Ethio Construction Engineering
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๐Ÿ‘‰Batter Boards in Foundation Layout ๐Ÿ‘‡

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โค4๐Ÿ™2
Ethio Construction Engineering
๐Ÿ‘‰Batter Boards in Foundation Layout ๐Ÿ‘‡ @etconp
๐Ÿ‘‰Batter Boards in Foundation Layout

๐ŸทPurpose
Batter boards are temporary wooden frameworks used to outline the foundation of a building before excavation or concrete work begins. They help ensure accuracy in dimensions, alignment, and right angles.

Components
- Batter Boards: Wooden planks fixed on stakes driven into the ground.
- String Lines: Tightly stretched strings attached to batter boards to mark foundation edges.
- Diagonal Check: Ensures squareness by measuring diagonals for equal length.
- 90ยฐ Right Angle: Critical for maintaining proper geometry of the foundation.

Process
1. Set Up Batter Boards: Place them around the perimeter of the planned foundation.
2. Attach String Lines: Stretch strings across batter boards to define the foundation width and length.
3. Check Right Angles: Use diagonal measurements to confirm accuracy.
4. Mark Foundation Boundaries: The intersection of string lines indicates exact excavation lines.

Importance
- Guarantees precision in foundation layout.
- Prevents errors in excavation and concrete placement.
- Provides a clear visual guide for workers on site.

#ConstructionBasics #BatterBoards #FoundationLayout #SitePreparation #BuildingAccuracy #ConstructionEducation #ConcreteAndSteel

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โค5๐Ÿ‘3
๐Ÿ‘‰Construction Of แˆ…แ‹ตแˆž

@etconp ๐Ÿ‘‡
Ethio Construction Engineering
๐Ÿ‘‰Construction Of แˆ…แ‹ตแˆž @etconp ๐Ÿ‘‡
๐ŸšงThe แˆ…แ‹ตแˆž is a rectangular prismatic dwelling structure that is dominant in Eritrea.

Unlike the standard huts found in most of Africa, the แˆ…แ‹ตแˆž is designed and constructed in such a way that it is compartmentalized to provide dining, socializing, sleeping, and cooking, areas not different than the modern villa.

To start with, there is the แ‹แˆปแŒ  (kitchen) where the แŒฃแ‹ญแ‰ณแก แˆƒแŠ•แ‹›(แˆแˆแˆถ)แก แ‰…แŒซแก แŒŽแŒŽแก แŒˆแ‹“แ‰ตแก แˆฝแˆแŒ†แก แˆ•แˆแ‰ แ‰ต: แ‰†แˆŽ-แŒฅแŒฅแ‰– and a variety of finger-licking แŠฃแŒปแ‰ฅแˆ•แก are cooked. They are kept in the natural coolness obtained from the แˆ…แ‹ตแˆž walls made from stone and mud and the แŠ“แˆ•แˆฒ (roof) made of various sized wood (timber), tree branches, hay, and dirt, supported by แŠฃแ‹•แŠ‘แ‹ต (Pillars). Add to that, there is about 10 cm (4 inches) open spacing between the roof and top part of the walls at the แˆแ‹ตแˆช แ‰คแ‰ต (main floor) area for circulation of fresh air where the livestock could sleep in. Sometimes they are kept outside the แˆ…แ‹ตแˆž in the แŒˆแ‰ แˆ‹ (front yard) secured by แ‹ฐแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆ‹ (gate).

A section of the แŒˆแ‰ แˆ‹ is the front part of the แˆ…แ‹ตแˆž where the แŠ“แˆ•แˆฒ protrudes to provide shelter from the elements, mainly rain and sun.

Usually, there are 2 แŠ•แŠฅแ‹ตแ‰ณแ‰ต (beds) for those who love to sleep in the open or to guard the livestock against any possible wild animal intrusion even if there is a guard dog.

If one is lucky, there is a pile of แ‹ตแ‹‚แ‹’ (manure) and แ‹’แ‰ฃ/แ‹“แŠพแˆญ (dung) or ashes from the แŠฅแ‰ถแŠ• useful for fertilizing the grain fields and to augment a firewood that the villagers need.

The แ‹แˆปแŒ  is made up of the main one where many of the cooking is done - แŠฅแ‰ถแŠ• แˆžแŒŽแŒŽแก แˆžแ‰•แˆŽ & แŒปแˆ•แˆŠแก - and another one where the แˆตแ‹‹แก(beer) แ‰ฅแˆญแ‹šแก(sweetened beer)or แˆœแˆตแก (special alcoholic drink sweetened by honey), and other essentials are kept like แŒ แˆตแˆšแก แˆแŠปแ‹ญแก แ‰ฅแˆซแˆ•แก แŠฃแŒ…แ‰ฆ: แŒธแ‰ฃแก แˆฝแˆฎแก แ‰ แˆญแ‰ แˆจแก แˆ˜แ‹“แˆญแก แŒŒแˆถแก แ‰€แˆ˜แˆ›แ‰ตแก แŒฅแˆจแˆแˆจ at a cool temperature. Of course, there may be a specially built-in "hole" strategically located on the floor on one section of the แ‹แˆปแŒ  for our women's grooming needs the แŒ‰แ‰ฅแŒฅแˆฝแข

The largest part of the แˆ…แ‹ตแˆž is the แˆแ‹ตแˆช แ‰คแ‰ตแก (main floor) where it is divided from the แ‹แˆปแŒ  by some well built and neatly lined up แ‰†แŽแ‰ณแ‰ต (grain silos) and a แˆ˜แˆ•แˆˆแŠแ‰ต (passage)แข The แˆแ‹ตแˆช แ‰คแ‰ต hosts the แŠ•แŠฅแ‹ตแ‰ณแ‰ต แˆแˆต แˆ›แŠฅแˆตแ‰ณแ‰ฑแก (beds) แˆ˜แ‹ฐแ‰ฃแ‰ต แˆแˆต แŠฃแŒŽแ‹›แ‰ณแ‰ฑแก (seating benches) แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰ แˆซแ‰ต (chairs) and the แˆ˜แŒฅแˆ“แŠ• with its แŒ“แˆ แˆ˜แ‹ฒแ‹ต(grain grinding utensil) and แ‰ฆแŠฝแˆซ (flour storage facility).

Finally, there is that แˆ‘แŒ‹ (back door/ back yard), which many times includes a แˆ˜แˆจแ‰ฃแ‹• (corrugated zinc roofed stone-walled rooms).

Nowadays, the all-purpose iconic แˆ…แ‹ตแˆž is being built by sustainable materials (like cement and mortar) for the แŠฃแ‹•แŠ‘แ‹ต (pillars) and แŠฃแŒแˆ›แˆ (beams).

Many are also being electrified via Solar energy. Some of them are receiving water plumbing with a Satellite Dish and mobile phone service.

I have seen some แˆƒแ‹ณแˆ™ with solar power for lighting and thermal water heaters, as well as rain gutters drainage system to catch critical water supply into an underground cistern; and a middle eastern type toilet (not my favorite) with an underground septic tank that holds the waste for disposal.

