የምህንድስና ተአምር!

በግንባታውና በመሠረተ-ልማቱ ዓለም የቻይናን የምህንድስና ጥበብና ፍጥነት የሚስተካከል ያለ አይመስልም፤

በቅርቡ የወጣ ዓለም አቀፍ ዜና እንደሚያሳየው፣ ቻይና በምህንድስናው ዘርፍ ሌላ አዲስ የዓለም ክብረ-ወሰን አስመዝግባለች፤

በደቡብ ምዕራብ ቻይና በምትገኘውና በተራራማ መልክዓ-ምድሯ በሚታወቀው ጉይዥው ግዛት ላይ እየተገነባ ያለው Nanpanjiang Bridge፣ በዓለማችን ረጅሙ የቅስት ድልድይ (World's largest span half-through arch bridge) የመሆን ታሪካዊ ምዕራፍን በትላንትናው ዕለት አሳክቷል፤

ለሁለት የተከፈሉት ግዙፍ የብረት ቅስቶች በከፍተኛ ጥንቃቄ ተንቀሳቅሰው በሰማይ ላይ ልክ እንደ ቀስተ-ደመና በትክክል እርስ በርስ የተገጣጠሙበት ቅጽበት መላውን የምህንድስና ዓለም ጉድ አሰኝቷል፤

ይህ ድልድይ ተራ ግንባታ አይደለም፤ የተፈጥሮን አስቸጋሪ መልክዓ-ምድር በሰው ልጅ ዕውቀት የማሸነፍ ጥበብ እንጂ!

የድልድዩ ዋናው ቅስት ብቻውን 416 ሜትር ርዝማኔ ያለው ሲሆን፣ አጠቃላይ የድልድዩ ርዝመት ደግሞ 915 ሜትር ይደርሳል፤

ይህንን ግዙፍ ድልድይ በተራራማና ጥልቅ ሸለቆ ባለበት አስቸጋሪ ቦታ ላይ፣ ያውም በከፍተኛ ንፋስና የአየር ንብረት ተጽዕኖ ውስጥ ሆኖ ሚሊሜትር ሳይሳቱ በሰማይ ላይ በትክክል ማገናኘት እጅግ አስገራሚ የምህንድስና ብቃት የሚጠይቅ ነው፤

ግንባታው ሙሉ በሙሉ ተጠናቆ ለአገልግሎት ሲበቃ፣ በአካባቢው ያለውን የትራንስፖርት ትስስር ፍጹም በማቀላጠፍ ለቀጣናው የኢኮኖሚ ዕድገት አዲስ የጀርባ አጥንት እንደሚሆን ይጠበቃል፤

ይህንን ታላቅ ፕሮጀክት ስንመለከት፣ መሠረተ-ልማትና ከባድ ማሽነሪዎች የአንድን አገር የወደፊት ዕጣ ፈንታ እንዴት እንደሚቀይሩ በተጨባጭ እንረዳለን።

@etconp

👉Different Types of Dams

💫A dam is a hydraulic structure built across a river to store water, control floods, generate hydropower, and support irrigation.

1️⃣ Gravity Dam

Resists water pressure by its own weight.

Made mainly of concrete or masonry.

Suitable for strong rock foundations.

2️⃣ Arch Dam

Curved in plan.

Transfers water pressure to the valley sides.

Economical in narrow rocky gorges.

3️⃣ Buttress Dam

Consists of a deck supported by buttresses.

Uses less concrete than a gravity dam.

Suitable where material savings are important.

4️⃣ Embankment Dam

Constructed from earth, rockfill, or both.

Flexible and suitable for wide valleys.

Most common type of dam worldwide.

5️⃣ RCC (Roller Compacted Concrete) Dam

Built using compacted concrete layers.

Faster and more economical construction.

Widely used for large modern projects.

🫵Conclusion

The selection of a dam depends on site conditions, foundation strength, valley shape, available materials, and project requirements.

@etconp

👉Elevated Water Tank

💫Construction Details & Dimensions

🚧Purpose: Stores water at a height and supplies it by gravity.

🏷Main Components: RCC foundation, columns, beams, tank wall, bottom slab, roof slab, inlet, outlet, overflow, and washout pipe.

🪧Typical Tank Shape: Circular or rectangular RCC tank.

📈Wall Thickness: 150–200 mm

📉Bottom Slab Thickness: 150–250 mm

📊Freeboard: 300 mm

🧷Staging Height: 6–20 m (depending on design requirements)

🔖Foundation: RCC footing designed to safely transfer loads to the ground.

