👉የወላይታ ሶዶ ከተማ የቶፖግራፊ ካርታ ዝግጅት
🏷የወላይታ አውራጃ ካርታ እንዲነሣ እና የሰባቱ ወረዳዎች ይዞታ በካርታው ላይ እንዲሰፍር ካደረግሁ በኋላ፣ ለሶዶ ከተማ ዘመናዊ ማስተር ኘላን ወደ ማዘጋጀት ዕቅዴ ገባሁ፡፡
ለሶዶ ከተማ ዘመናዊ ማስተር ፕላን እንዲዘጋጅ ማድረግ የከተማዋ ዕድገት በዕቅድ እንዲመራ ያግዛል፡፡ ለዚህ ሥራ ደግሞ አስቀድሞ የቶፖግራፊ ካርታ መዘጋጀት አለበት፡፡
የቶፖግራፊ ካርታውን ለማዘጋጀት ሰርቬየሮች ከአገር ግዛት ሚኒስቴር የማዘጋጃ ቤቶች ክፍል እንዲሰጡኝ ብጠይቅ ግን ፈቃደኛ ሳይሆኑ ቀሩ፡፡ለአስተዳደሩም ሆነ ለሕዝቡ አመች እንዲሆን አውራጃውን በአዲስ መልክ ለማዋቀር ከአገር ግዛት ሚኒስቴር ፈቃደኝነት ሳጣ፣ ቀደም ብሎ የአውራጃውን ካርታ በማንሳት ወደ ተባበሩኝ መሥሪያ ቤቶችና ድርጅቶች ፊቴን አዞርኩኝና እንዳለፈው ጊዜ ሁሉ የሥራ ሰዓት ሳይጠብቁና ቅዳሜ፣ እሁድ፣ የበዓል ቀን ሳይሉ፣ ለሶዶ ከተማ ማስተር አጠናቀቁልን፡፡
ባለሙያዎቹ የሕዝብና ቤት ቆጠራውን ስለአካሄዱልን እንዲሁም ፕላን ሥራ አስፈላጊ የሆነውን የቶፖግራፊ ካርታ ሥራ በአጭር ጊዜ ውስጥ ሌሎች ብዙ የልማት ሥራዎችን በዕቅድ ለማከናወን የሚያስፈልገውንና ለልማት ሥራ መሠረት የሆነውን የአውራጃውንም ሆነ የሶዶ ከተማን ካርታ ስላነሱልንና ለወላይታ አውራጃ ልማት ከፍ ያለ አስተዋፅኦ ስላደረጉ ባለውለታዎች ናቸው፡፡ በጊዜው ምስጋና ያቀረብኩላቸው ቢሆንም እዚህ ላይ ስማቸው ሲጠራ እንዲኖር ደግሜ አመሰግናቸዋለሁ፡፡
ሥራውን አጠናቀው ሲያስረክቡንም አብረው የመሐንዲስ የሥራ መሣሪያዎችን ጭምር ለግሰውናል፡፡
የመሐንዲስ የሥራ መሣሪያዎቹን ልገሳ ያደረጉልን፣ የውኃ ልማት መሥሪያ ቤት ሄጄ የካርታ ሥራ ባለሙያዎቹን ርዳታ በጠየኩበት ወቅት ከዕቃ ግምጃ ቤታቸው የመግባት እድል አጋጥሞኝ ነበር፡፡ መሥሪያ ቤቱ በርዳታ ያገኛቸው ብዙ የቅየሳ መሣሪያዎች(ቴዎዶላይቶች፣ ጃሎዎች፣ ስታድያዎችና ባለመቶ ሃምሳና ሰላሳ ሜትር፣ አደጋ የሚችሉ እና ለገጠር ሥራ አገልግሎት የተሠሩ ጥቅል ሜትሮች) የዕቃ ግምጃ ቤቱን ያጨናነቁት መሆኑንም አይቼ ነበር፡፡ ስለዚህ የውሀ ልማት ባለሙያዎች ወደ አውራጃው ይዘዋቸው የሄዱትን የቅየሳ መሣሪዎች እዛው ለአውራጃው ግዛት ለልማት ሥራ አገልግሎት እንዲውሉ፣ ያንበሳ ልመና ጋማ ይዞ እንደሚባለው ሆኜ ሥራው ሲያልቅ መሣሪያዎቹን ሁሉ ትተውልን እንዲሄዱ አድርጌያለሁ፡፡
የባለሙያዎቹ ኃላፊ የነበረው ስሙን የዘነጋሁት መሐንዲስ እስከቅርብ ጊዜ ድረስ ባየኝ ቁጥር «ባገለገልን ፈንታ መሣሪያዎቻችንን ነጥቀህ አባረርከን›› እያለ በውስጠ ወይራ ቀልድ እየወቀሰኝ እንሳሳቅ ነበር፡፡ የቅየሳ መሣሪያዎቻቸውም በወላይታ አውራጃ ለወረዳ ከተማዎች መንገዶች ቅየሳ እንዲሁም በአበላና በሌ ለሰፈሩት ጭሰኞች ለአንድ ሰው አምስት ሄክታር (250 በ200 ሜትር) መሬት እየሸነሸኑ ለመስጠት አገልግለውናል፡፡ በተጨማሪም የሲዳሞ ጠቅላይ ግዛት ምክትል አስተዳዳሪ በነበርኩበት ጊዜ ከዲላ እስከ ሞያሌ : ባለው ኢንተርናሽናል መንገድ ላይ ላሉ ከተሞች ቶፖግራፊ ካርታ ለማዘጋጀት ለቅየሳ ሥራ ተጠቅመንባቸዋል፡፡ የውኃ ልማት መሥሪያ ቤት በባለሙያዎች ብቻ ሳይሆን በቅየሳ መሣሪዎችም ርዳታ ስላበረከተልን ከፍ ያለ ምስጋና ይገባዋል፡፡