So, ladies and gentlemen, with a แˆ…แ‹ตแˆž at your disposal who needs a villa? ๐Ÿ˜€

Via แ‹“แŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแŠซแŠคแˆ แˆฐแˆˆแˆ™แŠ•

@etconp
โค7๐Ÿ‘2
๐Ÿ‘‰"แ‹ญแˆ…แ‰ฝ แ‰ตแŠ•แˆฝ แˆ˜แ‰ณแŒ แŠแ‹ซ แ‹จแˆ…แŠ•แƒแ‹Ž แ‹‹แˆตแ‰ตแŠ“ แŠ“แ‰ต!" ๐Ÿ—๏ธโš ๏ธ

โ˜๏ธโ€‹แ‰ แˆแˆตแˆ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแ‰ณแ‹จแ‹ แ‰ฅแ‹™แ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹จแ‰ขแˆ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‹จแŠฎแˆˆแˆ แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ต แŠ แˆฐแˆญ (Stirrups) แˆฒแ‹ซแˆฐแˆฉ แ‰ 90 แ‹ฒแŒแˆช แ‰ฅแ‰ป แŠ แŒฅแˆแ‹ แ‹ญแ‰ฐแ‹‰แ‰ณแˆแข แАแŒˆแˆญ แŒแŠ• แ‰ตแŠญแŠญแˆˆแŠ›แ‹แŠ“ แ‹ฐแˆ…แŠ•แАแ‰ฑ แ‹จแ‰ฐแŒ แ‰ แ‰€แ‹ แŠ แˆฐแˆซแˆญ แ‰ 135 แ‹ฒแŒแˆช แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แˆ›แŒ แ แАแ‹แข

โ‡๏ธแˆˆแˆแŠ• 135 แ‹ฒแŒแˆช แˆ˜แ‰ณแŒ แ แŠ แˆˆแ‰ แ‰ต?

๐Ÿทโ€‹แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แŒฅแŠ•แŠซแˆฌ (Confinement)แฆ แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ฑ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‰  135 แ‹ฒแŒแˆช แˆฒแ‰ณแŒ แแฃ แŠฎแŠ•แŠญแˆชแ‰ฑ แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ฑแŠ• แŠ แŒฅแ‰ฅแ‰† แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ญแ‹˜แ‹ แ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‹แˆแข

๐Ÿ”ฐแŠจแˆ˜แˆแ‰ณแ‰ต แ‹ญแŒ แ‰ฅแ‰ƒแˆแฆ แˆ…แŠ•แƒแ‹ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ตแŠ•แŒˆแ‰ฐแŠ› แŒซแŠ“ (Load) แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‹จแˆ˜แŠ•แ‰€แŒฅแ‰€แŒฅ แŠ แ‹ฐแŒ‹ แ‰ขแŠจแˆฐแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แŠณแŠ• 90 แ‹ฒแŒแˆช แ‹จแ‰ณแŒ แˆแ‹ แ‰ แ‰€แˆ‹แˆ‰ แˆŠแˆแ‰ณ แ‹ญแ‰ฝแˆ‹แˆแค 135 แ‹ฒแŒแˆชแ‹ แŒแŠ• แŠ แ‹ญแˆแ‰ณแˆ!

โ€‹โ“ แ‹จแ‹›แˆฌแ‹ แŒฅแ‹ซแ‰„แฆ
"แ‰ แŠฅแˆญแˆตแ‹Ž แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแ‰ตแŠ›แ‹แŠ• แŠ แˆฐแˆซแˆญ แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแŒ แ‰€แˆ™ แАแ‹? 'แˆตแˆ…แ‰ฐแ‰ต' (โŒ) แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆต 'แ‰ตแŠญแŠญแˆ' (โœ…)?

๐ŸŒŸแ‹จแŒˆแŒ แˆ›แ‰ฝแˆแŠ• แŒˆแŒ แˆ˜แŠ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ซแ‹จแ‰ตแ‹ŽแŠ• แ‰ แŠฎแˆ˜แŠ•แ‰ต แ‹ซแŒ‹แˆฉแŠ•!"
โ€‹
โ€‹#ConstructionQuality #RebarBending #CivilEngineering #BuildingSafety
#Stirrups

@etconp
โค9๐Ÿ‘2
๐Ÿ”ฅ๐Ÿ”ฅ๐Ÿ”ฅ 7 Days Easter Holiday Discount

          ๐ŸŒŸOnline Class (With Certificate)

1. Ms Project Price = 2000birr
2. Quantity Survey Price = 2000birr
3. Civil 3D Price =2800birr
4.. Etabs With Safe Price = 3500birr
5.. Advanced Structural Design Using ETABS, SAFE and SAP2000 = 5500birr
6. Structural Design in ProtaStructure Software = 4500birr
7. Autocad Price = 2000birr
8. Autodesk Revit Architecture = 3500BIRR


๐ŸšงPrepared by Engineering Solution Abel Muluken

๐ŸซตFor Registration - 0948552002  Or @AbelMuluken

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๐ŸšงYouTube Channel - https://youtube.com/channel/UCNxyykElOiXVKVlA4jXI2BA
โค2
แ‰ณแˆแˆซแ‰ต  แ•แˆŒแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แŒ„แ‰ฆแˆแ‰ต แŠ แ‰…แˆซแ‰ข

โ™ง แˆแˆ‰แŠ• แ‰ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แ‰ฆแ‰ณ แˆˆแˆแˆ‰แˆ แ‰…แˆญแ‰ฅ

๐Ÿ“แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹‰แˆตแŒฅ แ‹จแ‰ตแˆ แŠฅแŠ•แˆแŠญแˆŽแ‰ณแˆˆแŠ•

โ™ง แ‹ญแ‹ฐแ‹แˆ‰แˆแŠ• แ‹ซแˆ›แŠญแˆฉแŠ•

0904040477
0911016833
" แ‹จแˆชแˆ แˆตแ‰ดแ‰ต แŠ แˆแˆšแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŒˆแŠ•แ‰ฅแ‰ฐแ‹ แ‹จแˆ›แ‹ซแˆตแˆจแŠญแ‰กแ‰ตแŠ• แ‰คแ‰ต แŠจแŒˆแ‰ แ‹ซ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แ‰ แ‰ณแ‰ฝ แ‰ แˆ˜แˆธแŒฅ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ญแŒˆแŠ›แˆ‰ " - แˆ›แŠ…แ‰ แˆฉ

แ‰ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹จแˆชแˆ แˆตแ‰ดแ‰ต แŠขแŠ•แ‹ฑแˆตแ‰ตแˆชแ‹ แ‹จแˆ•แ‹แ‰ฅ แŠ แˆ˜แŠ”แ‰ณ แ‰ แˆ›แŒฃแ‰ฑ แˆแŠญแŠ•แ‹ซแ‰ต แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰€แ‹›แ‰€แ‹˜แŠ“ แŠฅแ‹จแˆžแ‰ฐ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแŒˆแŠ แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆชแˆ แˆตแ‰ดแ‰ต แŠ แˆแˆšแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ›แŠ…แ‰ แˆญ แŠ แˆตแ‰ณแ‹ˆแ‰€แข

