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๐Ÿ”จ World Construction Engineering
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๐Ÿ‘‰แ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ฐแˆ…แŠ•แАแ‰ต แˆ•แŒŽแ‰ฝ แŠ แˆˆแˆ˜แŠจแ‰ แˆซแ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ แˆแˆญแ‰ณแˆ›แАแ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ฐแŒฝแ‹•แŠ– แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแ‹ซแˆ˜แŒฃ แ‰ฐแŒˆแˆˆแŒธ

โบแ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ฐแˆ…แŠ•แАแ‰ต (แˆดแแ‰ฒ) แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆˆแŠจแ‰ฐ แˆแˆ‰แˆ แŠƒแˆ‹แŠแАแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ฐแŒ แ‹ซแ‰‚แАแ‰ต แ‹ซแˆˆแ‰ แ‰ต แ‰ขแˆ†แŠ•แˆ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แˆ€แŒˆแˆญ แ‹จแ‹ˆแŒก แˆ•แŒแŠ“ แ‹ฐแŠ•แ‰ฆแ‰ฝ แ‰ แŠ แŒแ‰ฃแ‰ก แŠ แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰ฐแˆญแŒŽแˆ แ‰ แˆแˆญแ‰ณแˆ›แАแ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แŒซแŠ“ แŠฅแ‹ซแˆณแ‹ฐแˆจ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘ แ‰ฐแŒˆแˆˆแŒธแกแก

แ‰ แ‹จแ‹“แˆ˜แ‰ฑ แˆšแ‹ซแ‹แ‹ซ 23 แ‰€แŠ• แ‰ฐแŠจแ‰ฅแˆฎ แ‹จแˆšแ‹แˆˆแ‹แŠ• แ‹“แˆˆแˆ แŠ แ‰€แ แ‹จแˆ แˆซแ‰ฐแŠžแ‰ฝ แ‰€แŠ• แŠ แˆตแˆ˜แˆแŠญแ‰ถ แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆ แˆซแ‰ฐแŠ› แˆ›แŠ…แ‰ แˆซแ‰ต แŠฎแŠ•แŒแ‹ดแˆฌแˆฝแŠ• (แŠขแˆ แˆ›แŠฎ) แ•แˆฌแ‹šแ‹ณแŠ•แ‰ต แŠ แ‰ถ แŠซแˆณแˆแŠ• แŽแˆŽ แŠจแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ•แˆฌแˆต แ‹ตแˆญแŒ…แ‰ต แŒ‹แˆญ แ‰ฃแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ‰แ‰ต แ‰†แ‹ญแ‰ณ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแŒˆแˆˆแŒนแ‰ตแค แ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ฐแˆ…แŠ•แАแ‰ตแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแŒ แ‰ฅแ‰ แˆ•แŒŽแ‰ฝ แ‹ซแˆ‰ แ‰ขแˆ†แŠ•แˆ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แˆ€แŒˆแˆญ แ‰ฐแˆแŒปแˆšแАแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ แŠ แŒแ‰ฃแ‰ก แˆตแˆ‹แˆแ‰ณแ‹จ แ‰ แˆแˆญแ‰ตแŠ“ แˆแˆญแ‰ณแˆ›แАแ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠจแ แ‹ซแˆˆ แ‰ฐแŒฝแ‹•แŠ– แŠฅแ‹จแˆแŒ แˆจ แАแ‹แกแก
แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แŠ แ‰ถ แŠซแˆณแˆแŠ• แŒˆแˆˆแŒปแค แ‰ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ณแŠ•แ‹ต แ‹แ‰ฅแˆชแŠซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‹ฐแŒแˆž แ‰ แŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แ‰ฆแ‰ณแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠ แ‹ฐแŒ‹แ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹ญแ‹ฐแˆญแˆณแˆ‰แข แ‰ แˆšแŒˆแˆญแˆ แˆแŠ”แ‰ณ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ณแŠ•แ‹ต แ‹จแˆšแ‹ฐแˆญแˆฑแ‰ต แŠ แ‹ฐแŒ‹แ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹ฐแŒแˆž แ‰ แ‰€แˆ‹แˆ แ‹ˆแŒชแŠ“ แŒฅแŠ•แ‰ƒแ‰„ แˆ˜แŠจแˆ‹แŠจแˆ แ‹จแˆšแ‰ปแˆ‰ แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹แข แŒแŠ• แ‹ฐแŒแˆž แ‹จแˆฐแ‹ แˆ•แ‹ญแ‹ˆแ‰ต แŠฅแ‹จแ‰€แŒ แ‰ แŠ•แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ต แŠฅแ‹ซแ‹ˆแ‹ฐแˆ™แŠ“ แ‰ แˆแˆญแ‰ณแˆ›แАแ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠจแ แ‹ซแˆˆ แ‰ฐแ…แ‹•แŠ–แŠ• แŠฅแ‹ซแˆณแ‹ฐแˆฉ แАแ‹แข

