👉ሚዲያና ኮንስትራክሽን
💫በኢትዮጵያ ሚዲያውና የኮንስትራክሽን ኢንደስትሪው ትውውቃቸው እምብዛም ነው ቢባል ማጋነን አይሆንም። ብዙውን ጊዜ መታዘብ እንደሚቻለው፣ የኢትዮጵያ ሚዲያ የፕሮጀክቶች መሠረት ድንጋይ ሲቀመጥና ሪቫን ሲቆረጥ ካልሆነ በስተቀር ለኮንስትራክሽን ዘርፍ የሚሰጠው ትኩረት እና ሽፋን አለ የሚያስብል አይደለም። አለ ከተባለም በጣም በጣም ዝቅተኛ ነው።
እንደሚታወቀው፣ በኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ የኮንስትራክሽን ኢንደስትሪ በየአመቱ ከፍተኛ በጀት የሚመደብለት ግዙፍ ኢንደስትሪ ነው።
እንዲያውም ከሀገሪቱ አመታዊ ካፒታል በጀት ውስጥ 60 ከመቶ የሚሆነው ገንዘብ ለኮንስትራክሽን ሴክተር የሚመደብ ነው።
ይሁን እንጂ፣ የሀገራችን ሚዲያ ለዚህ ሴክተር የሚሰጠው ሽፋን ዘርፉ ከሚመደብለት በጀት አንፃር በጣም አናሳ ነው።
በተመሳሳይ፦ ከባለሙያዎች አንፃር ካየነው የምናገኘው ውጤት ተመሳሳይ ነው። በኮንስትራክሽን ኢንደስትሪ ላይ ትኩረት አድርገው የሚሠሩ ጋዜጠኞችም አሉ ለማለት የሚያስደፍር አይደለም። ከዚህ አንፃር ሲታይ በኛ ሀገር የሚዲያ ዐውድ የmedia Specialization ችግር ይስተዋላል። ስፖርትና ሙዚቃ ላይ ብቻ ትኩረት አድርገው የሚሠሩ ጋዜጠኞች እና ፕሮግራሞች የመብዛታቸውን ያህል፣ የኮንስትራክሽን ዘርፉን ጠንቅቀው የሚያውቁ፣ በይዘቶች ላይ ተመስርተው ፕሮግራሞችን ሊሠሩ የሚችሉ ጋዜጠኞችም የግድ ያስፈልጋሉ።
እንደሚታወቀው ኮንስትራክሽን ከፍተኛ በጀት ብቻ የሚመደብለት ሴክተር አይደለም። ከፍተኛ የሥራ ዕድል ፈጣሪ ኢንደስትሪ ነው። ከግብርና ቀጥሎ ትልቁ ሥራ ፈጣሪ የኮንስትራክሽን ሴክተር ነው።
ይህ ግዙፍ ሴክተር፣ ለአንድ ሀገር ኢኮኖሚያዊ ዕድገት ያለው ድርሻ ሰፊ ነው የሚባለው ኮንስትራክሽን ለሁሉም የኢኮኖሚ ዘርፍ ወሳኝ ኢንደስትሪ ስለሆነ ነው።
ከቱሪዝም እስከ አይቲ፣ ከማዕድን እስከ ማኑፋክቸሪንግ ዕድገት ሲታሰብ ከኮንስትራክሽን ኢንደስትሪ ውጪ የሚታሰብ አይደለም። ይህ ደግሞ በሚዲያ የማይታገዝ ከሆነ ትርፉ ድካም ብቻ ነው የሚሆነው።
ሌላው ቢቀር የማኑፋክቸሪንግ ኢንዱስትሪው፣ ከኮንስትራክሽን ጋር ያለውን ቁርኝት ብቻ በማየት ለዘርፍ ከፍተኛ ትኩረት ሊሰጠው እንደሚገባ መረዳት ይቻላል።
ኢትዮጵያ በርካታ የፊኒሺንግ ማቴሪያሎች በውጭ ምንዛሪ ከውጪ ነው የምታስገባው። ይህን መላ የሚያስፈልገው አንገብጋቢ ጉዳይ ነው። ከ80 ከመቶ በላይ የሚሆነው የፊኒሺንግ ማቴሪያል አሁንም ከውጪ ነው የሚመጣው።
ይህ ሴክተር በሚዲያ በጣም መደገፍ አለበት የሚባለው ለዚህ ነው። ተከታታይ የሆነ የማይቋረጥ የሚዲያ ሽፋን አገኘ ማለት ጥቅሙ ብዙ ነው። የሀገር ውስጥ ምርቶችን መሠረት ያደረጉ የሚዲያ ሽፋኖች ያስፈልጋሉ። ዘርፉ ካሉበት ፈተናዎች ተላቆ ተኪ የፊኒሺንግ ምርቶች በስፋት እንዲያመርት በሚዲያ መታገዝ አለበት። ምክንያቱም፦ የሴክተሩ ኢኮኖሚያዊ አስተዋጽኦ እየጎላ ይመጣል። በዘርፉ የሚስተዋሉ ሙስና እና አባካኝነት እንዲቀንስ ብሎም እንዲጠፋ ለዘርፉ የሚሰጠው የሚዲያ ሽፋን ወሳኝነቱ ላቅ ያለ ነው።
ፕሮጀክቶች በተያዘላቸው ጊዜ እና በጀት በጥራት ተገንብተው እንዲጠናቀቁ ሚዲያ ያለው ሚና ተኪ አይገኝለትም።
አሁን አሁን ግንባታ ማለት ቴክኖሎጂ ሆኗል። ኮንስትራክሽንን ከቴክኖሎጂ ውጪ ማሰብ ጨርሶውኑ የማይታሰብ ነው። ቴክኖሎጂ ወደ ሀገር ውስጥ እንዲገባ ደግሞ ሚዲያ ያለው ድርሻ ጉልህ ነው።
ኢትዮጵያ ገና ከፍተኛ የመሠረተ ልማት ዝርግታ የሚያስፈልጋት ሀገር ስለሆነች መጠነ ሰፊ በጀት በዚህ ኢንደስትሪ በኩል ማለፉ የማይቀር ነው።
ሚዲያው ይህንን ለሀገር ትልቅ ጥቅም ያለው ኢንደስትሪን ሳይደግፍ ሀገር ዘላቂ ልማትን ታካሂዳለች፤ ዜጎችም ተጠቃሚ ይሆናሉ ማለት ዘበት ነው፣ የኛ ሀገር ሚዲያዎች፦ሬዲዮም ሆነ ቲቪ እንዲሁም ዘመን አመጣሹ ሶሻል ሚዲያ ለሴክተሩ ሰፊ ሽፋን የሚሰጡበትን ስትራቴጂ ነድፈው ቢንቀሳቀሱ ሀገር ትጠቀማለች።
@etconp
💫በኢትዮጵያ ሚዲያውና የኮንስትራክሽን ኢንደስትሪው ትውውቃቸው እምብዛም ነው ቢባል ማጋነን አይሆንም። ብዙውን ጊዜ መታዘብ እንደሚቻለው፣ የኢትዮጵያ ሚዲያ የፕሮጀክቶች መሠረት ድንጋይ ሲቀመጥና ሪቫን ሲቆረጥ ካልሆነ በስተቀር ለኮንስትራክሽን ዘርፍ የሚሰጠው ትኩረት እና ሽፋን አለ የሚያስብል አይደለም። አለ ከተባለም በጣም በጣም ዝቅተኛ ነው።
እንደሚታወቀው፣ በኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ የኮንስትራክሽን ኢንደስትሪ በየአመቱ ከፍተኛ በጀት የሚመደብለት ግዙፍ ኢንደስትሪ ነው።
እንዲያውም ከሀገሪቱ አመታዊ ካፒታል በጀት ውስጥ 60 ከመቶ የሚሆነው ገንዘብ ለኮንስትራክሽን ሴክተር የሚመደብ ነው።
ይሁን እንጂ፣ የሀገራችን ሚዲያ ለዚህ ሴክተር የሚሰጠው ሽፋን ዘርፉ ከሚመደብለት በጀት አንፃር በጣም አናሳ ነው።
የሀገራችን የህትመት እና ኤሌክትሮኒክስ ሚዲያ ፕሮግራሞች ሲፈተሹ ለኮንስትራክሽን ሴክተር ሽፋን የሚሰጡ የሚዲያ ፕሮግራሞች ብዛት እዚህ ግባ የሚባል አይደለም፤ በአንፃሩ ሚዲያው ለስፖርት እና መዝናኛ እንደሚሰጠው ሰፊ የአየር ሰአት ለዚህ ወሳኝ የኢንደስትሪ ዘርፍ አለመስጠቱ ወሳኝ ወሳኝ ጥያቄዎችን የሚያጭር ነው።
በተመሳሳይ፦ ከባለሙያዎች አንፃር ካየነው የምናገኘው ውጤት ተመሳሳይ ነው። በኮንስትራክሽን ኢንደስትሪ ላይ ትኩረት አድርገው የሚሠሩ ጋዜጠኞችም አሉ ለማለት የሚያስደፍር አይደለም። ከዚህ አንፃር ሲታይ በኛ ሀገር የሚዲያ ዐውድ የmedia Specialization ችግር ይስተዋላል። ስፖርትና ሙዚቃ ላይ ብቻ ትኩረት አድርገው የሚሠሩ ጋዜጠኞች እና ፕሮግራሞች የመብዛታቸውን ያህል፣ የኮንስትራክሽን ዘርፉን ጠንቅቀው የሚያውቁ፣ በይዘቶች ላይ ተመስርተው ፕሮግራሞችን ሊሠሩ የሚችሉ ጋዜጠኞችም የግድ ያስፈልጋሉ።
እንደሚታወቀው ኮንስትራክሽን ከፍተኛ በጀት ብቻ የሚመደብለት ሴክተር አይደለም። ከፍተኛ የሥራ ዕድል ፈጣሪ ኢንደስትሪ ነው። ከግብርና ቀጥሎ ትልቁ ሥራ ፈጣሪ የኮንስትራክሽን ሴክተር ነው።
ይህ ግዙፍ ሴክተር፣ ለአንድ ሀገር ኢኮኖሚያዊ ዕድገት ያለው ድርሻ ሰፊ ነው የሚባለው ኮንስትራክሽን ለሁሉም የኢኮኖሚ ዘርፍ ወሳኝ ኢንደስትሪ ስለሆነ ነው።
ከቱሪዝም እስከ አይቲ፣ ከማዕድን እስከ ማኑፋክቸሪንግ ዕድገት ሲታሰብ ከኮንስትራክሽን ኢንደስትሪ ውጪ የሚታሰብ አይደለም። ይህ ደግሞ በሚዲያ የማይታገዝ ከሆነ ትርፉ ድካም ብቻ ነው የሚሆነው።