แ‹จแˆ›แŠ…แ‰ แˆฉ แ‹จแ‰ฆแˆญแ‹ต แˆฐแ‰ฅแˆณแ‰ข แŠ แ‰ถ แ‹“แˆˆแˆ›แ‹จแˆ แŠจแ‰ฐแˆ› แฅ " แ‹จแˆชแˆ แˆตแ‰ดแ‰ต แŠขแŠ•แ‹ฑแˆตแ‰ตแˆชแ‹ แ‹จแˆ•แ‹แ‰ฅ แŠ แˆ˜แŠ”แ‰ณแŠ• แ‰ แˆ›แŒฃแ‰ฑ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ซแ‹ตแŒแŠ“ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐแŠแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ญแˆซแˆ˜แ‹ต แŠฅแ‹จแˆ†แА แ‹ญแŒˆแŠ›แˆ " แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แˆชแ–แˆญแ‰ฐแˆญ แŒ‹แ‹œแŒฃ แ‹˜แŒแ‰งแˆแข

แ‹จแˆชแˆ แˆตแ‰ดแ‰ต แŠ แˆแˆšแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆˆแ‰คแ‰ต แˆแˆ‹แŒŠแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰ แ‹แˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แˆ˜แˆ แˆจแ‰ต แ‰คแ‰ถแ‰ปแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แŒˆแŠ•แ‰ฅแ‰ฐแ‹ แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ›แˆตแˆจแŠจแ‰ฃแ‰ธแ‹แŠ“ แ‰ƒแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ˜แŒ แ‰ แ‰ƒแ‰ธแ‹ แ‹˜แˆญแ‰แŠ• แ‰ แˆ•แ‹แ‰ฅ แ‹˜แŠ•แ‹ต แŠ แˆ˜แŠ”แ‰ณ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ญแŠ–แˆจแ‹ แŠ แ‹ตแˆญแŒŽแ‰ณแˆแข

แŠ แ‰ถ แ‹“แˆˆแˆ›แ‹จแˆแฃ " แ‹จแˆชแˆ แˆตแ‰ดแ‰ต แŠ แˆแˆšแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŒˆแŠ•แ‰ฅแ‰ฐแ‹ แ‹จแˆ›แ‹ซแˆตแˆจแŠญแ‰กแ‰ตแŠ• แ‰คแ‰ต แŠจแŒˆแ‰ แ‹ซ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แ‰ แ‰ณแ‰ฝ แ‰ แˆ˜แˆธแŒฅ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ญแŒˆแŠ›แˆ‰แข แ‹ญแˆ… แ‹ฐแŒแˆž แ‰ แˆญแŠซแ‰ณ แŒˆแŠ•แ‹˜แ‰ฅ แŠจแˆ•แ‹แ‰ฅ แ‰ แˆ˜แˆฐแ‰ฅแˆฐแ‰ฅ แˆˆแŠญแˆตแŠ“ แ‹แ‹แŒแ‰ฅ แˆ˜แАแˆป แŠฅแ‹จแˆ†แА แ‹ญแŒˆแŠ›แˆ " แ‰ฅแˆˆแ‹‹แˆแข

แŠ แŠญแˆˆแ‹แˆ แŠ แˆแˆšแ‹ แˆˆแ‰คแ‰ต แˆแˆ‹แŒŠแ‹ แˆ›แŠ…แ‰ แˆจแˆฐแ‰ฅ แ‰ณแˆ›แŠ แˆ†แŠ– แ‰คแ‰ต แˆ›แˆตแˆจแŠจแ‰ฅ แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ˜แ‰ปแˆ‰ แ‹˜แˆญแ‰ แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰€แ‹›แ‰€แ‹˜แŠ“ แŠฅแ‹จแˆžแ‰ฐ แ‹ญแŒˆแŠ›แˆ แˆฒแˆ‰ แŠ แˆตแ‰ณแ‹แ‰€แ‹‹แˆแข

" แ‰ณแˆ›แŠ แˆ†แŠ– แ‰ แŒˆแ‰ฃแ‹ แ‹แˆ‰ แˆ˜แˆ แˆจแ‰ต แ‰คแ‰ต แŒˆแŠ•แ‰ฅแ‰ถ แ‹จแˆ›แ‹ซแˆตแˆจแŠญแ‰ฅ แˆชแˆ แˆตแ‰ดแ‰ต แŠ แˆแˆš แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹ˆแˆจแ‰ฑแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแ‰ แˆ‹ แАแŒˆแ‹ด แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹ "  แ‹ซแˆ‰ แˆฒแˆ†แŠ• แˆ›แŠ…แ‰ แˆซแ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ แ‰คแ‰ต แŠ แˆแˆšแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ“ แŒˆแ‹ฅแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ˜แŠซแŠจแˆ แˆ˜แ‰ฐแˆ›แˆ˜แŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแŠ–แˆญ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฝแˆ‰ แˆฅแˆซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠฅแ‹จแˆ แˆซ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแŒˆแŠ แŠ แˆ˜แˆแŠญแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆแข

แˆ›แŠ…แ‰ แˆฉ แŠจแ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆ แˆจแ‰ฐ แ‹จแŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แ‹“แˆ˜แ‰ต แŒŠแ‹œ แ‰ขแŠ–แˆจแ‹แˆ แŠจแ‹‹แŒ‹ แ‰ แ‰ณแ‰ฝ แ‰ แ‹แˆธแ‰ต แˆ›แˆตแ‰ณแ‹ˆแ‰‚แ‹ซ แŒˆแ‹ฅแ‹ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ญแŒญแ‰ แˆจแ‰ แˆญแŠ“ แ‹˜แˆญแ‰ แ‰ แˆ•แŒ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆ˜แˆซ แ‹จแˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แˆฅแˆซ แŠฅแ‹จแˆ แˆซ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแŒˆแŠ แŒ แ‰แˆ˜แ‹‹แˆแข

" แ‰ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแŠ แˆ›แŠ•แŠ›แ‹แˆ แˆชแˆ แˆตแ‰ดแ‰ต แŠ แˆแˆš แˆแ‰ƒแ‹ต แŠ แŒแŠแ‰ถ แ‰ แˆ•แŒ‹แ‹Š แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแŠ•แ‰€แˆณแ‰€แˆต แŠ แˆ แˆซแˆญ แ‰ฐแ‹˜แˆญแŒแ‰ทแˆแค แ‰ฝแŒแˆญ แ‰ฐแˆแŒฅแˆฎ แŠจแ‰ฐแŒˆแŠ˜แˆ แˆแ‰ƒแ‹ฑ แ‹จแˆšแАแŒ แ‰…แ‰ แ‰ตแŠ“ แ‹จแˆšแŒ แ‹จแ‰…แ‰ แ‰ต แˆฅแˆญแ‹“แ‰ตแˆ แ‰ฐแ‰ แŒ…แ‰ทแˆ " แ‰ฅแˆˆแ‹‹แˆแข

แ‹ญแˆ… แˆ˜แˆจแŒƒ แŠจแˆชแ–แˆญแ‰ฐแˆญ แŒ‹แ‹œแŒฃ แ‹จแ‰ฐแŒˆแŠ˜ แАแ‹แข

แ‰ฒแŠญแ‰ซแˆ… แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ
แˆšแ‹ซแ‹šแ‹ซ 1 แ‰€แŠ• 2018 แ‹“/แˆ

