👉ነጻ የትምህርት ዕድል ጥቆማ (Scholarship)

📍ህንድ አገር

📜መረጃውን ከተያያዘው ምስል መመልከት ይቻላል።

💫መልካም ዕድል❤️

Via Embassy of India, Addis Ababa

@etconp

Intercon Construction Chemicals 
    
👉 Authorized agent of MC, SIMENTEK, Sika, Weber

● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Concrete Repair, Grouting   
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers 
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat, Rush Coat
● Quartz, Contextra
● Floor hardener, Epoxy              
● Geotextiles, Geo-membranes and other construction chemicals and materials

Tel: 0961955555 or 0944774267
Address: Signal, around signal mall

👉Administration, Monitoring, and Payment of Subcontract Works*

📜Once an agreement is made and a subcontract has been placed, the administration, monitoring, assessment, valuation, and payment of the works are parts of an ongoing cycle of activities.

⏺Monitoring and Assessment of Subcontract Works

The monitoring and assessment of the package is undertaken as an ongoing review of the work carried out by the subcontractor, including:

* A review of progress on site against the original tender
* Variations
* The formulation of an add and omit schedule

The exact nature of this will depend on how the subcontract package was procured and placed: for example, as a lump sum item, an estimate (with or without remeasurement), a target sum, or under an open book 'cost plus' arrangement.

*Importance of Record-Keeping and Correspondence Management*

Good record-keeping and correspondence management are essential for effective subcontract management. Without good records, it is difficult to make or challenge any claim, whether for time or money, received from a subcontractor.

*Best Practice for Record-Keeping and Correspondence Management*

▶️Best practice includes:

* Creating a standard structure for filing
* Circulating contact names for stakeholders
* Using standard templates for notifications
* Clearly issuing notices of delays, additional works, defects, or incomplete works
* Issuing timely sectional and final completion certificates
* Compliance with contractual reply durations
* Considering where issues included in correspondence to a subcontractor should also be included in separate correspondence to the client

*Valuation and Payment of Subcontract Works*

The valuation will calculate the contracting organisation's liability to the subcontractor at the end of the month. (It should be noted that it is advisable and good practice to include a monthly payment calendar to clarify this in the subcontract agreement.) This will affect the cost taken into the month-end accounts and is linked closely to the payment.

The payment will usually take place at some stage in the following month, depending on the contractual arrangements made in the subcontract and in Security of Payment legislation.

If possible, the valuation of work will take place as a back-to-back exercise, ensuring that the value taken by the contracting organisation is aligned with the liability, using the same underlying measures, or other assessment format, for work within the original package, as well as any variations.

*Accruals and Liabilities*

The total liability can be defined as the total cumulative amount that would be due to that subcontractor for that package of work up to the period end-date, if no further work was to take place either on- or off-site.

It can include amounts that have not been proven as contractually due, but for which a prudent allowance (subject to the contracting organisation's policies) should be made in the liability.

An accrual is the difference between the total liability and the amount already paid to the subcontractor.

@etconp

ታምራት  ፕሌት እና ጄቦልት አቅራቢ

📌ፕሌትና ጄቦልት በፈለጉት አይነት የተዘጋጀ አለን

♧ ሁሉን በአንድ ቦታ ለሁሉም ቅርብ

♧ ምስክራችን ስራችን

📍ኢትዮጵያ ዉስጥ የትም እንልክሎታለን

♧ ይደውሉልን ያማክሩን

0904040477
0911016833

👉𝑯𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒐 𝑬𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒆 & 𝑪𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒋𝒆𝒄𝒕 𝑩𝒖𝒅𝒈𝒆𝒕

🚧𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐄𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

Quantitative assessment of amount likely to be spent to complete project

⏺𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐁𝐮𝐝𝐠𝐞𝐭

Total cost required to complete project tasks & contingency reserve for known risks

Budgeting is process, not project event Budget is developed at project start & later refined as more info becomes available about project & detailed WBS prepared

At project start, Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM) estimate created, with accuracy range -25% to +75%, result in outcomes to get initial budgetary approvals & get project off ground

ROM estimate further refined into preliminary estimates when more information becomes available

After creating detailed WBS, definitive estimates developed with accuracy range -5% to +10%.

⏺𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐁𝐮𝐝𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞

》Essential to secure funding
》Essential to make good project plan
》Essential to manage project, as budgetary estimates address cost constraints
》Compare actual costs against approved budget to determine variance
》Help improve project profitability

⏺𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐄𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝𝐬

𝟏》𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐭 𝐣𝐮𝐝𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
Get estimates from expert (consultant/ In-house) with specialized experience understanding project’s domain area

𝟐》𝐓𝐨𝐩-𝐝𝐨𝐰𝐧 𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Estimates overall project cost, then decompose whole project into smaller components & allocates part of total budget to these components

𝟑》𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐄𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

Look at historical data from previous similar projects to drive estimate for current project

𝟒》𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜 𝐄𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Use historical data from previous projects to calculate cost estimate for current project, using mathematical formula & statistical relationship between different variables to estimate complete project cost

