🚗WHY YOU LOSE CONTROL IN CURVES

🌟Taking a curve safely is all about maintaining the right balance between speed, tyre grip, braking, weight transfer, and road geometry.

☄A small mistake can quickly turn into skidding or loss of vehicle control.

🔹 1. Excess Speed

Entering a curve too fast increases the lateral force required to keep the vehicle on its path. If the available tyre grip is insufficient, the vehicle may skid.

Higher speed = Higher risk

🔹 2. Wet or Loose Road Surface

Rain, mud, gravel, sand, and other loose materials reduce tyre–road friction. With less available grip, the vehicle can lose traction more easily.

Less friction = More possibility of sliding

🔹 3. Braking Inside the Curve

Heavy braking while cornering can shift load toward the front axle and reduce available rear-tyre traction. This can contribute to oversteer or instability.

✅ Best practice: Reduce speed and brake smoothly before entering the curve whenever possible.

🔹 4. Incorrect Camber

Proper road camber helps with drainage and can support stable vehicle movement through curves. Poor or inappropriate cross-slope design can negatively affect handling and safety.

🛣️ Safe Driving Tips

• Slow down before entering a curve.
• Steer smoothly and avoid sudden movements.
• Keep tyres properly inflated and in good condition.
• Avoid harsh braking while turning.
• Adjust your driving to weather and road conditions.
• Never assume every curve can be taken at the same speed.

📌 Key Point

Safe cornering depends on SPEED + FRICTION + WEIGHT TRANSFER + ROAD GEOMETRY.

⚠️ Always follow posted speed limits and drive according to actual road conditions.

Drive safe. Arrive safe. 🚘

#CivilEngineering #RoadEngineering #HighwayEngineering #TrafficEngineering #RoadSafety #SafeDriving #CurveSafety #RoadDesign #HighwaySafety #TransportationEngineering

@etconp

👉አዲስ ባሁን የገበያ ዋጋ የተሰራ የህንፃ Cost BreakDown Analysis እና BOQ ከፈለጉ ከታች ባለው ሊን ያውርዱ👇

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👉Types of Loads on Structures

🌟In civil engineering, loads are forces or other actions that cause stresses, deformations, or displacements in structures. Loads can be classified into:

1️⃣ Dead Load (DL):

Permanent/static load.
Includes weight of structural elements: beams, columns, slabs, walls, etc.
Example: Self-weight of concrete slab.

2️⃣ Live Load (LL):

Temporary or movable load.
Includes people, furniture, vehicles, equipment, snow, etc.
Example: People walking inside a building.

3️⃣ Wind Load (WL):

Horizontal load due to wind pressure.
Important for tall buildings, towers, bridges.

4️⃣ Seismic Load (Earthquake Load):

Due to ground motion during earthquakes.
Horizontal and vertical components.

5️⃣ Snow Load:

Weight of accumulated snow on structures.
Depends on location and climate.

6️⃣ Thermal Load:

Caused by temperature changes leading to expansion or contraction of materials.

​🌐 ለተጨማሪ መረጃ እና ሌሎች የኮንስትራክሽን ዘርፍ ዜናዎች የ YouTube ገፃችን ከታች ባለው ሊንክ በመግባት SubScribe አርገው ቤተሰብ ይሁኑ👇

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‎
‎@etconp

ገዳ ባንክ አዲስ የሚያስገነባውን የህንፃ ዲዛይን ይፋ አደረገ፡፡

ባንኩ አስገነባዋለሁ ያለው ዋና መስሪያ ቤት ሜክሲኮ አካባቢ በ6 ሺህ 579 ካሬ ሜትር ላይ እንደሚያርፍም ተናግሯል፡፡

ገዳ ባንኩ ይፋ ያደረገው የህንፃው ዲዛይን የኪነ-ሕንፃ ጥበብን ከዘመናዊ ቴክኖሎጂ ጋር ያቀናጀ መሆኑን የተናገሩት የባንኩ ዋና ስራ አስፈፃሚ አቶ ወልዴ ቡልቶ የዋና መሥሪያ ቤት ግንባታ ለማካሄድ የዲዛይን ውድድር ሲያካሂድ ቆይቷል ብለዋል።

