👉 INTERCON Construction Chemicals
● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat
● Concrete Repair Mortar
● Floor hardener, Epoxy
● Grout, Self-level mortar
● Quartz paint, Contextra
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
● Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
☎️ Tel: 0961955555
🔹 Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital
🔹 Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza
● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat
● Concrete Repair Mortar
● Floor hardener, Epoxy
● Grout, Self-level mortar
● Quartz paint, Contextra
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
● Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
☎️ Tel: 0961955555
🔹 Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital
🔹 Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza
❤5
👉Multi-Sport Court Dimension Guide
1. Ball Sports Fields
📌Basketball Court: 26m×14m (with buffer zone, recommend 30m×18m).
A basketball court is a common sports venue with standard dimensions of 26 meters by 14 meters.
It is recommended to add a buffer zone to reach 30 meters by 18 meters.
📌Volleyball Court: 18m×9m (an 8m obstacle-free area is required beyond the end line).
The volleyball court measures 18 meters by 9 meters, with an 8-meter obstacle-free area required beyond the end line.
📌Tennis Court: 23.77m×10.97m (for doubles, including buffer zone it requires 36.6m×18.3m).
A tennis court is the standard size for doubles matches, with dimensions of 36.6 meters by 18.3 meters when including the buffer zone.
📌Badminton Court: 13.4m×6.1m (singles is 5.18m wide, with a 1.5m safety distance required around the perimeter).
The singles width of a badminton court is 5.18 meters, requiring a safety distance around the perimeter.
2. Water Sports Fields
📌Short Pool: 25m×12.5m (recommended depth ≥1.35m).
The standard size for a short pool is 25 meters by 12.5 meters, with a recommended depth of at least 1.35 meters.
📌Standard Pool: 50m×25m (Olympic specification, requires 2.5m lanes).
The standard pool size is 50 meters by 25 meters, suitable for Olympic specifications, and requires 2.5-meter lanes.
3. Track and Field Sport Fields
📌Football Soccer Field: 105m×68m (11-a-side international standard).
The soccer field dimensions are 105 meters by 68 meters, the international standard for 11-a-side matches.
📌400m Track: 176m×98m (8-lane track with a 36.5m radius curve).
The 400m track dimensions are 176 meters by 98 meters, suitable for an 8-lane track with a curve radius of 36.5 meters.
📌200m Track: 93.1m×50.6m (common 6-lane configuration for primary and secondary schools).
The 200m track dimensions are 93.1 meters by 50.6 meters, a common 6-lane configuration for primary and secondary schools.
⭐️Planning and Design Guide:
1. All dimensions are for the competition area net size and require an external buffer zone (recommend ≥3m).
Design must consider the net size of the competition area and expand with a buffer zone.
2. Pay attention to the orientation of the field: a north-south layout avoids direct sunlight.
When laying out the field, orientation should be considered to avoid direct sunlight affecting the competition.
3. For multi-use fields, it is recommended to stack functions (e.g., a basketball court that can also be used for badminton).
To improve field utilization, consider stacking different functions.
4. Pools need separate changing/disenfection areas (with auxiliary space at a 1:1 ratio).
Pool design requires separate changing and disinfection areas.
5. Soccer fields need to consider lawn slope (0.3%-0.5% drainage slope). Soccer field lawn design must consider drainage slope.
@etconp
1. Ball Sports Fields
📌Basketball Court: 26m×14m (with buffer zone, recommend 30m×18m).
A basketball court is a common sports venue with standard dimensions of 26 meters by 14 meters.
It is recommended to add a buffer zone to reach 30 meters by 18 meters.
📌Volleyball Court: 18m×9m (an 8m obstacle-free area is required beyond the end line).
The volleyball court measures 18 meters by 9 meters, with an 8-meter obstacle-free area required beyond the end line.
📌Tennis Court: 23.77m×10.97m (for doubles, including buffer zone it requires 36.6m×18.3m).
A tennis court is the standard size for doubles matches, with dimensions of 36.6 meters by 18.3 meters when including the buffer zone.
📌Badminton Court: 13.4m×6.1m (singles is 5.18m wide, with a 1.5m safety distance required around the perimeter).
The singles width of a badminton court is 5.18 meters, requiring a safety distance around the perimeter.
