👉High strength concrete

➡High strength concrete (HSC) may be defined as concrete with a specified characteristic cube
strength between 60 and 100 N/mm , although higher strengths have been achieved and used.

▶Strength levels of 80 to 100 N/mm and even higher are being used for both precast and in-situ work in All over the world.

▶The main applications for HSC in-situ concrete construction are in offshore structures, columns for tall buildings, long-span bridges and other highway structures

▶The main advantage is the reduction in size of compression elements and/or the amount of longitudinal reinforcement required.

▶The methods and technology for producing high strength concrete are not substantially different from those required for normal strength concrete.
The target water/cement ratio should be in the range 0.30–0.35 or even lower.

⭐️HSC can be produced with all of the cements and cement
replacements (additions).
A wide range of aggregates can be used though crushed rock aggregates (of suitably high crushing value) are preferable.
Superplasticisers / high range water reducers should be used to achieve maximum water reduction, although plasticisers may be adequate for lower strength HSC (C-60 to C-70)

⏺Silica fume (microsilica) or metakaoline can be used to enhance the strength at high levels (C80 and above), but is not needed generally at the lower end (C60 to C80).

💫The terms "High performance concrete" and "High strength concrete" are often taken to mean the same thing.

⏺However, as indicated, "High performance" strictly relates to a concrete that has been designed to have good specific characteristics, such as high resistance to chloride ingress or high abrasion resistance.

▶️As a result it may also have a high strength, but this is not the main consideration.

@etconp

👉Why don't we use circular beams in construction or in structures?

💫Before we look at the reasons, please have a look at the framed structure where the conventional Rectangular section has been adapted :                                                                                               
🚧1.Formwork

Very difficult It has to be made out of either MS sheets or Aluminum sections.

Fixing it horizontally is more challenging since the base of the beam form work shall be semi circular.

The conventional methods of supporting with wooden CHABI is not suitable.

The Formwork shall need to have a provision on the top for pouring concrete.

🚧2.The casting

Imagine that a conventional letter box is laid Horizontality and you have to pour concrete through the opening at the top.

The concrete has to be high slump concrete so that it moves to all crevices of the section.

Finishing the top portion of the beam shall be a highly skilled job.

🚧3. The de -shuttering :

It shall not be possible to first strike off the sides and then the beam bottom .

The form work shall have to be removed in two halves after the concrete attains the strength.

⭐️Hope you’re clear with certain difficulties associated with the circular sections.

@etconp

👉አለምአቀፍ የህንጻ ንድፍ ውድድር
ዝርዝሩን ከታች ይመልከቱ።

💫ውድድሩ ለተማሪዎች፣ ለህንጻነዳፊዎች፣ ለመሀንዲሶች እና ለሌሎችም ክፍት ነው።

⭐️𝐍𝐄𝐖 𝐊𝐀𝐈𝐑𝐀 𝐋𝐎𝐎𝐑𝐎 𝐀𝐑𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐓𝐄𝐂𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍

2025’s Edition – Nursery School in Africa

We are thrilled to announce the opening of the 2025 Kaira Looro Architecture Competition! This year’s theme is the design of a Nursery School for rural areas in Sub-Saharan Africa. The aim is to create a safe, inclusive, and sustainable educational architeture where children can learn, play, and grow in an inspiring environment, promoting their development and well-being.

Participation is open to architects, students, designers, engineers, and anyone eager to contribute to this global cause. You can participate individually or as a team.

𝐀𝐖𝐀𝐑𝐃𝐒
As per tradition, the competition also aims to launch young architectural talents into the international arena by awarding prestigious prizes and professional growth opportunities. Some of the most significant awards include:
𝟏𝐬𝐭 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐳𝐞: €5,000 + Internship at Kengo Kuma & Associates in Japan + Construction.
𝟐𝐧𝐝 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐳𝐞: €2,000 + Internship at one of the following: Benedetta Tagliabue EMBT (Spain), Amanda Levete Architects (UK), or SBGA Blengini Ghirardelli (Italy).
𝟑𝐫𝐝 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐳𝐞: €1,000 + Internship at one of the following: EMBT (Spain), ALA (UK), or SBGA (Italy).