ውድድሩ በዘርፉ በታወቁ ገለልተኛ ዳኞች ጥብቅ ምዘና ሲደረግበት የቆየ መሆኑ የተነገረ ሲሆን መስፈርቱን አሟልተው ለውድድር ከቀረቡ 18 ተወዳዳሪዎች አንድ ድርጅት አሸንፏል ተብሏል።

ወደ ስራ ከገባ ሶስት አመታትን ያስቆጠረው ገዳ ባንክ ከ32 ሺህ በላይ ባለአክሲዮኖች እንዳሉት ያነሳ ሲሆን ጠቅላላ ሀብቴ 12.6 ቢሊየን ብር ማደግ ችሏል ብሏል።

በተጨማሪም እስካሁን ከ110 በላይ ቅርንጫፎችን መክፈቱን የተናገረ ሲሆን በተጠናቀቀው በጀት አመትም ከ1 ቢሊየን ብር በላይ ትርፍ ማግኘቱን ባንኩ አስረድቷል።

@etconp

👉Soil Mechanics -Consolidation

1️⃣ What is Consolidation?

It is the process where saturated soil decreases in volume because water slowly drains out due to an applied load.
Mainly happens in fine-grained soils like clay.

2️⃣ Types of Consolidation

🌟Primary Consolidation:
Water escapes from the soil pores, reducing water pressure and increasing strength.

🌟Secondary Consolidation (Creep):

Long-term adjustment where soil particles slowly rearrange after most water has drained.

3️⃣ Why is Consolidation Important?

Helps predict settlement of buildings, roads, and other structures built on clayey soils.
Prevents unexpected long-term settlements that may damage structures.

4️⃣ Factors Affecting Consolidation

- Type of soil (clay consolidates more than sand).
- Thickness of the compressible soil layer.
- Permeability (how easily water can flow out).
- Magnitude of the applied load.

5️⃣ Common Applications

- Foundation design.
- Road embankment construction.
-Earth dams and retaining walls.

@etconp

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👉TYPES OF CEMENT

1. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)

OPC is the most widely used cement for general construction. It develops high early and ultimate strength, making it suitable for structural concrete.

Applications: Buildings, bridges, roads, reinforced concrete, foundations, and precast elements.

2. Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC)

PPC is produced by blending OPC clinker with pozzolanic materials such as fly ash. It generates less heat during hydration, improves long-term strength, and offers excellent durability.

Applications: Mass concrete, masonry, plastering, foundations, dams, and marine structures.

3. Rapid Hardening Cement

Rapid Hardening Cement gains strength much faster than OPC during the early days, allowing earlier removal of formwork and quicker project completion.

Applications: Road repairs, precast concrete, airport pavements, and fast-track construction.

4. Sulphate Resisting Cement (SRC)

SRC contains a low percentage of tricalcium aluminate (C₃A), making it highly resistant to sulphate attack from soil and groundwater.

Applications: Sewage treatment plants, marine structures, foundations in sulphate-rich soils, and underground structures.

5. White Cement

White Cement is manufactured from raw materials with very low iron content, resulting in its white color. It is mainly used for decorative purposes.

Applications: Architectural finishes, terrazzo flooring, tile grouts, decorative concrete, and sculptures.

6. Low Heat Cement

Low Heat Cement produces less heat during hydration, minimizing thermal cracking in large concrete sections.

Applications: Dams, raft foundations, retaining walls, large footings, and thick concrete sections.

7. Quick Setting Cement

Quick Setting Cement sets very rapidly, making it ideal where immediate setting is required. It differs from Rapid Hardening Cement because it sets quickly but does not necessarily gain strength faster.

Applications: Underwater construction, grouting, tunnel lining, emergency repairs, and leak sealing.

8. Blast Furnace Slag Cement (BFSC)

BFSC is produced by blending Portland cement clinker with granulated blast furnace slag. It provides excellent resistance to chemicals and improves durability.

Applications: Marine structures, bridges, wastewater treatment plants, industrial floors, and mass concrete.

9. High Alumina Cement (HAC)

High Alumina Cement contains a high percentage of alumina, giving it rapid strength development and excellent resistance to high temperatures and chemical attack.

Applications: Refractory concrete, furnace linings, chemical plants, industrial floors, and fire-resistant structures.

10. Colored Cement

Colored Cement is made by adding mineral pigments to ordinary or white cement. It is primarily used for aesthetic purposes.

Applications: Decorative flooring, architectural facades, pavements, landscaping, and ornamental structures.