ሌላው ቢቀር የማኑፋክቸሪንግ ኢንዱስትሪው፣ ከኮንስትራክሽን ጋር ያለውን ቁርኝት ብቻ በማየት ለዘርፍ ከፍተኛ ትኩረት ሊሰጠው እንደሚገባ መረዳት ይቻላል።
ኮንስትራክሽን ለማኑፋክቸሪንግ ኢንደስትሪ የጀርባ አጥንት ነው ብቻ ተብሎ የሚገለጽ አይደለም። ሲሚንቶ፣ ብረት፣ ቀለም፣ ሴራሚክ፣ መስታወት፣ ፕላስቲክ፣ የኤሌክትሪክ ዕቃ፣ ፈርኒቸር ወዘተ በሙሉ የሚመረተው ለኮንስትራክሽን ሴክተር ተብሎ ነው።
ኢትዮጵያ በርካታ የፊኒሺንግ ማቴሪያሎች በውጭ ምንዛሪ ከውጪ ነው የምታስገባው። ይህን መላ የሚያስፈልገው አንገብጋቢ ጉዳይ ነው። ከ80 ከመቶ በላይ የሚሆነው የፊኒሺንግ ማቴሪያል አሁንም ከውጪ ነው የሚመጣው።
ይህ ሴክተር በሚዲያ በጣም መደገፍ አለበት የሚባለው ለዚህ ነው። ተከታታይ የሆነ የማይቋረጥ የሚዲያ ሽፋን አገኘ ማለት ጥቅሙ ብዙ ነው። የሀገር ውስጥ ምርቶችን መሠረት ያደረጉ የሚዲያ ሽፋኖች ያስፈልጋሉ። ዘርፉ ካሉበት ፈተናዎች ተላቆ ተኪ የፊኒሺንግ ምርቶች በስፋት እንዲያመርት በሚዲያ መታገዝ አለበት። ምክንያቱም፦ የሴክተሩ ኢኮኖሚያዊ አስተዋጽኦ እየጎላ ይመጣል። በዘርፉ የሚስተዋሉ ሙስና እና አባካኝነት እንዲቀንስ ብሎም እንዲጠፋ ለዘርፉ የሚሰጠው የሚዲያ ሽፋን ወሳኝነቱ ላቅ ያለ ነው።
ፕሮጀክቶች በተያዘላቸው ጊዜ እና በጀት በጥራት ተገንብተው እንዲጠናቀቁ ሚዲያ ያለው ሚና ተኪ አይገኝለትም።
አሁን አሁን ግንባታ ማለት ቴክኖሎጂ ሆኗል። ኮንስትራክሽንን ከቴክኖሎጂ ውጪ ማሰብ ጨርሶውኑ የማይታሰብ ነው። ቴክኖሎጂ ወደ ሀገር ውስጥ እንዲገባ ደግሞ ሚዲያ ያለው ድርሻ ጉልህ ነው።
ኢትዮጵያ ገና ከፍተኛ የመሠረተ ልማት ዝርግታ የሚያስፈልጋት ሀገር ስለሆነች መጠነ ሰፊ በጀት በዚህ ኢንደስትሪ በኩል ማለፉ የማይቀር ነው።
ሚዲያው ይህንን ለሀገር ትልቅ ጥቅም ያለው ኢንደስትሪን ሳይደግፍ ሀገር ዘላቂ ልማትን ታካሂዳለች፤ ዜጎችም ተጠቃሚ ይሆናሉ ማለት ዘበት ነው፣ የኛ ሀገር ሚዲያዎች፦ሬዲዮም ሆነ ቲቪ እንዲሁም ዘመን አመጣሹ ሶሻል ሚዲያ ለሴክተሩ ሰፊ ሽፋን የሚሰጡበትን ስትራቴጂ ነድፈው ቢንቀሳቀሱ ሀገር ትጠቀማለች።
@etconp
❤11👍7
👉የኢትዮጵያ ኮንትራክተሮች ማህበር ፕሬዘዳንት ኢንጂነር የሱፍ መሀመድ የአፍሪካ ኮንትራክተሮች ፌዴሬሽን የስራ አመራር አባል ሆነው ተመረጡ።
የኢትዮጵያ ኮንትራክተሮች ማህበር በግብፅ ካይሮ በሚካሄደው 20ኛው የአፍሪካ ኮንትራክተሮች አሶሴሽን እየተሳተፈ ይገኛል።
በአፍሪካ ከቅርብ ጊዜ ወዲህ የሀገራችን ተቋራጮች እና ባለሙያዎች በስራዎች በሰፊው የመሳተፍ ሙከራዎችን የበለጠ ለማሣደግ ኢ/ር ዩሱፍ መሀመድ ም/ፕሬዘዳንት ሆነው መመረጣቸው እንደ ትልቅ አጋጣሚ የሚወሰድ ይሆናል።
ማኅበሩ ለሚያደርገው ሁለንተናዊ እቅድ ደግሞ የሞራል ስንቅ የሚሆን ነው።
የኢትዮጵያ ኮንትራክተሮች እና የዘርፉ ተዋናዮች እንኳን ደስ ያላችሁ🙏
@etconp
የኢትዮጵያ ኮንትራክተሮች ማህበር በግብፅ ካይሮ በሚካሄደው 20ኛው የአፍሪካ ኮንትራክተሮች አሶሴሽን እየተሳተፈ ይገኛል።
የኢትዮጲያ ኮንስትራክሽን ስራ ተቋራጮች ማህበር ፕሬዝዳንት የሆኑት ኢ/ር የሱፍ መሐመድ በግብጽ ካይሮ እየተካሄደ በሚገኘው 20 ኛው የአፍሪካ ኮንስትራክሽን ሥራ ተቋራጮች ማኅበራት ፌዴሬሽን(AFCCA) ጉባኤ ላይ ም /ፕሬዘዳንት ሆነው ተመረጡ።
በአፍሪካ ከቅርብ ጊዜ ወዲህ የሀገራችን ተቋራጮች እና ባለሙያዎች በስራዎች በሰፊው የመሳተፍ ሙከራዎችን የበለጠ ለማሣደግ ኢ/ር ዩሱፍ መሀመድ ም/ፕሬዘዳንት ሆነው መመረጣቸው እንደ ትልቅ አጋጣሚ የሚወሰድ ይሆናል።
ማኅበሩ ለሚያደርገው ሁለንተናዊ እቅድ ደግሞ የሞራል ስንቅ የሚሆን ነው።
የኢትዮጵያ ኮንትራክተሮች እና የዘርፉ ተዋናዮች እንኳን ደስ ያላችሁ🙏
@etconp
❤21👏2🔥1
🚧Preparatory Works (Before Execution)
⏺1. Review Structural and Geotechnical Drawings:
• Confirm pile type (CFA, Bored, Driven, Micro-pile, etc.)
• Check pile diameters, depths, spacing, and load capacity.
⏺2. Site Survey and Marking:
• Set out the pile locations accurately using Total Station or GPS.
• Mark pile points using wooden pegs or steel rods with clear identifiers.
⏺3. Equipment and Site Preparation:
• Ensure the piling rig, tremie pipes, concrete pump, and reinforcement cages are on-site and calibrated.
• Clean and level the working platform for stability.
🚧2. Execution Steps (On-Site Piling Works)
🔸 Steps may slightly vary depending on the pile type (CFA, Bored, Driven), but generally follow the below:
⏺1. Drilling / Driving:
• For Bored Piles: Drill to the designed depth using auger or rotary tools.
• For Driven Piles: Hammer the precast pile using hydraulic hammer or vibro hammer.
• For CFA Piles: Use continuous flight auger to drill while displacing soil.
⏺2. Inspection of Borehole:
• Check pile depth, verticality, and cleanliness.
• If groundwater is present, consider dewatering or casing as needed.
⏺3. Concrete Pouring:
• Concrete is poured using a tremie pipe for deep piles or under water conditions.
• Continuous pouring is critical to avoid cold joints or soil intrusion.
• Concrete slump should be high (typically 180–220 mm).
