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๐Ÿ”จ World Construction Engineering
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๐Ÿ‘‰แ‹จแ‹แŒญ แŠ แŒˆแˆญ แˆˆแŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆžแ‹ซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ

๐Ÿ’ซแ‰ แˆ€แŒˆแˆซแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แ‹˜แˆญแ แˆˆแˆ˜แˆฐแˆ›แˆซแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฝแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แแ‰ƒแ‹ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ซแŒˆแŠ™ แ‹จแ‹ตแŒ‹แ แ‹ฐแ‰ฅแ‹ณแ‰ค แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแŒˆแŠ™แ‰ แ‰ตแŠ• แˆแŠ”แ‰ณ แˆˆแˆ˜แ‹ˆแˆฐแŠ• แ‰ แ‹ˆแŒฃแ‹ แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆชแ‹ซ แ‰แŒฅแˆญ 29/2012 แ‹“.แˆ แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต แŠ แŒˆแˆแŒแˆŽแ‰ฑแŠ• แ‰ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแˆญ แˆฒแˆฐแŒฅ แ‰†แ‹ญแ‰ทแˆแกแก

๐Ÿšงแ‹จแ‹ตแŒ‹แ แ‹ฐแ‰ฅแ‹ณแ‰ค แŠ แˆฐแŒฃแŒฅ แŠ แŒˆแˆแŒแˆŽแ‰ต แ‰€แˆแŒฃแ‹แŠ“ แ‹จแ‰ฐแŒˆแˆแŒ‹แ‹ฉแŠ• แแˆ‹แŒŽแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆจแŠซ แ‹ญแˆ†แŠ• แ‹˜แŠ•แ‹ต แ‰ แ‰ดแŠญแŠ–แˆŽแŒ‚ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‰ณแŒˆแ‹ แˆˆแˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แŒฅแˆจแ‰ต แˆฒแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ แ‰†แ‹ญแ‰ทแˆ แกแก

๐Ÿทแ‰ แ‹šแˆ แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต แ‹จแŠ แŒˆแˆแŒแˆŽแ‰ต แŠ แˆฐแŒฃแŒกแŠ• แŠจแŒฅแ‰…แˆแ‰ต 1 แ‰€แŠ•2017แ‹“.แˆ แŒ€แˆแˆฎ แ‰ฃแˆ‰แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ฉแ‰ฝ แŠซแˆ‰แ‰ แ‰ต แ‰ฆแ‰ณ แˆ†แАแ‹ แ‰  online แŠ แŒˆแˆแŒแˆŽแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแŒˆแŠ™แ‰ แ‰ต  แˆแŠ”แ‰ณ แˆตแˆˆแ‰ฐแˆ˜แ‰ปแ‰ธ แŠ แŒˆแˆแŒแˆŽแ‰ฑแŠ• แ‹จแˆแ‰ตแˆแˆแŒ‰ แ‰  www.Eservice.gov.et แˆ›แŒแŠแ‰ต แ‹จแˆแ‰ตแ‰ฝแˆ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘แŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แŒˆแˆแƒแˆˆแŠ• แข
แˆˆแ‰ แˆˆแŒ  แˆ˜แˆจแŒƒ แ‰ แˆตแˆแŠญ แ‰แŒฅแˆญ
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แ‹จแŠจแ‰ฐแˆ›แŠ“ แˆ˜แˆ แˆจแ‰ฐ แˆแˆ›แ‰ต แˆšแŠ’แˆตแ‰ดแˆญ

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โ— Concrete Admixtures
โ— Bonding Agents
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แ‰ณแˆแˆซแ‰ต  แ•แˆŒแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แŒ„แ‰ฆแˆแ‰ต แŠ แ‰…แˆซแ‰ข

๐Ÿ‘‰แˆแˆ‰แŠ• แ‰ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แ‰ฆแ‰ณ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแŒˆแŠ™แ‰ แ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แˆˆแˆแˆ‰แˆ แ‰…แˆญแ‰ฅ

๐Ÿ”ฐแˆแŠ• แ‹ญแˆแˆแŒ‹แˆ‰?

๐Ÿ“Œแ•แˆŒแ‰ตแŠ“ แŒ„แ‰ฆแˆแ‰ต แ‰ แˆแˆˆแŒ‰แ‰ต แŠ แ‹ญแАแ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ€ แŠ แˆˆแŠ•

โœ‚๏ธแˆ‹แˆœแˆซ แˆ›แˆตแ‰†แˆซแˆจแŒฅ แˆ›แˆตแ‰ แˆณแ‰ต แ‹ˆแ‹ญแŠ•แˆ แˆ›แˆณแŒ แ แŠจแˆแˆˆแŒ‰  แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ซแˆตแ‰ก แˆแˆ‰แŠ•แˆ แˆ›แˆฝแŠ–แ‰ฝ แŠ แˆตแŒˆแ‰ฅแ‰ฐแŠ“แˆ

๐Ÿ”—แŒแˆฎ (แ‰ถแŠ•แ‹ฒแŠ–) แŒฅแˆญแˆต แˆ›แˆตแ‰ แŒ€แ‰ต แ‹ˆแ‹ญแŠ•แˆ แˆ›แˆณแŒ แ แŠซแˆฐแ‰ก แˆˆแˆฑแˆ แˆ›แˆฝแŠ‘ แ‰ แŒƒแ‰ฝแŠ• แАแ‹‰

๐Ÿ“แˆ›แŠ•แŠ›แ‹‰แŠ•แˆ แ‹จแˆžแ‹ฐแŠแŠญ แˆตแˆซแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแˆฐแˆฉ แ‰ฅแ‰ แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ™แ‹ซแ‹Žแ‰ฝแˆ แŠ แˆ‰แŠ•

โ˜Ž๏ธแ‹ญแ‹ฐแ‹‰แˆ‰แˆแŠ• แ‹ซแˆ›แŠญแˆฉแŠ•

๐Ÿ“แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹‰แˆตแŒฅ แ‹จแ‰ตแˆ แŠฅแŠ•แˆแŠญแˆŽแ‰ณแˆˆแŠ•

แŠ แ‹ตแˆซแˆปแ‰ฝแŠ•แฆ 1. แˆ˜แˆญแŠซแ‰ถ
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0904040477
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๐Ÿ‘‰Bonding of Old and New Concrete?

๐ŸšงIn construction, there always comes a time when there is a need to bond hardened concrete (substrate) with fresh concrete topping/overlay. The aim of this post is to explain how to bond old and fresh concrete successfully.
Furthermore, we will review the strength of the interfacial bond between old and new concrete based on laboratory studies.

โบProper bonding is very important for adequate performance when the fresh concrete topping is used to overlay an existing hardened concrete. This construction feature is usually found in bridge deck construction, concrete pavements, precast filigree slab, pile caps (in some cases) etc. Proper bonding between the substrate and the topping is not always guaranteed unless simple precautions are taken.