11. Expansive Cement

Expansive Cement expands slightly during the setting process, compensating for shrinkage and reducing cracking.

Applications: Water-retaining structures, grouting, anchor bolts, bridge decks, and crack-resistant concrete.

12. Hydrophobic Cement

Hydrophobic Cement contains water-repellent additives that protect it from moisture during storage and transportation, making it suitable for humid environments.

Applications: Construction in rainy or humid regions, remote project sites, long-distance transportation, and long-term storage.

@etconp

👉ለጠቅላላ እውቀት

🌟15 ዋና ዋና የኤክሴል (Excel) ቀመሮች ፦

▶️ኤክሴል በዋናነት እነዚህ 15 ቀመሮች ናቸው እነዚህን ይማሩ፣ ለመጀመር የሚያስፈልግዎ ያ ብቻ ነው!

1. COUNT (ቆጠራ)

ጥቅሙ፦ በተሰጠው የሴል ክልል (range) ውስጥ ያሉትን የሴሎች ብዛት ይቆጥራል።

ምሳሌ፦ =COUNTA(A1:A100)

2. SUM (ድምር)

ጥቅሙ፦ በተመረጡ የሴል ክልሎች ውስጥ ያሉትን ቁጥሮች በሙሉ ይደምራል።

ምሳሌ፦ =SUM(C5:C50)

3. AVERAGE (አማካኝ)

ጥቅሙ፦ የተመረጡ የሴሎችን የቁጥር አማካኝ ያሰላል።

ምሳሌ፦ =AVERAGE(B2:B10)

4. MAX/MIN (ከፍተኛ/ዝቅተኛ)

ጥቅሙ፦ በአንድ ስብስብ ውስጥ ያለውን ከፍተኛውን ወይም ዝቅተኛውን ቁጥር ያወጣል።

ምሳሌ፦ =MAX(A1:A10) ወይም =MIN(A1:A10)

5. SORT (ደረጃ በደረጃ ማስቀመጥ)

ጥቅሙ፦ መረጃዎችን በፊደል ወይም በቁጥር ቅደም ተከተል (ከትንሽ ወደ ትልቅ ወይም በተቃራኒው) ያስተካክላል።

ምሳሌ፦ =SORT(A2:B10, 2, -1)

6. IF (ከሆነ)

ጥቅሙ፦ አንድ መስፈርት ከተሟላ አንዱን ውጤት፣ ካልተሟላ ደግሞ ሌላ ውጤት እንዲሰጥ ያደርጋል።

ምሳሌ፦ =IF(A2>30, "Pass", "Fail")

7. IFS (ከሆኑ - ለብዙ መስፈርቶች)

ጥቅሙ፦ እንደ "IF" ሆኖ ነገር ግን ብዙ መስፈርቶችን በአንድ ላይ ለመፈተሽ ያገለግላል።

ምሳሌ፦ =IFS(A2>90, "A", A2>80, "B", A2>70, "C", "F")

8. VLOOKUP (መረጃ መፈለጊያ)

ጥቅሙ፦ በአንድ ሰንጠረዥ የመጀመሪያ ረድፍ ላይ መረጃ ፈልጎ በዚያው መስመር ያለን ሌላ መረጃ ያወጣል።

ምሳሌ፦ =VLOOKUP(A2, A1:D10, 3, FALSE)

9. XLOOKUP (ዘመናዊ መረጃ መፈለጊያ)

ጥቅሙ፦ ከ "VLOOKUP" የተሻለና የቀለለ የፍለጋ ዘዴ (አዲስ የኤክሴል ስሪቶች ላይ የሚገኝ)።

ምሳሌ፦ =XLOOKUP(E2, A2:A10, B2:B10, "Not Found")

10. SEARCH (ፍለጋ)

ጥቅሙ፦ በአንድ የጽሁፍ ክፍል ውስጥ የሚፈለገውን ቃል ወይም ፊደል ያለበትን ቦታ ይለያል።

ምሳሌ፦ =SEARCH("gmail", A2)

11. UNIQUE (ልዩ/ያልተደገመ)

ጥቅሙ፦ ከአንድ የዝርዝር መረጃ ውስጥ የተደጋገሙትን በማስቀረት ልዩ የሆኑትን ብቻ ለይቶ ያወጣል።

ምሳሌ፦ =UNIQUE(A2:A50)