⏺4. Rebar Cage Installation:
• Insert reinforcement cage carefully into the fresh concrete.
• Use centralizers (spacers) to maintain cage position and cover.
🚧3. Quality Control (QC) and Documentation
• Slump Test and Concrete Cube Samples (every 50 m³ or as per spec).
• Record the following:
• Pile Number
• Start & finish times
• Depth
• Concrete volume used
• Rebar cage length and insertion time
• Pile Integrity Test (PIT) if required by specification.
🚧4. Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Measures
• Ensure all safety permits (PTW) are in place before starting.
• Secure all pile locations with barricades and warning signs.
• Full PPE is mandatory: helmet, vest, gloves, goggles, and safety boots.
• Always have a safety officer monitoring operations.
@etconp
⏺1. Review Structural and Geotechnical Drawings:
• Confirm pile type (CFA, Bored, Driven, Micro-pile, etc.)
• Check pile diameters, depths, spacing, and load capacity.
⏺2. Site Survey and Marking:
• Set out the pile locations accurately using Total Station or GPS.
• Mark pile points using wooden pegs or steel rods with clear identifiers.
⏺3. Equipment and Site Preparation:
• Ensure the piling rig, tremie pipes, concrete pump, and reinforcement cages are on-site and calibrated.
• Clean and level the working platform for stability.
🚧2. Execution Steps (On-Site Piling Works)
🔸 Steps may slightly vary depending on the pile type (CFA, Bored, Driven), but generally follow the below:
⏺1. Drilling / Driving:
• For Bored Piles: Drill to the designed depth using auger or rotary tools.
• For Driven Piles: Hammer the precast pile using hydraulic hammer or vibro hammer.
• For CFA Piles: Use continuous flight auger to drill while displacing soil.
⏺2. Inspection of Borehole:
• Check pile depth, verticality, and cleanliness.
• If groundwater is present, consider dewatering or casing as needed.
⏺3. Concrete Pouring:
• Concrete is poured using a tremie pipe for deep piles or under water conditions.
• Continuous pouring is critical to avoid cold joints or soil intrusion.
• Concrete slump should be high (typically 180–220 mm).
⏺4. Rebar Cage Installation:
• Insert reinforcement cage carefully into the fresh concrete.
• Use centralizers (spacers) to maintain cage position and cover.
🚧3. Quality Control (QC) and Documentation
• Slump Test and Concrete Cube Samples (every 50 m³ or as per spec).
• Record the following:
• Pile Number
• Start & finish times
• Depth
• Concrete volume used
• Rebar cage length and insertion time
• Pile Integrity Test (PIT) if required by specification.
🚧4. Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Measures
• Ensure all safety permits (PTW) are in place before starting.
• Secure all pile locations with barricades and warning signs.
• Full PPE is mandatory: helmet, vest, gloves, goggles, and safety boots.
• Always have a safety officer monitoring operations.
@etconp
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👉A box girder is a type of structural element that is commonly used in bridges and buildings.
Its design resembles a hollow rectangular or box-shaped beam, which provides high strength and stiffness.
💫Here are some key points about box girders:
Structure:
- Shape: The cross-section is typically rectangular or square, which maximizes the area for bending and shear forces.
- Material: Box girders can be made from various materials, including steel, concrete, or a combination of both.
