👉Point Should be know every Site Engineer.
There are some general points to remember for every site engineer to make easier work at site.
Lapping is not allowed for the 36 mm diameters bars or more.
Maximum spacing for chair per 1 No per 1m2.
Chairs minimum of 12 mm dia bars to be used.
For dowels rod minimum of 12 mm diameter should be used.
Minimum bars for square column is 4 Number and 6 Number for circular column.
Main or distribution bars in the slabs shall not be less than 8 mm.
Minimum thickness of slab is 125 mm.
Dimension tolerance for cubes is +- 2 mm.
Free fall of concrete is allowed maximum to 1m height.
Lap slices not be used for bar larger than 36 mm.
Water absorption of clay bricks should not be more than 15 %.
PH value of the water should not be less than 6 for concreting.
Compressive strength of clay Bricks is 3.5 N / mm2.
For steel reinforcement binding wire required is 8 kg per MT.
Density of Clay bricks is 1600 – 1920 kg/m3
Concrete blocks density is 1920 kg/m3.
Reinforcement concrete Density is 2350 kg/m3.
@etconp
There are some general points to remember for every site engineer to make easier work at site.
Lapping is not allowed for the 36 mm diameters bars or more.
Maximum spacing for chair per 1 No per 1m2.
Chairs minimum of 12 mm dia bars to be used.
For dowels rod minimum of 12 mm diameter should be used.
Minimum bars for square column is 4 Number and 6 Number for circular column.
Main or distribution bars in the slabs shall not be less than 8 mm.
Minimum thickness of slab is 125 mm.
Dimension tolerance for cubes is +- 2 mm.
Free fall of concrete is allowed maximum to 1m height.
Lap slices not be used for bar larger than 36 mm.
Water absorption of clay bricks should not be more than 15 %.
PH value of the water should not be less than 6 for concreting.
Compressive strength of clay Bricks is 3.5 N / mm2.
For steel reinforcement binding wire required is 8 kg per MT.
Density of Clay bricks is 1600 – 1920 kg/m3
Concrete blocks density is 1920 kg/m3.
Reinforcement concrete Density is 2350 kg/m3.
@etconp
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👉በ ውስጥ መስመር በጠየቃቹን መሠረትከ ኮንስትራክሽን ሕግ እና ውሎች ጋር የተያያዙ PDF ተጠቀሙበት ብለናለ👇👇👇
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🌟በዚህ አገጣሚ የምትፈልጉት ፋይል ካለ @COTMp ፃፉልን።
Basic Contract Administration.pdf
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👉 What is Fidic Rainbow?
👉 Why FIDIC Books are well known and recognized forms of contract and what is the Contract Documents Book by Book