โบFor adequate bonding, it is very important to prepare the surface of the substrate adequately.

โญ๏ธThe preparation of the surface usually involves:

๐Ÿ“ŒRoughening the surface, and removal of all dirt, oil, grease, and loosened or unbonded portions of the existing concrete.

โบBy implication, the surface of the substrate should be hard, firm, clean, and free from loosened particles. This can be achieved by the use of chipping hammers, wire brushing the surface, etc.

๐Ÿ“ŒAfter this is done, the exposed concrete surface can be cleaned by using pressurized clean water, air, etc. The man hours involved depend on the area of the surface, location, and the ease of cleaning (e.g reinforcement obstruction).

๐Ÿ“ŒAfter surface preparation, there is usually a need to apply a bonding agent on the surface of the existing concrete in order to facilitate the bonding. Epoxy-based bonding agents are very popular for such operations. It is recommended that a bonding agent is applied prior to casting the fresh concrete.  In essence, the procedure should be โ€˜wet-to-wetโ€™ as the bonding agent should not be allowed to dry before the fresh concrete topping is placed.

๐Ÿ“ŒIn a research carried out by Vandhiyan and Kathiravan (2017), the compressive strength of monolithic and bonded concrete was compared using 150mm x 150mm cube specimens at 28 days. With an epoxy-based bonding agent, the compressive strength of the bonded concrete was about 5% less than the monolithic strength, while without the bonding agent, the compressive strength was about 28% less than the monolithic compressive strength.

๐Ÿ“ŒResearch has also shown that the moisture condition of the substrate affects the shear bond strength of bonded concrete. Shin and Wan (2010) investigated the interfacial bond strength of old and new concrete considering saturated surface dry (SSD) and air dry conditions. Saturated surface dry is a condition in which the concrete contains moisture that is equal to its potential absorption, without the surface being wet or damp.

๐Ÿ“ŒAt a water/cement ratio of 0.45 (for the topping concrete), the shear bond strength at the interface was about 44% greater when the substrate was at SSD condition than when it was air dry. At a water/cement ratio of 0.6 for the topping layer, an increase in shear bond strength was recorded, but there was a reduction in the compressive strength of the concrete.

โบSo the recommendation in this article is that when casting a topping layer of fresh concrete on old concrete, adhere to the following guidelines;-

(1) Prepare the surface properly
(2) Make sure that the substrate is at saturated surface dry condition
(3) Use a bonding agent and follow the manufacturerโ€™s technical recommendation properly.

@etconp
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๐Ÿ‘‰แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‹ˆแŒชแŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰€แАแˆฐ แ‹จแˆšแˆจแ‹ฑ แŠ แˆ›แˆซแŒญ แ‹˜แ‹ดแ‹Žแ‰ฝ

๐Ÿšงแˆˆแˆ…แŠ•แƒ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแˆแˆแŒ‰ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ตแฃ แˆฒแˆšแŠ•แ‰ถแฃ แ‰ฅแˆŽแŠฌแ‰ตแฃ แŒ แŒ แˆญ แ‹ซแˆ‰ แŒฅแˆฌ แ‹•แ‰ƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แŠฅแ‹จแŒจแˆ˜แˆจ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆ„แ‹ฑ แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ญ แŠจแˆ›แŠ•แˆ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‹ˆแˆจ แŠ แ‹ญแ‹ฐแˆˆแˆแกแก

๐Ÿ’ซแˆˆแ‹šแˆ… แˆ˜แŠ•แˆตแŠค แ‰ แ‹‹แАแŠแАแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแŒ แ‰€แˆฑแ‰ต แ‹จแˆ›แˆแˆจแ‰ปแฃ แ‹จแˆ แˆซแ‰ฐแŠ› แŒ‰แˆแ‰ แ‰ตแฃ แ‹จแ‰ตแˆซแŠ•แ–แˆญแ‰ต แ‹‹แŒ‹ แˆ˜แŒจแˆ˜แˆญ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ฐแ‹ซแ‹ซแ‹ฅแАแ‰ต แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹ แ‹จแ‹‹แŒ‹ แŒแˆฝแ‰ แ‰ต แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹แกแก

โบแ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แŠขแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆตแ‰ตแˆช แˆแ‹ฉ แ‰ฃแˆ…แˆช แ‹ฐแŒแˆž แŒฅแˆฌ แ‹•แ‰ƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แˆ˜แŒแ‹›แ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ แˆ˜แ‹ฐแ‰ฃแˆˆแ‰…แฃ แŒ แŠ•แŠซแˆซ แˆจแŒ…แˆ แ‹•แ‹ตแˆœ แ‹จแˆšแŠ–แˆจแ‹ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹แ‰ฅ แ‹จแˆ†แŠ‘ แˆ…แŠ•แƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆ˜แŒˆแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ต แАแ‹แกแก

โ–ถ๏ธแŠจแ‹šแˆ… แ‰ แˆ˜แАแˆณแ‰ต แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แŠคแŠญแˆตแแˆญแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‹จแŒฅแˆฌ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แŠ•แˆจแ‰ตแŠ• แ‰ แˆ˜แ‰‹แ‰‹แˆ แ‹ˆแŒชแŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰€แАแˆต แ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฝแˆ‹แˆ‰ แ‰ฅแˆˆแ‹ แ‰ แ‰€แ‹ณแˆšแАแ‰ต แ‹ซแˆตแ‰€แˆ˜แŒงแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แŠ แˆ แˆซแˆฎแ‰ฝ แˆ˜แˆตแˆแˆญแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‹จแˆšแŠจแ‰ฐแˆ‰แ‰ต แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹แกแก

๐Ÿ”ฐแŒ แŠ•แŠซแˆซ แ‹จแ‹•แ‰…แ‹ต แ•แˆ‹แŠ• แˆ˜แ‹˜แˆญแŒ‹แ‰ต

โบแŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แˆ›แŠ•แŠ›แ‹แˆ แ‹จแŠ•แŒแ‹ต แ‹˜แˆญแ แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แŠขแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆตแ‰ตแˆช แ‹จแˆ˜แŒจแˆจแˆป แˆแ‰ฅ แˆ›แ‰ตแˆจแ แАแ‹แกแก แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ•แŠ• แ‰ตแˆญแ แˆˆแˆ›แŒแŠ˜แ‰ต แˆˆแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณแ‹ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแˆแˆแŒˆแ‹แŠ• แ‰ แŒ€แ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹แˆญแ‹แˆญ แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆ‚แ‹ฐแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆˆแŠจแ‰ฐ แŒ แŠ•แŠซแˆญ แ‹ซแˆˆ แ‹จแ‹•แ‰…แ‹ต แ•แˆ‹แŠ• แˆ˜แ‰€แ‹จแˆญ แАแ‹แกแก