@tikvahethiopia
โค8๐Ÿ‘1
๐Ÿ‘‰แˆˆแˆ˜แˆ‹แ‹ แ‹จแŠญแˆญแˆตแ‰ตแŠ“ แŠฅแˆแАแ‰ต แ‰ฐแŠจแ‰ณแ‹ฎแ‰ฝ แ‰ แˆ™แˆ‰ แŠฅแŠ•แŠณแŠ• แŠ แŠ•แ‹ฑ แˆฐแˆˆแˆแˆ‰แˆ แˆฐแˆˆแˆžแ‰ฐแ‰ แ‰ต แ‹จแŒŒแ‰ณแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹จแˆ˜แ‹ตแˆƒแŠ’แ‰ณแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠขแ‹จแˆฑแˆต แŠญแˆญแˆตแ‰ถแˆต แ‹จแˆตแ‰…แˆˆแ‰ต แ‰ แ‹“แˆ แ‰ แˆฐแˆ‹แˆ แŠ แ‹ฐแˆจแˆณแ‰นโค

@etconp
โค14
๐Ÿ‘‰ INTERCON Construction Chemicals 

โ— Concrete Admixtures
โ— Bonding Agents
โ— Waterproofings
โ— Wall Putty, Prime Coat
โ— Concrete Repair Mortar
โ— Floor hardener, Epoxy
โ— Grout, Self-level mortar
โ— Quartz paint, Contextra
โ— Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers 
โ— Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials

โ˜Ž๏ธ Tel: 0961955555

๐Ÿ”น Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital

๐Ÿ”น Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza
๐Ÿ”น Advanced Wood Truss Structural Design

Design A

- Optimized for medium spans between 5 m and 8.5 m.
- Roof pitch is shallow, with inclination of 4โ€“5/12.
- Posts are spaced at 60 mm, with bracing at 30 mm.
- Diagonal brace is twice the web thickness (2D), ensuring stability.
- Best suited for residential or light commercial structures where moderate span and shallow roof pitch are required.

Design B

- Designed for the same span range (5 m to 8.5 m).
- Roof pitch is higher at 3/12, offering better drainage and aesthetic variation.
- Stronger bracing connections at 90 mm, with central support at 40 mm.
- Diagonal brace (2D) adds stiffness and reduces deflection.
- Ideal for structures needing greater load resistance and higher roof pitch, such as warehouses or buildings in heavy rainfall regions.

@etconp
โค4
๐Ÿ‘‰Total Station

โœ… Mainframe: The central body of the instrument housing optics, electronics, and controls. Itโ€™s the core unit that performs angle and distance measurements.
โœ… Tripod: Provides stable support for the total station, ensuring accurate readings by minimizing vibrations or movement.
โœ… Prism (on Prism Pole): Reflects the instrumentโ€™s laser/infrared beam back to the total station, enabling precise distance measurement.
โœ… Prism Pole Tripod: Holds the prism pole upright for stable alignment during surveying.
โœ… Vertical Clamp: Locks the telescope in the vertical plane, allowing fixed angle measurements.
โœ… Horizontal Tangent Screw: Fine adjustment screw for precise horizontal angle alignment. Appears twice for different control points.
โœ… Foot Screw: Used to level the instrument by adjusting the base plate.
โœ… Mirror: Assists in sighting and alignment, often part of the optical system.
โœ… Horizontal Circle Clamp: Locks the instrumentโ€™s horizontal circle, stabilizing angle measurements.

๐Ÿ“Œ Importance
The total station combines electronic distance measurement (EDM) and angle measurement, making it indispensable for civil engineering, construction layout, and land surveying.

It ensures accuracy in plotting points, measuring elevations, and setting out designs.

#CivilEngineering
#Surveying #TotalStation #ConstructionTools #EngineeringEducation #SurveyEquipment #CTT #ConcreteAndSteel #LandSurveying

@etconp
โค6
๐Ÿ‘‰แŠฅแŠ•แŠณแŠ• แˆˆแ‰ตแŠ•แˆณแŠค แ‰ แ‹“แˆ แ‰ แˆฐแˆ‹แˆ แŠ แ‹ฐแˆจแˆณแ‰ฝแˆ!

๐Ÿ‘‰Baga ayyaana Du'aa Ka'u Kiristosin nagaan gessan!

๐Ÿ‘‰แŠฅแŠ•แŠณแ‹• แŠ•แ‰ แ‹“แˆ แ‰ตแŠ•แˆณแŠค แŠฃแ‰ฅแ€แˆ“แŠฉแˆ!

๐Ÿทแ‹แ‹ต แ‹จแŠญแˆญแˆตแ‰ตแŠ“ แŠฅแˆแАแ‰ต แ‰ฐแŠจแ‰ณแ‹ญ แ‹จแˆ†แŠ“แ‰ฝแˆ แ‰ แ‹จแ‰ตแŠ›แ‹แˆ แ‹จแ‹“แˆˆแˆ แŠญแแˆ แ‹จแˆแ‰ตแŒˆแŠ™ แ‹จ @etconp แŠ แ‰ฃแˆ‹แ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แŠณแŠ• แˆˆแ‰ตแŠ•แˆณแŠค แ‰ แ‹“แˆ แŠ แ‹ฐแˆจแˆณแ‰ฝแˆ!

๐ŸŒŸแ‰ แ‹“แˆ‰ แ‹จแˆฐแˆ‹แˆแฃ แ‹จแŒคแŠ“แŠ“ แ‹จแˆ˜แ‰ฐแˆณแˆณแ‰ฅ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆ†แŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แˆ˜แŠ›แˆˆแŠ•โค

๐Ÿ’ซแˆ˜แˆแŠซแˆ แ‰ แŠ แˆ๐Ÿ™

@etconp
โค2๐Ÿ‘2
๐Ÿ‘‰แ‰ แ‹“แˆ แˆแŠญแŠ•แ‹ซแ‰ต แ‰ แˆ›แˆจแŒ แ‹จ ETABS แŠฅแŠ“ Quantity Surveying แŠฆแŠ•แˆ‹แ‹ญแŠ• แŠฎแˆญแˆต แˆตแˆแŒ แŠ“ แ‹จ 25% แ‰…แŠ“แˆน แ‹›แˆฌ แ‹ซแ‰ แ‰ƒแˆโ—๏ธ

๐Ÿ“ฉแˆˆแˆ˜แˆ˜แ‹แŒˆแ‰ฅ @Philemona7 แ‹ญแƒแ‰แˆแŠ•

แˆ˜แˆแŠซแˆ แ‹จแ‰ตแŠ•แˆณแŠค แ‰ แ‹“แˆ๐Ÿ™

@etconp
๐Ÿ‘2
๐Ÿ‘‰Structural Roof & Frame Types

1. Tapered Column Clear Span

- Ridge line with no interior supports
- Maximizes open interior space
- Ideal for warehouses & large halls

2. Multi Gable System

- Multiple gable frames connected
- Modular width expansion possible
- Used in industrial sheds & factories

