicals, like salt or acid, can damage concrete.

9. Poor drainage: Water accumulation can cause erosion and cracks.

10. Soil movement: Soil movement or erosion beneath the slab can cause cracks.

11. Tree roots: Tree roots growing beneath the slab can cause cracks.

12. Poor curing: Inadequate curing can lead to weak concrete and cracks.

@etconp

ታምራት  ፕሌት እና ጄቦልት አቅራቢ

📌ፕሌትና ጄቦልት በፈለጉት አይነት የተዘጋጀ አለን

✂️ላሜራ መቁረጫ መብሻና  ማጠፊያ ማሽኖች አሉን

🔗ፌሮ (ቶንዲኖ) ጥርስ እናበጃለን እንዲሁም እናጥፋለን

📐ማንኛዉንም የሞደፊክ ስራዎችን እንሰራለን

📍ኢትዮጵያ ዉስጥ የትም እንልክሎታለን

አድራሻችን፦ ቁ.1 አዉቶብስ ተራ(መሳለሚያ)
                    ቁ.2 መርካቶ
                    ቁ.3 ተክለሀይማኖት

0904040477
0911016833

👉Foundation Settlement

💫Differential settlement in foundation soil occurs when different sections of a structure’s foundation settle at varying rates, leading to uneven support.

🚧This issue is typically caused by factors like variability in soil composition, irregular load distribution, and fluctuations in soil moisture.

⏺For instance, clayey soils can shrink or swell with moisture changes, resulting in one part of the foundation settling more than another.

▶️Other causes include differences in foundation depth or poor load distribution from structural elements, which can intensify pressure on certain areas of the foundation.

🏷The types of differential settlement include tipping or tilting, angular, rotational, rigid body, local, and uniform settlement with minor differential effects.

⏺Tipping settlement causes one side of the building to lean, while angular settlement creates a gradient across the structure, potentially leading to cracks. Rotational settlement, seen in buildings with isolated footings, involves localized rotation, while rigid body settlement occurs as the structure shifts slightly as a unit.

▶️Local settlement affects specific sections, often around concentrated loads, while uniform settlement may have differential effects due to minor soil variations, causing small structural issues.

🌟The consequences of differential settlement are often structural, affecting the building’s integrity and function. Cracks can appear in walls, floors, or foundations, and windows and doors may become misaligned, making them difficult to operate. Severe settlement can lead to water leakage through foundation cracks, increasing the risk of further foundation degradation. Preventing differential settlement requires soil testing, careful foundation design, load distribution measures, and moisture control techniques to ensure stability.

⏺These strategies can help manage or avoid differential movement, reducing risks to a structure’s durability and safety.

@etconp

👉Stair dimensions in Construction engineering

⏺When designing a staircase, it is essential to follow specific ratios to ensure comfort and safety:

✅ Step height (h): Generally between 15 and 17 cm
✅ Tread depth (g): Between 25 and 30 cm

⏺The classic relationship used to ensure a good balance between comfort and effort is the Blondel

⭐️formula: 2h + g = 60 to 64 cm

🔸 A well-designed staircase facilitates movement and reduces the risk of falling.

@etconp

#ScholarshipTip

💫ለ Mandela Rhodes Scholarships 2025-26 ያመልክቱ!

🚧በማንዴላ ሮድስ ፋውንዴሽን የሚሰጠው ነጻ ትምህርት ዕድል፣ ሙሉ ወጪዎ ተሸፍኖ በደቡብ አፍሪካ ትምህርትዎን/ምርምርዎን እንዲከታተሉ የሚያስችል ነው፡፡

⭐️ነጻ የትምህርት ዕድሉ በማስተርስ ደረጃ እንዲሁም ለምርምር የሚሰጥ ሲሆን፤ አፍሪካውያን ተማሪዎችን/ተመራማሪዎችን ተጠቃሚ ያደርጋል፡፡

⚡️የማመልከቻ ጊዜ የሚያበቃው፦ሚያዝያ 13/2017 ዓ.ም

ለማመልከት 👇
https://www.mandelarhodes.org/scholarship/apply/

@etconp

👉DIFFERENCES BETWEEN OPC AND PPC CEMENT?

   ✓ OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) and
   ✓  PPC (Portland Pozzolana Cement)

📜DESCRIPTION:

⏺are two types of cement that are commonly used in construction.

🏷Here are the main differences between them:

❇️DIFFERENCES ⤵️

🎲OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement)

1. Composition: OPC is made from a mixture of limestone, clay,and gypsum.

2. Properties: OPC has high early strength, high heat of hydration,and moderate sulfate resistance.

3. Uses: OPC is commonly used for general construction, such as building foundations, walls, and floors.

4. Cost: OPC is generally less expensive than PPC.

🎲PPC (Portland Pozzolana Cement)

1. Composition: PPC is made froma mixture of OPC and pozzolanic materials, such as fly ash or silica fume.

2. Properties: PPC has lower early strength, lower heat of hydration, and higher sulfate resistance than OPC.

3. Uses: PPC is commonly used for construction projects that require high durability, such as marine structures, bridges, and high-rise buildings.

4. Cost: PPC is generally more expensive than OPC.

⚡️Key differences

1. Strength: OPC has higher early strength than PPC, but PPC has higher long-term strength.

2. Heat of hydration: OPC has higher heat of hydration than PPC,which can lead to thermal cracking.

3. Sulfate resistance: PPC has higher sulfate resistance than OPC,which makes it more suitable for use in marine environments.

