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๐Ÿ‘‰แ‹จ G+1 แˆ…แŠ•แƒ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‹จแˆตแˆซ แˆแˆแ‹ต แˆˆ G+15 แˆ…แŠ•แƒ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แŒจแˆจแ‰ณ แ‹จแˆตแˆซ แˆแˆแ‹ตแАแ‰ต แˆ˜แ‹ซแ‹ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแ‰ฝแˆ แ‹ซแ‹แ‰ แŠ–แˆซแˆ?

โบแ‰ แŒแ‹ฐแˆซแˆแŠ“ แŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แŠ แ‰ แ‰ฃ แŠจแ‰ฐแˆ› แ‹จแŒแ‹ฅ แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆชแ‹ซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆˆแˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ตแŠ“ แˆ…แŠ•แƒ แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆตแˆซ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ˆแ‹ณแ‹ฐแˆจแ‹ แ‹จแŠ แŒˆแˆญ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แˆตแˆซ แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆซแŒญ แ‰ แˆšแˆ†แŠ•แ‰ แ‰ต แŒŠแ‹œแฃ แˆŠแˆฐแˆซ แŠจแ‰ณแˆฐแ‰ แ‹ แˆตแˆซ แ‰ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แ‹ฐแˆจแŒƒ แ‹แ‰… แ‹ซแˆˆ แˆแˆแ‹ต แ‰ฐแ‰€แ‰ฃแ‹ญแАแ‰ต แ‹ญแŠ–แˆจแ‹‹แˆแข

๐Ÿ’ซแˆˆแˆแˆณแˆŒแก-

- แ‰ แŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แ‹จแŒ แŒ แˆญ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ต แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆตแˆซ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‰ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ต แ‹ฐแˆจแŒƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ›แˆปแˆปแ‹ซ แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‹จแ‰ฐแŒˆแŠ˜ แ‹จแˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ต แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆตแˆซ แˆแˆแ‹ต แŠจแŠ แˆตแ‹แˆแ‰ต แŠฎแŠ•แŠญแˆชแ‰ต (Asphalt Concrete) แ‰ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‰€แˆญ แˆˆแŠ แˆตแ‹แˆแ‰ต แ‹จแˆ›แˆแ‰ แˆต แˆตแˆซ (for asphalt surfacing) แˆˆแˆ˜แ‹ˆแ‹ณแ‹ฐแˆญ

- แˆ›แŠ•แŠ›แ‹แˆ แ‹จแŠ แˆตแ‹แˆแ‰ต แˆตแˆซ (DBST/TST/AC) แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แŠ แ‹จแˆญ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ต แ‹ซแˆ‰ แˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆณแˆณแ‹ญ แ‹จแˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ต แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆตแˆซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแ‰ฐแŒˆแŠ˜ แˆแˆแ‹ต แˆˆแŠ แˆตแ‹แˆแ‰ต แŠฎแŠ•แŠญแˆชแ‰ต (Asphalt Concrete) แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ถแ‰ฝ

- แˆˆแˆ…แŠ•แƒ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆฅแˆซ แ‹จแˆšแŒ แ‹จแ‰€แ‹ แ‹แ‰…แ‰ฐแŠ› แˆ˜แˆตแˆแˆญแ‰ต แˆŠแˆฐแˆซ แŠจแ‰ณแˆฐแ‰ แ‹ แ‹จแˆ…แŠ•แƒ แˆตแˆซ แ‰ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แ‹ฐแˆจแŒƒ แ‹แ‰… แ‹ซแˆˆ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ• แŠ แˆˆแ‰ แ‰ต( แˆˆแˆแˆณแˆŒ แ‰ แŠ แАแˆตแ‰ฐแŠ› แˆ…แŠ•แƒ (<G+5) แˆตแˆซ แˆแˆแ‹ต แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹ แ‹จแŠ แŒˆแˆญ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แˆตแˆซ แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆซแŒญ แˆˆแˆ˜แŠซแŠจแˆˆแŠ› (G+5 to15) แˆ…แŠ•แƒ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆตแˆซ แ‰ฐแ‰€แ‰ฃแ‹ญแАแ‰ต แ‹ญแŠ–แˆจแ‹‹แˆแข