แˆˆแˆฅแˆซ แ‰ฆแ‰ณ แŒคแŠ“แŠ“ แ‹ฐแˆ…แŠ•แАแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆจแŒ‹แŒˆแŒฅ แˆ แˆซแ‰ฐแŠ›แ‹ แŠ แˆตแˆแˆ‹แŒŠ แ‹จแ‹ฐแˆ…แŠ•แАแ‰ต แˆ˜แŒ แ‰ แ‰‚แ‹ซ แ‰แˆถแ‰ฝแŠ• แฃแ‰ แ‰‚ แ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แ‹ฐแˆ…แŠ•แАแ‰ต แˆฅแˆแŒ แŠ“ แˆ›แ‰…แˆจแ‰ฅ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ แˆฅแˆซ แ‰ฆแ‰ณแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆ แˆซแ‰ฐแŠžแ‰ฝ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแАแˆทแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แ‹จแ‹ฐแˆ…แŠ•แАแ‰ต แ‰…แˆฌแ‰ณแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ˜แŠจแ‰ณแ‰ฐแˆ แ‹จแŠ แˆ แˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŒแ‹ดแ‰ณ แАแ‹ แ‹ซแˆ‰แ‰ต แŠ แ‰ถ แŠซแˆณแˆแŠ•แค แˆ†แŠ–แˆ แˆ•แŒ แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ›แŠญแ‰ แˆญ แŒฅแ‰‚แ‰ต แ‹ˆแŒชแŠ• แˆ‹แˆˆแˆ›แ‹แŒฃแ‰ต แ‰ฅแ‹™ แˆฐแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆˆแˆžแ‰ตแŠ“ แŠ แŠซแˆ แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‰ต แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹ณแˆจแŒ‰ แˆแˆญแ‰ตแŠ“ แˆแˆญแ‰ณแˆ›แАแ‰ตแˆ แ‰ แ‹›แ‹ แˆแŠญ แŠฅแ‹จแ‹ˆแˆจแ‹ฐ แАแ‹ แ‰ฅแˆˆแ‹‹แˆแข

โšก๏ธแ‰ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แ‹˜แˆญแ‰ แ‰ฅแ‹™ แˆ แˆซแ‰ฐแŠ› แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆณแ‰ตแ แ‰ แ‹šแˆ แˆแŠญ แ‹ฐแŒแˆž แ‰ แˆ›แˆ…แ‰ แˆซแ‰ต แˆ˜แ‹ฐแˆซแŒ€แ‰ตแŠ“ แ‹จแŠฅแŠ› แŠ แ‰ฃแˆ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆ†แŠ• แŠฅแ‹ตแˆ แ‹จแˆŒแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘ แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ซแ‹ฉ แŒŠแ‹œแ‹ซแ‰ต แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‰ถแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠฅแ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฐแŠ“แŒˆแ‹ฐ แАแ‹ แ‰ฅแˆˆแ‹‹แˆแข

