👉በምስራቃዊ ሱዳን የውሀ ግድብ ተደርምሶ ከ30 በላይ ሰዎች ሞቱ

ከፖርት ሱዳን 40 ኪሎሜትር ርቀት ላይ በሚገኝው 25 ሚሊየን ኪዩቢክ ሜትር ውሀ የመያዝ አቅም ባለው አራባት ግድብ አካባቢ የጣለ ከፍተኛ ዝናብ ግድቡ እንዲደረመስ ምክንያት መሆኑን ሮይተርስ ዘግቧል፡፡

16 ወራትን ባስቆጠረ በጦርነት ውስጥ የምትገኝው ሱዳን ጦርነቱ በመሰረተ ልማቶቿ ላይ ካደረሰው ጉዳት ባለፈ በጥገና እና ማሻሻያ እጥረት የተለያዩ መሰረተ ልማቶች ከፍተኛ ጉዳት ላይ እንደሚገኙ ተነግሯል፡፡

በትላንትናው እለት በደረሰው አደጋ ሮይተርስ የሟቾች ቁጥር 30 መሆኑን ሲዘግብ ቢቢሲ 60 መሻገሩን አስነብቧል፤ በተጨማሪም 50 ሺ ሰዎች ይኖሩባቸው የነበሩ መኖሪያቤቶች በጎርፉ ጉዳት ደርሶባቸዋል፡፡ 

በአሁኑ ወቅት በ20 መንደሮች ላይ ጉዳት አድርሷል በተባለው አደጋ ከሞቱት ሰዎች በተጨማሪ ከ150-200 የሚደርሱ ሰዎች የደረሱበት አልታወቀም ተብሏል፡፡ 

በአካባቢው የነፍስ አድን ስራዎች በመከናወን ላይ የሚገኝ ሲሆን የተባበሩት መንግስታት ድርጅት የአካባቢውን ባለስልጣናት ጠቅሶ ባወጣው መረጃ የአደጋው የጉዳት መጠን የታወቀው በግድቡ ምእራብ በኩል በሚገኙ አካባቢዎች ብቻ መሆኑን ገልጾ የግድቡ የምስራቅ አካባቢ በከፍተኛ ውሀ በመሸፈኑ ያደረሰውን ጉዳት ማወቅ አልተቻለም፡፡

አራባት ግድብ የፖርት ሱዳን ዋነኛ የውሀ ምንጭ ሲሆን የሀገሪቱ ዋነኛ የቀይ ባህር ወደብ የሚገኝበት እና በርካታ የእርዳታ ቁሳቁሶች የሚተላለፉበት አካባቢ እንደነበር ታውቋል፡፡

በዚህ የተነሳም ፖርት ሱዳንን ጨምሮ በአካባቢው የሚገኙ ከተሞች በመጪዎቹ ቀናት ከፍተኛ የመጠጥ ውሀ እጥረት እንደሚያጋጥማቸው ተመላክቷል፡፡

@etconp

👉PROBLEMS AND ISSUES  OF PRICE ADJUSTMENT

🚧1. If the contractor fails to complete the Works within the time of completion, it is then necessary to analyses the reason behind the delay in completion of the work.

If the delay is attributed to the Employer, the Contractor is to be paid Price Adjustment as per the provisions of Contract. However, if the delay is attributed due to the reason of the Contractor, then the Employer has the option to pay Price Adjustment using indices or prices that exist at the time of prescribed completion date or use current indices or prices whichever is less after calculation.

🚧2. During the Work Period the Contractor may have tendency to initially complete only those items that fetch him high returns but does not follow the Work Plan, in such case, the Entity should be vigilant enough to restrict the Contractor from doing so. Attempt should be made to tie up Price Adjustment payment with the Work Plan.

🚧3. In exceptional cases, some Entities have a notion to treat payment on Price Adjustment in the form of a “Variation Order” and seek approval from higher authority accordingly for payment.

🏷Price Adjustment is accommodated in the Contract under a separate provision other than Variation.

▶️Price Adjustments falls under an “Express Terms” in the Contract and in carrying out such provisions no separate approval is necessary.

⏺It is paid as expressed by the Contract and in doing so the procuring Entity has a full authority to do so.