3. Arched Multi Span (Flat Multi-Bay)

- Flat arched frames across bays
- Efficient load distribution
- Suitable for wide-span structures

4. Arched Multi Span (Curved Arch Frame)

- Curved arch system with modules
- Aesthetic appeal + structural strength
- Common in auditoriums & sports arenas

5. Multi Span โ€œ1โ€

- Multi-span gable roof
- Economical for medium-width buildings
- Flexible for extensions

6. Mono Slope

- Single slope roof system
- Simple design, cost-effective
- Often used in small sheds & annexes

7. Complex Residential Roof (Hip + Steel Truss)

- Hip roof with steel truss support
- Strong against wind loads
- Popular in residential & institutional buildings

8. Multi Span โ€œ2โ€ (Sawtooth Roof)

- Sawtooth profile for natural lighting
- Common in factories & workshops
- Energy-efficient design

9. Multi Span โ€œ3โ€ (Flat Multi-Bay)

- Repeated flat bay modules
- Scalable for large industrial complexes
- Easy to construct & expand

#ConcreteAndSteel #StructuralDesign #RoofSystems #EngineeringInfographic #ConstructionDetails #SteelStructures #ArchitectureDesign #BuildingFrames #CivilEngineering

@etconp
โค11
แ‹จแˆ€แŒˆแˆญ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แŠ แŠจแˆญแŠซแˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹จ17 แ‹“แˆ˜แ‰ณแ‰ต แ‹จแแ‰ตแˆ… แˆจแˆƒแ‰ฅแก

แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆถแ‰ฝ แ‹จแˆ™แ‹ซ แŠญแ‰ฅแˆญ แŒฅแˆช แŠจแ‰ณแˆ‹แˆ‹แ‰… แˆตแˆซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰ แˆตแ‰ฐแŒ€แˆญแ‰ฃ แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹ "แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆจแˆณแ‹ แŠƒแ‹ญแˆ"

แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‰แ‰ต แˆแˆˆแ‰ต แŠ แˆตแˆญแ‰ต แ‹“แˆ˜แ‰ณแ‰ต แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‰ แ‰ณแˆชแŠณ แŠ แ‹ญแ‰ณแ‹ แ‹จแˆ›แ‰ณแ‹แ‰€แ‹แŠ• แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณแŠ“ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆ แˆจแ‰ฐ แˆแˆ›แ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‰…แˆตแ‰ƒแˆด แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแŠ“แŒแ‹ณแˆˆแ‰ฝแข

แŒแ‹™แ แŒแ‹ตแ‰ฆแ‰ฝ แ‰ฐแŒˆแŠ•แ‰ฅแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆแฃ แ‰ แˆบแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹จแˆšแ‰†แŒ แˆฉ แŠชแˆŽ แˆœแ‰ตแˆฎแ‰ฝ แŠ แˆตแ“แˆแ‰ต แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ถแ‰ฝ แ‰ฐแ‹˜แˆญแŒแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆแฃ แˆฐแˆ›แ‹ญ แŒ แ‰€แˆต แˆ…แŠ•แƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹จแŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แŠ แ‰ แ‰ฃแŠ• แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ แŒ แ‰…แˆ‹แˆ‹แ‹ แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซแŠ• แŒˆแŒฝแ‰ณ แ‰€แ‹ญแˆจแ‹‹แˆแข

แŠจแŠฅแАแ‹šแˆ… แˆแˆ‰ แ‹จแ‹ตแŠ•แŒ‹แ‹ญแฃ แ‹จแ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ตแŠ“ แ‹จแˆฒแˆšแŠ•แ‰ถ แ‹แŒคแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แŒ€แˆญแ‰ฃ แŒแŠ• แ‹ฐแˆแŠ“ แˆ‹แ‰ฃแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แ‹ซแˆแˆฐแˆฑแฃ แŠ แŠฅแˆแˆฏแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แ‹ซแ‹ฐแŠจแˆ™แŠ“ แ‰ แ€แˆแ‹ญ แ‹จแАแ‹ฐแ‹ฑ แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆถแ‰ฝ แŠ แˆ‰แข

แ‹ญแˆแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แŒ‚ แ‹›แˆฌ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰†แˆ˜แŠ• แˆตแŠ•แˆ˜แˆˆแŠจแ‰ตแฃ แˆ€แŒˆแˆญแŠ• แ‹จแŒˆแАแ‰ฃแ‹ แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆต แˆซแˆฑ แ‰ แˆแˆจแˆฐ แ‹จแŠ‘แˆฎ แˆ˜แˆ แˆจแ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰†แˆŸแˆแข

"แ‹จ17 แ‹“แˆ˜แ‰ณแ‰ต แ‹จแˆแ‹แ‰ต แ‹‹แŒ‹" แ‹จแˆšแˆˆแ‹ แˆ˜แˆช แ‰ƒแˆ แ‹แˆ แ‰ฅแˆŽ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆแŒ แˆจ แˆณแ‹ญแˆ†แŠ•แฃ แ‰ แ‰ธแˆแ‰ฐแŠแАแ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ฐแŠจแˆ›แ‰ธ แ‹จแ‰ณแˆ˜แ‰€ แ‰ฅแˆถแ‰ต แ‹แŒคแ‰ต แАแ‹แข

1. แ‰ณแˆชแŠซแ‹Š แ‹ณแˆซแก แŠจแˆ˜แŠจแ‰ แˆญ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แˆ˜แˆจแˆณแ‰ต

แ‰ แ‰€แ‹ฐแˆ™แ‰ต แ‹˜แˆ˜แŠ“แ‰ต แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆต แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ• แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ต แ‹จแˆ€แŒˆแˆญ แ‰ฃแˆˆแŠ แ‹ฐแˆซ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ• แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ต แАแ‰ แˆญแข แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆต แ‰ แ‹ฐแˆ˜แ‹ˆแ‹™แฃ แ‰ แŠญแ‰ฅแˆฉแŠ“ แ‰ แˆ›แˆ…แ‰ แˆซแ‹Š แ‹ฐแˆจแŒƒแ‹ แ‹จแˆ‹แ‰€ แ‰ฆแ‰ณ แАแ‰ แˆจแ‹แข

แ‹ญแˆแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แŒ‚ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‰แ‰ต 20 แŠฅแŠ“ 30 แ‹“แˆ˜แ‰ณแ‰ต แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณแ‹ แ‹˜แˆญแ แ‰ แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แแŒฅแАแ‰ต แ‰ขแ‹ซแ‹ตแŒแˆแฃ แ‹จแ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ™แ‹ซแ‹ แŠญแ‰ฅแˆญแŠ“ แŒฅแ‰…แˆ›แŒฅแ‰…แˆ แŒแŠ• แ‰ แ‰ฐแ‰ƒแˆซแŠ’แ‹ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แŠ‹แˆ‹ แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแŠ•แˆธแˆซแ‰ฐแ‰ฐ แˆ˜แŒฅแ‰ทแˆแข