▼ሕይወቴ ፤ ደጃዝማች ወልደሰማዕት ገብረወልድ ፣ 262-3
Via Ethiopian History and Tourism
@etconp
🏷የወላይታ አውራጃ ካርታ እንዲነሣ እና የሰባቱ ወረዳዎች ይዞታ በካርታው ላይ እንዲሰፍር ካደረግሁ በኋላ፣ ለሶዶ ከተማ ዘመናዊ ማስተር ኘላን ወደ ማዘጋጀት ዕቅዴ ገባሁ፡፡
ለሶዶ ከተማ ዘመናዊ ማስተር ፕላን እንዲዘጋጅ ማድረግ የከተማዋ ዕድገት በዕቅድ እንዲመራ ያግዛል፡፡ ለዚህ ሥራ ደግሞ አስቀድሞ የቶፖግራፊ ካርታ መዘጋጀት አለበት፡፡
የቶፖግራፊ ካርታውን ለማዘጋጀት ሰርቬየሮች ከአገር ግዛት ሚኒስቴር የማዘጋጃ ቤቶች ክፍል እንዲሰጡኝ ብጠይቅ ግን ፈቃደኛ ሳይሆኑ ቀሩ፡፡ለአስተዳደሩም ሆነ ለሕዝቡ አመች እንዲሆን አውራጃውን በአዲስ መልክ ለማዋቀር ከአገር ግዛት ሚኒስቴር ፈቃደኝነት ሳጣ፣ ቀደም ብሎ የአውራጃውን ካርታ በማንሳት ወደ ተባበሩኝ መሥሪያ ቤቶችና ድርጅቶች ፊቴን አዞርኩኝና እንዳለፈው ጊዜ ሁሉ የሥራ ሰዓት ሳይጠብቁና ቅዳሜ፣ እሁድ፣ የበዓል ቀን ሳይሉ፣ ለሶዶ ከተማ ማስተር አጠናቀቁልን፡፡
ባለሙያዎቹ የሕዝብና ቤት ቆጠራውን ስለአካሄዱልን እንዲሁም ፕላን ሥራ አስፈላጊ የሆነውን የቶፖግራፊ ካርታ ሥራ በአጭር ጊዜ ውስጥ ሌሎች ብዙ የልማት ሥራዎችን በዕቅድ ለማከናወን የሚያስፈልገውንና ለልማት ሥራ መሠረት የሆነውን የአውራጃውንም ሆነ የሶዶ ከተማን ካርታ ስላነሱልንና ለወላይታ አውራጃ ልማት ከፍ ያለ አስተዋፅኦ ስላደረጉ ባለውለታዎች ናቸው፡፡ በጊዜው ምስጋና ያቀረብኩላቸው ቢሆንም እዚህ ላይ ስማቸው ሲጠራ እንዲኖር ደግሜ አመሰግናቸዋለሁ፡፡
ሥራውን አጠናቀው ሲያስረክቡንም አብረው የመሐንዲስ የሥራ መሣሪያዎችን ጭምር ለግሰውናል፡፡
የመሐንዲስ የሥራ መሣሪያዎቹን ልገሳ ያደረጉልን፣ የውኃ ልማት መሥሪያ ቤት ሄጄ የካርታ ሥራ ባለሙያዎቹን ርዳታ በጠየኩበት ወቅት ከዕቃ ግምጃ ቤታቸው የመግባት እድል አጋጥሞኝ ነበር፡፡ መሥሪያ ቤቱ በርዳታ ያገኛቸው ብዙ የቅየሳ መሣሪያዎች(ቴዎዶላይቶች፣ ጃሎዎች፣ ስታድያዎችና ባለመቶ ሃምሳና ሰላሳ ሜትር፣ አደጋ የሚችሉ እና ለገጠር ሥራ አገልግሎት የተሠሩ ጥቅል ሜትሮች) የዕቃ ግምጃ ቤቱን ያጨናነቁት መሆኑንም አይቼ ነበር፡፡ ስለዚህ የውሀ ልማት ባለሙያዎች ወደ አውራጃው ይዘዋቸው የሄዱትን የቅየሳ መሣሪዎች እዛው ለአውራጃው ግዛት ለልማት ሥራ አገልግሎት እንዲውሉ፣ ያንበሳ ልመና ጋማ ይዞ እንደሚባለው ሆኜ ሥራው ሲያልቅ መሣሪያዎቹን ሁሉ ትተውልን እንዲሄዱ አድርጌያለሁ፡፡