โ–ถ๏ธแ‹ญแˆ…แŠ•แŠ• แ‰ฝแŒแˆญ แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰…แˆจแ แŠจแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฝแˆ‰ แŒ แŠ•แŠซแˆญ แ‹ซแˆ‰ แ‹จแ‹•แ‰…แ‹ต แ•แˆ‹แŠ–แ‰ฝ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แŒฅแˆฌ แ‹•แ‰ƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠซแˆˆแ‹  แАแ‰ฃแˆซแ‹Š แˆแŠ”แ‰ณ แ‰ แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆญแˆ˜แˆญ แ‰€แ‹ฐแˆ แ‰ฅแˆŽ แˆ›แŠจแˆ›แ‰ธแ‰ต แ‰ แŠฅแ‹ซแŠ•แ‹ณแŠ•แ‹ฑ แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆ‚แ‹ฐแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแˆแˆแŒ‰ แŒแ‰ฅแ‹•แ‰ถแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰€แ‹ฐแˆ แ‰ฅแˆŽ แˆ›แ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ€แ‰ต แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹แกแก


๐Ÿ”ฐแˆ˜แ‹ฐแ‰ แŠ› แ‹จแˆ†แА แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ฐแŒ‹แŒˆแˆ แ‹ฒแ‹›แ‹ญแŠ•

โบแŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แˆ…แŠ•แƒ แŠจแˆ˜แˆฌแ‰ต แ‰ฐแАแˆตแ‰ถ แŠฅแ‹ซแ‹ฐแŒˆ แ‰ แˆ„แ‹ฐ แ‰แŒฅแˆญแฃ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ญแ‹›แ‰ธแ‹ แ‹จแŠญแแˆ แŒˆแ…แ‰ณแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ˜แ‹ฐแ‰ แŠ› แ‹จแˆ†แА แˆตแ‹แ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แŒˆแ…แ‰ณ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆˆแ‰ แˆฑ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆ†แŠ‘ แˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แ‹‹แŒ‹แŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰€แАแˆต แ‹ญแˆจแ‹ณแˆแกแก

โ–ถ๏ธแˆ…แŠ•แƒแ‹ แ‰ฃแ‹ฐแŒˆ แ‰แŒฅแˆญ แ‹จแ‹แˆตแŒฅ แŒˆแ…แ‰ณ แ‹ฒแ‹›แ‹ญแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแˆˆแ‹‹แ‹ˆแŒฅ แŠจแˆ†แАแฃ แ‹จแŒฅแˆฌ แ‰แˆต แ‰ฅแŠญแАแ‰ต แ‹ซแˆตแŠจแ‰ตแˆ‹แˆแกแก แˆˆแ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹‹แŒญ แ‹ฒแ‹›แ‹ญแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแˆ†แŠ• แˆŒแˆ‹ แŒฅแˆฉ แ‰แˆต แˆ˜แŒแ‹›แ‰ตแŠ• แ‹ญแŒ แ‹ญแ‰ƒแˆแกแก

โ–ถ๏ธแŠฅแˆตแŠจ แ‹˜แˆˆแ‰„แ‰ณแ‹ แˆˆแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแŒˆแˆˆแŒแˆ‰ แ‰แˆถแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰€แ‹ฐแˆ แ‰ฅแˆŽ แˆ›แŠจแˆ›แ‰ธแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ญแ‰ปแˆ แ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‹แˆแกแก แˆˆแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแˆแˆแŒ‰ แˆ˜แˆฃแˆชแ‹ซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰ แ‹จแŒŠแ‹œแ‹ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆˆแ‹‹แ‹ˆแŒก แ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‹แˆแกแก

โนแ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แแŒฅแАแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แˆ‚แ‹ฐแ‰ตแŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰†แŒฃแŒ แˆญ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฝแˆ แŒ‹แˆฌแŒฃ แ‹ญแˆแŒฅแˆซแˆแกแก


๐Ÿ”ฐแŠ แˆ›แˆซแŒญ แ‰แˆถแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆ˜แŒ แ‰€แˆ

โบแ‰ แˆ…แŠ•แƒ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆ…แŠ•แƒแ‹ แˆˆแ‹ˆแ‹ฐแŠแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแˆฐแŒ แ‹แŠ• แŠ แŒˆแˆแŒแˆŽแ‰ต แŠจแŒแˆแ‰ต แ‰ แˆ›แˆตแŒˆแ‰ฃแ‰ต แˆจแˆณแ‹ญแŠญแˆแ‹ต แ‹จแˆ†แŠ‘ แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ถแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠจแŒ‚แ•แˆฐแˆ แŠฅแŠ“ แŠจแŒฃแ‹แˆ‹ แ‹จแˆšแ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ€ แ‹จแ‹แˆตแŒฅ แˆ›แŠจแ‹แˆแ‹ซ แŒแˆญแŒแ‹ณแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆ˜แŒ แ‰€แˆแฃ แ‰ฐแŒˆแŒฃแˆ›แˆš แ‰ฅแˆŽแŠฌแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แŠฅแŠ“ แŒแˆญแŒแ‹ณแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆ˜แŒ แ‰€แˆ แ‹จแˆ…แŠ•แƒแ‹ แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‰€แАแˆต แ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‹แˆ‰::

๐Ÿ”ฐแ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ™แ‹ซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹ˆแŒชแŠ• แˆ˜แ‰€แАแˆต

โบแ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆ‚แ‹ฐแ‰ตแŠ• แ‰ แŒŠแ‹œ แˆฐแˆŒแ‹ณ แˆธแŠ•แˆฝแŠ– แŠ แˆตแˆแˆ‹แŒŠแ‹แŠ• แ‰แˆต แ‰€แ‹ฐแˆ แ‰ฅแˆŽ แ‰ แˆ›แˆŸแˆ‹แ‰ตแฃ แˆˆแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณแ‹ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแˆแˆแŒˆแ‹แŠ• แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ™แ‹ซ แ‰ แŒŠแ‹œแ‹ แ‰ แˆ˜แ‰…แŒ แˆญ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแˆแˆแŒ แ‹จแŒ‰แˆแ‰ แ‰ต (แ‹จแˆ™แ‹ซ) แŠญแแ‹ซ แ‹ˆแŒชแŠ• แ‰ แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แˆ˜แŒ แŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰€แАแˆต แ‹ญแˆจแ‹ณแˆ::