Others awards: 2 honourable mentions, 5 special mentions, 20 finalists, 20 Top 50, International visibility, Exhibits in exhibitions, events and seminars, official certificates and many others.

𝐉𝐔𝐑𝐘
The jury of Kaira Looro is made up of some of the world’s most renowned and award-winning architects worldwide, such as:Kengo Kuma (Kengo Kuma & Associates), Benedetta Tagliabue (Benedetta Tagliabue – EMBT Architects), Rafael Aranda, Carme Pigem, Ramón (RCR Arquitectes), Mario Cucinella (Mario Cucinella Architects), David Adjaye (Adjaye Associates),  Amanda Levete (Amanda Levete Architects), Manuel Aires Mateus (Aires Mateus Architects), Giancarlo Mazzanti (El Equipo Mazzanti), Agostino Ghirardelli (SBGA | Blengini Ghirardelli), Raul Pantaleo (TAM Associati), Emmanuelle Moureaux (Emmanuelle Moureaux Architecture + Design), Saad El Kabbaj, Driss Kettani, Mohamed Amine Siana

The Early Registration will open on 10th January 2024.

For this edition we are proud to collaborate with leading global media partners, including Archilovers, The Plan, Casabella, DesignBoom, Tectonica, World Architecture Community, Platform, Worl Architects, Amazing Architecture, A+E, Archiportale, Apsaidal, Go Architecture, E-Archtiect, Architektura & Biznes, Uche Okeke Legacy, Toffu, Archetype, Competitions Archi, Architektura, Wettbewrbe, Poject Baikal, Ru Archi.

All competition proceeds will be donated to support charity projects by Balouo Salo in Africa aimed to improve life condition if rural communities.

Join the competition and help build a brighter future.
Register now at www.kairalooro.com

@etconp

👉በዩናይትድ ስቴትስ ኦክላሃማ ውስጥ በአሜሪካ ከሚገኙ ሰማይ ጠቀስ ሕንፃዎች የሚበልጥ ግዙፍ ፕሮጀክት የበረራ እክል ይፈጥራል በሚል ምክንያት ግንባታው መስተጓጓል ሊፈጠርበት ችሏል።

🚧"The Legends Tower" በሚል የተሰየመውና 581 ሜትር ርዝመት የሚኖረው በኦክላሃማ ከተማ ሊገነባ የነበረው ሰማይ ጠቀስ ሕንፃ በኒውዮርክ ከተማ ከሚገኘውና በአሜሪካ ቀዳሚው ሰማይ ጠቀስ ሕንፃ ከሆነው World Trade Centre በ41 ሜትር የሚረዝም ነው።

💫የኦክላሃማ ከተማ ኤርፖርቶች ዳይሬክተር ሕንፃው ከተገነባ የአውሮፕላኖች የበረራ ሰአት እንዲጨምር ያደርጋል ብለዋል።

🏷ገንቢዎቹ የሕንፃውን ዲዛይን ሲሰሩ በአካባቢው የሚገኘውን Rogers World Airport እና Tinker Air Force Base ግንዛቤ ውስጥ መክተት ነበረባቸው ተብሏል።

@etconp

Intercon Construction Chemicals 
    
👉 Authorized agent of MC (Conmix), Weber and SIMENTEK

● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Concrete Repair, Grout   
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers 
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat, Rush Coat
● Quartz, Contextra
● Specialized paints (Thermal and Insulation Paints, Street and Playground Paints)
● Floor hardener, Epoxy              
● Geotextiles, Geo-membranes and other construction chemicals and materials

Tel: 0961955555 or 0961955559
Address: Signal, around signal mall

ታምራት  ፕሌት እና ጄቦልት አቅራቢ

👉ከ አባይ ግድብ እስከ ኮሪደር ልማት

ከግለሰብ ቤቶች እስከ ተቋማት እና

መጋዘኖች በሁሉም የኢትዮጽያ ክፍል

አሻራችንን አሳርፈናል

🔰ምን ይፈልጋሉ?