የባለሙያዎቹ ኃላፊ የነበረው ስሙን የዘነጋሁት መሐንዲስ እስከቅርብ ጊዜ ድረስ ባየኝ ቁጥር «ባገለገልን ፈንታ መሣሪያዎቻችንን ነጥቀህ አባረርከን›› እያለ በውስጠ ወይራ ቀልድ እየወቀሰኝ እንሳሳቅ ነበር፡፡ የቅየሳ መሣሪያዎቻቸውም በወላይታ አውራጃ ለወረዳ ከተማዎች መንገዶች ቅየሳ እንዲሁም በአበላና በሌ ለሰፈሩት ጭሰኞች ለአንድ ሰው አምስት ሄክታር (250 በ200 ሜትር) መሬት እየሸነሸኑ ለመስጠት አገልግለውናል፡፡ በተጨማሪም የሲዳሞ ጠቅላይ ግዛት ምክትል አስተዳዳሪ በነበርኩበት ጊዜ ከዲላ እስከ ሞያሌ : ባለው ኢንተርናሽናል መንገድ ላይ ላሉ ከተሞች ቶፖግራፊ ካርታ ለማዘጋጀት ለቅየሳ ሥራ ተጠቅመንባቸዋል፡፡ የውኃ ልማት መሥሪያ ቤት በባለሙያዎች ብቻ ሳይሆን በቅየሳ መሣሪዎችም ርዳታ ስላበረከተልን ከፍ ያለ ምስጋና ይገባዋል፡፡
▼ሕይወቴ ፤ ደጃዝማች ወልደሰማዕት ገብረወልድ ፣ 262-3
Via Ethiopian History and Tourism
@etconp
👍16❤5👏2
👉tension and compression play crucial roles in its structural integrity:
💫Compression: Concrete is inherently strong in compression.
⏺This means it can withstand significant compressive forces without failing.
⏺When a load is applied to a concrete structure, the concrete primarily handles the compressive stresses.
💫Tension: Concrete, however, is weak in tension.
It tends to crack and fail under tensile stresses.
⏺To counteract this, steel reinforcement (rebar) is embedded within the concrete.
⏺Steel is strong in tension, so it absorbs the tensile forces that the concrete cannot handle
@etconp
💫Compression: Concrete is inherently strong in compression.
⏺This means it can withstand significant compressive forces without failing.
⏺When a load is applied to a concrete structure, the concrete primarily handles the compressive stresses.
💫Tension: Concrete, however, is weak in tension.
It tends to crack and fail under tensile stresses.
⏺To counteract this, steel reinforcement (rebar) is embedded within the concrete.