๐Ÿ”ฐแŒŠแ‹œ แŠฅแŠ“ แŒˆแŠ•แ‹˜แ‰ฅแŠ• แˆ˜แ‰†แŒ แ‰ฅ

โบแˆˆแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแˆแˆแŒ‰ แŠฅแŠ“ แˆฅแˆซแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแ‰€แˆ‹แŒฅแ‰ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แˆŽแ‹ฐแˆญแฃ แŠคแŠญแˆตแŠซแ‰ซแ‰ฐแˆญแฃ แ“แˆŒแ‰ต (แ‹จแ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ต แˆแŠ•แŒฃแ) แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แŠญแˆชแ‰ต แˆแŠ•แŒฃแ แ‰ฐแˆปแŠซแˆšแฃ แ‰ฐแŒˆแŒฃแŒฃแˆš แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ถแ‰ฝแŠ•แฃ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณแ‹ แˆณแ‹ญแ‰‹แˆจแŒฅ แ‰ แˆšแˆแˆˆแŒแ‰ แ‰ต แŒŠแ‹œ แ‹ˆแ‹ฒแ‹ซแ‹ แ‹จแˆšแ‰€แˆญแ‰กแ‰ แ‰ตแŠ• แ‰€แ‹ฐแˆ แ‹ซแˆˆ แ‹แŒแŒ…แ‰ต แˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แˆˆแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแˆแˆแŒ แŒŠแ‹œ แ‰ แˆ˜แ‰†แŒ แ‰ฅแฃ แ‰ แแŒฅแАแ‰ต แ‹ˆแ‹ฐแˆšแˆแˆˆแŒˆแ‹ แ‰ตแˆญแ‹แˆ› แŒ‰แ‹ž แˆˆแˆ›แˆแˆซแ‰ต แ‰ แ‰ฐแ‹›แˆ›แŒ…แАแ‰ตแˆ แ‹ˆแŒชแŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰€แАแˆต แ‹ญแˆจแ‹ณแˆแกแก

โ–ถ๏ธแ‰ฅแˆญแˆƒแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแŒˆแ‰ก แˆ˜แˆตแ‰ณแ‹ˆแ‰ถแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹จแ€แˆ€แ‹ญ แ‰ฅแˆญแˆƒแŠ•แŠ• แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แŠคแˆŒแŠญแ‰ตแˆชแŠญ แ‹จแˆšแˆˆแ‹แŒก แŒแˆญแŒแ‹ณแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆ›แŠซแ‰ฐแ‰ตแฃ แˆ…แŠ•แƒแ‹ แŠจแ‰ฐแŒ แŠ“แ‰€แ‰€ แ‰ แŠƒแˆ‹ แ‹˜แˆ‹แ‰‚ แ‹จแŠƒแ‹ญแˆ แแŒ†แ‰ณ (แŒˆแŠ•แ‹˜แ‰ฅ) แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‰†แŒ แ‰ฅ แ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‹แˆ

๐ŸŽฒแˆˆแˆ›แŠ•แŠ›แ‹แˆ แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ซแ‹จแ‰ตแ‹Ž  แŠฅแŠ“ แˆ€แˆณแ‰ฅแ‹Ž แ‹ญแŒปแ‰แˆแŠ•!

๐Ÿ“œแˆˆ แˆตแˆซ แŠฅแŠ“ แŒจแˆจแ‰ณแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆแŠ•แˆˆแ‰…แ‰ แ‰ต แ‰ปแŠ“แˆ แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰€แˆ‹แ‰€แˆ๐Ÿ‘‰ @ETCONpWORK

๐Ÿ“ฉแˆŠแŒฝแ‰แˆแŠ• แŠซแˆฐแ‰ก @ETCONpBOT

๐Ÿ’ซแ‰ฒแŠญแ‰ถแŠญ:๐Ÿ‘‡

www.tiktok.com/@etconp7

@etconp
๐Ÿ‘15๐Ÿ‘2โค1๐Ÿ˜1
๐Ÿ‘‰Did you know that the distribution of soil pressure varies with time and also depends on the type of soil as well as the stiffness of the base and the structure.

๐Ÿ’ซHowever, it is quite important to note that adequate depth of footing helps to regulate the movement of foundation as a result of seasonal changes.

@etconp
๐Ÿ™7
๐Ÿ‘‰'แˆดแ‰ต แ‰ฃแŠญ' แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰ฃแˆˆแ‹ แŠ แАแŒ‹แŒ‹แˆช แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆญแ‹ซ แŠจแŠฎแˆชแ‹ฐแˆญ แˆแˆ›แ‰ต แ‹แŒช แ‰ฃแˆ‰ แ‹‹แŠ“ แ‹‹แŠ“ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ถแ‰ฝ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ แŠ•แ‹‘แˆต แ‹‹แŠ“ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ถแ‰ฝ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŒญแˆแˆญ แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฃแˆซแ‹Š แ‹ญแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ‹แˆ แ‰ฐแ‰ฃแˆˆ

๐ŸทแŠจแˆถแˆตแ‰ต แˆณแˆแŠ•แ‰ต แ‰ แŠแ‰ต แ‰ แ‹ˆแŒฃแ‹ แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆญแ‹ซ แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต แˆ…แŠ•แƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠจแˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ต แˆ˜แˆซแ‰… แ‹ซแˆˆแ‰ฃแ‰ธแ‹ แˆญแ‰€แ‰ต (แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ set back)แฃ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆฌแ‰ต แˆตแ‹แ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹แ‰…แ‰ฐแŠ›แ‹ แŒˆแ‹ฐแ‰ฅ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹จแˆ…แŠ•แƒ แ‹จแŒŽแŠ• แˆตแ‹แ‰ต (แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ frontage) แˆ˜แ‹ˆแˆฐแŠ‘แŠ• แ‹˜แŒแ‰ แŠ• แАแ‰ แˆญแข

โ–ถ๏ธแ‰ แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ฑ แ‰ แˆฐแˆซแАแ‹ แ‹˜แŒˆแ‰ฃแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แˆดแ‰ต แ‰ฃแŠญ แˆ…แŒ‰ แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต แŠจ15 แˆœแ‰ตแˆญ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆตแ‹แ‰ต แ‹ซแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ถแ‰ฝ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแ‹‹แˆตแŠ—แ‰ธแ‹ แ‹ญแ‹žแ‰ณแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹แ‰…แ‰ฐแŠ›แ‹ แ‹จแ‰ฆแ‰ณ แˆตแ‹แ‰ต แˆดแ‰ต แ‰ฃแŠญ แŠจแ‰ฐแ‰€แАแˆฐ แ‰ แŠ‹แˆ‹ แ‰ขแ‹ซแŠ•แˆต 500 แˆœแ‰ตแˆญ แŠซแˆฌ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแˆˆแ‰ แ‰ต แˆ˜แ‹ฐแŠ•แŒˆแŒ‰แŠ• แŒˆแˆแ€แŠ• แАแ‰ แˆญแข