✂️ላሜራ መቁረጫ ÷ ማጠፊያ እና መብሻ ማሽኖች አሉን

🔗ፌሮ (ቶንዲኖ) ጥርስ ማስበጀት ወይንም ማሳጠፍ ካሰቡ ለሱም ማሽኑ በጃችን ነዉ

📐ማንኛዉንም የሞደፊክ ስራዎችን የሚሰሩ ብቁ ባለሙያዎችም አሉን

☎️ይደዉሉልን ያማክሩን

📍ኢትዮጵያ ዉስጥ የትም እንልክሎታለን

አድራሻችን፦
                    ቁ.1 መርካቶ
                    ቁ.2 ተክለሀይማኖት
                     ቁ.3 አየር ጤና

0904040477
0911016833

👉What are efficient ways to sound proof A room?
 
🚧Double, Air-gapped Walls

⏺This one was key, especially to keep outside sound out and instrument sounds in (like my drums)! Inside of the cinder-block garage, we built a room using 2×4’s (or maybe 2×6’s). We then built an ever-so-slightly smaller room inside of it, leaving about 4″ between the outer wall and the inner one. This air-gap helped block transmission of sound. Inside each wall we used fiberglass insulation.

🚧Double Sheet Rock

⏺On the walls mentioned above we used two sheets of 5/8″ sheet rock, not just one. This provided more mass, also good for blocking sound.

🚧Foam Egg Crates, Foam Rubber, Carpet

⏺We got lucky and found a dozen sheets of foam egg crate at a building auction and bought it for what one sheet of it would normally cost. We covered the walls in it. We used thick carpet on the floor, and some adhesive foam rubber sheets on the door and outside wall.

🚧Adjacent Mixing tech room

⏺We put the mixing consoles, PC, monitors, and other gear that generated noise in an adjacent room. If we were doing it “right” I probably would have wired up audio jacks to totally isolate the two rooms, but instead we just put a large conduit between the rooms to run the cabling. I stuffed the conduit full of rags to block the PC fan sounds.


🚧Angled Window

⏺We put a window between the studio and the mixing room so the tech could see the band and vice versa.

To prevent the sound from going through, we used two panes of glass.

The one on the mixing room side was mounted in a normal up-and-down position.

The second pane, on the studio side was mounted at about a 45 degree angle, so sounds would be deflected down toward the floor. E.g. (Studio) \ | (Mixing Room).

🚧AC outside of the studio

⏺The studio got pretty hot with all that insulation, so we had to add a window AC unit.

Putting it in the studio was a no-go, so we mounted it in a window in the garage (outside the studio’s double walls) and then fashioned some ducting to run the cool air into the back corner of the studio.

This kept the compressor noise out.

🚧Treating the gear

▶️Finally, we would pick up rattling from drum stands, clicks of guitar pedals, snare vibrations, etc. We fixed this as we went – things like foam, cardboard, electrical tape, and rags all helped.

@etconp

👉Factors Affecting Concrete Compressive Strength

🏷Among the large number of factors affecting the compressive strength of concrete.

💫the following are probably the most important for concretes used in structures.

🚧1.  Water/cement ratio

⏺The strength of concrete is governed in large part by the
ratio of the weight of the water to the weight of the cement for a given volume of concrete.

⏺A lower water/cement ratio reduces the porosity of the hardened concrete and thus increases the number of interlocking solids.

🚧2.  Type of cement

⏺Traditionally, five basic types of Portland cement have been produced:

Normal, Type I:
Modified, Type II:
High early strength, Type III:
Low heat, Type IV:
Sulfate resisting, Type V:

🚧3. Supplementary cementitious materials

⏺Sometimes, a portion of the cement is replaced by materials such as fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, or silica fume to achieve economy, reduction of heat of hydration, and, depending on the materials, improved workability.