Benefits:
- Strength-to-Weight Ratio: They have a high strength-to-weight ratio, making them efficient for carrying heavy loads with less material.
- Versatility: Box girders are suitable for various applications, including bridges, overpasses, and even high-rise buildings.
- Aesthetic Appeal: Their smooth, simple design can be visually appealing in architectural designs.
🚧Applications:
- Bridges: Box girders are often used in highway and railway bridges due to their ability to span long distances.
- Buildings: In buildings, they can support floors and roofs, providing open spaces without columns.
🚧Construction:
- Erection: Box girders can be prefabricated and transported to the construction site, allowing for quicker assembly.
- Connections: They can be connected to other structural elements using various methods, including welding or bolting.
🚧Considerations:
- Weight:While they are efficient, box girders can be heavy, which might require careful planning for transport and erection.
- Design Codes: Engineers must ensure that the design complies with local building codes and safety standards.
🔰Overall, box girders are a crucial component in modern engineering, providing a balance of strength, efficiency, and aesthetics.
A box girder bridge is made of horizontal beams, often shaped like a hollow rectangle or box. These bridges are commonly used for long spans, including highway and railway bridges, due to their strength and versatility in construction.
Construction: Box girder bridges are typically built using materials such as steel, reinforced concrete, or prestressed concrete. They consist of two main girders, often supported by cross-bracing or diaphragms to enhance stability.
Applications: These bridges are utilized in various contexts, including highway and railway bridges, pedestrian bridges, and even some building structures.
Specifications: The specifications for box girder bridges depend on factors such as span length, traffic load, environmental conditions, and the materials used. Engineers take into account the needed strength, durability, and cost-effectiveness when designing these bridges.
⭐️Advantages:
1. High Strength: Box girder bridges are known for their high strength-to-weight ratio, making them suitable for long spans and heavy loads.
2. Versatility: They can be designed to accommodate different types of traffic loads and environmental conditions.
3. Aesthetic Appeal: The box shape provides opportunities for architectural design, making these bridges visually appealing.
4. Ease of Construction: The construction methods for box girder bridges are well-established, resulting in relatively straightforward building processes.
5. Longevity: When properly designed and maintained, box girder bridges can have a long service life.
🏷Disadvantages:
1. Cost: Box girder bridges can be more expensive to construct compared to simpler bridge designs.
2. Maintenance:The hollow sections of box girders may be susceptible to moisture ingress and corrosion, necessitating regular maintenance.
3. Complexity:The design and construction of box girder bridges can be more intricate than that of other bridge types, requiring careful engineering and skilled labour.
4. Limited Flexibility: Once constructed, box girder bridges offer limited flexibility for future modifications or expansions, compared to some other bridge designs.
🔰Overall, box girder bridges are a popular choice for many infrastructure projects due to their strength, versatility, and aesthetic appeal, despite some drawbacks related to cost and maintenance.
@etconp
Its design resembles a hollow rectangular or box-shaped beam, which provides high strength and stiffness.
💫Here are some key points about box girders:
Structure:
- Shape: The cross-section is typically rectangular or square, which maximizes the area for bending and shear forces.
- Material: Box girders can be made from various materials, including steel, concrete, or a combination of both.
Benefits:
- Strength-to-Weight Ratio: They have a high strength-to-weight ratio, making them efficient for carrying heavy loads with less material.
- Versatility: Box girders are suitable for various applications, including bridges, overpasses, and even high-rise buildings.
- Aesthetic Appeal: Their smooth, simple design can be visually appealing in architectural designs.
🚧Applications:
- Bridges: Box girders are often used in highway and railway bridges due to their ability to span long distances.
- Buildings: In buildings, they can support floors and roofs, providing open spaces without columns.
🚧Construction:
- Erection: Box girders can be prefabricated and transported to the construction site, allowing for quicker assembly.
- Connections: They can be connected to other structural elements using various methods, including welding or bolting.
🚧Considerations:
- Weight:While they are efficient, box girders can be heavy, which might require careful planning for transport and erection.
- Design Codes: Engineers must ensure that the design complies with local building codes and safety standards.
🔰Overall, box girders are a crucial component in modern engineering, providing a balance of strength, efficiency, and aesthetics.
A box girder bridge is made of horizontal beams, often shaped like a hollow rectangle or box. These bridges are commonly used for long spans, including highway and railway bridges, due to their strength and versatility in construction.
Construction: Box girder bridges are typically built using materials such as steel, reinforced concrete, or prestressed concrete. They consist of two main girders, often supported by cross-bracing or diaphragms to enhance stability.
Applications: These bridges are utilized in various contexts, including highway and railway bridges, pedestrian bridges, and even some building structures.
Specifications: The specifications for box girder bridges depend on factors such as span length, traffic load, environmental conditions, and the materials used. Engineers take into account the needed strength, durability, and cost-effectiveness when designing these bridges.
⭐️Advantages:
1. High Strength: Box girder bridges are known for their high strength-to-weight ratio, making them suitable for long spans and heavy loads.
2. Versatility: They can be designed to accommodate different types of traffic loads and environmental conditions.
3. Aesthetic Appeal: The box shape provides opportunities for architectural design, making these bridges visually appealing.
4. Ease of Construction: The construction methods for box girder bridges are well-established, resulting in relatively straightforward building processes.
5. Longevity: When properly designed and maintained, box girder bridges can have a long service life.
🏷Disadvantages:
1. Cost: Box girder bridges can be more expensive to construct compared to simpler bridge designs.
2. Maintenance:The hollow sections of box girders may be susceptible to moisture ingress and corrosion, necessitating regular maintenance.
3. Complexity:The design and construction of box girder bridges can be more intricate than that of other bridge types, requiring careful engineering and skilled labour.
4. Limited Flexibility: Once constructed, box girder bridges offer limited flexibility for future modifications or expansions, compared to some other bridge designs.
🔰Overall, box girder bridges are a popular choice for many infrastructure projects due to their strength, versatility, and aesthetic appeal, despite some drawbacks related to cost and maintenance.
@etconp
❤10👍2
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❤5👍4😭3
👉Reasons for cause and description of type of cracks
⭐️1. Diagonal Cracks
⏺The main cause of diagonal cracks in concrete columns is
⏺Inadequate load carrying capacity of the columns;
⏺insufficient cross-section and inadequate reinforcement steel.
⏺Diagonal Cracks would influence structural soundness and hence it needs to be dealt with.
⭐️2. Horizontal Cracks
⏺Horizontal crack in reinforced concrete column is observed to initiate mostly at the beam-column junction, and on column face where tensile stress is large.
⏺Columns with in adequate moment resistance capacity,
⏺Insufficient reinforcements, or disposition of installed reinforcement are prone to horizontal cracking
💫Horizontal cracks substantially reduce the shear strength of the column leading to a greatly increased risk of failure. So, it is required to be tackled as soon as
⭐️3. Splitting Cracks
⏺Splitting cracks in reinforced concrete column are short parallel vertical cracks with non-uniform width.
⏺Columns with Insufficient steel reinforcement, and low concrete quality are susceptible to experience such types of cracks.
⏺Splitting cracks in concrete columns initiated as a result of reaching its maximum load carrying capacity.
⭐️4. Corrosion Cracks
⏺Corrosion cracks in concrete columns are developed along the line of reinforcements.
⏺This type of cracks is commonly uniform in width and widen as the column is ageing.