12. CONCAT (ማያያዣ)

ጥቅሙ፦ የተለያዩ የጽሁፍ ክፍሎችን ወይም የሴል መረጃዎችን ወደ አንድ ያገናኛል።

ምሳሌ፦ =CONCAT(A2, " ", B2)

13. LET (ስም መስጠት)

ጥቅሙ፦ ለስሌት ውጤቶች ስም በመስጠት ውስብስብ የሆኑ ቀመሮችን ለማቅለል ይረዳል።

ምሳሌ፦ =LET(x, A1*2, y, B1+10, x+y)

14. SUMIFS (በመስፈርት መደመር)

ጥቅሙ፦ ከአንድ በላይ መስፈርቶችን የሚያሟሉ መረጃዎችን ብቻ ለይቶ ይደምራል።

ምሳሌ፦ =SUMIFS(D2:D10, A2:A10, "Sales", B2:B10, ">1000")

15. AVERAGEIF (በመስፈርት አማካኝ ማውጣት)

ጥቅሙ፦ የተወሰነ መስፈርትን የሚያሟሉ የሴሎችን አማካኝ ብቻ ያሰላል።

ምሳሌ፦ =AVERAGEIF(A2:A10, ">50", B2:B10)

@etconp

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🏗️BASIC IMPORTANT POINTS FOR CIVIL SITE ENGINEERS & SUPERVISORS

Proper site execution requires attention to reinforcement detailing, nominal cover, stirrup spacing, durability, and concrete quality.

🔹 Nominal Cover

Typical values shown in the infographic:

Footing: 50 mm

Column: 40 mm

Slab: 20 mm

Beam: 25 mm

⚠️ Important: Actual nominal cover must be selected according to the applicable design code, exposure condition, fire requirements, and structural drawings. Do not use these values universally.

🔹 Number of Stirrups in a Beam

A commonly used calculation is:

No. of stirrups = Clear span ÷ C/C spacing + 1

The actual spacing must follow the structural design and applicable code, especially near beam-column joints where closer spacing may be required.

🔹 Reinforcement Splicing

Large-diameter bars require special attention to splice detailing.

Do not assume welding is always preferred; lap length, mechanical couplers, or welding should be selected according to the structural drawings and applicable code.

🔹 Durability of Concrete

Water and moisture can contribute to reinforcement corrosion when they penetrate concrete, particularly when concrete quality, cover, compaction, or curing is inadequate.

PCC does not contain reinforcement, but concrete itself can still deteriorate due to water, chemicals, freeze-thaw action, abrasion, etc.

✅Site Takeaways

✔ Maintain specified concrete cover
✔ Check stirrup diameter, spacing and anchorage
✔ Follow approved structural drawings
✔ Ensure proper reinforcement placement and tying
✔ Provide adequate compaction and curing
✔ Select concrete grade and durability requirements according to exposure conditions
✔ Always follow the applicable local structural code

Note: The values in this infographic should be treated as educational examples, not as a substitute for structural design or project specifications.

@etconp

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👉Daily Tips

🌟Punching shear is a type of failure that occurs in flat slabs or foundations when they are subjected to high concentrated loads, such as columns.

The failure happens in a circular shape around the load, creating a cone-shaped perforation in the slab. This is a brittle and dangerous failure mode that requires careful design and verification

To prevent punching shear, engineers need to consider the following steps¹:

- Check if the concrete is strong enough alone;
- If not, check if the amount of reinforcement is reasonable;
- Design reinforcement if reasonable, if not, change the form of structure.

Some examples of reinforcement methods are using vertical bars, drop panels, or flared column heads². Alternatively, some codes of practice may allow more liberal design assumptions

Punching shear is a complex phenomenon that involves many factors, such as slab thickness, column size, load magnitude, concrete strength, and reinforcement ratio.