@etconp
👉 Why FIDIC Books are well known and recognized forms of contract and what is the Contract Documents Book by Book
@etconp
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👉በሀገረ ሶርያ ከቆሻሻና ካገለገሉ የፕላስቲክ ቁሶች የሚሰሩ ምንጣፎች
🌟በሰሜን ምዕራብ ሶርያ የሚኖሩ ነዋሪዎች ያገለገሉ የፕላስቲክ ውጤቶችን እንደገና ጥቅም ላይ በማዋል የተለያዩ ውበት ያላቸው የወለል ምንጣፎችና ሌሎች ዕቃዎችን ያመርታሉ።
🚧የ39 ዓመት ዕድሜ ያለው ሞሐመድ ቢላል የሰሜን ምዕራብ ሶርያ ነዋሪ ሲሆን ከቆሻሻ መጣያ ውስጥ እንደገና ጥቅም ላይ የሚውሉ ፕላስቲኮችን በመሰብሰብ ምንጣፎችን ለሚያመርቱ ፋብሪካዎች ያስረክባል፡፡ በሳምንት ከ7 እስከ 10 የአሜሪካ ዶላር ያገኛል።
🚧የምንጣፍ ፋብሪካው ባለቤት ካሊድ ራሹ ፤ቢላል እና መሰሎቹ የሚሰበስቡትን ቆሻሻ ፕላስቲክ ቁሳቁሶች በመግዛት በየፈርጁ በመለየት በማቅለጥ የተለያዩ ቅርጽ ያላቸውን ምንጣፎች ይሰራል፡፡
🚧በፋብሪካው ውስጥ "ከ30 በላይ ሠራተኞች አሉን" ያለው ካሊድ ራሹ ብዙዎች ሥራ አጥ በሆኑበት በዚህ አካባቢ ስራ መፍጠር ትልቅ ቦታ አለው ብሏል።
🚧የ30 ዓመቱ የሱቅ ባለቤት የሆነው መሐመድ አልቃሴም በካሊድ ራሹ ፋብሪካ የሚሰሩ ምንጣፎችን ከሚሸጡ ሰዎች መካከል አንዱ ነው።
🚧ምንጣፉ ከ5 እስከ 15 የአሜሪካ ዶላር የሚያወጣ ሲሆን ባሕላዊ ምንጣፎች ደግሞ 100 የአሜሪካ ዶላር ገደማ ዋጋ እንዳላቸው መሃመድ ገልጿል።
🚧ምንጣፎቹ ሙቀት የማይስቡ በመሆናቸው በሙቀት ወቅት ተፈላጊነታቸው እንደሚጨምር እና ዋጋቸውም ተመጣጣኝ መሆኑን መሃመድ ለአልጀዚራ ተናግሯል።
@etconp
🌟በሰሜን ምዕራብ ሶርያ የሚኖሩ ነዋሪዎች ያገለገሉ የፕላስቲክ ውጤቶችን እንደገና ጥቅም ላይ በማዋል የተለያዩ ውበት ያላቸው የወለል ምንጣፎችና ሌሎች ዕቃዎችን ያመርታሉ።
🚧የ39 ዓመት ዕድሜ ያለው ሞሐመድ ቢላል የሰሜን ምዕራብ ሶርያ ነዋሪ ሲሆን ከቆሻሻ መጣያ ውስጥ እንደገና ጥቅም ላይ የሚውሉ ፕላስቲኮችን በመሰብሰብ ምንጣፎችን ለሚያመርቱ ፋብሪካዎች ያስረክባል፡፡ በሳምንት ከ7 እስከ 10 የአሜሪካ ዶላር ያገኛል።
🚧የምንጣፍ ፋብሪካው ባለቤት ካሊድ ራሹ ፤ቢላል እና መሰሎቹ የሚሰበስቡትን ቆሻሻ ፕላስቲክ ቁሳቁሶች በመግዛት በየፈርጁ በመለየት በማቅለጥ የተለያዩ ቅርጽ ያላቸውን ምንጣፎች ይሰራል፡፡
🚧በፋብሪካው ውስጥ "ከ30 በላይ ሠራተኞች አሉን" ያለው ካሊድ ራሹ ብዙዎች ሥራ አጥ በሆኑበት በዚህ አካባቢ ስራ መፍጠር ትልቅ ቦታ አለው ብሏል።
🚧የ30 ዓመቱ የሱቅ ባለቤት የሆነው መሐመድ አልቃሴም በካሊድ ራሹ ፋብሪካ የሚሰሩ ምንጣፎችን ከሚሸጡ ሰዎች መካከል አንዱ ነው።
🚧ምንጣፉ ከ5 እስከ 15 የአሜሪካ ዶላር የሚያወጣ ሲሆን ባሕላዊ ምንጣፎች ደግሞ 100 የአሜሪካ ዶላር ገደማ ዋጋ እንዳላቸው መሃመድ ገልጿል።
🚧ምንጣፎቹ ሙቀት የማይስቡ በመሆናቸው በሙቀት ወቅት ተፈላጊነታቸው እንደሚጨምር እና ዋጋቸውም ተመጣጣኝ መሆኑን መሃመድ ለአልጀዚራ ተናግሯል።
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Punching shear is a phenomenon that occurs in reinforced concrete slabs or footings when there is a concentrated load or reaction near a column or support, causing a shear failure. It typically happens when the load exceeds the capacity of the concrete to resist the shear forces, resulting in a failure mechanism resembling a cone-shaped "punching" through the slab.
****To prevent punching shear in current buildings or during the design stage, the following measures can be taken:
+ Adequate slab thickness: Design the slab with sufficient thickness to resist the anticipated punching shear forces. The required thickness can be determined based on structural analysis and design codes.