🖇Safety Features: Vent pipe, access ladder, manhole, railing, and waterproof coating.

#CivilEngineering #WaterTank #ElevatedWaterTank #RCCStructure #ConstructionDetails #StructuralEngineering #Infrastructure #EngineeringDrawing #SiteEngineering #WaterSupply

@etconp

👉Structural Frame Analysis 🏗️

🔖This shows a moment distribution method applied to a 2D portal frame (3 bays × 1 story).

🧷Key steps

🪧Fixed-end moments for each 8m span under 2.0 kN/m UDL → Midspan M = 16.00 kN·m, End M = 10.67 kN·m

🪧Member stiffness k = 4EJ/L → Columns (4m): k = EJ, Beams (8m): k = 0.5EJ

🪧Distribution factors at interior joints (E, F, G, H, B, C) = 0.50 each (moment splits equally between column and beam), at end joints (A, D) = 1.00

🪧The frame is 24m wide, 4m tall, with all members sharing the same EI — making distribution factors clean and symmetrical.

#StructuralAnalysis #MomentDistribution #PortalFrame #StructuralEngineering #CivilEngineering #StiffnessMethod #BeamDesign #FrameAnalysis #StructuralDesign #EngineeringMath

@etconp

በአዲስ መልክ ተዘጋጅተው የጸደቁትን የህንጻ ኮዶችና ስታንዳርዶች

የኢትዮጵያ ኮንስትራክሽን ባለስልጣን ለሀገራዊ የመሰረተ-ልማትና የኮንስትራክሽን ኢንዱስትሪ ትራንስፎርሜሽን ቁልፍ ሚና እንደሚጫወቱ የሚታመንባቸው  ነባርና በስራ ላይ የሚገኙ የህንጻ ኮዶችና ስታንዳርዶችን የማሻሻልና የማዘመን እንዲሁም አዳዲስና አስገዳጅ ኮድና ስታንዳርዶችን የማዘጋጀት ተግባር አከናውኗል፤፡

በአዲስ መልክ ተሻሽለው የተዘጋጁት እና የጸደቁት የሕንጻ ኮዶችና ስታንዳርዶች ሀገራዊ የኮንስትራክሽን ዘርፉ ዘመኑን የሚዋጅ ብሎም ጥራት፣ ፍጥነት እና ቴክኖሎጂን ያዋሃዱ እንዲሆኑ የተቀረጹ ናቸው፡፡

በኢትዮጵያ ኮንስትራክሽን ባለስልጣን መሪነትና በሀገሪቱ ከዘርፉ ጋር በቀጥታ ግንኙነት ያላቸው፣ በዕውቀትና በልምድ የዳበሩ ምሁራንና ባለሙያዎች ተሳታፊነት በአዲስ መልክ የተዘጋጁት ኮዶችና ስታንዳርዶች በይዘትም ሆነ ሽፋን ረገድ ከዚህ ቀደም ከነበሩት የሕንጻ ኮዶችና ስታንዳርዶች የላቁ ናቸው፡፡

በአዲስ መልክ የተዘጋጁት ባለ 40 ቅጽ የህንጻ ኮድና ስታንዳርዶች ከደህንነት፣ ከዲዛይን፣ ከህንጻ መዋቅር፣ ከሕንጻ እድሳት፣ የህንጻ ከፍታ መጓጓዣ(Elevator) እና መሰል ጉዳዮች ጋር በተያያዘ የማሻሻያ ክለሳ ተካሂዷል፣ አዳዲስ ኮዶች እንዲሁም አስገዳጅ ማዕቀፎችም ተካተውበታል፡፡

በአዲስ መልክ ተዘጋጅተው የጸደቁት ኮዶችና ስታንዳርዶች ዝርዝር  በምስሉ የተመለከቱት ናቸው

Via ኢትዮጵያ ኮንስትራክሽን ባለስልጣን

🔖ለተጨማሪ የግንባታ እውቀቶች ቻናላችንን ይከታተሉ 👇

https://t.me/etconpwork

@etconp

👉Setting out a building using profiles and string lines is one of the most critical steps in construction because it defines the accuracy of the foundation before any excavation or concreting begins.

Here’s a detailed breakdown:

🔹 Purpose of Profiles and String Lines

Profiles are temporary wooden boards fixed around the perimeter of the proposed building.