🚧4. Aggregate

⏺The strength of concrete is affected by the strength of the aggregate, its surface texture, its grading, and, to a lesser extent, by the maximum size of the aggregate.

🚧5.  Mixing water

⏺There are no standards governing the quality of water for use in mixing concrete.

⏺In most cases, water that is suitable for drinking and that has no pronounced taste or odor may be used

🚧6. Moisture conditions during curing

⏺The development of the compressive strength of concrete is strongly affected by the moisture conditions during curing.

⏺Prolonged moist curing leads to the highest concrete strength

🚧7. Temperature conditions during curing

⏺The effect of curing temperature on strength gain for specimens placed and moist-cured for 28 days under the constant temperatures shown in the figure and then moist-cured at 73°F.

⏺The 7- and 28-day strengths are reduced by cold curing temperatures, although the long-term strength tends to be enhanced.

🚧8. Age of concrete.

Concrete gains strength with age

🚧9. Maturity of concrete

⏺Young concrete gains strength if the concrete remains about a threshold temperature of to or to Maturity is the summation of the product of the difference between the curing temperature and the threshold temperature, and the time the concrete has cured at that temperature

@etconp

👉ELEMENTS OF ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT
.
➡️Asphalt concrete pavements also called flexible pavements are pavements built from asphalt- concrete (asphalt, coarse aggregate, filler (optional) , and fine aggregate).
They transmit loads imposed on the surface through lateral distribution of the applied loads over depth.
.
➡️The elements of an asphalt concrete pavement are:👇
.
▶️Surfacing: This is the uppermost layer of the
pavement. The primary function of the surfacing is
to provide a safe and comfortable riding surface for the traffic. It is also expected to protect the layers underneath from the effects of natural elements
(wind, rain, ice etc.) as well as the disintegrating
effects from vehicles skidding and braking on the roadway. In this regard, it should be impervious so
as to waterproof the underlying layers. In higher
types of roads, it may consist of two distinct sub
layers known as a wearing course and a base
course.
.
▶️ Base: this is the most important and normally the thickest layer of an asphalt concrete pavement on which the surfacing rests. It is the main load
spreading layer of the pavement. It bears the burden of distributing the applied surface loads in such a manner that the bearing Capacity of the subgrade is not exceeded. It should therefore be built from high quality materials capable of withstanding the applied loads on the surface. It consist of either: crushed stone or gravel, gravelly soils, decomposed rocks, sands or sand-clays stabilized with cement, lime or bitumen.
.
▶️Sub-base: The sub-base is the secondary load
spreading layer of the pavement underlying the
base. It may or may not be present in a pavement
depending on the purpose for which it is to be
used. It helps to distribute the applied loads to the
subgrade. Its stresses are less than those of the
base. Therefore its materials can be of lower quality than those of the base but must always be stronger than those of the subgrade. It is usually coarse grained or granular to act as a drainage layer for passage of any moisture which falls during
construction or after construction to the highway drainage system.
.
▶️Subgrade: this is the upper layer of the natural soil over which the pavement is being built. It may be undisturbed local material exposed by excavation or soil excavated elsewhere and placed into an embankment. It is usually compacted during
construction to give added stability.

@etconp

👉What is the differences between Singly reinforced and Doubly reinforced beam sections

🚧Singly reinforced beam

⏺singly reinforced beams are beams with tension reinforcement only( reinforcement to assist concrete carry tension)

🚧Doubly reinforced beam

⏺due to different reasons, it isn't always possible to use singly reinforced beam and it becomes necessary to assist concrete to carry compression too.

⏺And beams with both tension and compression reinforcement are called doubly reinforced beams.

💫Doubly reinforced beams are advantageous over singly reinforced beams for the following reasons :

*Reduces sustained deflection( long term deflection)

* Increases ductility

* Enhances tension mode of failure

* Decreased depth of section, leading to astetics

@etconp