4. Workability: PPC has lower workability than OPC, which can make it more difficult to mix and place.

@etconp

👉SLUMP CONE TEST TYPES

💫Here are the four types of slump cone test results:
‎
🚧‎1. TRUE SLUMP

‎📜DESCRIPTION: A true slump occurs when the concrete slumps evenly and consistently, without any signs of collapse or shear.
‎
‎⏺CHARACTERISTICS: The slump is uniform, and the concrete maintains its shape.
‎
‎⏺INTERPRETATION: A true slump indicates that the concrete has good workability and is suitable for placement.
‎
‎🚧‎2. ZERO SLUMP

‎📜DESCRIPTION: A zero slump occurs when the concrete does not slump at all, or very little, after the cone is lifted.
‎use in RCC or low workability applications.
‎
‎⏺CHARACTERISTICS: The concrete remains in the shape of the cone, with little or no settlement.
‎
‎⏺INTERPRETATION: A zero slump indicates that the concrete is too stiff and may be difficult to place.
‎
‎🚧‎3. COLLAPSE SLUMP

‎📜DESCRIPTION: A collapse slump occurs when the concrete collapses or falls apart after the cone is lifted Also this Indicates there is much water.
‎
‎⏺CHARACTERISTICS: The concrete loses its shape and collapses, often with a loud noise.
‎
‎⏺INTERPRETATION: A collapse slump indicates that the concrete is too fluid and may be prone to segregation or bleeding.
‎
🚧‎4. SHEAR SLUMP

‎📜DESCRIPTION: A shear slump occurs when the concrete shears or breaks off at an angle after the cone is lifted Also This indicates I'm improper mix.
‎
‎⏺CHARACTERISTICS: The concrete breaks off at an angle, often with a clean fracture surface.
‎
‎⏺INTERPRETATION: A shear slump indicates that the concrete has poor cohesion and may be prone to shear failure.
‎
🎲‎These four types of slump cone test results provide valuable information about the workability and consistency of fresh concrete.
‎
@etconp

👉 INTERCON Construction Chemicals 

● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat
● Concrete Repair Mortar
● Floor hardener, Epoxy
● Grout, Self-level mortar
● Quartz paint, Contextra
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers 
● Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials

Tel: 0961955555
Address: Signal, around signal mall

ታምራት  ፕሌት እና ጄቦልት አቅራቢ

📍ኢትዮጵያ ዉስጥ የትም እንልክሎታለን

0904040477
0911016833

👉Contingency, Inflation, and Escalation in Construction Projects

*Introduction*

Construction projects are inherently uncertain, and factors such as risk and project complexity must be acknowledged early in the project development process. This section discusses the importance of contingency, inflation, and escalation in construction projects.

*Contingency*

Contingency funds are allocated to cover potential events and problems that have not yet been specifically identified. The amount of contingency applied to a project depends on factors such as design stage and project complexity.

*Development Contingency*
Development contingency is applied during the planning and scoping phases of a project. As the project design matures, the uncertainty decreases, and the contingency amount can be reduced.

*Key Considerations*

- Development contingency is separate from construction contingency
- The purpose of development contingency is to align the estimating process with project phases, scope development, confidence level, and decision-making processes
- Development contingency should be handled separately from construction contingency

*Construction Contingency*

Construction contingency is reserved to cover potential risks or events that may arise during construction, such as change orders or cost overruns. A general construction contingency factor of 5% is commonly used.

*Key Considerations*

- Construction contingency is typically reserved for unforeseen events during construction
- A general construction contingency factor of 5% is commonly used
- Construction contingency should be reviewed and updated regularly during the construction phase

*Inflation*

Inflation is the rate of increase in prices of goods and services over time. It is measured using indexes such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Inflation affects the purchasing power of money and can impact construction project costs.

*Key Considerations*

- Inflation is a key factor in construction project costs
- Inflation can affect the purchasing power of money
- Inflation should be considered when estimating construction project costs

*Escalation*

Escalation refers to the change in price levels due to underlying economic conditions. It is affected by factors such as technology, productivity, and market conditions. Escalation can vary between regions, procurement strategies, and construction elements.

*Applying Escalation*

Escalation can be applied to any bid item, but it is essential to track price trends for high-cost items such as roadway excavation, aggregates, surfacing, and structures. The estimation of future escalation rates is based on historical price changes, potential changes in market conditions, and supply and demand responses.

*Key Considerations*

- Escalation can vary between regions, procurement strategies, and construction elements
- Escalation should be considered when estimating construction project costs
- Historical price changes, market conditions, and supply and demand responses should be used to estimate future escalation rates

*Common Cost Components*

Several common cost components are typically used in construction projects, including:

- *Asphalt*: A common material used in road construction
- *Concrete*: A common material used in building construction
- *Steel*: A common material used in building construction
- *Aggregate*: A common material used in road construction
- *Fuel*: A common cost component in construction projects
- *Lumber and Wood Products*: Common materials used in building construction
- *Machinery and Equipment*: Common cost components in construction projects
- *Electrical and Lighting Equipment*: Common materials used in building construction
- *Right of Way*: A common cost component in construction projects
- *Labour*: A common cost component in construction projects

These components are subject to escalation and inflation, and their prices can vary depending on market conditions and location.

@etconp

👉Optimizing Parking Layouts and Ramps

💫Designing a parking area? Here's a professional guide to making the most of your space while ensuring safety and efficiency!

⏺ Parking Dimensions: From minimum widths to clearance requirements, this blueprint demonstrates optimal space planning for vehicles. For example, did you know an 8'-0" (2440) minimum space is standard for parking ease? 🚘

⏺Ramp Safety: Highlighting transition slopes, ramp gradients (8% or 16%), and overhead clearances, this design ensures smooth, safe vehicle movement.

🚧Efficiency and thoughtful design make a huge difference!

@Eagleng