⭐️POSSIBILITY OF MISUSE:

🔰To avoid possibilities of any misuse of Price Adjustment concept following facts are to be noted by the Entity.

- For period of delay in which the contractor is responsible, the Employer is entitled to provide adjustment on a lower side (either at the time of completion as prescribed in the contract or as per actual completion of contract).
-  No price adjustment shall be payable on the portion of the Contract Price paid as advance payment.
-  Use correction factor when payment is made in different currency
-  Avoid distortions due to periodic exchange rates
-  Avoid risk for countries where there is high increasing fluctuation in prices
-  Selection of fixed and variable portion in Adjustment Formula
-  Availability and application of current indices
-  Use of correction factor when payment is made in different currencies.

🎲CONCLUSION:

🌟The provision of Price Adjustment in the Contract is provided with an intention to take care of fluctuations of prices of materials, equipment and labor in the market.

▶️The bid price of any Contract depends on how the adjustment provisions are applied in it.

⏺If the adjustment price applies from the day the Contract is signed, the bid price is expected to be reasonably low and more economical to carry out the works. If the adjustment is provisioned to apply after a certain period, the Bidder is expected to consider future escalations and to bid accordingly, thus resulting in an inflated bid price.

⏺It is generally recommended to apply adjustment provisions the day after the Contract is signed in order to get economical bid.

@etconp

👉Types of Areas in Building Design

🚧When it comes to building design, understanding the different types of areas is crucial.

⏺Each type serves a unique purpose and has specific implications for construction, real estate, and space planning. Here's a quick breakdown:

🏷Gross Floor Area (GFA)

⏺What is it? The total area within the building's outer walls.
Why it matters: Essential for zoning compliance and assessing the building's overall size.

🏷Net Floor Area (NFA) 📏

⏺What is it? Usable area inside the building, excluding walls and structural elements.

▶️Why it matters: Key for interior space planning and designing functional layouts.

🏷Carpet Area 🛋

⏺What is it? The actual usable area within the walls, minus the thickness of walls.

▶️Why it matters: It is critical for home buyers, as it defines a livable space.

🏷Built-up Area

⏺What is it? Carpet area plus the thickness of walls and balconies.

▶️Why it matters: Provides a complete picture of the space, including structural elements.

🏷Common Area

▶️What is it? Shared spaces like lobbies, corridors, and amenities.

⏺Why it matters: It is important to understand shared costs and tenant contributions

Via Engineering Zone

@etconp

#ETHIOPIA #GERD 🇪🇹

የታላቁ የሕዳሴ ግድብ መስሪያ ቤት ምን አለ ?

(ለፈረንሳይ ዜና አገልግሎት / አጃንስ ፍራንስ ፕሬስ የሰጠው ቃል)

- በቅርቡ 2 የግድቡ ተጨማሪ ተርባይኖች አገልግሎት በመጀመራቸው ከግድቡ የሚመረተው የኤሌክትሪክ ኃይል መጠን ወደ 1 ሺሕ 550 ሜጋዋት ከፍ ብሏል።