@etconp

👉ማስታወቂያ

የአዲስ አበባ ከተማ ቤቶች ልማት ኮርፓሬሽን ከተማ አስተዳደሩ በልዩ ትኩረት እየተገበረ ለሚገኘው መጠነ ሰፊ የቤት ልማት ፕሮግራም በግንባታው ዘርፍ ላይ የተሰማሩ እና መስፈርቱን የሚያሟሉ ስራ ተቋራጮችን አወዳድሮ ለማሰራት ይጋብዛል፡፡

⏺በዚሁ መነሻ

1. ለስራ ተቋራጮች ምዝገባ መሟላት ያሉባቸው መረጃዎች፡-
 
ሀ) የታደሰ የንግድ ፍቃድ፣የተጨማሪ እሴት ታክስ ምዝገባ ሰርተፍኬት፣የታደሰ የብቃት ማረጋገጫ ምዝገባ ሰርተፍኬት እና የአቅራቢዎች ዝርዝር ውስጥ ስለመመዝገቡ የምስክር ወረቀት ማቅረብ የሚችል፤

ለ) በምዝገባው ወቅት የሰነዶቹን ዋና እና አንድ የማይመለስ ቅጂ በአካል የሚቀርብ ሆኖ የስራ ተቋራጩ የበላይ ኃላፊ፣ ባለቤት ወይም ህጋዊ ውክልና ያለው ተወካይ ፊርማ እና የድርጅቱ ህጋዊ ማህተም በማድረግ ማቅረብ ይጠበቅበታል፡፡

2. ከደረጃ 1-4 ጠቅላላ ስራ ተቋራጭ(GC) እና ( BC )ህንፃ ተቋራጭ እንዲሁም ጠቅላላ ስራ ተቋራጭ (GC) ደረጃ 5 የብቃት ማረጋገጫ ያላቸው በግንባታው ዘርፍ ላይ የተሰማሩ ስራ ተቋራጮች ተሳታፊ መሆን ይችላሉ ።

3. ከቅዳሜ  9 /12/2018 ዓ/ም (ከጠዋቱ 2፡30) ቅዳሜ ሙሉ ቀን ጨምሮ ለ5 (አምስት) ተከታታይ የስራ ቀናት( እስከ ሀሙስ 14/12/2018 ዓ/ም ከሰዓት 11፡30) በአካል በመቅረብ በኮርፖሬሽኑ 11ኛ ወለል በሚገኝ አዳራሽ ላይ ምዝገባ በማድረግ መረጃዎቹ መሟላታቸው በመዝጋቢው ሲረጋገጥ ለዚሁ የተዘጋጀ የቴክኒካል ሰነድ መግዛት ይቻላል።

4. ተገቢውን ሰነድ በማቅረብ የምዝገባ ሂደቱን በሚገባ ያሟለ ተቋራጮችን በተመለከተ ምዝገባው በተጠናቀቀ በ 24 ሰዓት ውስጥ በቀን 15/12/2018 ዓ/ም በተቋሙ ማህበራዊ ድህረ ገጽ እና በኮርፖሬሽኑ የማስታወቂያ ቦርድ 11ኛ ወለል የሚለጠፍ ይሆናል፡፡

5. ተቋራጮች የቅድመ ምዝገባ ውጤት ከታወቀበት ቀን ጀምሮ በአስር (10) ተከታታይ የስራ ቀናት ውስጥ አንድ ኦርጅናል እና ሁለት ቅጂ የቴክኒካል ፕሮፖዛላቸውን ለዚሁ በተዘጋጀ ሳጥን እስከ ቀን 27/12/2018 ዓ/ም ከሰዓት 11:30 ድረስ ብቻ ማስገባት ይኖርባቸዋል፡፡

6. ተቋራጮች ለምዝገባ እና ለቴክኒካል ሰነድ ግዢ የማይመለስ ብር ለደረጃ 1 ብር 7,500 (ሰባትሺ አምስት መቶ ብር ) ፣ ለደረጃ 2 ብር 6,500 ( ስድስት ሺ  አምስት መቶ ብር ) እና ለደረጃ 3 ብር 5,500 አምስት ሺ አምስት መቶ ብር ) ፣ ለደረጃ 4 ብር 5,000 (አምስት ሺ ብር ) ፣ ለደረጃ 5 ብር 4,500 አራት ሺ አምስት ብር ) መክፈል ይጠበቅባቸዋል፡፡

አድራሻ፦በአዲስ አበባ ከተማ አስተዳደር ቂርቆስ ክ/ተማ ወረዳ 01
 
በተለምዶ ባምቢስ አከባቢ ግሪክ ት/ቤት ፊት ለፊት በሚገኘው የአዲስ አበባ ከተማ ቤቶች ልማት ና አስተዳደር ቢሮ ህንፃ ላይ 11ኛ ወለል እንገኛለን።

ነሀሴ 9 ቀን 2018 ዓ/ም

የቤቶች ልማት ኮርፖሬሽን
ኮሙኒኬሽን ዳይሬክቶሬት

@etconp

🏗️ የQuantity Surveying ሙያን በቤትዎ ኦንላይን ይማሩ!

