👉The PDCA cycle in construction

💫The PDCA cycle (Plan-Do-Check-Act) plays a pivotal role in construction project management.

🚧This method ensures continuous improvement, enhances quality control, mitigates risks, and optimizes resource allocation.

🏷By systematically planning tasks, executing them, monitoring progress, and making necessary adjustments, project goals are achieved efficiently.

Via Yonatan Tadesse PMP®

@etconp

👉Load distribution in construction

⭐️A general building consists of basic structural elements such as slabs, beams, columns, and footings.

These structural components, which are similar to bones in the human body, are enveloped by cosmetic elements like wall cladding, flooring, ceilings, and plastering.

🏷Slabs: Slabs serve as floors or roofs by carrying the loads imposed on them.

🏷Beams: Beams carry the loads transferred from slabs and walls.

🏷Columns: Columns carry the loads transferred from beams and transmit them to the footings.

🏷Footings: Footings distribute the loads from the columns into the soil.

@etconp

👉Understanding FIDIC

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@etconp

👉Understanding FIDIC Sub-Clause 20.1: Claims

🏷When dealing with FIDIC contracts, one of the most critical clauses to be aware of is Sub-Clause 20.1. It outlines the process that contractors must follow when submitting claims for time extensions or additional payments.

💫What to be aware of?

- Notice Period: The Contractor must notify the Engineer within 28 days of becoming aware of the relevant event or circumstance. If the contractor fails to submit the notice within this timeframe, the claim can be completely lost—this acts as a condition precedent to recovery.

- Supporting Documents: After the initial notice, Contractor have 42 days to provide a fully particularized claim, including all supporting documents and contemporary records.

The Engineer’s Role: Once the claim is submitted, the Engineer is required to respond within 42 days. The Engineer’s assessment plays a key role in determining whether the claim will be recognized.

⭐️How important is it to comply?

Sub-Clause 20.1 is intended to ensure that claims are raised and addressed during the course of the project. Missing the notice deadline could lead to the employer having a complete defense against the claim, no matter how legitimate the contractor’s grievance may be. The strict timeframes imposed by the clause serve to promote real-time dispute resolution, avoiding surprises after the project’s completion.

❇️Common Law vs. Civil Law Approach

In common law jurisdictions, the courts tend to uphold time bars if the contract clearly specifies the consequences of missing deadlines. For example, UK courts, in cases like Multiplex Construction v. Honeywell, have confirmed that timely notice helps investigate delays while they are still current.

However, in civil law countries, like the UAE, courts may take a more lenient approach. They may consider factors such as good faith or unjust enrichment, potentially allowing claims even when time bars are missed—particularly if enforcing the time bar would lead to unfair consequences.

🌟Lessons for Contractors

Be Diligent with Notices: Always submit notices within the required 28-day period, even if you’re unsure about the full scope of the claim at the end of the day it is called a notice.

Maintain Clear Records: Keep detailed and contemporary records to back up your claims, and ensure that your notices explicitly state that they are submitted under Sub-Clause 20.1 to avoid confusion.

@etconp

👉Types of construction Contracts 👇

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@etconp

👉𝑹𝒊𝒔𝒌𝒔 & 𝑹𝒆𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒔 𝒐𝒇 8 𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒔

🏷As construction projects vary in terms of scope, delivery, schedule, budget & parties involved, there isn’t one-size-fits-all approach to contracts between owners & contractors

💫𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐓𝐲𝐩𝐞 𝐈𝐬 𝐁𝐞𝐬𝐭?