๐Ÿ“œKey Note: แŒจแˆจแ‰ณแ‹แŠ• แ‹ซแ‹ˆแŒฃแ‹ แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆแˆ แˆ†แА แ‰ฐแ‹ˆแ‹ณแ‹ณแˆช แ‹จแˆตแˆซ แˆแˆแ‹ต แˆ˜แˆตแˆแˆญแ‰ฑ แ‰ แ‹šแˆ… แˆ˜แˆแŠฉ แŠซแˆแ‰ฐแ‰€แˆ˜แŒ  แˆ›แˆตแ‰ฐแŠซแŠจแˆ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆตแ‰ฐแŠซแŠจแˆ แˆ›แˆตแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ แ‹ญแŒˆแ‰ฃแˆแข

@etconp
โค14๐Ÿ‘6๐Ÿ”ฅ1
๐Ÿ‘‰SOIL STABILIZATION

๐ŸšงWhat is soil stabilization ?

โบSoil stabilization is the process of improving the physical and mechanical properties of soil to enhance its strength, durability, and stability.

๐ŸทTYPES OF SOIL STABILIZATION METHODS

1. Mechanical Stabilization :   Using soil nailing, or rock bolting.
2. Chemical Stabilization :   Using additives like cement, lime, or chemicals.
3. Biological Stabilization:   Using vegetation or microorganisms.

โบApplication of each method mentioned above is often determined by the site specific conditions and project requirements,

The discussion will be limited to SOIL NAILING under the mechanical method of soil stabilization with reference to the process, importance, and advantages involved.

๐Ÿ“SOIL NAILING

What is soil nailing ?
Soil nailing is a geotechnical stabilization technique that involves inserting steel bars (nails) into the soil to reinforce and stabilize slopes, excavations, or retaining structures, enhancing their stability and preventing failure.

๐ŸŽฒIMPORTANCE

1.  Slope Stabilization:   Prevents landslides and soil erosion.
2. Excavation Support:   Supports deep excavations and reduces risk of collapse.
3. Cost-Effective:   Compared to traditional retaining walls or other stabilization methods.
4. Types of soil:   Suitable for various soil types and conditions.
5. Building Foundations:   Supports deep excavations for building foundations.
6. Retaining walls:   Reinforces existing walls

๐ŸŒŸADVANTAGES

1. Minimal Excavation :  Less disruption to surrounding areas.
2.Rapid Installation :  Quick construction process.
3.Reduced Environmental Impact :  Less disturbance to natural habitats.
4. Improved Safety :   Reduces risk of collapse and accidents.
5. Durability:   Increase structural lifespan

๐Ÿ’ซCONCLUSION

In conclusion,  soil nailing is a reliable and efficient technique for stabilizing slopes, excavations, and retaining structures. Its effectiveness lies in enhancing stability, preventing landslides, and supporting deep excavation.

It is is a viable solution for geotechnical challenges, offering a stable and durable support system.