Part 1
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****To prevent punching shear in current buildings or during the design stage, the following measures can be taken:
+ Adequate slab thickness: Design the slab with sufficient thickness to resist the anticipated punching shear forces. The required thickness can be determined based on structural analysis and design codes.
Part 1
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Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/etconp/
Twitter:- https://twitter.com/etconpc?s=21&t=_pdndPJF1qt6WZkNGOtqCg
YouTube:- https://youtube.com/@Etconp432
Instagram:- https://instagram.com/etconp?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=
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Ethio Construction Engineering
Punching shear is a phenomenon that occurs in reinforced concrete slabs or footings when there is a concentrated load or reaction near a column or support, causing a shear failure. It typically happens when the load exceeds the capacity of the concrete to…
PART 2
+ Reinforcement: Properly design and detail the reinforcement layout in the critical areas around the columns or supports. This typically involves using shear reinforcement such as shear studs, stirrups, or shear reinforcement bars to enhance the shear resistance of the concrete slab.
+ Column capital or drop panel: Introduce a column capital or a drop panel at the column location to increase the stiffness and load-carrying capacity of the slab in the punching shear zone. This is achieved by thickening the slab locally around the column.
+ Post-tensioning: Implement post-tensioning in the slab to increase its overall strength and enhance its resistance against punching shear. Post-tensioning involves introducing high-strength steel tendons that are tensioned after the concrete has hardened.
+ Limiting the applied loads: Control the applied loads or reactions near the columns or supports to prevent excessive shear forces. This can be achieved through proper distribution of loads, use of load-bearing walls, or employing transfer structures.
+ Using punching shear reinforcement software: Utilize specialized software that can analyze and design the reinforcement requirements for punching shear. These software programs consider various factors such as slab thickness, column size, applied loads, and design codes to provide optimized reinforcement layouts.
****For existing buildings, here are some ways to improve punching shear resistance:
+Strengthen the slab using techniques like adding reinforcement or external bonding.
+Make localized modifications, such as adding shear reinforcement or increasing slab thickness.
+Redistribute loads to minimize punching shear forces.
+Monitor and maintain the structure to address any signs of distress or deterioration.
@etconp
Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/etconp/
Twitter:- https://twitter.com/etconpc?s=21&t=_pdndPJF1qt6WZkNGOtqCg
YouTube:- https://youtube.com/@Etconp432
Instagram:- https://instagram.com/etconp?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=
+ Reinforcement: Properly design and detail the reinforcement layout in the critical areas around the columns or supports. This typically involves using shear reinforcement such as shear studs, stirrups, or shear reinforcement bars to enhance the shear resistance of the concrete slab.
+ Column capital or drop panel: Introduce a column capital or a drop panel at the column location to increase the stiffness and load-carrying capacity of the slab in the punching shear zone. This is achieved by thickening the slab locally around the column.
+ Post-tensioning: Implement post-tensioning in the slab to increase its overall strength and enhance its resistance against punching shear. Post-tensioning involves introducing high-strength steel tendons that are tensioned after the concrete has hardened.
+ Limiting the applied loads: Control the applied loads or reactions near the columns or supports to prevent excessive shear forces. This can be achieved through proper distribution of loads, use of load-bearing walls, or employing transfer structures.
+ Using punching shear reinforcement software: Utilize specialized software that can analyze and design the reinforcement requirements for punching shear. These software programs consider various factors such as slab thickness, column size, applied loads, and design codes to provide optimized reinforcement layouts.
****For existing buildings, here are some ways to improve punching shear resistance:
+Strengthen the slab using techniques like adding reinforcement or external bonding.
+Make localized modifications, such as adding shear reinforcement or increasing slab thickness.
+Redistribute loads to minimize punching shear forces.
+Monitor and maintain the structure to address any signs of distress or deterioration.
@etconp
Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/etconp/
Twitter:- https://twitter.com/etconpc?s=21&t=_pdndPJF1qt6WZkNGOtqCg
YouTube:- https://youtube.com/@Etconp432
Instagram:- https://instagram.com/etconp?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=
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