They act as reference points to stretch string lines, which mark the exact position of walls, foundations, and corners.

This ensures the building is square, aligned, and positioned correctly on the site.

🔹 Key Steps in the Process

- Site preparation: Clear vegetation, debris, and level the ground where possible.
- Profile placement: Fix wooden profiles at least 900 mm away from the foundation line to avoid disturbance during excavation.
- String line setup: Stretch taut string lines between profiles to mark the foundation edges. Strings must be tight and level.
- Corner marking: Use a plumb bob to transfer string intersections to the ground, marking exact corner points with stakes or pegs.
- Diagonal checking: Measure diagonals of the layout; equal diagonals confirm the building is square.
- Slope adjustment: On sloping sites, higher profiles are used at the lower end to maintain level string lines.

🔹 Best Practices

- Always double-check measurements before excavation.
- Keep strings tight to avoid sagging, which can distort alignment.
- Ensure braces are strong enough to hold profiles steady during the entire construction process.
- Mark both inside and outside foundation lines for clarity.

🔹 Importance

Accurate set-out ensures the foundation is straight, walls are aligned, and the overall structure is strong.

Any error at this stage can lead to misaligned walls, uneven loads, and costly corrections later.

This method is fundamental in civil engineering because it bridges design drawings with actual ground execution.

#Construction #CivilEngineering #BuildingSetout #FoundationWork #StructuralAccuracy

@etconp

👉Here’s a detailed explanation of the Hydraulic Design of Side Inlet Intake based on the engineering guide shared:

🔹 Concept of Side Inlet Intake

A side inlet intake is a hydraulic structure used to divert water from a main channel into a secondary chamber or pipe system. It is commonly applied in irrigation, drainage, and water supply systems. The design ensures controlled flow, prevents clogging, and maintains safe velocities to avoid erosion or structural damage.

🔹 Key Components

- Trash rack – prevents debris from entering the intake.
- Gate valve – regulates flow into the wet chamber.
- Wet chamber – collects water before discharge.
- Dry chamber – houses control mechanisms.
- Weep holes – relieve pressure and prevent uplift.
- Concrete slab – provides structural stability.

🔹 Hydraulic Design Parameters

1. Exit Velocity (V):
- Formula ensures velocity ≤ 0.60 m/s (safe limit).
- Prevents erosion at outlet.

2. Elevation Difference (Hf):
- Difference between inlet and outlet elevations.
- Used to calculate constructive length (L).

3. Length (L):
- Derived from elevation difference.
- Ensures smooth transition of flow.

4. Inlet Pipe Diameter (D):
- Calculated using discharge equation:
- Area \( A = \frac{Q{max}}{Cd \times V} \)
- Diameter \( D = \sqrt{\frac{4A}{\pi}} \)
- Ensures adequate flow capacity.

🔹 Example Design Values

- Head (H): 0.40 m
- Gravity (g): 9.81 m/s²
- Exit velocity (V): 0.60 m/s (recommended)
- Inlet elevation (Hf): 0.37 m
- Constructive length (L): 1.25 m
- Pipe diameter (D): 0.09 m (≈ 3.5 inch)

🔹 Practical Considerations

- Flow regulation: Gate valves must be sized for operational control.
- Sediment control: Trash racks and chamber design reduce clogging.
- Structural safety: Concrete slab and weep holes prevent uplift and failure.
- Maintenance: Regular cleaning of trash racks and inspection of valves is essential.

🔹 In short

The side inlet intake design balances hydraulic efficiency and structural safety. By controlling velocity, elevation differences, and pipe sizing, engineers ensure reliable water diversion without erosion or clogging.

#CivilEngineering #HydraulicDesign #WaterManagement #IntakeStructure #StructuralMechanics #EngineeringDesign #PlumbingSystems #ConcreteStructures #FluidMechanics

@etconp

1. Beam and Loading

- A simply supported beam with a span of 6 m is subjected to a uniformly distributed load of 10 kN/m. 
- The maximum bending moment for this setup works out to 45 kN·m.

2. Cross-Section Properties

- The beam has a rectangular section: 
  - Width = 12 cm 
  - Depth = 40 cm 
- The calculated second moment of area is 64,000 cm⁴.

3. Flexure Concept

- Using the flexure principle, the bending stress depends on: 
  - The maximum bending moment (converted into consistent units). 
  - The distance from the neutral axis to the outer fiber (20 cm here). 
  - The second moment of area (64,000 cm⁴).