𝟓》𝐁𝐨𝐭𝐭𝐨𝐦-𝐮𝐩 𝐄𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

Estimate WBS smaller components, aggregate them to calculate project budget

𝟔》𝐓𝐡𝐫𝐞𝐞-𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐄𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

Done by taking average of 3 different estimates to calculate expected cost

•Optimistic(O): Best-case scenario
•Pessimistic(P): Worst-case scenario
•Most likely(M): Realistic scenario

⏺Expected cost (E) driven using:

》Triangular Distribution Formula
E= (O+P+M)/3

》Beta Distribution Formula
E= (O+P+4*M)/6

▶️𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐁𝐮𝐝𝐠𝐞𝐭 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐩𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩𝐬

》Prepare ROM budget at project start utilising top-down or analogous estimation techniques
》Get initial budget approval
》Create WBS & define work packages
》Decompose work packages into activities
》Estimate each work package cost
》Add contingency reserve
》Create sum total of work package cost estimates
》Add project-level contingency reserves as required
》Refine budget further to reconcile with initial budgetary estimates & constraints
》Get approval on final budget
》Refine budget in case any changes impact project.

@etconp

👉Claim Analysis Related to Quantities, Man-Hours, and Costs: A Step-by-Step Guide*

📜Introduction

⏺Claims analysis related to quantities, man-hours, and costs is a critical aspect of construction projects.

⏺This article provides a detailed guide to performing a claims analysis, whether preparing a claim or defending against one.

🏷Obtaining and Reviewing Contractor's Bid and Budget*

1. *Obtain and Review Bid Estimate Calculations and Assumptions*: Obtain and review the contractor's bid and bid estimate calculations and assumptions, including productivity, material quantities, labor rates, contingency, field and home office overhead amounts, and profit.
2. *Determine Reasonableness of Bid*: Determine if the bid was reasonable, or if there could have been an underbid or bid error.
3. *Obtain and Review Budget and Revised Budget Information*: Obtain and review the contractor's budget and revised budget information, including quantity, man-hour, and cost data and underlying assumptions, noting any differences from the bid estimate.

🔰Analyzing Quantities, Man-Hours, and Costs

1. *Obtain and Review Actual Quantity, Man-Hour, and Costs Data*: Obtain and review the contractor's actual quantity, man-hour, and costs data.
2. *Determine Extent of Additional Work*: Determine the extent to which the contractor coded its additional man-hours and costs to discrete change-related cost codes.
3. *Evaluate Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Coding*: Evaluate the contractor's WBS coding and/or cost account structure to determine if claims can be assessed by discipline, work area, timeframe, etc.

⭐️Preparing Variance Analyses*

1. *Prepare Quantity Variance Analysis*: Prepare a quantity variance analysis by material type or detailed WBS/cost account to determine which types of materials had significant variances when planned and actual quantities are compared.
2. *Prepare Man-Hour Variance Analysis*: Prepare a man-hour variance analysis, comparing budgeted and actual man-hours at the most detailed level of the information available.
3. *Prepare Cost Variance Analysis*: Prepare a cost variance analysis, comparing budgeted and actual costs at the most detailed level of the information available.

🚧Preparing Disruption or Loss of Productivity Claim*

1. *Confirm Contemporaneous Estimates*: Confirm contemporaneous estimates included in the change order documentation.
2. *Evaluate Additional Costs*: Evaluate and confirm additional costs using invoices and/or labor man-hours and costs from discrete change-related accounts.
3. *Estimate Extent of Additional Work*: Estimate the extent of the additional work.

🚧Preparing Prolongation or Delay Claim*

1. *Quantify Time-Related Field Overhead Costs*: Quantify the contractor's average time-related field overhead costs by day, week, or month.
2. *Calculate Delay Damages*: Calculate the contractor's delay damages using the results of the schedule analysis for compensable delay.

🚧Preparing Narratives and Supporting Documentation*

1. *Prepare Narratives*: Prepare narratives with supporting documentation that describe the information utilized, the problems encountered, the analyses performed, and the results of the damages calculations.

@etconp

👉የመጀመሪያው እና ዋነኛው ዓለማቀፋዊው መስፈርት የቁመት (ከፍታ) ርዝማኔ ሲሆን እንደ  የሰማይ ጠቀስ ሕንፃዎች እና የከተማ መኖሪያ መማክርት  መስፈርት

1. አንድ ህንጻ ሰማይ ጠቀስ ለመባል ቢያንስ 150 ሜትር ወይም 492ጫማ ርዝማኔ ሊኖረው ይገባል።

2. አንድ ህንጻ ሰማይ ጠቀስ ለመባል 150 ሜትር ከፍታ ማሟላት በራሱ በቂ አይደለም የሚከተሉት ሁለት ነጥቦች አብረው መሟላት አለባቸው። ከፍታ (Height)... integrity (መዋቅር) እና አገልግሎት አሰጣት (Functionality)
የሰማይ ጠቀስ ፎቆች ወለሎቹ (storey) ለተለያዩ አገልግሎዮች መዋል አለባቸው ለምሳሌ ከፊሉ ለመኖሪያ፣ ከፊሉ ለንግድ ወይም ለቢሮ አገልግሎት የሚውሉ ብዙ ፎቆች ሊኖሩት ይገባል።  300ሜትር ሆኖ ለመኖሪያ ብቻ ከዋለ ሰማይ ጠቀስ አይባልም።