2. Water Sports Fields
📌Short Pool: 25m×12.5m (recommended depth ≥1.35m).
The standard size for a short pool is 25 meters by 12.5 meters, with a recommended depth of at least 1.35 meters.
📌Standard Pool: 50m×25m (Olympic specification, requires 2.5m lanes).
The standard pool size is 50 meters by 25 meters, suitable for Olympic specifications, and requires 2.5-meter lanes.
3. Track and Field Sport Fields
📌Football Soccer Field: 105m×68m (11-a-side international standard).
The soccer field dimensions are 105 meters by 68 meters, the international standard for 11-a-side matches.
📌400m Track: 176m×98m (8-lane track with a 36.5m radius curve).
The 400m track dimensions are 176 meters by 98 meters, suitable for an 8-lane track with a curve radius of 36.5 meters.
📌200m Track: 93.1m×50.6m (common 6-lane configuration for primary and secondary schools).
The 200m track dimensions are 93.1 meters by 50.6 meters, a common 6-lane configuration for primary and secondary schools.
⭐️Planning and Design Guide:
1. All dimensions are for the competition area net size and require an external buffer zone (recommend ≥3m).
Design must consider the net size of the competition area and expand with a buffer zone.
2. Pay attention to the orientation of the field: a north-south layout avoids direct sunlight.
When laying out the field, orientation should be considered to avoid direct sunlight affecting the competition.
3. For multi-use fields, it is recommended to stack functions (e.g., a basketball court that can also be used for badminton).
To improve field utilization, consider stacking different functions.
4. Pools need separate changing/disenfection areas (with auxiliary space at a 1:1 ratio).
Pool design requires separate changing and disinfection areas.
5. Soccer fields need to consider lawn slope (0.3%-0.5% drainage slope). Soccer field lawn design must consider drainage slope.
@etconp
❤10
👉ከዚህ በታች Specification (ቴክኒካል መግለጫ) እና Bill of Quantity (BOQ) (የመጠን እና ዋጋ ዝርዝር) እንደሚከተለው ቀርቧል።
እንደምትወዱት አልጠራጠርም አንብባቹ ስትጨርሱ እንደተለመደው ሼር ይደረግ🙏
▢ 1. Specification (ቴክኒካል መግለጫ)
ትርጉም
Specification (ቴክኒካል መግለጫ) ማለት በኮንስትራክሽን ሥራ ውስጥ የሚጠቀሙ እቃዎች፣ የሥራ ጥራት፣ የአሰራር ዘዴ፣ መስፈርቶች እና መመሪያዎችን የሚገልጽ የጽሑፍ ሰነድ ነው።
Specification የሚገልጸው ሥራው እንዴት መሰራት እንዳለበት ነው፤ መጠን አይገልጽም።
የSpecification አላማ
✅ የእቃ እና የሥራ ጥራት መግለጽ
✅ የኢንጂነሪንግ መስፈርቶች ማረጋገጥ
✅ ግልጽ የሥራ መመሪያ መስጠት
✅ በኮንትራክተር እና በክላይንት መካከል ክርክር መከላከል
✅ የጥራት ቁጥጥር ማረጋገጥ
የSpecification አይነቶች
1. General Specification (አጠቃላይ መግለጫ)