โบแ‰ แ‰ฐแŒจแˆ›แˆชแˆ แ‰ แАแ‹šแˆ… แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ถแ‰ฝ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹แ‰…แ‰ฐแŠ›แ‹ แ‹จแˆ…แŠ•แƒ แ‹จแŒŽแŠ• แˆตแ‹แ‰ต แŠจ20 แˆœแ‰ตแˆญ แ‹ซแˆ‹แАแˆฐ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแˆˆแ‰ต แˆ…แŒ‰ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแŒ แ‰…แˆต แˆ˜แˆจแŒƒ แŠ แ‰…แˆญแ‰ แŠ• แ‰ แ‹šแˆ…แˆ แˆแŠญแŠ•แ‹ซแ‰ต แ‰ แˆญแŠซแ‰ณ แ‹จแˆ…แŠ•แƒ แŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แˆตแˆซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠจแ‰ฐแˆ›แ‹ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแ‰†แˆ™ แŒ แ‰แˆ˜แŠ• แАแ‰ แˆญแข

แ‹ญแˆ… แˆ˜แˆตแŠจแˆจแˆ 3 แ‰€แŠ• แ‰ แŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แŠ แ‰ แ‰ฃ แŠจแ‰ฐแˆ› แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ณแ‹ฐแˆญ แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆแ‰ƒแ‹ต แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰แŒฅแŒฅแˆญ แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆณแŒฃแŠ• แ‹จแ‹ˆแŒฃ แ‹จแŠ แ‰ฐแŒˆแ‰ฃแ‰ แˆญ แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆญแ‹ซ แˆˆแŠ แˆตแˆซ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ฑแˆ แŠญ/แŠจแ‰ฐแˆžแ‰ฝ แ‰ฐแˆแŠฎ แ‹จแАแ‰ แˆจ แ‰ขแˆ†แŠ•แˆ แŠ แˆแŠ• แ‹ฐแŒแˆž แŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แˆ›แˆปแˆปแ‹ซ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆจแŒˆแ‰ แ‰ต แˆฐแˆแ‰ฐแŠ“แˆแข

โบแ‰ แ‹šแˆ…แˆ แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต แ‹จแŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แŠ แ‰ แ‰ฃ แŠจแ‰ฐแˆ› แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ณแ‹ฐแˆญ แ•แˆ‹แŠ• แŠฅแŠ“ แˆแˆ›แ‰ต แ‰ขแˆฎ แŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แ‰ แƒแˆแ‹ แ‹ฐแ‰ฅแ‹ณแ‰ค แ‹จแŠฎแˆชแ‹ฐแˆญ แˆแˆ›แ‰ฑ แˆˆ5 แŠ แˆ˜แ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹ซแ‹˜ แŠฅแ‰…แ‹ต แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘แŠ• แ‰ แˆ˜แŒแˆˆแ… แŠจ15 แˆœแ‰ตแˆญ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆตแ‹แ‰ต แ‹ซแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ถแ‰ฝ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแ‹‹แˆตแŠ—แ‰ธแ‹ แ‹ญแ‹žแ‰ณแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹แ‰…แ‰ฐแŠ›แ‹ แ‹จแ‰ฆแ‰ณ แˆตแ‹แ‰ต แˆดแ‰ต แ‰ฃแŠญ แŠจแ‰ฐแ‰€แАแˆฐ แ‰ แŠ‹แˆ‹ แ‰ขแ‹ซแŠ•แˆต 500 แˆœแ‰ตแˆญ แŠซแˆฌ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแˆˆแ‰ แ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแ‹ฐแАแŒแŒˆแ‹ แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆญแ‹ซ แŠจแŠฎแˆชแ‹ฐแˆญ แˆแˆ›แ‰ต แ‹แŒช แ‰ฃแˆ‰ แ‹‹แŠ“ แ‹‹แŠ“ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ถแ‰ฝ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ แŠ•แ‹‘แˆต แ‹‹แŠ“ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ถแ‰ฝ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆˆแˆšแŒˆแŠ™ แ‹ญแ‹žแ‰ณแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŒญแˆแˆญ แ‹จแˆšแˆ˜แˆˆแŠจแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘แŠ• แŒˆแˆแŒฟแˆแข

โญ๏ธแ‰ แ‰ฐแŒจแˆ›แˆชแˆ แŠจแŠฎแˆชแ‹ฐแˆญ แ‹แŒช แŠจแˆฐแ‰ฅแˆณแ‰ข แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ต แŠฅแŠ“ แŠจแ‹แˆตแŒฅ แˆˆแ‹แˆตแŒฅ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ถแ‰ฝ แŒ‹แˆญ แ‹จแˆšแ‹‹แˆฐแŠ‘ แ‹ญแ‹žแ‰ณแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆˆแŠจแ‰ฐ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆปแˆปแˆˆแ‹แŠ• แ‹จแˆดแ‰ต แ‰ฃแŠญ แˆ…แŒ แˆ˜แŒ แ‰ แ‰… แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแˆˆแ‰ฃแ‰ธแ‹ แŒ แ‰…แˆถ 500 แŠซแˆฌ แˆœแ‰ตแˆญ แŠ แАแˆตแ‰ฐแŠ› แ‹จแ‹ญแ‹žแ‰ณ แˆตแ‹แ‰ต แ‹แˆณแŠ” แŠฅแŠ“ 20 แˆœแ‰ตแˆญ แ‹จแˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ต แŠแ‰ต แˆˆแŠแ‰ต แŒˆแ…แ‰ณ แŠ แˆตแŒˆแ‹ณแŒ… แ‹จแˆ›แ‹ญแˆ†แŠ• แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘แŠ• แŠ แ‰ฅแˆซแˆญแ‰ทแˆแข

Via meseret

@etconp
๐Ÿ‘16โค1๐Ÿ”ฅ1
๐Ÿ‘‰แŠ แˆตแ‰ธแŠณแ‹ญ แˆ›แˆตแ‰ณแ‹ˆแ‰‚แ‹ซ แˆˆ แŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แˆ›แˆ…แ‰ แˆซแ‰ต

๐Ÿทแ‹จแŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แŠ แ‰ แ‰ฃ แ‹ฒแ‹›แ‹ญแŠ•แŠ“ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆตแˆซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰ขแˆฎ แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ซแ‹ฉ แŒŠแ‹œแ‹ซแ‰ต แ‰ฃแŠจแŠ“แ‹ˆแŠ“แ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ แˆญแŠซแ‰ณ แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆตแˆซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ แˆ˜แˆณแ‰ฐแ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆปแˆˆ แŠ แˆแƒแ€แˆ แ‹ซแˆตแˆ˜แ‹˜แŒˆแ‰ฃแ‰ฝแˆแŠ“ แˆตแˆ›แ‰ฝแˆ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹ซแ‹ซแ‹˜ แˆ›แˆ•แ‰ แˆซแ‰ต แ‰ แ‰€แŒฃแ‹ญ แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ซแ‹ฉ แˆณแ‹ญแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‰ แˆšแŠจแŠ“แ‹ˆแŠ‘ แŠ แˆตแ‰ธแŠณแ‹ญ แ‹จแ‰คแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แˆแˆ›แ‰ต แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‹•แ‹ตแˆณแ‰ต แˆตแˆซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆˆแˆ›แˆณแ‰ฐแ แ‰ แАแŒˆแ‹ แ‹•แˆˆแ‰ต แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ตแˆ แ‹“แˆญแ‰ฅ แŒฅแ‰…แˆแ‰ต 15/2017 แ‹“/แˆ แ‹จแ‹•แŒฃ แˆ›แ‹แŒฃแ‰ต แˆตแАแˆตแˆญแ‹“แ‰ต แ‹ญแŠซแˆ„แ‹ณแˆแข