⏺Steel is strong in tension, so it absorbs the tensile forces that the concrete cannot handle
@etconp
❤10👍4
👉በግንባታ ወቅት ለሚደርሱ አደጋዎች ከአልሚዎች በተጨማሪ የዘርፉ አማካሪዎች እና የስነ ሕንጻ -ንድፍ ባለሙያዎች ተጠያቂ እየተደረጉ መሆኑ ተገለጸ
🚧በግንባታ ወቅት የሚደርሱ አደጋዎችን ለመከላከል እና የሕንጻ ደረጃን ለማስጠበቅ ከአልሚዎች በተጨማሪ የዘርፉ አማካሪዎችንና የስነ ሕንጻ -ንድፍ ባለሙያዎች ተጠያቂ የማድረግ ሥራ እየተሰራ መሆኑን የአዲስ አበባ ከተማ አስተዳደር ግንባታ ፈቃድ ቁጥጥር ባለስልጣን አስታውቋል፡፡
የባለስልጣኑ ምክትል ዋና ዳይሬክተር አቶ ገዛህኝ ደሲሳ፤ ረዘም ያለን ጊዜን በሥራ ላይ በመቆየት እና አብሮ በመስራት በሚፈጠር ትውውቅ፤ በግንባታ የሥራ ሂደት ላይ ክፍተት እንዳይፈጠር በዘርፉ ባለሙያዎች፣ በአልሚዎች እና በስነ ሕንጻ -ንድፍ ሙያተኞች ላይ ድንገተኛ የሆነ ቁጥጥር እየተካሄደ እንደሚገኝ ለአሐዱ ተናግረዋል፡፡
ምክትል ዋና ዳይሬክተሩ የአንድን ሕንጻ ከፍታው እንዲሁም ሕንጻው መገንባት ያለበት ቦታን በተመለከተ ባለስልጣን መስሪያ ቤቱ ከአልሚዎች ጋር ስምምነት እንደሚከናወን ገልጸዋል፡፡
አክለውም "ከስምምነት በኋላ ወደ ግንባታ በሚገባበት ወቅት ለአሊሚዎች ወይም ለዘርፉ ባለሙያዎች ፈቃድ በወሰዱበት የግንባታ መሠረት እንዲሁም ዲዛይን መሠረት የሕንጻ ግንባታ እንዲያከናውኑ በባስልጣን መስሪያ ቤቱ ቁጥጥር ይደረጋል" ብለዋል፡፡
በመሆኑም በተፈቀደው መሠረት ግንባታው እየተከናወነ ስለመሆኑ በዘርፉ ባለሙያ እና በአልሚዎች ላይ ድንገተኛ የሆነ የክትትል ሂደት እንደሚደረግ ገልጸዋል፡፡
ከዚህ ቀደም በአገልግሎት ላይ የነበረው የሕንጻ አዋጅ በባለስልጣኑ በሚከናወነው የቁጥጥር ሂደት ላይ እንደ ክፍተት የሚነሳ እንደነበር የገለጹም ሲሆን፤ ከአልሚዎች ውጪ ሌሎች በግንባታ ሂደቱ ተሳታፊ የሆኑ አካላት ተጠያቂ የማይኑበት ሁኔታ እንደነበር አስታውሰዋል፡፡
በአሁኑ ወቅት በተሻሻለው የአሰራር ሂደት ላይ በግንባታ ወቅት በሚከሰቱ አደጋዎች አልሚዎች ብቻ ሳይሆኑ የዘርፉ ባለሞያዎች እና ኮንትራክተሮች ተጠያቂ እየሆኑ እንደሚገኝ ተናግረዋል፡፡
የባለስልጣኑ ምክትል ዋና ዳይሬክተር እንደተናገሩት፤ በአሁኑ ሰዓት ረዘም ያለ ጊዜን በሥራ ላይ በማሳለፍ በአልሚዎች፣ በስነ ሕንጻ -ንድፍ ሙያተኞች እንዲሁም የዘርፉ ባለሙያዎች ላይ በሚፈጠር ትውውቅ ምክንያት፤ በሥራ ሂደቱ ላይ ክፍተቶች እንዳይፈጠር ድንገተኛ የሆነ ምልከታ በግንባታ ቦታ ላይ እየተከናወነ ይገኛል፡፡
አክለውም በክትትል የሥራ ሂደት ላይ ከፍቃድ ውጪ ግንባታዎች ተከናውነው ከተስተዋሉ በአልሚዎች ላይ የገንዘብ ቅጣት እንዲሁም በስነ ሕንጻ -ንድፍ ሙያተኞች እና በዘርፉ ባለሙያዎች ላይ ፍቃድ እስከ መሰረዝ የሚደርስ እርምጃ እየተወሰደ እንደሚገኝ ለአሐዱ ገልጸዋል፡፡
አቶ ገዛሕኝ ጥፋተኛ ሆነው በተገኙ አልሚዎች ላይ እስከ 6 ሚሊየን ብር የሚደርስ ቅጣት የሚጣልበት ሁኔታ እንደነበር አስታውሰው፤ በአሁኑ ወቅት በ2016 ዓ.ም ወደ ትግበራ በተገባው የሕንጻ አዋጅ ማሻሻያ እስከ 65 ሚሊየን ብር ቅጣት ስለመጣሉ አስታውቀዋል፡፡
በወር ከ100 በላይ የሚሆኑ ሰዎች በግንባታ ወቅት ላይ በሚደርሱ አደጋዎች ምክንያት ቅሬታ ያቀርቡ እንደነበር የገለጹም ሲሆን፤ በሚወሰዱ እርምጃዎች የቅሬታ አቅራቢዎችን አሃዛዊ ቁጥር መቀነስ ስለመቻሉም ተናግረዋል፡፡