- ከዚሕ ቀደም ብሎ ሥራ የጀመሩ ሁለት ተርባይኖች እያንዳዳቸዉ 375 ሜጋዋት የኤሌክትሪክ ኃይል ያመነጫሉ።

- ከሰሞኑን የተመረቁት ሁለት ተጨማሪ ተርባይኖች እያንዳዳቸዉ 400 ሜጋዋት ኃይል ያመነጫሉ።

- ሙሉ በሙሉ አገልግሎት መስጠት ሲጀምር ከ5 ሺሕ ሜጋዋት በላይ የኤሌክትሪክ ኃይል ያመነጫል።

- የግድቡ ግንባታ አሁን ወደ መጠናቀቁ ነው።

መላው የኢትዮጵያ ህዝብ ከፍተኛ ዋጋ የከፈለበት እና ብዙ ቢሊዮን ዶላር ያፈሰሰበት ግድብ ከአፍሪቃ ትልቁ የኃይል ማመነጫ ነው።

ቪድዮ ፦ PM OFFICE

#Ethiopia #AFP

@etconp

ታምራት  ፕሌት እና ጄቦልት አቅራቢ

📌ፕሌትና ጄቦልት በፈለጉት አይነት የተዘጋጀ አለን

✂️ላሜራ መቁረጫ መብሻና  ማጠፊያ ማሽኖች አሉን

🔗ፌሮ (ቶንዲኖ) ጥርስ እናበጃለን እንዲሁም እናጥፋለን

📐ማንኛዉንም የሞደፊክ ስራዎችን እንሰራለን

📍ኢትዮጵያ ዉስጥ የትም እንልክሎታለን

አድራሻችን፦ ቁ.1 አዉቶብስ ተራ(መሳለሚያ)
                    ቁ.2 መርካቶ
                    ቁ.3 ተክለሀይማኖት

0904040477
0911016833

👉𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕 𝑻𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔 - 𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆𝒔 & 𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔

🚧𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐓𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐬

⏺Any 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐎𝐫 𝐓𝐞𝐫𝐦 forms part of contract, provide 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐎𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 lead to 𝐋𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐟 𝐁𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐝

▶️𝐁𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐁𝐲 𝐋𝐚𝐰 to meet a set of minimum obligations, that's why groups involved go back & forth during negotiations on clauses & terms until both are satisfied

⏺Terms protect parties' best interests, establishing deadlines, fees & compensation

▶️𝐔𝐧𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐓𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐬 𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐎𝐧 𝐁𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐑𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩𝐬

•Cause significant imbalance in parties’ rights & obligations arising under contract
•it's not reasonably necessary to protect legitimate interests of party who would be advantaged by term
•Cause detriment to a party if it were applied or relied on

🚧𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐓𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐬 𝐓𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐬

1)𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Acting party will be in contract breach, entitling counterparty to terminate contract & claim damages

2)𝐖𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬
Acting party can claim damages if counterparty breaches contract However, won't be able to terminate agreement

3)𝐈𝐧𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞
Action available to acting party will depend on how severe the violation is

🏷𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐓𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐬

1)𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲
Standard practice that both parties keep sensitive information about their agreement confidential

2)𝐓𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Lays out in which circumstances a party can terminate agreement

3)𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐣𝐞𝐮𝐫𝐞
Circumstances beyond anyone's control, protect party from being in contract breach in event of unforeseeable disruption

4)𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐩𝐮𝐭𝐞
Clarify plan for any dispute resolution arise

5)𝐃𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐬
If either party breach contract, damages awarded to innocent party or they are entitled to compensation

⭐️𝐃𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐁𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐓𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐬 & 𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐬

⏺Clauses are what a contract is composed of blocks of text within an agreement that address & explain each contract part for parties in more detail

⏺Terms are there to protect parties' best interests, establishing remedies available to either party in case of contract breach

💫𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐓𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐬 & 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐓𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐬

▶️Express terms specifically mentioned & agreed upon by contracting parties at negotiation stage, can either be in writing or agreed upon orally

▶️Implied terms are set of default rules for contracts on points that are essentially "silent", quietly operate in background & can override expressed terms

•𝐓𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐬 𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐁𝐲 𝐂𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐭

▶️Items that court assume were intended to be in contract regardless, whether they are physically present

•𝐓𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐬 𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐁𝐲 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐭𝐞

▶️With contracts involve sale of goods or supply of service, basic provisions are implied by statute to give purchaser greater protection.

@etconp

👉ዊዝ ሆልዲንግ ታክስ

➡️ዊዝ ሆልዲንግ ታክስ ማለት ከሚከፈሉ ክፍያዎች ላይ ወይም አንድ የ ኮንስትራክሽን ኮንትራክተር ለ እያንዳንዱ ለሰራው ስራ ክፍያ ሲከፈልበት ድርጅቱ ግብርን ቀንሶ በማስቀረትና ለመንግስት የሚከፈል የግብር አይነት ነው።

🚧ይህም ከሚፈጽሙት ጠቅላላ ክፍያ ላይ 2% ግብርን ተቀንሶ የሚቀር ነው።

🚧ዊዝሆልዲንግ ታክስ ከ10,000 ብር በላይ በሆነ እቃ ግዢ ላይ እና ከ3,000 ብር በላይ የአገልግሎት ክፍያ ላይ የሚቆረጥና ለመንግስት የሚከፈል የታክስ አይነት ነው።

#PaymentCertificate

@etconp