โญ๏ธแˆตแˆˆแˆ†แАแˆ แˆตแˆ›แ‰ฝแˆ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹˜แˆจแ‹˜แˆจ แˆ›แˆ•แ‰ แˆซแ‰ต แ‰ฐแ‹ˆแŠซแ‹ฎแ‰ฝ แŠจแˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ แ‰ฐแŒ แ‰€แˆฐแ‹ แ‰€แŠ• แŠจแŒ แ‹‹แ‰ฑ แ‰ 1:00 แˆฐแ‹“แ‰ต แˆ˜แŒˆแŠ“แŠ› แ‰ แˆšแŒˆแŠ˜แ‹ แ‹จแŠซ แŠญแแˆˆแŠจแ‰ฐแˆ› แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ณแ‹ฐแˆญ แ‰ตแˆแ‰ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆฐแ‰ฅแˆฐแ‰ขแ‹ซ แŠ แ‹ณแˆซแˆฝ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ตแ‰ตแŒˆแŠ™ แŒฅแ‰ฅแ‰… แŒฅแˆช แ‰ฐแˆ‹แˆแแˆแข

โšก๏ธแˆ›แˆณแˆฐแ‰ขแ‹ซ-แ‰ แ‰ฐแŒ แ‰€แˆฐแ‹ แ‰€แŠ•แฃแ‰ฆแ‰ณ แŠฅแŠ“ แˆฐแ‹“แ‰ต แ‰ แˆ›แ‹ญแŒˆแŠ แˆ›แˆ•แ‰ แˆญ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ขแˆฎแ‹ แŠƒแˆ‹แŠแАแ‰ฑแŠ• แŠ แ‹ญแ‹ˆแˆตแ‹ตแˆ!!!!

๐Ÿ’ฅแˆ˜แˆจแŒƒแ‹ แˆˆแˆแˆ‰แˆ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ฐแˆญแˆต แˆผแˆญ แ‹ซแ‹ตแˆญแŒ‰

แ‹จแŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แŠ แ‰ แ‰ฃ แ‹ฒแ‹›แ‹ญแŠ•แŠ“ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆตแˆซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰ขแˆฎ

@etconp
๐Ÿ‘8โค5๐Ÿ‘3
๐Ÿ‘‰แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‹จแŒŠแ‹œแŠ“ แ‹จแ‹‹แŒ‹ แˆ˜แŒˆแˆ˜แ‰ป แˆ›แŠ•แ‹‹แˆแŠ“ แˆถแแ‰ตแ‹Œแˆญ แˆจแ‰‚แ‰… แˆฐแАแ‹ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹แ‹ญแ‹ญแ‰ต แ‰ฐแŠซแˆ‚แ‹ทแˆ

แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆตแˆแŒฃแŠ•  แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‰ แ‰ณแ‰€แ‹ฐแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แŒŠแ‹œ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆแˆ  แ‰ แ‰ฐแŒˆแ‰ข แ‹‹แŒ‹ แ‰ฐแˆแŒปแˆš แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆ†แŠ‘ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฝแˆ แˆ€แŒˆแˆญ แŠ แ‰€แ แŠ แˆฐแˆซแˆญแŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แ‹˜แˆญแŒ‹แ‰ต แŠ แˆแˆž แŠฅแ‹จแˆฐแˆซ แ‹ญแŒˆแŠ›แˆแข

แ‰ แ‹šแˆ แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ตแˆ แ‰ แ‰ฃแˆ…แˆญแ‹ณแˆญ แ‹ฉแŠ’แ‰จแˆญแˆฒแ‰ฒ แˆฒแ‹ซแˆตแŒ แŠ“แ‹ แ‹จแАแ‰ แˆจแ‹ แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‹จแŒŠแ‹œแŠ“ แ‹จแ‹‹แŒ‹ แˆ˜แŒˆแˆ˜แ‰ป แˆ›แŠ•แ‹‹แˆแŠ“ แˆถแแ‰ตแ‹Œแˆญ แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆ™ แˆฒแ‹ซแˆตแŒ แŠ“ แ‰†แ‹ญแ‰ทแˆ แกแก 

แ‰ แŒฅแŠ“แ‰ฑ แˆจแ‰‚แ‰… แˆฐแАแ‹ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆ™ แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แŠ แˆ˜แˆซแˆฎแ‰ฝแŠ“ แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ™แ‹ซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰ แ‰ฐแŒˆแŠ™แ‰ แ‰ต แŒฅแ‰…แˆแ‰ต 14/2017แ‹“.แˆ แˆแŠญแŠญแˆญ แ‰ฐแŠซแˆ‚แ‹ถแ‰ แ‰ณแˆแข

แ‹จแ‰ฃแˆ…แˆญแ‹ณแˆญ แ‹ฉแŠ’แ‰จแˆญแˆฒแ‰ฒ แˆแˆแˆซแŠ• แ‹จแˆ†แŠ‘แ‰ต แ‰ฐแˆตแ‹แˆแŠ• แŠ•แŒ‹แ‰ฑ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ แŒ‹แˆปแ‹ แ‹ˆแˆญแ‰ แ‰ แ‰€แˆจแ‰ แ‹ แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‹จแ‹‹แŒ‹แŠ“ แ‹จแŒŠแ‹œ แˆ˜แŒˆแˆ˜แ‰ป แˆจแ‰‚แ‰… แˆฐแАแ‹ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆ˜แŠซแ‰ฐแ‰ต แˆตแˆ‹แˆ‰แ‰ฃแ‰ธแ‹ แˆณแ‹ญแŠ•แˆณแ‹Šแฃ แ‰ดแŠญแŠ–แˆŽแŒ‚แ‹ซแ‹Š แŠฅแŠ“ แˆ€แŒˆแˆซแ‹Š แАแ‰ฃแˆซแ‹Š แˆแŠ”แ‰ณแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŒแ‰ฅแˆจ แˆ˜แˆแˆถแ‰ฝ แ‰€แˆญแ‰ แ‹‹แˆแกแก