4. Maximum Bending Stress

- After applying values, the maximum bending stress comes out to 14.06 MPa. 
- This stress level is within the safe range for many structural materials, but actual design checks must compare it against the material’s allowable stress.

@etconp

👉Pipe Culvert Design Detailed Explanation

🔖A pipe culvert is a circular drainage structure placed under an embankment to safely carry water across.

🪧It is economical, easy to construct, and widely used in road and irrigation projects.

⚙️ Types of Pipe Culverts

- Single Barrel Pipe Culvert – one pipe for small discharges.
- Multiple Barrel Pipe Culvert – two or more pipes laid parallel for larger flows.
- Pipe Arch Culvert – arch‑shaped pipe used where headroom is limited.
- Box Culvert (RCBC) – reinforced concrete rectangular section for high discharge and shallow cover.

📊 Design Data Required

Key inputs before design:
- Discharge (flow rate)
- Design Head (available hydraulic head)
- Type of Soil (affects bedding and bearing)
- Safe Bearing Capacity (SBC) (soil strength)
- Unit Weight of Soil (for load calculations)
- Friction Coefficient (for bedding and thrust checks)

🔩 Pipe Diameter

The pipe size is determined using hydraulic design principles to ensure it can carry the required discharge under full‑flow conditions.

🪨 Bedding and Support

- Pipes are laid on a compacted granular bed.
- Bedding thickness is generally one‑tenth of the pipe diameter, with a minimum of 100 mm.
- For larger pipes (over 450 mm), a concrete cradle is provided.

🧱 Cover Over Pipe

The cover is the depth of soil above the pipe crown. Adequate cover protects the pipe from traffic loads. Minimum cover is usually 0.30 m or as per specifications.

⚖️ Load Considerations

Loads acting on the pipe include:
- Dead load of soil above the pipe
- Live load from vehicles (as per IRC Class A)
- Self‑weight of the pipe
- Water pressure, if present

🧮 Bearing Pressure Check

The total vertical load is compared against the soil’s safe bearing capacity. The design ensures that the pressure transmitted to the soil does not exceed its allowable limit.

💪 Structural Strength Verification

Pipes must resist crushing and cracking. Strength is checked as per IS 458, and appropriate pipe class (NP2, NP3, NP4) is selected based on load and cover depth.

🌊 Additional Design Features

- Provide headwalls, wing walls, and aprons at inlet and outlet.
- Ensure proper alignment and gradient for smooth flow.
- Compact backfill in layers around the pipe to avoid settlement.

#PipeCulvertDesign #CivilEngineering #DrainageStructures #HydraulicDesign #StructuralMechanics #ConcretePipes #IRCSpecifications #IS458 #RoadDrainage #ConstructionEngineering

@etconp

👉Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) Test – Assessing Concrete Quality Without Damage!

🔖The Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) Test is a widely used Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) method in civil engineering for evaluating the quality, uniformity, and integrity of concrete structures.

🎯 Purpose of the UPV Test

✅ Assess concrete quality and homogeneity
✅ Detect cracks, voids, honeycombing, and internal defects
✅ Indirectly estimate concrete strength (with proper calibration)
✅ Monitor deterioration and structural health over time

⚙️ How It Works

Ultrasonic sound waves are transmitted through concrete, and the travel time is measured.

📐 Formula:
V = L / T

Where:
🔹 V = Pulse Velocity (m/s)
🔹 L = Path Length (m)
🔹 T = Transit Time (s)

💡 Higher pulse velocity indicates denser, stronger, and better-quality concrete.

📊 Typical UPV Results

🟢 Above 4.5 km/s → Excellent Quality Concrete
🟡 3.5 – 4.5 km/s → Good Quality Concrete
🟠 3.0 – 3.5 km/s → Medium Quality Concrete
🔴 Below 3.0 km/s → Doubtful Quality Concrete

📍 Testing Methods

1️⃣ Direct Transmission – Highest accuracy; transducers placed on opposite sides.
2️⃣ Semi-Direct Transmission – Transducers positioned at right angles.
3️⃣ Indirect (Surface) Transmission – Transducers placed on the same surface.

🏢 A reliable and efficient technique for evaluating concrete integrity without causing damage to the structure

@etconp

👉Step-by-Step Concrete Volume Calculation for a Staircase

🪧Concrete volume calculation for a staircase involves determining the waist slab volume and the volume of all steps.