💫Possible reinforcement corrosion and inadequate bond between concrete and steel bars are the cause of corrosion reinforcement in concrete columns.
@etconp
⭐️1. Diagonal Cracks
⏺The main cause of diagonal cracks in concrete columns is
⏺Inadequate load carrying capacity of the columns;
⏺insufficient cross-section and inadequate reinforcement steel.
⏺Diagonal Cracks would influence structural soundness and hence it needs to be dealt with.
⭐️2. Horizontal Cracks
⏺Horizontal crack in reinforced concrete column is observed to initiate mostly at the beam-column junction, and on column face where tensile stress is large.
⏺Columns with in adequate moment resistance capacity,
⏺Insufficient reinforcements, or disposition of installed reinforcement are prone to horizontal cracking
💫Horizontal cracks substantially reduce the shear strength of the column leading to a greatly increased risk of failure. So, it is required to be tackled as soon as
⭐️3. Splitting Cracks
⏺Splitting cracks in reinforced concrete column are short parallel vertical cracks with non-uniform width.
⏺Columns with Insufficient steel reinforcement, and low concrete quality are susceptible to experience such types of cracks.
⏺Splitting cracks in concrete columns initiated as a result of reaching its maximum load carrying capacity.
⭐️4. Corrosion Cracks
⏺Corrosion cracks in concrete columns are developed along the line of reinforcements.
⏺This type of cracks is commonly uniform in width and widen as the column is ageing.
💫Possible reinforcement corrosion and inadequate bond between concrete and steel bars are the cause of corrosion reinforcement in concrete columns.
@etconp
❤9🔥1
👉3ተኛው ዓለም አቀፍ የኮንስትራክሽን የንግድ ትርዒት ከሰኔ 19 እስከ 21 በሚሊኒየም አዳራሽ እንደሚካሄድ ተገለጸ
💫በከተማ እና መሰረተ ልማት ሚኒስቴር እውቅና ተሰጥቶት በዓለም አቀፉ ዲኤምጂ ኢቨንት (dmg events) የሚዘጋጀው ሦስተኛው ዓለም አቀፍ የቢግ 5 ኮንስትራክት ኢትዮጵያ የኮንስትራክሽን ኢንዱስትሪ ኤግዚቢሽን፤ ሲምፖዚየም እና የንግድ ትርዒትን ከምስራቅ አፍሪካ መሰረተ ልማት እና የውሀ ኤክስፖ ጋር በመተባበር ከሰኔ 19 እስከ 21 ቀን 2017 ዓ.ም ድረስ በአዲስ አበባ ሚሊኒየም አዳራሽ እንደሚካሄድ ተገልጿል።
የኢትዮጵያን ወደ 67 ቢሊዮን ዶላር የሚገመት የግንባታ ገበያን እና 395 ቢሊዮን ዶላር የሚገመት የመሠረተ ልማት ገበያን በመደገፍ ዘርፈ ብዙ ትብብር እና ጠንካራ ስትራቴጂካዊ የንግድ ትሥሥር ይፈጥራል ተብሏል።
የከተማና መሰረተ ልማት ሚኒስቴር ሚኒስትር ወ/ሮ ጫልቱ ሳኒ፤ ከዚህ ቀደም ሁለት ጊዜ የተካሄዱት የንግድ ትርኢት ከዓለም ሀገራት ጋር ከፍተኛ የሆነ እውቅትና ልምድ ለመቅሰም ያስቻለ እንደነበረ አንስተዋል።
ዘንድሮ በሚካሄደው በሦስተኛው የንግድ ትርኢት ላይ የኮንስትራክሽን ዘርፉን ከማነቃቃት ባሻገር፤ ለኢትዮጵያ ኢኮኖሚ ትልቅ አስተዋፅኦ እንዳለው ተናግረዋል።
በኢትዮጵያ ከግብርና ቀጥሎ ትልቅ የሆነ ኢኮኖሚ የሚንቀሳቀሰው በኮንስትራክሽን ዘርፉ እንደሆነ የገለጹት ሚኒስትሯ፤ ኢትዮጵያ ከዓለም ሀገራት ልምድ ከመቅሰም ባለፈም ያላትን አቅም ለማሳየትና የቴክኖሎጂና የእውቀት ሽግግር ለማድረግ ትልቅ እድል እንደሆነ ተናግረዋል።
የዲኤምጂ ኢቨንት ምክትል ፕሬዝዳንት ቤን ግሪኒሽ በበኩላቸው፤ ቢግ 5 ኮንስትራክሽን የንግድ ትርኢት የኢትዮጵያን የልማት ውይቶች፣ ማበረታቻዎች፣ የኮንፈረንስ እና ኤግዚቢሽኖች ዘርፍን በማዘመን ከፍተኛ ሚና እንዳለው ገልፀዋል።
በኮንስትራክሽንና በመሠረተ ልማት ሥነ-ምኅዳሩ ኢንቨስትመንትን ለመሳብ የሥራ እድል ፈጠራን በመደገፍ እና በንግድ ፍሰቱ ላይ ተጽእኖ በማሳደር ለዘላቂ ልማት አስተዋፅኦ እንደሚያደርግ ተናግረዋል።
ከዚህ ቀደም በነበረው የንግድ ትርኢት በርካታ የሀገር ውስጥ ካምፓኒዎች ከዓለም አቀፍ ካምፓኒዎች ጋር የሥራ ትስስር መፍጠር እንደቻሉ የገለጹት ደግሞ፤ የኢትዮጵያ ኮንስትራክሽን ሥራዎች ኮርፖሬሽን ዋና ሥራ አስፈፃሚ ኢንጂነር ዮናስ አያሌው ናቸው።
በዘንድሮው ዓመትም የሀገር ውስጥ ባለሙያዎች ዓለም የደረሰበት ደረጃ ላይ ለመድረስና ልምድ ለመለዋወጥ ትልቅ እድል እንደሚፈጥርላቸው ተናግረዋል።
ከቻይና፣ ጀርመን፣ ህንድ፣ ጣሊያን፣ ኬንያ፣ ኦማን፣ ሰዑዲ አረቢያ እና የተባበሩት አረብ ኢሚሬትስን ጨምሮ ከ180 በላይ ከሚሆኑና ከ20 ሀገራት የተውጣጡ ኤግዚቢሽን አቅራቢዎች፣ አዳዲስ የግንባታ እና የመሠረተ ልማት ግብእቶችን በንግድ ትርዒቱ ላይ ያቀርባሉ ተብሏል።
Via አሐዱ ሬዲዮ
@etconp
💫በከተማ እና መሰረተ ልማት ሚኒስቴር እውቅና ተሰጥቶት በዓለም አቀፉ ዲኤምጂ ኢቨንት (dmg events) የሚዘጋጀው ሦስተኛው ዓለም አቀፍ የቢግ 5 ኮንስትራክት ኢትዮጵያ የኮንስትራክሽን ኢንዱስትሪ ኤግዚቢሽን፤ ሲምፖዚየም እና የንግድ ትርዒትን ከምስራቅ አፍሪካ መሰረተ ልማት እና የውሀ ኤክስፖ ጋር በመተባበር ከሰኔ 19 እስከ 21 ቀን 2017 ዓ.ም ድረስ በአዲስ አበባ ሚሊኒየም አዳራሽ እንደሚካሄድ ተገልጿል።
የኢትዮጵያን ወደ 67 ቢሊዮን ዶላር የሚገመት የግንባታ ገበያን እና 395 ቢሊዮን ዶላር የሚገመት የመሠረተ ልማት ገበያን በመደገፍ ዘርፈ ብዙ ትብብር እና ጠንካራ ስትራቴጂካዊ የንግድ ትሥሥር ይፈጥራል ተብሏል።
የከተማና መሰረተ ልማት ሚኒስቴር ሚኒስትር ወ/ሮ ጫልቱ ሳኒ፤ ከዚህ ቀደም ሁለት ጊዜ የተካሄዱት የንግድ ትርኢት ከዓለም ሀገራት ጋር ከፍተኛ የሆነ እውቅትና ልምድ ለመቅሰም ያስቻለ እንደነበረ አንስተዋል።
ዘንድሮ በሚካሄደው በሦስተኛው የንግድ ትርኢት ላይ የኮንስትራክሽን ዘርፉን ከማነቃቃት ባሻገር፤ ለኢትዮጵያ ኢኮኖሚ ትልቅ አስተዋፅኦ እንዳለው ተናግረዋል።
በኢትዮጵያ ከግብርና ቀጥሎ ትልቅ የሆነ ኢኮኖሚ የሚንቀሳቀሰው በኮንስትራክሽን ዘርፉ እንደሆነ የገለጹት ሚኒስትሯ፤ ኢትዮጵያ ከዓለም ሀገራት ልምድ ከመቅሰም ባለፈም ያላትን አቅም ለማሳየትና የቴክኖሎጂና የእውቀት ሽግግር ለማድረግ ትልቅ እድል እንደሆነ ተናግረዋል።
የዲኤምጂ ኢቨንት ምክትል ፕሬዝዳንት ቤን ግሪኒሽ በበኩላቸው፤ ቢግ 5 ኮንስትራክሽን የንግድ ትርኢት የኢትዮጵያን የልማት ውይቶች፣ ማበረታቻዎች፣ የኮንፈረንስ እና ኤግዚቢሽኖች ዘርፍን በማዘመን ከፍተኛ ሚና እንዳለው ገልፀዋል።
በኮንስትራክሽንና በመሠረተ ልማት ሥነ-ምኅዳሩ ኢንቨስትመንትን ለመሳብ የሥራ እድል ፈጠራን በመደገፍ እና በንግድ ፍሰቱ ላይ ተጽእኖ በማሳደር ለዘላቂ ልማት አስተዋፅኦ እንደሚያደርግ ተናግረዋል።
ከዚህ ቀደም በነበረው የንግድ ትርኢት በርካታ የሀገር ውስጥ ካምፓኒዎች ከዓለም አቀፍ ካምፓኒዎች ጋር የሥራ ትስስር መፍጠር እንደቻሉ የገለጹት ደግሞ፤ የኢትዮጵያ ኮንስትራክሽን ሥራዎች ኮርፖሬሽን ዋና ሥራ አስፈፃሚ ኢንጂነር ዮናስ አያሌው ናቸው።
በዘንድሮው ዓመትም የሀገር ውስጥ ባለሙያዎች ዓለም የደረሰበት ደረጃ ላይ ለመድረስና ልምድ ለመለዋወጥ ትልቅ እድል እንደሚፈጥርላቸው ተናግረዋል።