⏺ስለዚህ አንድ ሕንፃ እንደ ሰማይ ጠቀስ ፎቆች በይፋ እንዲታወቅ ቢያንስ 150 ሜትር ቁመት ያለው እና መዋቅራዊ እና የተግባር መስፈርቶችን ማሟላት አለበት።

📜ማጣቀሻ ካስፈለጋችሁ፥

1. CTBUH (Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat)

2. Emporis Standards (Previously used for skyscraper databases)

Via Eng Galma Guyo

@etconp

👉በ ኮንስትራክሽን ምህንድስናው ዘርፍ የሰለጠኑ ወጣቶች ጀርመንኛ ቋንቋ ሰልጥነው በጀርመን ሀገር በሙያቸው የሚሰሩበት እድል መመቻቸቱ ተናገረ፡፡

ከዩኒቨርስቲ ምሩቃን ባለፈ በኮንስትራክሽን ዘርፍ በቴክኒክና ሙያ የሰለጠነም የእድሉ ተጠቃሚ ይሆናል ተብሏል፡፡

እድሉን አግኝቶ በጀርመን የስራ ላይ ስልጠና የሚጀምር ኢትዮጵያዊ መነሻ የወር ደሞዝ 1 ሺህ 80 ዩሮ ይሆናል ተብሏል፡፡

በየዓመቱ ደመወዙ እንደሚጨምር እና ተገቢው ኢንሹራንስም አንደሚገባለት ተነግሯል፡፡

የጀርመን ኮንስትራክሽን ፌዴሬሽን በኢትዮጵያ ይፋ ያደረገው አዲስ ፕሮጄክት አንዱ አላማም ይኸው መሆኑን ሰምተናል ፡፡

ምንጭ፡ ሸገር ኤፍ ኤም

@etconp

የኢትዮጵያ ኮንስትራክሽን ስራዎች ኮርፖሬሽን ዛሬ የካቲት 15 ቀን 2017 ዓ.ም ቃሊቲ በሚገኘው የኮርፖሬሽኑ ፓራዳይዝ መሰብሰቢያ አዳራሽ ፕሮጀክቶች አፈፃፀም ዙርያ ውይይት በመካሄድ ላይ ይገኛል።

የኮርፖሬሽኑ ዋና ስራ አስፈፃሚ ኢንጂነር ዮናስ አያሌው በስነ ስርዓቱ ላይ እንደገለፁት ኮንትራት ዋጋቸው ከ45.2 ቢሊዮን ብር ዋጋ ያላቸው ከ57 በላይ ፕሮጀክቶችን እየገነባ እንደሚገኝም ገልፀዋል።

ኮርፖሬሽኑ በግማሽ ዓመት ውስጥ ከግንባታ ስራዎች ፣ ከግብዓት ምርት ሽያጭ እና ከሌሎች የገቢ ምንጮች ከ7.5  ቢሊየን ብር በላይ ገቢ ያገኘ ሲሆን ኮርፖሬሽኑ በተጠቀሰው ጊዜ ውስጥ 881.6 ሚሊዮን ብር በላይ ያልተጣራ ትርፍ ማግኘት እንደቻለም ነው የተነገረው።

ኮርፖሬሽኑ የ2017 የመጀመሪያ ስድስት ወራት አጠቃላይ ስራ አፈፃፃም ውጤት 85 በመቶ እንደሆነም ታውቋል።

@etconp

👉What Is The Purpuse of Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit Test of Soil in lab?

⭐️The Liquid Limit (LL) and Plastic Limit (PL) tests are essential laboratory tests used to determine the engineering properties of fine-grained soils, particularly clays.

🏷Here's an overview of their purposes:

🔰1. Liquid Limit (LL) Test:

⏺- Purpose: The Liquid Limit test measures the water content at which a soil changes from a plastic state to a liquid state. This is crucial for understanding the consistency and behavior of the soil when subjected to varying moisture conditions.

⏺- Significance: It helps in classifying soils (e.g., according to the Unified Soil Classification System) and is important for assessing the soil's suitability for construction projects. High liquid limits indicate soils that may be more challenging to work with, as they can become very fluid when wet.

🔰2. Plastic Limit (PL) Test:

⏺- Purpose: The Plastic Limit test determines the water content at which a soil transitions from a plastic state to a semi-solid state. It indicates the moisture level at which the soil can no longer be deformed without breaking.

⏺- Significance: The Plastic Limit is used alongside the Liquid Limit to calculate the Plasticity Index (PI), which is a measure of the plasticity of the soil.

❇️This information is vital for predicting the behavior of soil under load and its sensitivity to changes in moisture content.

📜Together, the LL and PL tests provide critical insights into the engineering properties of soils, aiding in the design and analysis of foundations, earth structures, and other geotechnical applications.

@etconp