Via አሐዱ ሬዲዮ
@etconp
🚧በግንባታ ወቅት የሚደርሱ አደጋዎችን ለመከላከል እና የሕንጻ ደረጃን ለማስጠበቅ ከአልሚዎች በተጨማሪ የዘርፉ አማካሪዎችንና የስነ ሕንጻ -ንድፍ ባለሙያዎች ተጠያቂ የማድረግ ሥራ እየተሰራ መሆኑን የአዲስ አበባ ከተማ አስተዳደር ግንባታ ፈቃድ ቁጥጥር ባለስልጣን አስታውቋል፡፡
የባለስልጣኑ ምክትል ዋና ዳይሬክተር አቶ ገዛህኝ ደሲሳ፤ ረዘም ያለን ጊዜን በሥራ ላይ በመቆየት እና አብሮ በመስራት በሚፈጠር ትውውቅ፤ በግንባታ የሥራ ሂደት ላይ ክፍተት እንዳይፈጠር በዘርፉ ባለሙያዎች፣ በአልሚዎች እና በስነ ሕንጻ -ንድፍ ሙያተኞች ላይ ድንገተኛ የሆነ ቁጥጥር እየተካሄደ እንደሚገኝ ለአሐዱ ተናግረዋል፡፡
ምክትል ዋና ዳይሬክተሩ የአንድን ሕንጻ ከፍታው እንዲሁም ሕንጻው መገንባት ያለበት ቦታን በተመለከተ ባለስልጣን መስሪያ ቤቱ ከአልሚዎች ጋር ስምምነት እንደሚከናወን ገልጸዋል፡፡
አክለውም "ከስምምነት በኋላ ወደ ግንባታ በሚገባበት ወቅት ለአሊሚዎች ወይም ለዘርፉ ባለሙያዎች ፈቃድ በወሰዱበት የግንባታ መሠረት እንዲሁም ዲዛይን መሠረት የሕንጻ ግንባታ እንዲያከናውኑ በባስልጣን መስሪያ ቤቱ ቁጥጥር ይደረጋል" ብለዋል፡፡
በመሆኑም በተፈቀደው መሠረት ግንባታው እየተከናወነ ስለመሆኑ በዘርፉ ባለሙያ እና በአልሚዎች ላይ ድንገተኛ የሆነ የክትትል ሂደት እንደሚደረግ ገልጸዋል፡፡
ከዚህ ቀደም በአገልግሎት ላይ የነበረው የሕንጻ አዋጅ በባለስልጣኑ በሚከናወነው የቁጥጥር ሂደት ላይ እንደ ክፍተት የሚነሳ እንደነበር የገለጹም ሲሆን፤ ከአልሚዎች ውጪ ሌሎች በግንባታ ሂደቱ ተሳታፊ የሆኑ አካላት ተጠያቂ የማይኑበት ሁኔታ እንደነበር አስታውሰዋል፡፡
በአሁኑ ወቅት በተሻሻለው የአሰራር ሂደት ላይ በግንባታ ወቅት በሚከሰቱ አደጋዎች አልሚዎች ብቻ ሳይሆኑ የዘርፉ ባለሞያዎች እና ኮንትራክተሮች ተጠያቂ እየሆኑ እንደሚገኝ ተናግረዋል፡፡
የባለስልጣኑ ምክትል ዋና ዳይሬክተር እንደተናገሩት፤ በአሁኑ ሰዓት ረዘም ያለ ጊዜን በሥራ ላይ በማሳለፍ በአልሚዎች፣ በስነ ሕንጻ -ንድፍ ሙያተኞች እንዲሁም የዘርፉ ባለሙያዎች ላይ በሚፈጠር ትውውቅ ምክንያት፤ በሥራ ሂደቱ ላይ ክፍተቶች እንዳይፈጠር ድንገተኛ የሆነ ምልከታ በግንባታ ቦታ ላይ እየተከናወነ ይገኛል፡፡
አክለውም በክትትል የሥራ ሂደት ላይ ከፍቃድ ውጪ ግንባታዎች ተከናውነው ከተስተዋሉ በአልሚዎች ላይ የገንዘብ ቅጣት እንዲሁም በስነ ሕንጻ -ንድፍ ሙያተኞች እና በዘርፉ ባለሙያዎች ላይ ፍቃድ እስከ መሰረዝ የሚደርስ እርምጃ እየተወሰደ እንደሚገኝ ለአሐዱ ገልጸዋል፡፡
አቶ ገዛሕኝ ጥፋተኛ ሆነው በተገኙ አልሚዎች ላይ እስከ 6 ሚሊየን ብር የሚደርስ ቅጣት የሚጣልበት ሁኔታ እንደነበር አስታውሰው፤ በአሁኑ ወቅት በ2016 ዓ.ም ወደ ትግበራ በተገባው የሕንጻ አዋጅ ማሻሻያ እስከ 65 ሚሊየን ብር ቅጣት ስለመጣሉ አስታውቀዋል፡፡
በወር ከ100 በላይ የሚሆኑ ሰዎች በግንባታ ወቅት ላይ በሚደርሱ አደጋዎች ምክንያት ቅሬታ ያቀርቡ እንደነበር የገለጹም ሲሆን፤ በሚወሰዱ እርምጃዎች የቅሬታ አቅራቢዎችን አሃዛዊ ቁጥር መቀነስ ስለመቻሉም ተናግረዋል፡፡
Via አሐዱ ሬዲዮ
@etconp
❤7👍4
Which type of cement is most commonly used in civil engineering construction?