ከቻይና፣ ጀርመን፣ ህንድ፣ ጣሊያን፣ ኬንያ፣ ኦማን፣ ሰዑዲ አረቢያ እና የተባበሩት አረብ ኢሚሬትስን ጨምሮ ከ180 በላይ ከሚሆኑና ከ20 ሀገራት የተውጣጡ ኤግዚቢሽን አቅራቢዎች፣ አዳዲስ የግንባታ እና የመሠረተ ልማት ግብእቶችን በንግድ ትርዒቱ ላይ ያቀርባሉ ተብሏል።
Via አሐዱ ሬዲዮ
@etconp
❤12👍1👏1
👉 INTERCON Construction Chemicals
● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat
● Concrete Repair Mortar
● Floor hardener, Epoxy
● Grout, Self-level mortar
● Quartz paint, Contextra
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
● Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
Tel: 0961955555
Address: Signal, around signal mall
● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat
● Concrete Repair Mortar
● Floor hardener, Epoxy
● Grout, Self-level mortar
● Quartz paint, Contextra
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
● Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
Tel: 0961955555
Address: Signal, around signal mall
❤2
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❤4
👉Road drainage systems are critical for maintaining the structural integrity and longevity of road pavements by managing water flow and preventing damage from moisture.
🔰Below is a comprehensive explanation of road drainage systems, their components, types, and functions, tailored to complement the earlier discussion on road structure layers.
❇️Purpose of Road Drainage Systems
⏺The primary goal of a road drainage system is to collect, convey, and dispose of water (from rainfall, groundwater, or other sources) to prevent it from compromising the road structure. Water can weaken pavement layers, especially the subgrade and subbase, by reducing their load-bearing capacity, causing erosion, or inducing frost heave in cold climates.
💫Effective drainage:
- Prevents water accumulation on the road surface, ensuring safe driving conditions.
- Protects the pavement layers from moisture-induced damage (e.g., rutting, cracking, or settlement).
- Minimizes erosion of embankments and adjacent areas.
- Extends the road’s service life by maintaining structural stability.
🏷Types of Road Drainage Systems
⏺Road drainage systems are broadly categorized into surface drainage and subsurface drainage, each addressing different sources of water.
🚧1. Surface Drainage
Surface drainage manages water on or near the road surface, such as rainwater or runoff from adjacent areas. Its components include:
- Road Camber/Crown: The road surface is sloped (typically 2–3% crossfall) to direct water toward the edges, preventing pooling on the pavement.
- Shoulders: Sloped shoulders (often 4–6%) guide water away from the pavement into adjacent drainage systems. They may be paved or unpaved, depending on the road type.
- Side Ditches: Open channels along the road’s edges collect runoff from the pavement and surrounding areas. They are typically trapezoidal or V-shaped, lined with grass, concrete, or stone to prevent erosion.
- Culverts: Pipes or box structures placed under the road to convey water from one side to the other, preventing water buildup in ditches or low-lying areas. Culverts are sized based on expected runoff volumes.
- Catch Pits/Inlets: Structures that collect surface water and direct it into underground pipes or ditches, often used in urban areas or at low points.
- Outfall Channels: Ditches or channels that carry collected water to a natural water body (e.g., river, stream) or a designated disposal area.
⏺Function: Surface drainage ensures rapid removal of rainwater from the road surface and prevents runoff from infiltrating the pavement layers or eroding embankments.
🚧2. Subsurface Drainage
Subsurface drainage controls groundwater and seepage that can weaken the subgrade, subbase, or base course layers. Its components include:
- Subsurface Drains: Perforated pipes or French drains installed below the pavement (often along the road’s edge or in the subbase) to collect and remove groundwater. These drains are surrounded by granular filter material to prevent clogging.
- Geotextiles: Permeable fabrics used in conjunction with subsurface drains to separate soil layers, filter water, and prevent fine particles from clogging drainage systems.
- Interceptor Drains: Drains placed upslope of the road to intercept groundwater before it reaches the pavement structure, reducing moisture in the subgrade.
- Aggregate Drainage Layers: Permeable layers (often part of the subbase or base course) designed to allow water to flow laterally to drains, preventing water buildup in the pavement structure.