የእቃዎችን እና የሥራን ጥራት በአጠቃላይ ይገልጻል፤ ዝርዝር አይደለም።
ምሳሌ:
ሲሚንቶ Ordinary Portland Cement መሆን አለበት
አሸዋ ንፁህ መሆን አለበት
ኮንክሪት በትክክል መድረቅ (curing) አለበት
የሚጠቀሙበት:
✅ ለቅድመ ግምት
✅ ለአጠቃላይ መረጃ
2. Detailed Specification (ዝርዝር መግለጫ)
የእቃዎችን፣ የሚክስ ሬሾ፣ የሥራ ዘዴ እና ሁሉንም ዝርዝር ይገልጻል።
ይይዛል:
✅ የእቃ አይነት
✅ የሚክስ ሬሾ
✅ የሥራ ዘዴ
✅ የመሳሪያ አይነት
✅ የcuring ጊዜ
✅ የፈተና መስፈርቶች
ምሳሌ (Concrete):
Cement: OPC
Mix ratio: 1:2:4
Water-cement ratio: 0.45–0.6
Curing: 7 ቀን
Method: Machine mixing
የSpecification ክፍሎች
1. የሥራ መግለጫ
የሚሰራውን ሥራ ይገልጻል
ምሳሌ:
Reinforced concrete slab
2. የእቃ መስፈርት
የእቃዎችን ጥራት ይገልጻል
ምሳሌ:
የሲሚንቶ grade
የብረት grade
የaggregate size
3. Workmanship (የሥራ ጥራት)
ሥራው እንዴት መሰራት እንዳለበት ይገልጻል።
ምሳሌ:
Concrete በደንብ መጨነቅ
Formwork ትክክል መሆን
4. የሥራ ዘዴ
ምሳሌ:
✅ Mixing method
✅ Placing method
✅ Compaction method
5. የጥራት ቁጥጥር
ምሳሌ:
✅ Slump test
✅ Strength test
6. የመለኪያ ዘዴ
ምሳሌ:
Concrete → m³
▢ 2. Bill of Quantity (BOQ) (የመጠን እና ዋጋ ዝርዝር)
ትርጉም
BOQ ማለት የሁሉንም የኮንስትራክሽን ሥራዎች መጠን፣ unit፣ rate እና total cost የሚያሳይ ሰነድ ነው።
✅ BOQ የሚገልጸው:
✅ ምን ያህል ሥራ እንዳለ
✅ ምን ያህል ዋጋ እንደሚያስፈልግ
የBOQ አላማ
✅ የፕሮጀክት ዋጋ መግለጽ
✅ ኮንትራክተሮች bidding እንዲያደርጉ
✅ የዋጋ ንጽጽር
✅ የዋጋ ቁጥጥር
✅ የክፍያ ስሌት
የBOQ ክፍሎች
1. Description (የሥራ መግለጫ)
ምሳሌ:
✅ Excavation
✅ Concrete work
2. Unit (መለኪያ)
ምሳሌ:
☑️ m³ → Excavation, Concrete
☑️ m² → Plaster
☑️ m → Pipe
☑️ kg → Steel
3. Quantity (መጠን)
ከdrawing ይሰላል
4. Rate (ዋጋ)
ለአንድ unit ዋጋ
ይይዛል:
✅ Material cost
✅ Labor cost
✅ Equipment cost
✅ Profit
5. Amount (ጠቅላላ ዋጋ)
በSpecification እና BOQ መካከል ያለ ልዩነት
Specification
✅ የሥራ ጥራት ይገልጻል
✅ እንዴት መሰራት እንዳለበት
✅ ቴክኒካል ሰነድ
BOQ:
✅ መጠን እና ዋጋ ይገልጻል
✅ ምን ያህል እንደሆነ ይገልፃል
✅ ፋይናንስ ሰነድ
ግንኙነታቸው
✅ Specification → እንዴት መሰራት
✅ BOQ → ምን ያህል እና ዋጋ
አጠቃላይ ማጠቃለያ
✅ Specification → እንዴት መስራት
✅ BOQ → መጠን እና ዋጋ
Via Mekamu Mohammed
🏷የ YouTube ገፃችን ለመቀላቀል ከታች ባለው ሊንክ በመግባት SubScribe አርገው ቤተሰብ ይሁኑ👇
https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG
@etconp
እንደምትወዱት አልጠራጠርም አንብባቹ ስትጨርሱ እንደተለመደው ሼር ይደረግ🙏
▢ 1. Specification (ቴክኒካል መግለጫ)
ትርጉም
Specification (ቴክኒካል መግለጫ) ማለት በኮንስትራክሽን ሥራ ውስጥ የሚጠቀሙ እቃዎች፣ የሥራ ጥራት፣ የአሰራር ዘዴ፣ መስፈርቶች እና መመሪያዎችን የሚገልጽ የጽሑፍ ሰነድ ነው።
Specification የሚገልጸው ሥራው እንዴት መሰራት እንዳለበት ነው፤ መጠን አይገልጽም።
የSpecification አላማ
✅ የእቃ እና የሥራ ጥራት መግለጽ
✅ የኢንጂነሪንግ መስፈርቶች ማረጋገጥ
✅ ግልጽ የሥራ መመሪያ መስጠት
✅ በኮንትራክተር እና በክላይንት መካከል ክርክር መከላከል
✅ የጥራት ቁጥጥር ማረጋገጥ
የSpecification አይነቶች
1. General Specification (አጠቃላይ መግለጫ)
የእቃዎችን እና የሥራን ጥራት በአጠቃላይ ይገልጻል፤ ዝርዝር አይደለም።
ምሳሌ:
ሲሚንቶ Ordinary Portland Cement መሆን አለበት
አሸዋ ንፁህ መሆን አለበት
ኮንክሪት በትክክል መድረቅ (curing) አለበት
የሚጠቀሙበት:
✅ ለቅድመ ግምት