แŠ แˆแŠ• แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹แŠ• แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‹จแ‹‹แŒ‹แŠ“ แ‹จแŒŠแ‹œ แŒแˆ˜แ‰ณ แŠ แˆฐแˆซแˆญ แŠญแแ‰ถแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แŠ แŒแ‰ฃแ‰ก แ‹จแˆ˜แˆˆแ‹จแ‰ตแฃ แ‹จแˆ›แŠ•แ‹‹แˆ‰แŠ“ แ‹จแˆถแแ‰ตแ‹Œแˆฉ แ‹แˆญแ‹แˆญ แŠฅแŠ“ แŒฅแ‰…แˆ แ‹ญแ‹˜แ‰ถแ‰ฝแŠ• แŒแˆแ… แ‹จแˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ แŠ แ‰ฐแŒˆแ‰ฃแ‰ แˆญ แˆ‚แ‹ฐแ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆณแ‰ณแŠ แŠ แŠซแˆ‹แ‰ตแŠ• แˆƒแˆ‹แŠแАแ‰ตแŠ“ แˆšแŠ“ แ‹จแˆ›แˆณแ‹จแ‰ต แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ฎแ‰ฝ แˆ˜แŠซแ‰ฐแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแˆˆแ‰ฃแ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ฐแˆณแ‰ณแŠแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ™แ‹ซแ‹Š แŒแ‰ฅแˆจ แˆ˜แˆแˆต แˆฐแŒฅแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆแกแก

แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆแˆ แˆ›แŠ•แ‹‹แˆ‰แŠ“ แˆถแแ‰ตแ‹Œแˆฉ แŠจแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆ˜แˆจแŒƒ แˆ›แŠ“แŒ…แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰ต/ BIM / แŒ‹แˆญ แ‹จแˆšแŠ“แ‰ แ‰ฅ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆ†แŠ• แ‰ แˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แˆจแŒˆแ‹ต แ‰ตแŠฉแˆจแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆฐแŒฅแฃ แ‰ แ‰€แŒฃแ‹ญแˆ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แ‰ตแŒแ‰ แˆซ แŠจแˆ˜แŒˆแ‰ฃแ‰ฑ แŠ แˆตแ‰€แ‹ตแˆž แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆจแŒก แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆ›แˆณแ‹ซ แ‰ตแŒแ‰ แˆซ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแŠซแˆ„แ‹ตแˆ แŒแ‰ฅแˆจ แˆ˜แˆแˆต แ‰ฐแˆฐแŒฅแ‰ทแˆแกแก

แ‹จแŒฅแŠ“แ‰ต แˆฐแАแ‹ต แŠ แ‰…แˆซแ‰ขแ‹‰ แ‰ฐแˆตแ‹แˆแŠ• แŠ•แŒ‹แ‰ฑ แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆฐแŒก แŒแ‰ฅแˆจ แˆ˜แˆแˆถแ‰ฝ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆแˆแˆซแ‹ŠแŠ“ แˆณแ‹ญแŠ•แˆณแ‹Š แˆ›แ‰ฅแˆซแˆชแ‹ซ แˆฐแŒฅแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆแกแก แ‰ แ‰€แŒฃแ‹ญแˆ แ‹จแŒฅแŠ“แ‰ต แˆจแ‰‚แ‰… แˆฐแАแ‹ถแ‰น แ‰ แแŒฅแАแ‰ต แ‹ณแ‰ฅแˆจแ‹ แˆˆแ‰ตแŒแ‰ แˆซ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแ‹˜แŒ‹แŒแˆ แŒˆแˆแ€แ‹‹แˆแกแก

แ‰ แ‹แ‹ญแ‹ญแ‰ฑ แˆ›แŒ แ‰ƒแˆˆแ‹ซ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆ™ แ‹‹แŠ“ แ‹ณแ‹ญแˆฌแŠญแ‰ฐแˆญ แŠข/แˆญ แˆ˜แˆตแแŠ• แАแŒˆแ‹Ž แˆจแ‰‚แ‰… แˆฐแАแ‹ถแ‰น แˆ›แˆˆแ แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแ‰งแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แˆ‚แ‹ฐแ‰ถแ‰ฝแŠ“ แ‹ฐแˆจแŒƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ซแˆแ‰ แŒฅแˆจแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ แŠ แˆณแˆตแ‰ แ‹‹แˆแกแก

แ‰ แ‹‹แŠ“แАแ‰ตแˆ แˆˆแŒฅแŠ“แ‰ฑ แŒแ‰ฅแŠ แ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแ‹‰แˆ‰ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆจแŒƒ แŠ แˆฐแ‰ฃแˆฐแ‰ฅ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ตแŠฉแˆจแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ แŠ แˆตแŒˆแŠ•แ‹แ‰ แ‹‹แˆแกแก

แ‹จแŒฅแŠ“แ‰ต แˆฐแАแ‹ถแ‰น แˆฒแŒˆแ‰ฃแ‹ฐแ‹ฑ แŠจแ‰ตแŒแ‰ แˆซ แŠ แˆตแ‰€แ‹ตแˆž แ‹จแˆ™แŠจแˆซ แ‰ตแŒแ‰ แˆซ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆแˆ แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‹›แ‰ค แˆ›แˆตแŒจแ‰ แŒซ แˆตแˆแŒ แŠ“ แ‹ฐแˆจแŒƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹ซแˆแ‹แˆ แ‹ซแˆ‰แ‰ต แŠข/แˆญ แˆ˜แˆตแแŠ• แАแŒˆแ‹Ž แ‹จแ‹ˆแ‹ฐแŠแ‰ต แŠ แˆฐแˆซแˆฉ แ‰ แ‰€แŒฃแ‹ญ แ‰ตแŒแ‰ แˆซ แŠฅแ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆจแŒˆ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแˆ„แ‹ต แŒˆแˆแ€แ‹‹แˆแกแก 

Via แŠขแŠฎแ‰ฃ

@etconp
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๐Ÿ‘‰Foundation Waterproofing

๐ŸทProtecting Your Building from Moisture Damage

๐Ÿ’ซFoundation waterproofing is a critical aspect of construction that protects buildings from water infiltration and moisture damage.

โบIt involves the application of materials and systems designed to keep water from penetrating the foundation, which is vital for preserving the structural integrity of any building.

โ–ถ๏ธWhy Foundation Waterproofing Matters

๐Ÿ”ฐWater is one of the most destructive forces that can affect a building.

โบWhen water seeps into a foundation, it can cause serious issues such as:

๐ŸทCracks in walls and floors
Mold growth Structural weakening Damage to interiors and finishes These problems are not only costly to repair but can also pose health risks to occupants due to mold and mildew.

โบProper waterproofing prevents these issues, ensuring the building remains durable and safe over the long term.

๐ŸŒŸTypes of Waterproofing Systems

โบSeveral methods are used to waterproof foundations, including:

๐ŸŽฒMembrane Waterproofing

โบThis involves applying a waterproof membrane (such as liquid-applied or sheet membranes) to the exterior or interior of the foundation to create a barrier against moisture.