- Weep Holes: Small openings in retaining walls or embankments to allow seepage water to escape, reducing hydrostatic pressure.
⏺Function: Subsurface drainage maintains the strength of pavement layers by keeping them dry, preventing softening of the subgrade, and mitigating frost action in cold regions.
@etconp
🔰Below is a comprehensive explanation of road drainage systems, their components, types, and functions, tailored to complement the earlier discussion on road structure layers.
❇️Purpose of Road Drainage Systems
⏺The primary goal of a road drainage system is to collect, convey, and dispose of water (from rainfall, groundwater, or other sources) to prevent it from compromising the road structure. Water can weaken pavement layers, especially the subgrade and subbase, by reducing their load-bearing capacity, causing erosion, or inducing frost heave in cold climates.
💫Effective drainage:
- Prevents water accumulation on the road surface, ensuring safe driving conditions.
- Protects the pavement layers from moisture-induced damage (e.g., rutting, cracking, or settlement).
- Minimizes erosion of embankments and adjacent areas.
- Extends the road’s service life by maintaining structural stability.
🏷Types of Road Drainage Systems
⏺Road drainage systems are broadly categorized into surface drainage and subsurface drainage, each addressing different sources of water.
🚧1. Surface Drainage
Surface drainage manages water on or near the road surface, such as rainwater or runoff from adjacent areas. Its components include:
- Road Camber/Crown: The road surface is sloped (typically 2–3% crossfall) to direct water toward the edges, preventing pooling on the pavement.
- Shoulders: Sloped shoulders (often 4–6%) guide water away from the pavement into adjacent drainage systems. They may be paved or unpaved, depending on the road type.
- Side Ditches: Open channels along the road’s edges collect runoff from the pavement and surrounding areas. They are typically trapezoidal or V-shaped, lined with grass, concrete, or stone to prevent erosion.
- Culverts: Pipes or box structures placed under the road to convey water from one side to the other, preventing water buildup in ditches or low-lying areas. Culverts are sized based on expected runoff volumes.
- Catch Pits/Inlets: Structures that collect surface water and direct it into underground pipes or ditches, often used in urban areas or at low points.
- Outfall Channels: Ditches or channels that carry collected water to a natural water body (e.g., river, stream) or a designated disposal area.
⏺Function: Surface drainage ensures rapid removal of rainwater from the road surface and prevents runoff from infiltrating the pavement layers or eroding embankments.
🚧2. Subsurface Drainage
Subsurface drainage controls groundwater and seepage that can weaken the subgrade, subbase, or base course layers. Its components include:
- Subsurface Drains: Perforated pipes or French drains installed below the pavement (often along the road’s edge or in the subbase) to collect and remove groundwater. These drains are surrounded by granular filter material to prevent clogging.
- Geotextiles: Permeable fabrics used in conjunction with subsurface drains to separate soil layers, filter water, and prevent fine particles from clogging drainage systems.
- Interceptor Drains: Drains placed upslope of the road to intercept groundwater before it reaches the pavement structure, reducing moisture in the subgrade.
- Aggregate Drainage Layers: Permeable layers (often part of the subbase or base course) designed to allow water to flow laterally to drains, preventing water buildup in the pavement structure.
- Weep Holes: Small openings in retaining walls or embankments to allow seepage water to escape, reducing hydrostatic pressure.
⏺Function: Subsurface drainage maintains the strength of pavement layers by keeping them dry, preventing softening of the subgrade, and mitigating frost action in cold regions.
@etconp
❤12
👉PERMANENT ADJUSTMENTS OF DUMPY LEVEL AND THEODOLITE:
🏷Requirements of dumpy level:
1. The axis of the bubble tube should be perpendicular to the vertical axis.
2. The horizontal cross hair should be in the plane perpendicular to the vertical axis is perpendicular to vertical axis.
3. The line of sight collimination should be parallel to the axis of bubble tube.
🏷Requirements Of permanent adjustments in theodolite:
1. The plate level axis is perpendicular to vertical axis.
2. The horizontal axis is perpendicular to vertical axis.
3. The line of sight coincides with the optical axis of the telescope.
4. The axis of the altitude level is parallel to the line of sight.
5. When the line of sight is horizontal, vertical circle vernier should read zero.
@etconp
🏷Requirements of dumpy level:
1. The axis of the bubble tube should be perpendicular to the vertical axis.
2. The horizontal cross hair should be in the plane perpendicular to the vertical axis is perpendicular to vertical axis.
3. The line of sight collimination should be parallel to the axis of bubble tube.
🏷Requirements Of permanent adjustments in theodolite:
1. The plate level axis is perpendicular to vertical axis.
2. The horizontal axis is perpendicular to vertical axis.
3. The line of sight coincides with the optical axis of the telescope.
4. The axis of the altitude level is parallel to the line of sight.
5. When the line of sight is horizontal, vertical circle vernier should read zero.
@etconp
❤13
Sample TOR DBB.pdf
2.4 MB
👉Sample Terms of Reference (TOR)
💫ለዲዛይንም ሆነ የግንባታ ቁጥጥር ማማከር አገልግሎት Terms of Reference/TOR (የስራው ዝርዝር መግለጫ) ሳያዘጋጁ መነጋገር ሆነ አማካሪ ለመቅጠር ግዥ መፈፀም አዳጋች ነው።
🚧የመንገድ ፕሮጀክት ግንባታ ቁጥጥር ማማከር አገልግሎት (consultancy service for construction supervision) መነሻ የሚሆን TOR አያይዘንላችኋል።
@etconp
💫ለዲዛይንም ሆነ የግንባታ ቁጥጥር ማማከር አገልግሎት Terms of Reference/TOR (የስራው ዝርዝር መግለጫ) ሳያዘጋጁ መነጋገር ሆነ አማካሪ ለመቅጠር ግዥ መፈፀም አዳጋች ነው።
🚧የመንገድ ፕሮጀክት ግንባታ ቁጥጥር ማማከር አገልግሎት (consultancy service for construction supervision) መነሻ የሚሆን TOR አያይዘንላችኋል።
@etconp
❤6🙏6👍2
👉በትግራይ ክልል የታሪካዊው አል-ነጃሺ መስጂድ እድሳት ሥራ ተጠናቀቀ።
💫ሰኔ 18/2017 በሰሜኑ ጦርነት ወቅት ከፍተኛ ጉዳት የደረሰበት ታሪካዊው የአል ነጃሺ መስጂድ የእድሳት ሥራ መጠናቀቁን የትግራይ ክልል ባህልና ቱሪዝም ቢሮ አስታውቋል።
የቢሮው ምክትል ኃላፊ አቶ ኃይላይ በየነ እንደተናገሩት መስጂዱ ባለፉት 9 ወራት እድሳት ሲደረግለት ቆይቷል፡፡
የእድሳት ሥራውም ከቱርክ ልማት ኤጀንሲ በተገኘ ድጋፍ መከናወኑን ተናግረዋል፡፡
አክለውም "በአሁኑ ጊዜ ከመስጂዱ የተዘረፉ ቅርሶችን ቁጥር የማጣራት ሥራ እየተሰራ ነው" ሲሉ ገልጸዋል።
በትግራይ ክልል ከዉቅሮ 11 ኪሎሜትር ከአዲስ አበባ 800 ኪሎሜትር ርቀት ላይ የሚገኘዉ አልነጃሺ መስጂድ በእስለምና እምነት ተከታዮች ዘንድ ከፍተኛ ቦታ የሚሰጠዉ ታሪካዊ መስጂድ መሆኑ ይታወቃል።
ምንጭ አሐዱ ቴሌቪዥን
@etconp
💫ሰኔ 18/2017 በሰሜኑ ጦርነት ወቅት ከፍተኛ ጉዳት የደረሰበት ታሪካዊው የአል ነጃሺ መስጂድ የእድሳት ሥራ መጠናቀቁን የትግራይ ክልል ባህልና ቱሪዝም ቢሮ አስታውቋል።
የቢሮው ምክትል ኃላፊ አቶ ኃይላይ በየነ እንደተናገሩት መስጂዱ ባለፉት 9 ወራት እድሳት ሲደረግለት ቆይቷል፡፡
የእድሳት ሥራውም ከቱርክ ልማት ኤጀንሲ በተገኘ ድጋፍ መከናወኑን ተናግረዋል፡፡
አክለውም "በአሁኑ ጊዜ ከመስጂዱ የተዘረፉ ቅርሶችን ቁጥር የማጣራት ሥራ እየተሰራ ነው" ሲሉ ገልጸዋል።
በትግራይ ክልል ከዉቅሮ 11 ኪሎሜትር ከአዲስ አበባ 800 ኪሎሜትር ርቀት ላይ የሚገኘዉ አልነጃሺ መስጂድ በእስለምና እምነት ተከታዮች ዘንድ ከፍተኛ ቦታ የሚሰጠዉ ታሪካዊ መስጂድ መሆኑ ይታወቃል።
ምንጭ አሐዱ ቴሌቪዥን
@etconp
❤15👍2
Ethio Construction Engineering
👉Road drainage systems are critical for maintaining the structural integrity and longevity of road pavements by managing water flow and preventing damage from moisture. 🔰Below is a comprehensive explanation of road drainage systems, their components, types…
👉Key Components and Their Functions
🚧The following components are integral to both surface and subsurface drainage systems, ensuring effective water management:
- Pipes: Used in culverts, subsurface drains, and urban drainage systems to convey water efficiently. Materials include concrete, PVC, or corrugated metal.