Anonymous Quiz
95%
Portland cement
1%
White cement
3%
Rapid hardening cement
2%
Sulfate-resisting cement
❤20👍10
What is the main purpose of a foundation in construction?
Anonymous Quiz
4%
To support the walls of a building
93%
To transfer the load of the building to the ground
2%
To enhance the aesthetic appeal of the building
0%
To provide insulation against heat and cold
❤19👍14
ታምራት ፕሌት እና ጄቦልት አቅራቢ
👉ከ አባይ ግድብ እስከ ኮሪደር ልማት
ከግለሰብ ቤቶች እስከ ተቋማት እና
መጋዘኖች በሁሉም የኢትዮጽያ ክፍል
አሻራችንን አሳርፈናል
🔰ምን ይፈልጋሉ?
✂️ላሜራ መቁረጫ ÷ ማጠፊያ እና መብሻ ማሽኖች አሉን
🔗ፌሮ (ቶንዲኖ) ጥርስ ማስበጀት ወይንም ማሳጠፍ ካሰቡ ለሱም ማሽኑ በጃችን ነዉ
📐ማንኛዉንም የሞደፊክ ስራዎችን የሚሰሩ ብቁ ባለሙያዎችም አሉን
☎️ይደዉሉልን ያማክሩን
📍ኢትዮጵያ ዉስጥ የትም እንልክሎታለን
አድራሻችን፦
ቁ.1 መርካቶ
ቁ.2 ተክለሀይማኖት
ቁ.3 አየር ጤና
0904040477
0911016833
👉ከ አባይ ግድብ እስከ ኮሪደር ልማት
ከግለሰብ ቤቶች እስከ ተቋማት እና
መጋዘኖች በሁሉም የኢትዮጽያ ክፍል
አሻራችንን አሳርፈናል
🔰ምን ይፈልጋሉ?
✂️ላሜራ መቁረጫ ÷ ማጠፊያ እና መብሻ ማሽኖች አሉን
🔗ፌሮ (ቶንዲኖ) ጥርስ ማስበጀት ወይንም ማሳጠፍ ካሰቡ ለሱም ማሽኑ በጃችን ነዉ
📐ማንኛዉንም የሞደፊክ ስራዎችን የሚሰሩ ብቁ ባለሙያዎችም አሉን
☎️ይደዉሉልን ያማክሩን
📍ኢትዮጵያ ዉስጥ የትም እንልክሎታለን
አድራሻችን፦
ቁ.1 መርካቶ
ቁ.2 ተክለሀይማኖት
ቁ.3 አየር ጤና
0904040477
0911016833
🎉3👍2🙏1
👉Structural Elements of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC)
⭐️Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) is a composite material that combines the high compressive strength of concrete with the high tensile strength of steel.
⏺This combination allows RCC structures to withstand various loads and stresses, making them a popular choice in modern construction.
📜Here are the key structural elements of RCC:
🚧1. Slabs
Slabs are horizontal elements that form the floors and roofs of buildings.
They are typically made of reinforced concrete and provide a platform for occupants and their belongings.
Slabs can carry both gravity loads and lateral loads.
🚧2. Beams
Beams are horizontal structural members that distribute the load from the floors and walls to the columns.
They provide support and help maintain the structural integrity of the building.
Beams transfer loads from the slab to the columns.
🚧3. Columns
Columns are vertical structural elements that support the floors and transfer the load to the foundation.
They are strategically placed throughout the building and can be subjected to axial loads or moments.
🚧4. Footings or Foundations
Footings are pads or strips that support columns and spread their load directly to the soil.
The foundation is the base of the building that supports the entire structure.
It is usually made of reinforced concrete to provide stability and distribute the load to the ground.
🚧5. Walls
Walls are vertical plate elements that resist gravity as well as lateral loads.
They separate rooms and provide structural stability to the building.
In RCC construction, walls can be load-bearing or non-load-bearing, depending on their purpose.
🚧6. Frames
Frames are structural members that consist of a combination of slabs, beams, and columns.
They provide a skeleton for the building and ensure its stability.
🚧7. Stairs and Elevator Shafts
Stairs and elevator shafts provide vertical circulation within the building.
They are constructed using reinforced concrete to ensure strength and durability.