🔖Accurate calculation helps estimate material requirements, control costs, and ensure efficient construction planning.

💫Formula: Total Staircase Volume = Waist Slab Volume + Volume of All Steps

#ConcreteVolumeCalculation
#CivilEngineering
#QuantitySurveying
#ConstructionEstimation
#BuildingConstruction

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@etconp

👉Some Most Important Questions for Construction Engineers

1. What is the difference between dead load, live load, and wind load?

2. What is the difference between one-way slab and two-way slab?

3. What are the main ingredients of concrete?

4. What is the purpose of curing in concrete?

5. What is the difference between PCC and RCC?

6. What is the minimum curing period for concrete?

7. What is the difference between footing and foundation?

8. What is the water-cement ratio and why is it important?

9. What is the purpose of stirrups in reinforced concrete beams?

10. What are the common tests conducted on cement?

11. What is the difference between bearing capacity and safe bearing capacity of soil?

12. What is a Bar Bending Schedule (BBS)?

13. What is the difference between plinth level, sill level, and lintel level?

14. What is the purpose of expansion joints in structures?

15. What are the common defects found in concrete structures?

16. What is the difference between brick masonry and block masonry?

17. What is the purpose of camber in roads?

18. What is super elevation and why is it provided?

19. What is the difference between open traverse and closed traverse?

20. What is RL (Reduced Level) in surveying?

21. What are the different methods of levelling?

22. What is the purpose of a retaining wall?

23. What is the difference between flexible pavement and rigid pavement?

24. What are the types of foundations used in building construction?

25. What safety precautions should be followed on a construction site?

#CivilEngineering #CivilEngineer #EngineeringInterview #SiteEngineer #Construction #Surveying #ConcreteTechnology #StructuralEngineering #SoilMechanics #HighwayEngineering #BuildingConstruction #EngineeringStudents #CivilEngineeringTools #SiteKnowledge #EngineeringQuestions

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👉Weight of RCC Structural Elements

🧷The steel quantity in RCC members can be estimated as a percentage of the concrete volume. Generally, slabs require about 1%, beams 2%, footings 0.8%, and columns 2.5% steel reinforcement.

🪧Using the steel density of 7850 kg/m³, engineers can quickly estimate the required steel weight during preliminary design and cost calculations.

#RCCDesign #SteelEstimation #CivilEngineering #StructuralEngineering #ReinforcedConcrete #ConstructionEngineering #BeamDesign #ColumnDesign #FootingDesign #ConstructionTips

@etconp

በሪል ስቴት ዘርፍ ውስጥ ያሉ አብዛኞቹ ሰዎች ራሳቸውን ሲያስተዋውቁ በሥራ መደባቸው ይጀምራሉ።

እኔ ግን አብዛኛውን ጊዜ የምጀምረው እዚህ እንዴት እንደደረስኩ በመናገር ነው።

August 2018 — የመጀመሪያ የስራ ቀኔ፣ በሰርቪየርነት (በመሬት ለኪነት) ነበር።
ቀኔን የማሳልፈው መሬት በመለካት፣ ካርታ በማውጣት፣ ገና ግንባታ ያልተጀመረባቸውን ቦታዎች በመጎብኘት ነበር።

ከሽያጭ በፊት። ከማርኬቲንግ በፊት። ከማኔጅመንት በፊት። ሪል ስቴትን በትክክል የተማርኩት እዚያ ላይ ነው።

ቢሮ ውስጥ ሆኜ ሳይሆን፣ ቦታው ላይ ተገኝቼ — ፕሮጀክቶች በተግባር እንዴት እንደሚቆሙ፣ ውሳኔ በውሳኔ፣ ቦታ በቦታ — በማየት ነው።

ባለፉት ዓመታት አንድ የሚደጋገም ሁኔታ አስተውያለሁ፦ ከጅምሩ የተስተካከለ ዕቅድ ያላቸው ፕሮጀክቶች ይሳካሉ። ለረዥም ጊዜ የሚቆይ ነገር ከመገንባት ይልቅ በፍጥነት ለመሸጥ ብቻ ያቀዱ ፕሮጀክቶች ግን ይቸገራሉ።

ከሰርቪየርነት ወደ ሱፐርቫይዘርነት አደግኩ። ቀጥሎም ሀሞና ሴልስ ኤንድ ማርኬቲንግ ኮንሰልታንሲን መሠረትኩ። ዛሬ ደግሞ በቴምር ሽያጭ እና ማርኬቲንግ ስራ አስኪያጅ ሆኜ እያገለገልኩ ነው።