๐ŸŽฒCementitious Waterproofing

โบOften used for internal foundation walls, this method involves coating the surface with a cement-based material that prevents water penetration.

๐ŸŽฒBentonite Clay

โบA natural waterproofing method using bentonite clay sheets or powder, which swells when in contact with water, sealing off any gaps or cracks.

๐ŸŽฒDrainage Systems

โบThese include the installation of French drains or sump pumps that help divert water away from the foundation, reducing hydrostatic pressure and minimizing moisture buildup.

๐Ÿ’ซBest Practices for Effective Foundation Waterproofing
To ensure a building's foundation remains waterproofed, it is important to follow certain best practices:

โšก๏ธPrepare the surface: Clean and smooth out foundation walls before applying any waterproofing materials.

โšก๏ธProper drainage: Install an efficient drainage system to redirect water away from the foundation.

โšก๏ธRegular maintenance: Inspect the foundation periodically to check for any cracks or signs of moisture and address them immediately.

๐Ÿ“œConclusion

โบFoundation waterproofing is essential for protecting your building from moisture damage. By using the right materials and systems, you can prevent costly repairs, maintain the buildingโ€™s structural integrity, and create a healthy living environment. Proper waterproofing from the start is a wise investment for long-term durability.

@etconp
๐Ÿ‘10โค2๐Ÿ”ฅ1
๐Ÿ‘‰Cause Of cracking

๐Ÿ’ซMany construction professionals think that cracking is only caused by incorrect mix design, but we have explored the causes of cracking below๐Ÿ‘‡

โญ๏ธ[1] - If we use low quality materials

If we use low-quality materials, cracking will occur, so we must check the quality of the materials we use for concrete (cement, sand, concrete). If the concrete has a steel structure, we must evaluate the quality of the steel.

โญ๏ธ[2] - Shrinkage

If we do not take proper care when mixing and watering the concrete, shrinkage will cause cracking.

Shrinkage is very important for high concrete strength. If we do not use the required water-cement ratio, shrinkage cracking can occur.

โญ๏ธ[3] - If we do not use quality Aggregate

Aggregate determines the overall strength of concrete. If we use aggregate that is not good quality, our construction may crack because it does not create the desired bond with cement.

โญ๏ธ[4] - When our structure handles excessive weight

Cracking occurs if the structure is subjected to a large load before it has attained adequate strength. In addition, if the stirrups and the arch (formwork) are raised prematurely, it will expose our construction to cracks.

โญ๏ธ[5] - Improper curing

This is one of the main causes of cracking in our country - improper watering.
As soon as the concrete is set, it should be watered at the appropriate time and rate.

โญ๏ธ[6] - Inequality of stress distribution

When we fill a very large steel structure with a small mix ratio of concrete, the stress distribution between the steel and the concrete becomes non-linear, which causes cracking.

โญ๏ธ[7] - If proper care is not taken when casting on site and if a suitable professional (including day laborer) is not assigned to the job, cracking is likely to occur in the concrete.

@etconp
๐Ÿ‘9๐Ÿ‘5๐Ÿ™2
Intercon Construction Chemicals 
    
๐Ÿ‘‰ Authorized agent of MC (Conmix), Weber and SIMENTEK

โ— Concrete Admixtures
โ— Bonding Agents
โ— Waterproofings
โ— Concrete Repair, Grout   
โ— Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers 
โ— Wall Putty, Prime Coat, Rush Coat
โ— Quartz, Contextra
โ— Specialized paints (Thermal and Insulation Paints, Street and Playground Paints)
โ— Floor hardener, Epoxy              
โ— Geotextiles, Geo-membranes and other construction chemicals and materials

Tel: 0961955555 or 0961955559
Address: Signal, around signal mall
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แ‰ณแˆแˆซแ‰ต  แ•แˆŒแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แŒ„แ‰ฆแˆแ‰ต แŠ แ‰…แˆซแ‰ข

๐Ÿ“Œแ•แˆŒแ‰ตแŠ“ แŒ„แ‰ฆแˆแ‰ต แ‰ แˆแˆˆแŒ‰แ‰ต แŠ แ‹ญแАแ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ€ แŠ แˆˆแŠ•

โœ‚๏ธแˆ‹แˆœแˆซ แˆ˜แ‰แˆจแŒซ แˆ˜แ‰ฅแˆปแŠ“  แˆ›แŒ แŠแ‹ซ แˆ›แˆฝแŠ–แ‰ฝ แŠ แˆ‰แŠ•

๐Ÿ”—แŒแˆฎ (แ‰ถแŠ•แ‹ฒแŠ–) แŒฅแˆญแˆต แŠฅแŠ“แ‰ แŒƒแˆˆแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆแˆ แŠฅแŠ“แŒฅแ‹แˆˆแŠ•

๐Ÿ“แˆ›แŠ•แŠ›แ‹‰แŠ•แˆ แ‹จแˆžแ‹ฐแŠแŠญ แˆตแˆซแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แˆฐแˆซแˆˆแŠ•

๐Ÿ“แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹‰แˆตแŒฅ แ‹จแ‰ตแˆ แŠฅแŠ•แˆแŠญแˆŽแ‰ณแˆˆแŠ•

แŠ แ‹ตแˆซแˆปแ‰ฝแŠ•แฆ แ‰.1 แŠ แ‹‰แ‰ถแ‰ฅแˆต แ‰ฐแˆซ(แˆ˜แˆณแˆˆแˆšแ‹ซ)
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๐Ÿ‘‰Mix design can be divided into following two categories

๐Ÿ’ซ1. Design mix concrete

๐Ÿ’ซ2. Nominal mix concrete.

๐Ÿท1. DESIGN MIX CONCRETE:

โญ๏ธWhen the proportions of concrete ingredients are decided by adopting certain established relationships (based on assumptions from a lot of experiments) to produce the concrete it is known as design mix concrete.

โบIn design mix concrete, it is assumed that compressive strength of concrete is totally
dependent on the water- cement ratio.

๐Ÿท2. NOMINAL MIX CONCRETE:

โญ๏ธWhen the concrete is produced by taking standard arbitrary proportions of concrete ingredients, it is known as nominal mix concrete.

โ–ถ๏ธThis method is generally used when the quality control requirement for design mixes are difficult to execute.

โบAs we have explained for normal work, nominal mix concrete can be designed by taking cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate in
the ratio of 1 : n : 2n

๐ŸŽฒแˆˆแˆ›แŠ•แŠ›แ‹แˆ แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ซแ‹จแ‰ตแ‹Ž  แŠฅแŠ“ แˆ€แˆณแ‰ฅแ‹Ž แ‹ญแŒปแ‰แˆแŠ•!

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๐Ÿ’ซแ‰ฒแŠญแ‰ถแŠญ:๐Ÿ‘‡

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@etconp
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