แ‹จแˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆถแ‰ฝ แ‹จแ‹ฐแˆ˜แ‹ˆแ‹ แˆตแŠฌแˆ แ‹จแˆ˜แŒจแˆจแˆปแ‹แŠ• แˆ˜แ‹‹แ‰…แˆซแ‹Š แˆ›แˆปแˆปแ‹ซ แŠซแŒˆแŠ˜ 17 แ‹“แˆ˜แ‰ณแ‰ต แŠ แˆแˆแ‹แ‰ณแˆแข

แ‰ แ‹šแˆ… แˆ˜แŠซแŠจแˆˆแŠ› แ‹˜แˆ˜แŠ• แˆ€แŒˆแˆชแ‰ฑ แˆฆแˆตแ‰ตแŠ“ แŠ แˆซแ‰ต แŒŠแ‹œ แ‹จแŠขแŠฎแŠ–แˆš แ–แˆŠแˆฒ แˆˆแ‹แŒฅ แŠ แ‹ตแˆญแŒ‹แˆˆแ‰ฝแฃ แ‹จแŒˆแŠ•แ‹˜แ‰ฅ แˆแŠ•แ‹›แˆฌ แ‰ แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แˆแŠ”แ‰ณ แ‰€แŠ•แˆทแˆแฃ แ‹จแŠ‘แˆฎ แ‹แ‹ตแАแ‰ฑ แ‰ แˆ˜แ‰ถแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แแˆญแˆฐแŠ•แ‰ต แŒจแˆแˆฏแˆแข

แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆฑ แŒแŠ• แŠ แˆแŠ•แˆ แ‰ 2000แ‹Žแ‰น แˆ˜แŒ€แˆ˜แˆชแ‹ซ แ‰ แАแ‰ แˆจแ‹ แˆตแŠฌแˆ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‰ณแˆตแˆฎ แ‹ญแŒˆแŠ›แˆแข แ‹ญแˆ… แ‰ณแˆชแŠซแ‹Š แ‰ แ‹ฐแˆ แˆ™แ‹ซแ‹ แ‰ฐแˆแˆ‹แŒŠแАแ‰ฑ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‰€แŠ•แˆตแŠ“ แ‹ˆแŒฃแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆถแ‰ฝ แ‰ แˆตแˆซแ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ฐแˆตแ‹ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‰†แˆญแŒก แŠ แ‹ตแˆญแŒ“แˆแข

2. แ‹จแŠขแŠฎแŠ–แˆšแ‹ แŒˆแŒฝแ‰ณแก "แˆ…แŠ•แƒ แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแАแ‰ฃแ‹ แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆต แ‰คแ‰ต แŠชแˆซแ‹ญ แˆ˜แŠญแˆแˆ แŠ แˆแ‰ปแˆˆแˆ"

แ‹จแ‹›แˆฌแ‹ แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆต แ‹จแŠขแŠฎแŠ–แˆš แˆแŠ”แ‰ณ แŠ แˆตแŒˆแˆซแˆš แ“แˆซแ‹ถแŠญแˆต (Paradox) แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆžแˆ‹ แАแ‹แข แ‰ แ‰ขแˆŠแ‹ฎแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแ‰†แŒ แˆญ แ‰ แŒ€แ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแˆ˜แ‹ฐแ‰ฅแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‹จแˆšแˆ˜แˆซ แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆตแฃ แ‹ˆแˆญแˆƒแ‹Š แ‹ฐแˆ˜แ‹ˆแ‹™ แŒแŠ• แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ณแ‹Š แ‹จแ‰คแ‰ต แŠชแˆซแ‹ญแŠ“ แ‹จแˆแŒแ‰ฅ แ‹ˆแŒชแŠ• แˆ˜แˆธแˆแŠ• แ‹จแˆ›แ‹ญแ‰ฝแˆแ‰ แ‰ต แ‹ฐแˆจแŒƒ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ฐแˆญแˆทแˆแข

* แ‹จแ‹ฐแˆ˜แ‹ˆแ‹ แˆ˜แˆธแˆญแˆธแˆญแฆ แŠจ15 แ‹“แˆ˜แ‰ต แ‰ แŠแ‰ต แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แˆฒแŠ’แ‹จแˆญ แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆต แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแŒˆแŠ˜แ‹ แ‹ฐแˆ˜แ‹ˆแ‹ แŒฅแˆซแ‰ต แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹ แŠ‘แˆฎ แˆˆแˆ˜แŠ–แˆญแŠ“ แŠ•แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ต แˆˆแˆ›แแˆซแ‰ต แ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฝแˆˆแ‹ แАแ‰ แˆญแข แ‹›แˆฌ แŒแŠ• แ‹ซแ‹ แ‹ฐแˆ˜แ‹ˆแ‹ แ‹จแŒฅแ‰‚แ‰ต แ‰€แŠ“แ‰ต แˆฑแแˆญแˆ›แˆญแŠฌแ‰ต แŒแ‹ขแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แŠณแŠ• แŠ แ‹ญแˆธแแŠ•แˆแข

* แ‹จแˆ™แ‹ซ แˆแ‹ฉแАแ‰ต (Salary Disparity): แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แŒคแŠ“ แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ™แ‹ซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ (แ‹ถแŠญแ‰ฐแˆฎแ‰ฝ) แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹จแˆ…แŒ แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ™แ‹ซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆˆแˆ™แ‹ซแ‰ธแ‹ แŠญแ‰ฅแ‹ฐแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแˆ˜แŒฅแŠ• แˆแ‹ฉ แ‹จแ‹ฐแˆ˜แ‹ˆแ‹ แˆตแŠฌแˆ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆแ‰€แ‹ตแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ“แˆแข

แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆฑ แŒแŠ• "แ‰ดแŠญแŠ’แˆปแŠ•" แ‰ฐแ‰ฅแˆŽ แ‰ แŠ แŒ แ‰ƒแˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆฒแ‰ชแˆ แˆฐแˆญแ‰ชแˆต แˆ˜แ‹‹แ‰…แˆญ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‰ฐแ‹ฐแ‰ฃแˆแ‰† แ‰€แˆญแ‰ทแˆแข แ‹ญแˆ… แ‹จแŠขแŠฎแŠ–แˆš แŠข-แแ‰ตแˆƒแ‹ŠแАแ‰ต แ‰ แˆ™แ‹ซแ‹ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹แŠ• แ‰ฐแАแˆณแˆฝแАแ‰ต แŒˆแ‹ตแˆŽแ‰ณแˆแข

3. แˆ›แˆ…แ‰ แˆซแ‹ŠแŠ“ แˆตแА-แˆแ‰ฆแŠ“แ‹Š แ‰ฐแ…แŠฅแŠ–

แ‹จแˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆฑ แ‹แ‰…แ‰ฐแŠ› แŠญแแ‹ซ แˆ›แŒแŠ˜แ‰ต แ‰ แŒแˆˆแˆฐแ‰ก แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ฅแ‰ป แˆณแ‹ญแˆ†แŠ• แ‰ แˆ›แˆ…แ‰ แˆจแˆฐแ‰ก แˆ‹แ‹ญแˆ แ‰ฐแ…แŠฅแŠ– แŠ แˆˆแ‹แข