It depends, type of contract you & owner agree to use will vary based on job requirements & owner needs Using right contract for right kind of project is critical to make sure you stay profitable & protect your company's best interest

•Well-defined scope=lump sum
•Transparent/open book=cost+
•Unclear scope=T&M
•Repeated work with undefined volume of scope=unit price
•Fixed budget presented by owners=GMP
•Other 3 are less common & used in specific situations

🚧𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝐓𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐬

⭐️𝐋𝐮𝐦𝐩 𝐒𝐮𝐦 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭

Fixed price contract is straightforward, establish fixed fee paid for all materials & labor to complete project, place more risk on contractor as it depends on accurate estimate & clear SOW on what is & isn’t included

⭐️𝐆𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐌𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐦 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭 (𝐆𝐌𝐏)

Similar to lump sum, but owner can benefit from cost saving if final cost is under budget & any cost come up exceeding max amount is contractor responsibility
You act as construction manager at risk (CMAR) who must diligently oversee project to ensure actual cost not exceeding budget

⭐️𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐭-𝐏𝐥𝐮𝐬 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭

Reimburse for all costs+markup during construction. Isn't blank check, typically require estimate at project start so owner knows what to expect

⭐️𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞 & 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐬 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭(𝐓&𝐌)

Owner reimburse for agreed-upon price for time & materials+profit margin, allowing for flexibility in cost of materials & labor rates

⭐️𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐭 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭

Owner pay based on agreed-upon rate/unit for labor, materials, supplies, overhead cost & profit where volume of units needed is unknown & it provides transparency of costs for additional labor & material

⭐️𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧-𝐁𝐮𝐢𝐥𝐝 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭

Instead of addressing design & construction as two separate processes, design-build contract addresses both sides simultaneously speeding up process but can lead to higher cost eliminating competitive bidding phase.

⭐️𝐈𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭

Provide incentive if project delivered by certain date & under agreed-upon cost, help create collaborative process but require more negotiations to determine incentives & milestones.

⭐️𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐃𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭(𝐈𝐏𝐃)

Relatively new to construction industry, multi-party agreement between owner, designer & builder, all stakeholders agree to lump sum profit if project meets its designated financial outcomes spread out risk & rewards, popular for those who want to embrace collaboration

@etconp

👉Causes Of Segregation on Concrete

1.) Insufficient compaction to
concrete.
2.) Less cover to reinforcement
bars.
3.) Improper Workability in
concrete
4.) Concrete already set before
placing .
5.) High concrete free fall while
pouring
6.) Form work not watertight/
rigid.
7.) More coarse aggrgegates
than designed mix
proportions and over sized
aggregates.
8.) Improper placement of bars
at column and beam
junction.
9.) Addition of more water than
designed at site for
achieving workability.

10.) Steel congestion not
allowing concrete flow to
all corner.

🏷 ለሌሎችም ተያያዥ ስራ ላላቸው ባልደረቦቻችሁ አጋሩ!

⭐️ተጨማሪ ይጠቅማል የምትሉት👇
መልዕክቶን ለእኛ ለማጋራት

ቴሌግራም ላይ ከስር ባለው ሊንክ:
በ t.me/ETCONpBOT
ሀሳባችሁን ብትልኩልን፣ ይደርሰናል!
እኛም ገምግመን መልሰን እናደርሳለን

@etconp

👉Slab Leak 👇

@etconp

👉A slab leak refers to a water leak that occurs beneath a concrete slab foundation. These leaks can lead to significant damage if not addressed promptly.

🏷Here are some common reasons for slab leaks, along with descriptions:

💫1. Corrosion of Pipes

- Description: Over time, the pipes (often made of copper) beneath the slab can corrode due to various factors, including water quality (high levels of acidity or alkalinity), chemical reactions, and age. Corrosion weakens the pipes, leading to leaks.

- Causes: This is often exacerbated by the electrolytic action that occurs when different metals are in contact with water.

💫2. Earth Movement

- Description: Shifts in the ground beneath a building can create pressure on the pipes under the slab.
This movement can be due to factors such as settling, soil erosion, or seismic activity.

- Causes: Variations in moisture content in the soil can lead to expansion and contraction, causing the ground to settle unevenly.

💫3. Improper Installation

- Description: If the plumbing pipes were not installed correctly, they may be prone to damage or leaks.
This includes improper joints, inadequate supports, or insufficient protective measures.

- Causes: Poor workmanship or lack of adherence to plumbing codes during construction can lead to long-term issues.

💫4. High Water Pressure

- Description: Excessively high water pressure in the plumbing system can stress the pipes and lead to leaks. It can also cause joints to loosen over time, increasing the risk of leaks.