🚧8. Reinforcement
Reinforcement consists of steel bars (rebars) or mesh embedded within the concrete elements.
Reinforcing steel provides tensile strength to counteract the low tensile strength of concrete and helps in preventing cracking and structural failure.
@etconp
⭐️Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) is a composite material that combines the high compressive strength of concrete with the high tensile strength of steel.
⏺This combination allows RCC structures to withstand various loads and stresses, making them a popular choice in modern construction.
📜Here are the key structural elements of RCC:
🚧1. Slabs
Slabs are horizontal elements that form the floors and roofs of buildings.
They are typically made of reinforced concrete and provide a platform for occupants and their belongings.
Slabs can carry both gravity loads and lateral loads.
🚧2. Beams
Beams are horizontal structural members that distribute the load from the floors and walls to the columns.
They provide support and help maintain the structural integrity of the building.
Beams transfer loads from the slab to the columns.
🚧3. Columns
Columns are vertical structural elements that support the floors and transfer the load to the foundation.
They are strategically placed throughout the building and can be subjected to axial loads or moments.
🚧4. Footings or Foundations
Footings are pads or strips that support columns and spread their load directly to the soil.
The foundation is the base of the building that supports the entire structure.
It is usually made of reinforced concrete to provide stability and distribute the load to the ground.
🚧5. Walls
Walls are vertical plate elements that resist gravity as well as lateral loads.
They separate rooms and provide structural stability to the building.
In RCC construction, walls can be load-bearing or non-load-bearing, depending on their purpose.
🚧6. Frames
Frames are structural members that consist of a combination of slabs, beams, and columns.
They provide a skeleton for the building and ensure its stability.
🚧7. Stairs and Elevator Shafts
Stairs and elevator shafts provide vertical circulation within the building.
They are constructed using reinforced concrete to ensure strength and durability.
🚧8. Reinforcement
Reinforcement consists of steel bars (rebars) or mesh embedded within the concrete elements.
Reinforcing steel provides tensile strength to counteract the low tensile strength of concrete and helps in preventing cracking and structural failure.
@etconp
👍14❤8
👉Here are 10 key facts about cement:
⏺1.Binder: Cement is a substance that hardens to bind materials together.
⏺2.Main type: Portland cement is the most common type, used in concrete and mortar.
⏺3. Production: Cement production is energy-intensive and releases CO2.
⏺4. Concrete strength: Concrete excels in compression but is weak in tension.
⏺5.Ongoing hardening: Concrete continues to strengthen over time.
⏺6.Widely used: Concrete is the most used man-made material globally.
⏺7.Ancient use: Romans used concrete-like materials in construction.
⏺8.Cement vs. concrete: Cement is the powder, concrete is the final mix.
⏺9.Types: Various cement types exist for different applications.
⏺10.Storage: Cement needs dry storage to avoid moisture damage.
@etconp
⏺1.Binder: Cement is a substance that hardens to bind materials together.
⏺2.Main type: Portland cement is the most common type, used in concrete and mortar.
⏺3. Production: Cement production is energy-intensive and releases CO2.
⏺4. Concrete strength: Concrete excels in compression but is weak in tension.
⏺5.Ongoing hardening: Concrete continues to strengthen over time.
⏺6.Widely used: Concrete is the most used man-made material globally.
⏺7.Ancient use: Romans used concrete-like materials in construction.
⏺8.Cement vs. concrete: Cement is the powder, concrete is the final mix.
⏺9.Types: Various cement types exist for different applications.
⏺10.Storage: Cement needs dry storage to avoid moisture damage.
@etconp
👍11❤3🥰3
👉Small article about Cement
💫Cement is a fundamental building material that acts as a binding agent.
🚧It's a fine powder that, when mixed with water, undergoes a chemical reaction that causes it to harden and bind other materials together.
🏷Composition:
- Cement is primarily made from limestone (calcium carbonate), clay, and other minerals.
- These raw materials are heated in a kiln at very high temperatures, transforming them into a substance called "clinker."
- The clinker is then ground into a fine powder, and gypsum is added to regulate the setting time.
🌟How it works:
- When cement is mixed with water, a chemical reaction called hydration occurs.
- This reaction causes the cement to harden and bind aggregate materials like sand, gravel, or crushed stone together.
- The result is a strong, durable material known as concrete.
📜Types of cement:
- There are various types of cement, each with specific properties tailored for different applications.
- Portland cement is the most common type, used in general construction.
❇️* Other types include:
- High-strength cement: For projects requiring high load-bearing capacity.
- Rapid-hardening cement: For situations where quick setting is needed.
- Low-heat cement: For massive structures like dams, where heat generation during hardening is a concern.
- Sulfate-resistant cement: For applications exposed to sulfates, which can damage concrete.
🎲Uses of cement:
* Cement is a crucial component of:
- Concrete: A mixture of cement, water, and aggregates.