✅ ለአጠቃላይ መረጃ
2. Detailed Specification (ዝርዝር መግለጫ)
የእቃዎችን፣ የሚክስ ሬሾ፣ የሥራ ዘዴ እና ሁሉንም ዝርዝር ይገልጻል።
ይይዛል:
✅ የእቃ አይነት
✅ የሚክስ ሬሾ
✅ የሥራ ዘዴ
✅ የመሳሪያ አይነት
✅ የcuring ጊዜ
✅ የፈተና መስፈርቶች
ምሳሌ (Concrete):
Cement: OPC
Mix ratio: 1:2:4
Water-cement ratio: 0.45–0.6
Curing: 7 ቀን
Method: Machine mixing
የSpecification ክፍሎች
1. የሥራ መግለጫ
የሚሰራውን ሥራ ይገልጻል
ምሳሌ:
Reinforced concrete slab
2. የእቃ መስፈርት
የእቃዎችን ጥራት ይገልጻል
ምሳሌ:
የሲሚንቶ grade
የብረት grade
የaggregate size
3. Workmanship (የሥራ ጥራት)
ሥራው እንዴት መሰራት እንዳለበት ይገልጻል።
ምሳሌ:
Concrete በደንብ መጨነቅ
Formwork ትክክል መሆን
4. የሥራ ዘዴ
ምሳሌ:
✅ Mixing method
✅ Placing method
✅ Compaction method
5. የጥራት ቁጥጥር
ምሳሌ:
✅ Slump test
✅ Strength test
6. የመለኪያ ዘዴ
ምሳሌ:
Concrete → m³
▢ 2. Bill of Quantity (BOQ) (የመጠን እና ዋጋ ዝርዝር)
ትርጉም
BOQ ማለት የሁሉንም የኮንስትራክሽን ሥራዎች መጠን፣ unit፣ rate እና total cost የሚያሳይ ሰነድ ነው።
✅ BOQ የሚገልጸው:
✅ ምን ያህል ሥራ እንዳለ
✅ ምን ያህል ዋጋ እንደሚያስፈልግ
የBOQ አላማ
✅ የፕሮጀክት ዋጋ መግለጽ
✅ ኮንትራክተሮች bidding እንዲያደርጉ
✅ የዋጋ ንጽጽር
✅ የዋጋ ቁጥጥር
✅ የክፍያ ስሌት
የBOQ ክፍሎች
1. Description (የሥራ መግለጫ)
ምሳሌ:
✅ Excavation
✅ Concrete work
2. Unit (መለኪያ)
ምሳሌ:
☑️ m³ → Excavation, Concrete
☑️ m² → Plaster
☑️ m → Pipe
☑️ kg → Steel
3. Quantity (መጠን)
ከdrawing ይሰላል
4. Rate (ዋጋ)
ለአንድ unit ዋጋ
ይይዛል:
✅ Material cost
✅ Labor cost
✅ Equipment cost
✅ Profit
5. Amount (ጠቅላላ ዋጋ)
በSpecification እና BOQ መካከል ያለ ልዩነት
Specification
✅ የሥራ ጥራት ይገልጻል
✅ እንዴት መሰራት እንዳለበት
✅ ቴክኒካል ሰነድ
BOQ:
✅ መጠን እና ዋጋ ይገልጻል
✅ ምን ያህል እንደሆነ ይገልፃል
✅ ፋይናንስ ሰነድ
ግንኙነታቸው
✅ Specification → እንዴት መሰራት
✅ BOQ → ምን ያህል እና ዋጋ
አጠቃላይ ማጠቃለያ
✅ Specification → እንዴት መስራት
✅ BOQ → መጠን እና ዋጋ
Via Mekamu Mohammed
🏷የ YouTube ገፃችን ለመቀላቀል ከታች ባለው ሊንክ በመግባት SubScribe አርገው ቤተሰብ ይሁኑ👇
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@etconp
❤30👍8
The ratio of the quantity of water stored in the root zone of the crops to the quantity of water actually delivered in the field is known as
Anonymous Quiz
18%
Water use efficiency
28%
Water conveyance efficiency
24%
Water application efficiency
30%
Water storage efficiency
❤4👍1
Which type of fall can be generally used for all moderate discharge of 40 to 60 cumecs and low fall height of 1 to 1.5 m
Anonymous Quiz
39%
Vertical drop fall
37%
Ogee fall
13%
Glacis fall
11%
Baffle fall
👍4❤2
If the radius of the circular curve is 5 times the length of the transaction curves then the spiral angle is given by
Anonymous Poll
40%
1/5
26%
1/10
29%
1/20
5%
1/40
👍4
20) As per IS 516:1959 which of the following is the correct size of flexural strength test specimen made of concrete?