🗂ይህ ኮርስ ለሲቪል እና ኮንስትራክሽን ኢንጂነሮች፣ አርክቴክቶች፣ ተማሪዎች፣ ተቋራጮች እና በ Quantity Surveying መስክ ሙያቸውን ለማሳደግ ለሚፈልጉ ሁሉ ተዘጋጅቷል።

📢በዚህ ኮርስ የሚማሩት

✅ Quantity Surveying መሠረታዊ መርሆች
✅ Quantity Takeoff በሙሉ
✅ Bill of Quantities (BOQ) አዘገጃጀት
✅ Material Quantity Calculation
✅ Cost Estimation እና Cost Control
✅ Rate Analysis
✅ Measurement Standards
✅ የተግባር ምሳሌዎች (Real Project Examples)
✅ ፕሮፌሽናል የQS የስራ ሂደት

🎥 ኮርሱ በቀላል አማርኛ በቪዲዮ እና ዶክመንት ፋይሎች የተዘጋጀ ሲሆን በፈለጉት ጊዜ በስልክ ወይም በኮምፒውተር መማር ይችላሉ።

💰 የኮርሱ ዋጋ: 1,999 ብር ብቻ!

🚀 ዛሬውኑ ይመዝገቡ እና የ Quantity Surveying ክህሎትዎን ወደ ሌላ ደረጃ ያሳድጉ!

⭐️ኮርሱ ለመጀመር👇

https://ye-buna.com/etconp?ref=product_detail&product=6a5e233a9c5e0_etconp

👉የስላብ ብረት (Slab Rebar Work) በሚታሰርበት ወቅት ሊደረጉ የሚገቡ ዋና ዋና ጥንቃቄዎች!

​የስላብ ኮንክሪት ከመሞላቱ በፊት የብረት ማሰር ስራው በህንፃው ጥንካሬ እና ደህንነት ላይ ቀጥተኛ ተፅዕኖ አለው።

🌟በሳይት ላይ የቁጥጥር ስራ ስናደርግ ትኩረት ልንሰጣቸው የሚገቡ ዋና ዋና ነጥቦች፦

​1️⃣ Spacer Blocks (ኮንክሪት ከቨር): ብረቶቹ ከፎርምወርክ (Formwork) እንጨት ጋር እንዳይነካኩ እና ከስር በቂ የኮንክሪት ሽፋን (Concrete Cover) እንዲኖራቸው ኮንክሪት ወይም ፕላስቲክ ስፔሰሮችን መጠቀም።

​2️⃣ Bar Spacing & Overlap (የብረት ርቀት እና ማያያዣ): በዲዛይኑ መሰረት በብረቶች መካከል ያለው ርቀት (Spacing) በትክክል መጠበቁን እና የብረት ማያያዣ (Lap Length) ርዝመት በቂ መሆኑን ማረጋገጥ።

​3️⃣ Binding Wire (የማሰሪያ ቢያንኮ): እያንዳንዱ የብረት መገናኛ (Intersection) በሚገባ በማሰሪያ ቢያንኮ መታሰሩን ማረጋገጥ—ኮንክሪት ሲሞላ ብረቱ ቦታውን እንዳይቀይር።

​4️⃣ Top & Bottom Mesh (የላይኛ እና የታችኛ ብረት): ድብል ሜሽ (Double Mesh) በሚሆንበት ጊዜ በሁለቱ ሜሾች መካከል ያለው ርቀት እንዳይጠበብ ወንበር/ቼር (Chairs) መጠቀም።

​5️⃣ የፅዳት ስራ (Site Cleaning): ኮንክሪት ከመሞላቱ በፊት በፖሊቲን/ፕላስቲክ (Polythene sheet) ላይ ያሉ የዛፍ ቅጠሎች፣ የቢያንኮ ቁራጮች እና አቧራዎች በሚገባ መጽዳት አለባቸው።

🚥​ተመሳሳይ ሙያዊ የሳይት ኢንጂነሪንግ መረጃዎችን ለማግኘት የ YouTube ገጻችንን Subscribe ያድርጉ👇

https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG

@etconp