- Causes: High water pressure may result from municipal supply issues or problems with pressure-reducing valves.

💫5. Temperature Changes

- Description: Fluctuations in temperature can cause pipes to expand and contract. This constant movement can weaken the joints and fittings over time, leading to leaks.

- Causes: Seasonal changes or hot water running through cold pipes can cause significant temperature variations.

💫6. Poor Drainage

- Description: If drainage systems are inadequate or functioning poorly, water can pool around the foundation, increasing pressure on the pipes beneath the slab and leading to leaks.

- Causes: Clogged drains, improperly graded landscapes, or damaged gutters can all contribute to drainage issues.

💫7. Tree Roots

- Description: The infiltration of tree roots into plumbing systems can cause pipes to crack or break. Roots may seek out moisture and can grow into and around pipes, leading to leaks.

- Causes: Trees that are too close to the building’s foundation or plumbing systems can inflict structural damage.

💫8. Wear and Tear

- Description: Over time, pipes can simply wear out. The natural aging process can lead to cracks and weakness in the plumbing.

- Causes: Long-term use, along with exposure to various environmental stresses, can lead to pipe deterioration.

💫9. Chemical Reactions

- Description: Certain chemicals found in soils, or chemical reactions between different types of pipe materials, can lead to corrosion or deterioration of pipes.

- Causes: Soil composition, exposure to corrosive chemicals, and improper installation materials can all contribute.

📜Conclusion

⏺Detecting a slab leak early is crucial to prevent extensive damage to the foundation and the structure of a building. Signs of a slab leak may include unexplained increases in water bills, the sound of running water in the walls, damp or moldy spots on floors or walls, and hot spots on the floor in cases of hot water line leaks. If a slab leak is suspected, it's important to consult a professional plumber for evaluation and repair.

@etconp

👉The difference between footing and foundation

🏷Footings and foundations are both essential components of a building's structural system, but they serve different purposes and have distinct characteristics.

⏺Here’s a breakdown of their differences:

🌟1. Definition:

▶️Footing: A footing is a specific part of the foundation that directly supports the weight of the structure.
It is typically a concrete slab or a series of concrete blocks that distribute the load over a larger area to prevent settling.

▶️Foundation: The foundation is the entire system that supports a building, including footings, walls, and any other structural elements below ground level. It transfers the load of the building to the soil.

🌟. Function:

⏺Footing: Its primary function is to provide stability by spreading the weight of the structure over a larger area, reducing pressure on the soil beneath.

⏺Foundation: It serves to anchor the building to the ground, resist lateral forces (like wind and earthquakes), and prevent moisture from entering the structure.

🌟3. Location:

⏺Footing: Footings are located at the base of walls or columns, usually below the frost line in colder climates.

⏺Foundation: The foundation encompasses all elements below ground level, including footings, foundation walls, and any other structural components.

🌟4. Types:

⏺• Footing: Common types include spread footings, strip footings, and pad footings.

⏺Foundation: Types of foundations include shallow foundations (like spread footings) and deep foundations (like piles or drilled shafts).

🌟5. Construction Material:

⏺Both footings and foundations are typically made of concrete, but the specific design and reinforcement may vary based on their functions and loads.

📜Summary

In essence, the footing is a component of the foundation system, specifically designed to support and distribute loads from the structure above. The foundation as a whole includes all components that provide stability and support for a building.

Via Eagleng

@etconp

👉Tallest RCC dam in the world!

🏷The project is the natural extension of the biggest complex along the Gilgel Gibe River with the two other hydroelectric dams, Gibe I (completed and operational since 2004) and Gibe II (operational since 2010).

💫The works involved a RCC dam 250 m high, with a crest length of 630 m and a total volume of 6,214,000 m³ of concrete.

⭐️Located 450 km south west of the capital of #Ethiopia, the #hydroelectric plant boosts the national energy production by 85%, meeting the growing demand for energy within the country and enabling the development of integrated export networks to neighboring countries.

@etconp