Anonymous Quiz
57%
(a) 150x150 × 500 mm
11%
(b) 100 x 100 × 700 mm
23%
(c) 150 x 150 × 700 mm
9%
(d) 100 x 100 × 400 mm
❤4👏3
The coefficient of uniformity (Cu) and coefficient of curvature (Cc) for a well graded sand should be
Anonymous Quiz
40%
Cu must be greater than 4 and Cc must be between 1 and 3
31%
Cu must be greater than 6 and Cc must be between 1 and 3
22%
Cu must be greater than 2 and Cc must be equal to 1
8%
Cu must be less than 2 and Cc must be greater than 1
👍2
The settlement of a pile group placed in Sandy soil should
Anonymous Quiz
24%
Be less than 30 mm
25%
Be less than 40 mm
41%
Not exceed 10 times the settlement of a single pile
10%
Not exceed 16 times the settlement of a single pile
❤3👏2
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👍46❤6👏1
ለግንባታው 15,000 ሰው ያስፈለገው የአለማችን ትልቁ ተገንብቶ ያለቀ ህንፃ
ቡርጅ ካሊፋ 828 ሜትር (2,717 ጫማ) ይረዝማል ይህም በምድር ላይ ተገንብቶ ካለቁ ህንፃዎች በርዝመቱ 1ደኛ ሕንፃ ያደርገዋል።
163 ጥቅም ላይ የሚውሉ ፎቆች አሉት
ከቁመቱ የተነሳ ቡርጅ ካሊፋ በጠራ ቀን ከ95 ኪሎ ሜትር ርቀት ላይ ይታያል።
በማማው አናት ላይ ያለው የሙቀት መጠን ከመሬት ደረጃ ይልቅ እስከ 6 ዲግሪ ሴንቲ ግሬድ ቀዝቃዛ ነው።
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ቡርጅ ካሊፋ 828 ሜትር (2,717 ጫማ) ይረዝማል ይህም በምድር ላይ ተገንብቶ ካለቁ ህንፃዎች በርዝመቱ 1ደኛ ሕንፃ ያደርገዋል።
163 ጥቅም ላይ የሚውሉ ፎቆች አሉት
ከቁመቱ የተነሳ ቡርጅ ካሊፋ በጠራ ቀን ከ95 ኪሎ ሜትር ርቀት ላይ ይታያል።
በማማው አናት ላይ ያለው የሙቀት መጠን ከመሬት ደረጃ ይልቅ እስከ 6 ዲግሪ ሴንቲ ግሬድ ቀዝቃዛ ነው።
አጠቃላይ የግንባታው ወጪ 1.5 ቢሊዮን ዶላር አካባቢ ነበር።
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❤8👍3
The concrete slump test what it actually tells you
Slump = workability. It tells you how much water is in the mix relative to the design. NOT whether the concrete is strong.
High slump = too much water = lower compressive strength = cracked structure in 3 years.
Spec says 60–160mm slump? That range isn't a suggestion. It's a strength guarantee.
Rejecting a load with 180mm slump is not being difficult. It's doing your job.
@etconp
Slump = workability. It tells you how much water is in the mix relative to the design. NOT whether the concrete is strong.