* แ‹จแˆ™แ‹ซ แแˆแˆฐแ‰ต (Brain Drain): แ‰ฅแ‰แŠ“ แŒŽแ‰ แ‹ แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆถแ‰ฝ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆปแˆˆ แŠญแแ‹ซ แแˆˆแŒ‹ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แ‹แŒญ แˆ€แŒˆแˆญ แ‹ญแˆฐแ‹ฐแ‹ณแˆ‰ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แˆ™แ‹ซแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แ‰€แ‹ญแˆจแ‹ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แŠ•แŒแ‹ตแŠ“ แˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‹˜แˆญแŽแ‰ฝ แ‹ญแŒˆแ‰ฃแˆ‰แข แ‹ญแˆ… แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ต แˆ€แŒˆแˆญ แ‰ แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แ‹ˆแŒช แ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฐแˆ›แˆจแ‰ฝแ‹แŠ• แ‹จแˆฐแ‹ แŠƒแ‹ญแˆ แŠฅแ‹ซแŒฃแ‰ฝ แАแ‹ แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ต แАแ‹แข

* แ‹จแˆตแА-แˆแŒแ‰ฃแˆญ แŠ แ‹ฐแŒ‹แฆ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆต แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ณแ‹Š แแˆ‹แŒŽแ‰ฑแŠ• แˆ›แˆŸแˆ‹แ‰ต แŠซแˆแ‰ปแˆˆแฃ แˆˆแˆ™แˆตแŠ“ แŠฅแŠ“ แˆˆแŠ แˆ‹แˆตแˆแˆ‹แŒŠ แŒฅแ‰…แˆ›แŒฅแ‰…แˆžแ‰ฝ แ‹จแˆ˜แŒ‹แˆˆแŒฅ แŠฅแ‹ตแˆ‰ แ‹ญแŒจแˆแˆซแˆแข แ‹ญแˆ… แ‹ฐแŒแˆž แ‰ แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แŒฅแˆซแ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰€แŒฅแ‰ฐแŠ› แŠ แ‹ฐแŒ‹ แ‹ซแˆ˜แŒฃแˆแข

แ‹จแˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆฑ แŠขแŠฎแŠ–แˆšแ‹ซแ‹Š แŒฅแ‹ซแ‰„ แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆˆแˆต แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ต แ‹จแˆ€แŒˆแˆญ แŠ•แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ต แŠจแ‰ฅแŠญแАแ‰ตแŠ“ แŠจแˆ™แˆตแŠ“ แ‹ญแŒ แ‰ แ‰ƒแˆ แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ต แАแ‹แข

4. แ‹จแˆ™แ‹ซ แŠƒแˆ‹แŠแАแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹จแˆ…แŒ แ‰ฐแŒ แ‹ซแ‰‚แАแ‰ต (The Risk Factor)

แŠขแŠ•แŒ‚แАแˆชแŠ•แŒ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แˆ›แŠ•แŠ›แ‹แˆ แ‰ขแˆฎ แˆตแˆซ แŠ แ‹ญแ‹ฐแˆˆแˆแข แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆต แ‰ แ‹ฒแ‹›แ‹ญแŠ• แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‰ แˆฑแแˆญแ‰ชแ‹ฅแŠ• แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแˆฐแˆซแ‹ แˆตแˆ…แ‰ฐแ‰ต แ‹จแˆฐแ‹ แˆ…แ‹ญแ‹ˆแ‰ต แˆŠแ‰€แŒฅแ แ‹ญแ‰ฝแˆ‹แˆแข

* แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แˆตแŒ‹แ‰ตแฆ แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆถแ‰ฝ แ‰ แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แŠจแแ‰ณแฃ แ‰ แŠ แ‹ฐแŒˆแŠ› แŠฌแˆšแŠซแˆŽแ‰ฝแŠ“ แˆ›แˆฝแАแˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ˜แŠซแŠจแˆ แ‹ญแˆฐแˆซแˆ‰แข แˆ†แŠ–แˆ แŒแŠ• "แ‹จแŠ แ‹ฐแŒ‹ แŠ แ‰ แˆ" (Risk Allowance) แ‹จแˆšแ‰ฃแˆ แАแŒˆแˆญ แ‰ แ‹แˆ แ‹จแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹แˆแข

* แ‹จแˆ…แŒ แŒซแŠ“แฆ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แˆ…แŠ•แƒ แ‰ขแŠ“แ‹ต แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ต แ‰ แŒฅแˆซแ‰ต แŒ‰แ‹ตแˆˆแ‰ต แ‰ขแ‰ แˆ‹แˆฝแฃ แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆฑ แˆˆแแˆญแ‹ต แ‹ญแ‰€แˆญแ‰ฃแˆแข แˆˆแ‹šแˆ… แ‰ตแˆแ‰… แˆ…แŒ‹แ‹Š แŠƒแˆ‹แŠแАแ‰ต แŒแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแˆ˜แŒฅแŠ• "แ‹จแˆ™แ‹ซ แˆแ‰ƒแ‹ต แŠญแแ‹ซ" (License/Professional Allowance) แ‹จแˆˆแˆแข แŠƒแˆ‹แŠแАแ‰ฑ แ‹จแ‰ แ‹›แฃ แŠญแแ‹ซแ‹ แŒแŠ• แ‹ซแАแˆฐ แˆ™แ‹ซ แˆ†แŠ—แˆแข

5. แ‹‹แŠ“ แ‹‹แŠ“ แ‹จแŒฅแ‹ซแ‰„ แАแŒฅแ‰ฆแ‰ฝ (The Charter)

แ‹ญแˆ… แŠ•แ‰…แŠ“แ‰„ แ‰ แŠ แˆซแ‰ต แ‹‹แŠ“ แ‹‹แŠ“ แˆแˆฐแˆถแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแ‰†แˆ˜ แАแ‹แก-

* แˆแ‹ฉ แ‹จแ‹ฐแˆ˜แ‹ˆแ‹ แˆ˜แ‹‹แ‰…แˆญแฆ แ‹จแŠขแŠ•แŒ‚แАแˆชแŠ•แŒ แˆ™แ‹ซแŠ• แŠจแˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝ แŠ แŒ แ‰ƒแˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆตแˆซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹จแˆšแˆˆแ‹ญ แˆแ‹ฉ แ‹จแ‹ฐแˆ˜แ‹ˆแ‹ แˆตแŠฌแˆ แ‰ แŠ แˆตแ‰ธแŠณแ‹ญ แˆ˜แŒฝแ‹ฐแ‰… แŠ แˆˆแ‰ แ‰ตแข

* แ‹จแŒฅแ‰…แˆ›แŒฅแ‰…แˆ แˆ›แˆปแˆปแ‹ซแฆ แ‹จแ‰คแ‰ต แŠ แ‰ แˆแฃ แ‹จแˆ˜แŒ“แŒ“แ‹ฃ แŠ แ‰ แˆ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹จแˆณแ‹ญแ‰ต แŠ แ‰ แˆ แŠจแ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ณแ‹Š แ‹จแŒˆแ‰ แ‹ซ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แŒ‹แˆญ แ‰ฐแŒˆแŠ“แ‹แ‰ฆ แˆ˜แˆตแ‰ฐแŠซแŠจแˆ แŠ แˆˆแ‰ แ‰ตแข