- Manholes/Inspection Chambers: Provide access for maintenance and cleaning of underground drainage systems, especially in urban roads.
- Filter Materials: Granular materials or geotextiles around drains prevent clogging by filtering out fine soil particles while allowing water to pass.
- Outlets: Points where water is discharged safely into natural water bodies or retention systems, designed to prevent erosion at the discharge point.
⏺Design Considerations
Effective road drainage systems are designed based on:
- Hydrology: Analysis of rainfall intensity, runoff volumes, and groundwater levels to size drainage components.
- Soil Type: Permeable soils (e.g., sand) require less intensive drainage, while impermeable soils (e.g., clay) need robust systems to manage water.
- Topography: The slope and elevation of the terrain influence the placement of ditches, culverts, and drains.
- Traffic Volume: High-traffic roads require more durable and efficient drainage to minimize maintenance disruptions.
- Climate: Cold climates need frost-resistant designs, while areas with heavy rainfall require larger capacity systems.
- Environmental Impact: Drainage systems must avoid polluting water bodies or causing downstream flooding.
⭐️Integration with Road Layers
Each road layer interacts with the drainage system to enhance its effectiveness:
- Embankment Layer: Sloped to promote runoff and often includes side ditches to collect water.
- Subgrade Layer: Protected by subsurface drains to maintain its strength and prevent softening due to moisture.
- Subbase Layer: May serve as a drainage layer if constructed with permeable aggregates, directing water to subsurface drains.
- Base Course Layer: Benefits from drainage to maintain its load-bearing capacity, especially if stabilized with cement or asphalt.
- Binder and Wearing Layers: Designed with a camber to shed water quickly, preventing infiltration into underlying layers.
❇️Challenges and Maintenance
- Challenges:Poor drainage can lead to pavement failures like potholes, cracking, or rutting. Common issues include clogged drains, inadequate capacity, or poor maintenance.
- Maintenance: Regular cleaning of ditches, culverts, and inlets; inspection of subsurface drains; and repair of eroded channels or damaged pipes are essential to ensure functionality.
📜Conclusion
Road drainage systems, comprising surface and subsurface components, are vital for preserving the structural integrity of pavements by managing water effectively. Surface drainage removes rainwater from the road surface, while subsurface drainage protects the subgrade and other layers from groundwater. Proper design, material selection, and maintenance ensure these systems support the road structure (embankment, subgrade, subbase, base, binder, and wearing layers) in withstanding traffic and environmental stresses, extending the road’s lifespan.
@etconp
🚧The following components are integral to both surface and subsurface drainage systems, ensuring effective water management:
- Pipes: Used in culverts, subsurface drains, and urban drainage systems to convey water efficiently. Materials include concrete, PVC, or corrugated metal.
- Manholes/Inspection Chambers: Provide access for maintenance and cleaning of underground drainage systems, especially in urban roads.
- Filter Materials: Granular materials or geotextiles around drains prevent clogging by filtering out fine soil particles while allowing water to pass.
- Outlets: Points where water is discharged safely into natural water bodies or retention systems, designed to prevent erosion at the discharge point.
⏺Design Considerations
Effective road drainage systems are designed based on:
- Hydrology: Analysis of rainfall intensity, runoff volumes, and groundwater levels to size drainage components.
- Soil Type: Permeable soils (e.g., sand) require less intensive drainage, while impermeable soils (e.g., clay) need robust systems to manage water.
- Topography: The slope and elevation of the terrain influence the placement of ditches, culverts, and drains.
- Traffic Volume: High-traffic roads require more durable and efficient drainage to minimize maintenance disruptions.
- Climate: Cold climates need frost-resistant designs, while areas with heavy rainfall require larger capacity systems.
- Environmental Impact: Drainage systems must avoid polluting water bodies or causing downstream flooding.
⭐️Integration with Road Layers
Each road layer interacts with the drainage system to enhance its effectiveness:
- Embankment Layer: Sloped to promote runoff and often includes side ditches to collect water.
- Subgrade Layer: Protected by subsurface drains to maintain its strength and prevent softening due to moisture.
- Subbase Layer: May serve as a drainage layer if constructed with permeable aggregates, directing water to subsurface drains.
- Base Course Layer: Benefits from drainage to maintain its load-bearing capacity, especially if stabilized with cement or asphalt.
- Binder and Wearing Layers: Designed with a camber to shed water quickly, preventing infiltration into underlying layers.
❇️Challenges and Maintenance
- Challenges:Poor drainage can lead to pavement failures like potholes, cracking, or rutting. Common issues include clogged drains, inadequate capacity, or poor maintenance.
- Maintenance: Regular cleaning of ditches, culverts, and inlets; inspection of subsurface drains; and repair of eroded channels or damaged pipes are essential to ensure functionality.
📜Conclusion
Road drainage systems, comprising surface and subsurface components, are vital for preserving the structural integrity of pavements by managing water effectively. Surface drainage removes rainwater from the road surface, while subsurface drainage protects the subgrade and other layers from groundwater. Proper design, material selection, and maintenance ensure these systems support the road structure (embankment, subgrade, subbase, base, binder, and wearing layers) in withstanding traffic and environmental stresses, extending the road’s lifespan.
@etconp
❤9👍3