High slump = too much water = lower compressive strength = cracked structure in 3 years.
Spec says 60–160mm slump? That range isn't a suggestion. It's a strength guarantee.
Rejecting a load with 180mm slump is not being difficult. It's doing your job.
@etconp
❤6👍4
👉Interview Questions For Building Construction Engineers
🏷ለቢውልዲንግ መሃንዲሶች ለስራና ለዩኒቨርስቲ መውጫ የተዘጋጀ ጥያቄ
1. As you are a construction Engineer, Why are building finishes important in construction projects?
They protect structural elements, improve durability, functionality, and enhance aesthetics.
2. What checks are required before starting plastering works?
Surface cleaning, alignment check, proper curing of masonry, service concealment completion, and approval.
3. What is the standard thickness of internal and external plaster?
Internal: 12–15 mm
External: 15–20 mm (often in two coats).
4. What causes cracks in plaster and how are they controlled?
Shrinkage, poor mix, improper curing, and thermal movement; controlled by proper mix, curing, and mesh at junctions.
5. What is the purpose of expansion or control joints in buildings?
To accommodate movement and prevent random cracking.
6. What checks are required before floor screeding?
Surface cleanliness, level marking, correct slope, service completion, and material approval.
7. As you are a construction foreman What is the recommended screed thickness for building floors?
Typically 40–50 mm for bonded screed unless otherwise specified.
8. What are the key quality checks for tiling works?
Tile alignment, joint spacing, level, slope to drain, adhesive coverage, and grout quality.
9. What causes tile debonding or hollow sound?
Poor surface preparation, insufficient adhesive, movement, or moisture ingress.
10. What is waterproofing and where is it critical in buildings?
Protection against water penetration; critical in toilets, kitchens, roofs, basements, and balconies.
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@etconp
🏷ለቢውልዲንግ መሃንዲሶች ለስራና ለዩኒቨርስቲ መውጫ የተዘጋጀ ጥያቄ
1. As you are a construction Engineer, Why are building finishes important in construction projects?
They protect structural elements, improve durability, functionality, and enhance aesthetics.
2. What checks are required before starting plastering works?
Surface cleaning, alignment check, proper curing of masonry, service concealment completion, and approval.
3. What is the standard thickness of internal and external plaster?
Internal: 12–15 mm
External: 15–20 mm (often in two coats).
4. What causes cracks in plaster and how are they controlled?
Shrinkage, poor mix, improper curing, and thermal movement; controlled by proper mix, curing, and mesh at junctions.
5. What is the purpose of expansion or control joints in buildings?
To accommodate movement and prevent random cracking.
6. What checks are required before floor screeding?
Surface cleanliness, level marking, correct slope, service completion, and material approval.
7. As you are a construction foreman What is the recommended screed thickness for building floors?
Typically 40–50 mm for bonded screed unless otherwise specified.
8. What are the key quality checks for tiling works?
Tile alignment, joint spacing, level, slope to drain, adhesive coverage, and grout quality.
9. What causes tile debonding or hollow sound?
Poor surface preparation, insufficient adhesive, movement, or moisture ingress.
10. What is waterproofing and where is it critical in buildings?
Protection against water penetration; critical in toilets, kitchens, roofs, basements, and balconies.
🚧For more information click this Link Below And Subscribe Our YouTube Channel👇
https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG
@etconp
❤33
3182. In which type of estimate are the length, breadth and depth of each item taken out from drawings, quantities of each item calculated, and abstracting and billing done?
Anonymous Quiz
49%
(a) Detailed estimate
13%
(b) Plinth area rate estimation method
16%
(c) Approximate quantity estimation method
22%
(d) Cubic rate estimation method
👍3
3183. A magnetic bearing of a line is 85° and the magnetic declination is 3°E. What is the true bearing?
Anonymous Quiz
17%
(a) 83°
16%
(b) 85°
49%
(c) 82°
18%
(d) 88°
❤1
3180. Why is building plan considered a fundamental part of architectural drawing sets?
Anonymous Quiz
78%
(a) It enables understanding of spatial organisation, wall location, door/window placement.
11%
(b) It visually represents foundation layout only.
7%
(c) It only shows the exterior appearance of the building.
5%
(d) It provides dimension for roof slabs and elevation only.
❤4