ስለዚህ ዛሬ ከገዢ፣ ከባለሀብት ወይም ከአልሚ ጋር ስቀመጥ፣ የምናገረው የትም ያነበብኩትን ሳይሆን — ሰባት ዓመት ሙሉ በስራው ውስጥ ሆኜ ያየሁትን ነው።

የኢትዮጵያ ሪል ስቴት በፍጥነት እየተቀየረ ነው። እኔ የማምነው ጥልቅ ለውጥ የሚያመጡት ከህንፃው በስተጀርባ ያለውን ሰው እና ሂደት የተረዱት መሆናቸውን ነው።

እኔም መቀጠል የምፈልገው በዚህ መንገድ ነው።

#ethiopianrealestate #addisababa #realestate #propertyinvestment #Ethiopia #CareerJourney

Via Teshome Girma

@etconp

👉የ63% የሰው ኃይል ቅነሳ፤ የቻይናው የባቡር ግንባታ ሜጋ ማሽን የምህንድስና ተአምር🇨🇳🚄🏗️

​በምህንድስናው ዓለም ውስጥ ከፍተኛ አድናቆትን ያተረፈ አንድ እውነተኛና አስገራሚ የቴክኖሎጂ ስኬት ይዘንላቹ ቀርበናል።

​ቻይና በአጭር ጊዜ ውስጥ የዓለማችንን ትልቁን የፈጣን ባቡር ሃዲድ መረብ መገንባት የቻለችው በሰው ኃይል ብቻ ሳይሆን፣ እጅግ ዘመናዊ በሆኑ አውቶሜትድ ማሽነሪዎች እገዛ ነው።

ከእነዚህም መካከል ግንባር ቀደሙን ስፍራ የሚይዘው «ስማርት የሃዲድ መዘርጊያ ማሽን» (Automated Track-Laying Machine) ነው፦

• ​የ63% የሰው ኃይል ቅነሳ፦ ይህ ግዙፍ ማሽን የባቡር ሃዲዶቹን እና የኮንክሪት መከዶቹን (Sleepers) በራሱ ጊዜ በትክክለኛው የጂኦሜትሪ ልኬት አስልቶ ጥቅጥቅ አድርጎ የሚዘረጋ ሲሆን፣ ባህላዊው አሠራር የሚጠይቀውን የሰው ኃይል በ63% በመቀነስ የሠራተኞችን ደህንነት አስተማማኝ አድርጓል።
• ​የፍጥነት ተአምር፦ ማሽኑ በቀን ውስጥ እስከ ጥቂት ኪሎ ሜትሮች የሚረዝም ሙሉ የባቡር ሃዲድ የመዘርጋት አቅም አለው። ይህ ቴክኖሎጂ ግንባታን ከመቶ እጥፍ በላይ ከማፋጠኑም በላይ፣ በሰው ኃይል ሊፈጠሩ የሚችሉ ጥቃቅን የንድፍ ስህተቶችን ወደ ዜሮ አውርዷል።
​
የወደፊቱ የኮንስትራክሽን ኢንዱስትሪ ሙሉ በሙሉ በማሽነሪዎችና በአውቶሜሽን (Automation) ላይ የተመሠረተ እየሆነ መጥቷል።

እንደነዚህ ያሉ ሜጋ ማሽኖች የወጪ ባጀትና የግንባታ ጊዜን በከፍተኛ ደረጃ የሚቀንሱ በመሆናቸው ለትላልቅ የሀገር ውስጥ የመሠረተ-ልማት ግንባታዎችም ትልቅ ማስተማሪያ ናቸው።

​ለመወያያ የሚሆን ጥያቄ፦ በሀገራችን የሜጋ ፕሮጀክቶች ግንባታ (እንደ መንገድና ባቡር መስመሮች) ላይ እንደዚህ ያሉ አውቶሜትድ ማሽነሪዎችን በስፋት ባለመጠቀማችን የምናጣው ጊዜና ባጀት ምን ያህል ይሆን? የቴክኖሎጂው እጥረት በፕሮጀክቶቻችን መጓተት ላይ ያለው ተፅዕኖስ?

​👇 ሙያዊ አስተያየትዎን በኮሜንት ያካፍሉን

Via National Construction

@etconp