แ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ฐแˆ…แŠ•แАแ‰ต แ‹จแˆ›แ‹ญแАแŠซแ‹ แŠ แŠซแˆ แ‹จแˆˆแˆ แ‹จแˆšแˆ‰แ‰ต แŠ แ‰ถ แŠซแˆณแˆแŠ•แค แˆฐแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹ฐแˆ…แŠ•แАแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ฐแŒ แ‰ฅแ‰† แŠ แˆตแˆแˆ‹แŒŠแ‹ แ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ฐแˆ…แŠ•แАแ‰ต แ‰ตแŒฅแ‰… แ‰ฐแˆŸแˆแ‰ถแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แˆ˜แˆฅแˆซแ‰ต แŠซแˆแ‰ปแˆ‰ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แˆ€แŒˆแˆญ แ‰€แ‹แˆฑ แŠจแ‰ฃแ‹ต แАแ‹แข แˆˆแˆแˆณแˆŒ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แˆฐแ‹ แ‰ แ‹šแˆ… แˆฅแˆซ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ฐแˆ แˆ›แˆญแ‰ถ แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฅ แŠฅแ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ณแ‹ฐแˆจ แ‰ แŒฅแŠ•แ‰ƒแ‰„ แŒ‰แ‹ตแˆˆแ‰ต แˆ•แ‹ญแ‹ˆแ‰ฑ แŠ แ‹ฐแŒ‹ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ขแ‹ˆแ‹ตแ‰… แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ก แˆˆแ‰ฝแŒแˆญ แ‹ญแŒ‹แˆˆแŒฃแˆแฃ แŠ แˆ แˆชแ‹ แ‰ แˆฅแˆซแ‹ แˆแˆแ‹ต แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹แŠ• แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ™แ‹ซแ‹แŠ• แ‹ซแŒฃแˆแฃ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆฅแ‰ตแˆ แ‰ฐแŒŽแŒ‚ แ‹ญแˆ†แŠ“แˆแข แŠจแ‹šแˆ… แˆ˜แАแˆปแАแ‰ตแˆ แ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ฐแˆ…แŠ•แАแ‰ต แ‰…แ‹ตแˆšแ‹ซ แˆŠแˆฐแŒ แ‹ แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแ‰ฃ แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ญ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘แŠ• แŒ แ‰แˆ˜แ‹‹แˆแข

แŠฎแŠ•แŒแ‹ดแˆฌแˆฝแŠ‘แˆ แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ•แŠ• แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ญ แ‰ แ‰ตแŠฉแˆจแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแŠจแ‰ณแ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ แŒˆแˆแŒธแ‹แค แ‹˜แˆญแ‰แŠ• แ‹จแˆšแ‰†แŒฃแŒ แˆจแ‹ แŠ แŠซแˆ แˆˆแˆ แˆซแ‰ฐแŠžแ‰ฝ แ‹ฐแˆ…แŠ•แАแ‰ต แ‰…แ‹ตแˆšแ‹ซ แ‰ตแŠฉแˆจแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆฐแŒฅ แˆแˆแŒŠแ‹œแˆ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแŒ แ‹ญแ‰ แŠ แˆ˜แˆแŠญแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆแข

แ‹“แˆˆแˆ แŠ แ‰€แ‰ แ‹จแˆ แˆซแ‰ฐแŠžแ‰ฝ แ‰€แŠ• แ‰ แ‹“แˆˆแˆ แŠ แ‰€แ แ‹ฐแˆจแŒƒ แˆˆ 136แŠ› แ‰ แˆ€แŒˆแˆซแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹ฐแŒแˆž แˆˆ50แŠ› แŒŠแ‹œ แ‹ญแŠจแ‰ แˆซแˆ แค แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ•แŠ•แˆ แ‰€แŠ• โ€œแˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆฅแ‰ต แˆˆแŒฅแ‹ซแ‰„แ‹Žแ‰ปแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠ แ‹แŒฃแŠ แˆ˜แˆแˆต แ‹ญแˆตแŒฅโ€ แ‰ แˆšแˆ แˆ˜แˆช แ‰ƒแˆ แŠฅแŠ“แŠจแ‰ฅแˆจแ‹‹แˆˆแŠ• แ‹ซแˆ‰แ‰ต แŠ แ‰ถ แŠซแˆณแˆแŠ•แค แ‹ญแˆ… แˆ˜แˆช แ‰ƒแˆ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆจแŒ แ‹แˆ แˆˆแˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆฅแ‰ต แ‹ซแ‰€แˆจแ‰ฅแŠ“แ‰ธแ‹ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ซแ‹ฉ แŒฅแ‹ซแ‰„แ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠฅแˆตแŠจ แŠ แˆแŠ• แˆแˆ‹แˆฝ แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ›แŒแŠ˜แ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹ แАแ‹ แ‰ฅแˆˆแ‹‹แˆแข

แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แŠ แ‰ถ แŠซแˆณแˆแŠ• แŒˆแˆˆแŒปแค แ‹แ‰…แ‰ฐแŠ› แ‹จแ‹ฐแˆ˜แ‹ˆแ‹ แ‹ˆแˆˆแˆแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แˆ€แŒˆแˆญ แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฃแˆซแ‹Š แ‹ญแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ แฃ แŠจแˆ แˆซแ‰ฐแŠ›แ‹ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆšแ‰†แˆจแŒ แ‹ แ‹จแŒแ‰ฅแˆญ แˆ˜แŒ แŠ• แˆ›แˆปแˆปแ‹ซ แ‹ซแˆตแˆแˆแŒˆแ‹‹แˆ แ‹จแˆšแˆ‰แŠ“ แˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝ แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ฎแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆˆแŒ แ‰…แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆšแŠ’แˆตแ‰ตแˆญ แ‹แ‰ขแ‹ญ แŠ แˆ•แˆ˜แ‹ต (แ‹ถ/แˆญ) แ‰ แŒฅแ‹ซแ‰„ แˆ˜แˆแŠญ แŠ แ‰…แˆญแ‰ แŠ• แˆแˆ‹แˆฝ แ‰ฅแŠ•แŒ แ‰ฃแ‰ แ‰…แˆ แˆ˜แˆแˆต แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ›แŒแŠ˜แ‰ณแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹›แˆฌแˆ แ‰€แŠ‘แŠ• แŠฅแŠ“แˆตแ‰ฃแˆˆแŠ• แˆฒแˆ‰ แŠ แˆ˜แˆแŠญแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆแข

Via แŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แ‹˜แˆ˜แŠ•

@etconp
๐Ÿ‘12โค1
๐Ÿ‘‰ INTERCON Construction Chemicals 

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๐Ÿ‘2โค1
๐Ÿ‘‰What is Asphalt Mix Design?

๐Ÿ’ซAsphalt mix design is the process of finding the right combination of materials (asphalt binder, aggregates, filler) to make strong, durable, and long-lasting roads.

๐ŸทSimple Example:

โบImagine you're baking a cake. You need:

๐Ÿ’ซFlour (like aggregate),

๐Ÿ’ซSugar and eggs (like filler),

๐Ÿ’ซOil or butter (like asphalt binder).

๐ŸŽฒYou mix these in the right proportions to get the best taste and texture. If you use too much oil (binder), the cake is greasy. If too little, itโ€™s dry and crumbly.

๐ŸŒŸIn Asphalt Mix:

Letโ€™s say we want to design 1 cubic meter of asphalt mix for a road.

Materials:

Coarse aggregate: 55%

Fine aggregate (sand): 30%

Filler (dust or cement): 5%

Bitumen (asphalt binder): 10%

Step-by-Step Process:

Select Materials
Choose good quality stone, sand, filler, and bitumen.