* แ‹จแˆ™แ‹ซ แАแƒแАแ‰ตแฆ แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆฑ แ‹จแ‰ดแŠญแŠ’แŠญ แ‹แˆณแŠ”แ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹ซแˆˆ แ–แˆˆแ‰ฒแŠซแ‹Š แŒฃแˆแ‰ƒ แŒˆแ‰ฅแАแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ˆแˆตแŠ• แ‹‹แˆตแ‰ตแŠ“ แˆŠแˆฐแŒ แ‹ แ‹ญแŒˆแ‰ฃแˆแข

* แ‹จแŠขแŠ•แŒ‚แАแˆชแŠ•แŒ แŠซแ‹แŠ•แˆตแˆ แˆ›แŒ แŠ“แŠจแˆญแฆ แ‹จแˆ™แ‹ซแ‹แŠ• แˆ˜แ‰ฅแ‰ตแŠ“ แŒแ‹ดแ‰ณ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแŠจแ‰ฅแˆญ แŒ แŠ•แŠซแˆซ แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆ›แ‹Š แˆ˜แ‹‹แ‰…แˆญ แˆ˜แˆแŒ แˆญ แŠ แˆˆแ‰ แ‰ตแข

แ‹จแˆ€แŒˆแˆญ แŒฅแˆช

แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆฑ แ‹›แˆฌ แ‹ตแˆแแŠ• แˆฒแ‹ซแˆฐแˆ› "แˆˆแŠฅแŠ” แ‰ฅแ‰ป แ‹ญแŠจแˆแˆˆแŠ" แŠฅแ‹ซแˆˆ แŠ แ‹ญแ‹ฐแˆˆแˆแข แ‹ญแˆแ‰แŠ•แˆ "แˆ€แŒˆแˆญ แ‰ แ‹•แ‹แ‰€แ‰ตแŠ“ แ‰ แŒฅแˆซแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ตแ‰ตแŒˆแАแ‰ฃ แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ™แ‹ซแ‹ แ‹ญแŠจแ‰ แˆญ" แŠฅแ‹ซแˆˆ แАแ‹แข แ‹จ17 แ‹“แˆ˜แ‰ณแ‰ต แ‰ตแ‹•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แŠ แˆแ‰‹แˆแข

แŠ แˆแŠ• แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ตแŠ“ แ‹จแˆšแˆ˜แˆˆแŠจแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹ แŠ แŠซแˆ‹แ‰ต แˆˆแ‹šแˆ… แ‹จแˆ€แŒˆแˆญ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แŠ แŠจแˆญแŠซแˆช แˆˆแˆ†แА แˆ™แ‹ซ แ‰ฐแŒˆแ‰ขแ‹แŠ• แˆแˆ‹แˆฝ แˆŠแˆฐแŒก แ‹ญแŒˆแ‰ฃแˆแข

แแ‰ตแˆ… แˆˆแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆถแ‰ฝ!
แŠญแ‰ฅแˆญ แˆˆแˆ€แŒˆแˆญ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ™แ‹ซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ!

แ‹ญแˆ… แŒฝแˆ‘แ แ‹จแŠฅแ‹ซแŠ•แ‹ณแŠ•แ‹ณแ‰ฝแˆ แˆ˜แˆƒแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆถแ‰ฝ แ‰ณแˆชแŠญ แАแ‹แข แˆตแˆœแ‰ณแ‰ฝแˆแŠ•แŠ“ แˆƒแˆณแ‰ฃแ‰ฝแˆแŠ• แ‰ แŠฎแˆ˜แŠ•แ‰ต แŠ แŒ‹แˆฉแŠ•แข แ‹ญแˆ… แ‹ตแˆแ… แˆฐแˆš แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ซแŒˆแŠ SHARE แ‰ แˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แŠ แŒ‹แˆญแАแ‰ณแ‰ฝแˆแŠ• แŒแˆˆแŒนแข

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แ‰ณแˆแˆซแ‰ต  แ•แˆŒแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แŒ„แ‰ฆแˆแ‰ต แŠ แ‰…แˆซแ‰ข

โ™ง แˆแˆ‰แŠ• แ‰ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แ‰ฆแ‰ณ แˆˆแˆแˆ‰แˆ แ‰…แˆญแ‰ฅ

๐Ÿ“แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹‰แˆตแŒฅ แ‹จแ‰ตแˆ แŠฅแŠ•แˆแŠญแˆŽแ‰ณแˆˆแŠ•

โ™ง แ‹ญแ‹ฐแ‹แˆ‰แˆแŠ• แ‹ซแˆ›แŠญแˆฉแŠ•

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โค1
๐Ÿ‘‰How to Improve Safety Culture in the Workplace

๐ŸšงA strong safety culture does not happen by chance โ€” it is built through leadership, communication, training, and accountability.

โ‡๏ธWhen safety becomes a core value, accidents decrease and productivity increases.

โญ๏ธKey steps to strengthen safety culture:

1๏ธโƒฃ Leadership Commitment โ€“ Lead by example and invest in safety.
2๏ธโƒฃ Employee Engagement โ€“ Empower workers to stop unsafe acts.
3๏ธโƒฃ Effective Communication โ€“ Regular toolbox talks and open discussion.
4๏ธโƒฃ Continuous Training โ€“ Keep employees updated and prepared.
5๏ธโƒฃ Clear Roles & Accountability โ€“ Everyone responsible for safety.
6๏ธโƒฃ Recognition of Safe Behavior โ€“ Appreciate and reward safe work.
7๏ธโƒฃ Learn from Incidents & Near Misses โ€“ Focus on root causes, not blame.
Safety is a shared responsibility.

โบManagement sets the direction, but every worker plays a role in achieving Zero Harm.

โšก๏ธAs an HSE professional from the ceramic industry, I strongly believe that proactive reporting, proper training, and leadership support are the foundation of a positive safety culture.

๐Ÿ”น Safety First โ€“ Zero Harm

๐ŸทPlease Subscribe Our Youtube Channel๐Ÿ‘‡

https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG

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โค12
๐Ÿ‘‰The Perfect Concrete Mix (1:2:3)

๐Ÿ’ซConcrete strength depends on the right balance of ingredients.

๐ŸทThe classic formula is simple yet powerful:

- 1 Part Cement โ€“ The binder that holds everything together.
- 2 Parts Sand โ€“ Fine aggregate that fills gaps and improves workability.
- 3 Parts Gravel โ€“ Coarse aggregate that provides bulk and durability.
- Water โ€“ Activates the mix, starting the chemical reaction for hardening.

โบWhen combined in the correct proportion, this mix produces fresh concrete with optimal strength and durability for construction projects.

โบAlways measure carefully to maintain consistency and quality.

#ConcreteMix #ConstructionTips #EngineeringBasics #ConcreteAndSteel #BuildingStrong #CivilEngineering #SiteWork #ConstructionKnowledge #ConcreteFormula

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