@etconp
โค19๐Ÿ‘8
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โ— Concrete Admixtures
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Address: Signal, around signal mall
โค1
2415. With an increase in size of tube, the rise of depression of liquid in the tube due to surface tension will
Anonymous Quiz
47%
(a) decrease
33%
(b) increase
7%
(c) remain unchanged
13%
(d) depend upon characteristics of liquid
โค4๐Ÿ‘3
2409. What is the pH range for strongly alkaline soils?
Anonymous Quiz
28%
(a) 7.4 โ€“ 7.8
16%
(b) 7.9 โ€“ 8.4
22%
(c) 8.5 โ€“ 9.0
34%
(d) > 9
๐Ÿ‘5
2406. For a simply supported beam with a central load, the bending moment is
Anonymous Quiz
11%
(a) least at the centre
12%
(b) least at the supports
21%
(c) maximum at the supports
57%
(d) maximum at the centre
โค6
2405. The shape of the bending moment diagram over the length of a beam, carrying a uniformly distributed load is always
Anonymous Quiz
24%
(a) linear
65%
(b) parabolic
6%
(c) cubical
6%
(d) circular
โค10
2404. If the shear force along a section of a beam is zero, the bending moment at the section is
Anonymous Quiz
22%
(a) zero
67%
(b) maximum
7%
(c) minimum
4%
(d) average of maximum-minimum
โค5๐Ÿ‘3๐Ÿ‘2
2403. If two forces acting at a joint are not along the straight line, then for the equilibrium of the joint
Anonymous Quiz
11%
(a) one of the forces must be zero
17%
(b) each force must be zero
20%
(c) forces must be equal and of the same sign
52%
(d) forces must be equal in magnitude but opposite in sign
โค1
2399. The partial factor of safety for resistance governed by ultimate strength is:
Anonymous Quiz
7%
(a) 1.10
56%
(b) 1.5
13%
(c) 2.0
24%
(d) 1.25
โค4๐Ÿ‘1
2398. The partial factor of safety for resistance governed by yielding is:
Anonymous Quiz
13%
(a) 1.10
53%
(b) 1.5
11%
(c) 2.0
23%
(d) 1.25
๐Ÿ™3โค2
2394. What is variable action according to classification of actions by IS code?
Anonymous Quiz
14%
(a) Due to self weight
17%
(b) Due to accidents
42%
(c) Due to construction and service stage loads
27%
(d) Due to earthquake loads
โค5๐Ÿฅฐ1
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โค5
๐Ÿ‘‰What Are the Project Management Knowledge Areas?

๐Ÿ’ซProject Management Institute has divided the large field of project management into 10 more digestible parts, which it calls the 10 project management knowledge areas in its A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK).

โบProject management knowledge areas coincide with the process groups, which are project initiation, project planning, project execution, monitoring and controlling, and project closing.

โบThese are the chronological phases that every project goes through.

โบThe knowledge areas take place during anyone of these process groups.

โบYou can think of the process groups as horizontal, while the knowledge areas are vertical. The knowledge areas are the core technical subject matter, which are necessary for effective project management.
Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) is a collection of processes and knowledge areas accepted as best practice for the project management profession.

โบAs an internationally recognised standard (ANSI/PMI 99-001-2008 and IEEE 1490-2011) it provides the fundamentals of project management, irrespective of the type of project be it construction, software, engineering, automotive.
PMBOK recognises five basic process groups and ten knowledge areas typical of almost all projects.

โบThe basic concepts are applicable to projects, programmes and operations.

๐ŸšงThe five basic process groups are:
1.  Initiating
2.  Planning
3.  Executing
4.  Monitoring and Controlling
5.  Closing
Processes overlap and interact throughout a project or phase. Processes are described in terms of:
โ€ข  Inputs (documents, plans, designs, etc.)
โ€ข  Tools and Techniques (mechanisms applied to inputs)
โ€ข  Outputs (documents, products, etc.)

๐Ÿ“œThe ten knowledge areas are:

1.  Project Integration Management
2.  Project Scope Management
3.  Project Time Management
4.  Project Cost Management
5.  Project Quality Management
6.  Project Human Resource Management
7.  Project Communications Management
8.  Project Risk Management
9.  Project Procurement Management
10.  Project Stakeholder Management

โ‡๏ธThe Ethiopian Construction Project Management Institute also has published those PMBOK areas and distribute.

๐ŸŒŸIF You Want Those Books We will Share You๐Ÿ™

@etconp
๐Ÿ‘39โค9๐Ÿ™5