Trial Blends
Mix different percentages to find the best combination.

Test Samples in Lab
Perform tests like:

Stability test (Marshall Stability)

Flow test

Air voids

Voids in Mineral Aggregate (VMA)

Pick the Best Mix
Choose the blend that gives high strength, enough air voids, and good flexibility.

Conclusion:

Asphalt mix design is like finding the perfect recipeโ€”balancing strength, flexibility, and durability to build roads that donโ€™t crack, rut, or fail quickly.

@etconp
๐Ÿ‘19โค9๐Ÿ”ฅ2
๐Ÿ‘‰แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‰ฆแ‰ณแŠ• แˆ›แˆตแˆจแŠจแ‰ฅ

๐Ÿšงแ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‰คแ‰ต (Client) แˆˆแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆฅแˆซ แˆ˜แˆฐแŠ“แŠญแˆ แŠจแˆ†แŠ‘ แАแŒˆแˆฎแ‰ฝ (แˆˆแˆแˆณแˆŒแฆ แ‹จแŠซแˆณ แŒฅแ‹ซแ‰„ แŠจแˆšแ‹ซแАแˆฑ แˆฐแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰แŒฅแŒฅแˆญแฃ แŠจแˆ˜แ‰ฅแˆซแ‰ตแฃ แŠจแ‹แˆƒแฃ แŠจแ‰ดแˆŒ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ“ แˆ˜แˆฃแˆชแ‹ซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ) แ‰ แˆ›แŒฝแ‹ณแ‰ต แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แАแŒป แ‰ แˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แ‹แŒแŒ แ‹จแˆ†แА แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‰ฆแ‰ณแŠ• แˆˆแˆฅแˆซ แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆซแŒฉ (Contractor) แ‹จแˆ›แˆตแˆจแŠจแ‰ฅ แˆ•แŒ‹แ‹Š แŠƒแˆ‹แŠแАแ‰ต แŠ แˆˆแ‰ แ‰ตแข

๐Ÿ’ซแ‰ฃแˆˆแ‰คแ‰ฑ แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‰ฆแ‰ณแ‹แŠ• แˆแŠญแŠ•แ‹ซแ‰ณแ‹Š แ‰ แˆ†แА แŒŠแ‹œ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แˆˆแˆฅแˆซ แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆซแŒฉ แŠซแˆ‹แˆตแˆจแŠจแ‰  แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆ›แˆตแˆจแŠจแ‰ขแ‹ซ แŒŠแ‹œ แˆ˜แˆซแ‹˜แˆ/แˆ˜แ‹˜แŒแ‹จแ‰ต/ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆˆแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแŠจแ‰ตแˆˆแ‹ แŠชแˆณแˆซ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‹ˆแŒช แŠƒแˆ‹แŠแАแ‰ฑแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแ‹ˆแˆตแ‹ต แ‹จแˆ•แŠ•แŒป แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‹ฐแŠ•แ‰ฆแ‰ฝ (Standard Building Contract with quantities) แ‰ แŠ แŠ•แ‰€แŒฝ 2.4 แŠฅแŠ“ 2.24 แˆตแˆญ แ‹จแˆฐแˆแˆจ แ‹ตแŠ•แŒ‹แŒŒ แАแ‹แข

@etconp
โค7๐Ÿ‘7
แ‰ณแˆแˆซแ‰ต  แ•แˆŒแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แŒ„แ‰ฆแˆแ‰ต แŠ แ‰…แˆซแ‰ข

๐Ÿ“Œแ•แˆŒแ‰ตแŠ“ แŒ„แ‰ฆแˆแ‰ต แ‰ แˆแˆˆแŒ‰แ‰ต แŠ แ‹ญแАแ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ€ แŠ แˆˆแŠ•

๐Ÿ“แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹‰แˆตแŒฅ แ‹จแ‰ตแˆ แŠฅแŠ•แˆแŠญแˆŽแ‰ณแˆˆแŠ•


0904040477
0911016833
๐Ÿ‘5โค1
๐Ÿ‘‰The Importance of Planning and Programming in Construction Project Management

๐Ÿ’ซEffective planning and programming are crucial to the success of any construction project. Over the past years, these fundamental building blocks have been essential in project management and control systems, with some organisations giving them equal weight to budgeting and cost management functions.

*Critical Path Method (CPM) Programming*

CPM programming is the planning technique most commonly used in the construction industry today. This tried and tested method, based on critical path analysis principles established in the 1950s, remains largely unchanged over the past years.

*Project Planning Stage*

The project planning stage is the most critical phase in developing an effective baseline programme. During this stage, the project definition is established, and the professional team considers key factors, including:

- Feasibility: Is the project feasible?
- Buildability: Can the project be built?
- Technical constraints: Are there any technical limitations?
- Geographical constraints: Are there any geographical limitations?
- Time constraints: Are there any time constraints?
- Financial constraints: Are there any financial limitations?

*Preparing a Construction Programme*

Preparing a construction programme involves several key steps, including:

- Creating a work breakdown structure (WBS)
- Applying CPM programming fundamentals
- Identifying critical paths and dependencies
- Establishing realistic timelines and milestones

*Record Keeping and Delay Analysis*

Good record keeping is essential for delay analysis. Accurate records are necessary to:

- Track progress
- Identify delays
- Analyse causes of delays
- Determine responsibility for delays

*Predatory Programming Practices*

Finally, it is essential to be aware of predatory programming practices, which can include:

- Unrealistic timelines
- Insufficient resources
- Inadequate risk allocation
- Unclear scope definition

By being aware of these practices, you can detect and defend against them, ensuring that your construction project is managed effectively and efficiently.

*Conclusion*

In conclusion, planning and programming are critical components of construction project management. By understanding the importance of CPM programming, the project planning stage, and the process of preparing a construction programme, you can ensure that your project is managed effectively and efficiently. Remember to keep accurate records, be aware of predatory programming practices, and always prioritise effective planning and programming.

@etconp
๐Ÿ‘15โค9
๐Ÿ‘‰แ‹จแŠ แˆญแ‰ฃแˆแŠ•แŒญ แŠ แˆˆแˆ แŠ แ‰€แ แˆตแ‰ณแ‹ฒแ‹จแˆ

1๏ธโƒฃ แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ณแ‹Š แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‹ˆแŒชแ‹ 8 แ‰ขแˆŠแ‹ฎแŠ• แ‹ญแ‹ฐแˆญแˆณแˆแฃ

2๏ธโƒฃ แŠจ25 แˆบแˆ… แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆแŠซแ‰พแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹ฐแˆจแŒƒแ‹แŠ• แ‰ แŒ แ‰ แ‰€ แ‹ˆแŠ•แ‰ แˆญ แˆ˜แ‹ซแ‹ แ‹จแˆšแ‰ฝแˆแค

3๏ธโƒฃ แŠ แˆˆแˆ แŠ แ‰€แ แ‹จแŠ แ‰ตแˆŒแ‰ตแŠญแˆต แ‹แ‹ตแ‹ตแˆฎแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆ›แŠซแˆ„แ‹ต แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฝแˆ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆฎแŒซ แˆ˜แˆแฃ

4๏ธโƒฃ แ‹จแŠ แแˆชแŠซ แ‹‹แŠ•แŒซ แˆแ‹ตแ‰ฅ แŒจแ‹‹แ‰ณแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆแˆ แ‹จแˆดแ‰ถแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹จแŠ แแˆชแŠซ แ‹‹แŠ•แŒซ แแŒปแˆœ แˆ›แˆตแ‰ฐแŠ“แŒˆแ‹ต แ‹จแˆšแ‰ฝแˆแฃ

5๏ธโƒฃ แŠจแ‹‹แŠ“แ‹ แˆตแ‰ณแ‹ฒแ‹จแˆ แŒŽแŠ• แ‹ฐแˆจแŒƒแ‹แŠ• แ‹จแŒ แ‰ แ‰ แˆแˆˆแ‰ต แˆŸแˆŸแ‰‚แ‹ซ แ‰ฃแˆˆ แˆ˜แˆ
แˆœแ‹ณแ‹Žแ‰ฝแฃ

6๏ธโƒฃ แ‹จแˆ˜แ‹แŠ“แŠ› แŠฅแŠ“ แˆแ‹ฉ แˆแ‹ฉ แŒแˆแŒ‹แˆŽแ‰ต แˆตแแˆซแ‹Žแ‰ฝแฃ

7๏ธโƒฃ แŠจ1000 แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆ˜แŠชแŠ“ แˆ›แ‰†แˆšแ‹ซ แ“แˆญแŠชแŠ•แŒแฃ

8๏ธโƒฃ แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ฑแŠ• แ‰ แˆแˆˆแ‰ต แ‹“แˆ˜แ‰ต แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‹ญแŒ แŠ“แ‰€แ‰ƒแˆแฃ

9๏ธโƒฃ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณแ‹ แŠจ14 แ‰ แˆ˜แ‰ถ แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ฐแˆญแˆทแˆแฃ

๐Ÿ”Ÿ แŠจ300 แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆ แˆซแ‰ฐแŠžแ‰ฝ แ‰ แ‰‹แˆšแАแ‰ต แ‰ แˆณแˆแŠ•แ‰ต แˆฐแ‰ฃแ‰ต แ‰€แŠ• แ‹ญแˆ แˆซแˆ‰แฃ

@etconp
๐Ÿ‘14โค9
Formwork shall not be removed untill strength is achieved by how much times
Anonymous Quiz
27%
1.25
24%
1.5
26%
1.75
23%
2
โค12๐Ÿ™4๐Ÿ‘2๐Ÿฅฐ1
A Simply supported beam at the both ends carrying moment then it will be the case of
Anonymous Quiz
20%
Pure shear
49%
Pure bending
25%
Both
5%
None
๐Ÿ™9๐Ÿ‘4
Unit if torsional stiffness can be
Anonymous Quiz
18%
N/m
15%
N-m
56%
N/m2
10%
N-m2
๐Ÿ™10๐Ÿ‘2๐Ÿ‘1
In case of torsion for brittle material max principle stress devloped at an angle of _____ degree from longitudinal axis
Anonymous Quiz
59%
45
25%
90
12%
120
5%
60
๐Ÿ‘7โค1
In which of the following technique the start of the activity can be shifted by available float so that peak demand doesn't cross available resource
Anonymous Quiz
19%
Resources smoothing
47%
Resources levelling
19%
Resources loading
15%
Updating
๐Ÿ‘8๐Ÿ‘2
The sum of major and minor principle stress at a failure plane is twice as that of difference between them. What is the angle of friction of soil for cohesionless
Anonymous Quiz
29%
30
45%
45
14%
60
12%
90
๐Ÿ‘7๐Ÿ‘3
Shear strength is a function of ______ for undrained condition of clayey soil
Anonymous Quiz
25%
Total stress
56%
Effective stress
17%
Both
2%
None
๐Ÿ‘14
If the Rate of loading increases which of the following is true
Anonymous Quiz
35%
Undrained shear strength increases
36%
Drained shear strength decrease
24%
Both
6%
None of the above
๐Ÿ‘5๐ŸŽ‰4โค1
A Sample dimension 5cmร— 5cm is tested in unconfined compression test, the failure occur at a load of 100N find the shear strength of soil sample
Anonymous Quiz
32%
40 kpa
37%
4 Kpa
14%
10 kpa
16%
20 kpa
๐Ÿ‘4๐Ÿ‘2๐Ÿ˜ญ2โค1