- Mortar: A mixture of cement, water, and sand, used for bonding bricks or stones.
- Grout: A thin mixture of cement, water, and sometimes sand, used to fill gaps and cracks.
@etconp
💫Cement is a fundamental building material that acts as a binding agent.
🚧It's a fine powder that, when mixed with water, undergoes a chemical reaction that causes it to harden and bind other materials together.
🏷Composition:
- Cement is primarily made from limestone (calcium carbonate), clay, and other minerals.
- These raw materials are heated in a kiln at very high temperatures, transforming them into a substance called "clinker."
- The clinker is then ground into a fine powder, and gypsum is added to regulate the setting time.
🌟How it works:
- When cement is mixed with water, a chemical reaction called hydration occurs.
- This reaction causes the cement to harden and bind aggregate materials like sand, gravel, or crushed stone together.
- The result is a strong, durable material known as concrete.
📜Types of cement:
- There are various types of cement, each with specific properties tailored for different applications.
- Portland cement is the most common type, used in general construction.
❇️* Other types include:
- High-strength cement: For projects requiring high load-bearing capacity.
- Rapid-hardening cement: For situations where quick setting is needed.
- Low-heat cement: For massive structures like dams, where heat generation during hardening is a concern.
- Sulfate-resistant cement: For applications exposed to sulfates, which can damage concrete.
🎲Uses of cement:
* Cement is a crucial component of:
- Concrete: A mixture of cement, water, and aggregates.
- Mortar: A mixture of cement, water, and sand, used for bonding bricks or stones.
- Grout: A thin mixture of cement, water, and sometimes sand, used to fill gaps and cracks.
@etconp
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👉ከዛሬ ጀምሮ ተግባራዊ የሚሆን የወንዞች ዳርቻ ልማትና ብክለት መከላከል ደንብ ይፋ ሆነ።
ከዛሬ ጀምሮ ተግባራዊ የሚሆን የወንዞች ዳርቻ ልማትና ብክለት መከላከል ደንብ ይፋ መሆኑን የአዲስ አበባ አስተዳደር የደንብ ማስከበር ባለስልጣን አስታወቀ።
በአዲስ አበባ የሚገኙ ወንዞችን ለከተማዋ ነዋሪዎች ምቹና የመዝናኛ ቦታ እንዲሆኑ ለማድረግ ያግዝ ዘንድ የወንዞች ዳርቻ ልማት እና ብክለት መከላከል ደንብ ቁጥር 180/2017 ይፋ ሆኗል።
ደንቡን በተመለከተ በአዲስ አበባ ከተማ አስተዳደር የአካባቢ ጥበቃ ባለሥልጣን፣ የደንብ ማስከበር ባለሥልጣን እና የከተማ ውበትና አረንጓዴ ልማት ቢሮ በየደረጃው ለሚገኙ አመራሮች፣ አስተባባሪዎች እና ባለሙያዎች የግንዛቤ ማሥጨበጫ ስልጠና አካሂደዋል።
ምንጭ:- በአዲስ አበባ ከተማ አስተዳደር የከተማ ውበት እና አረንጓዴ ልማት ቢሮ።
@etconp
ከዛሬ ጀምሮ ተግባራዊ የሚሆን የወንዞች ዳርቻ ልማትና ብክለት መከላከል ደንብ ይፋ መሆኑን የአዲስ አበባ አስተዳደር የደንብ ማስከበር ባለስልጣን አስታወቀ።
በአዲስ አበባ የሚገኙ ወንዞችን ለከተማዋ ነዋሪዎች ምቹና የመዝናኛ ቦታ እንዲሆኑ ለማድረግ ያግዝ ዘንድ የወንዞች ዳርቻ ልማት እና ብክለት መከላከል ደንብ ቁጥር 180/2017 ይፋ ሆኗል።
ደንቡን በተመለከተ በአዲስ አበባ ከተማ አስተዳደር የአካባቢ ጥበቃ ባለሥልጣን፣ የደንብ ማስከበር ባለሥልጣን እና የከተማ ውበትና አረንጓዴ ልማት ቢሮ በየደረጃው ለሚገኙ አመራሮች፣ አስተባባሪዎች እና ባለሙያዎች የግንዛቤ ማሥጨበጫ ስልጠና አካሂደዋል።
ምንጭ:- በአዲስ አበባ ከተማ አስተዳደር የከተማ ውበት እና አረንጓዴ ልማት ቢሮ።
@etconp
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👉While both cement grouting and jet grouting involve injecting a cement-based mixture into soil to improve its stability.
🏷the key difference is that jet grouting utilizes high-pressure jets to actively disrupt and mix the existing soil with the grout, creating a stronger, more cohesive soil column, whereas cement grouting primarily fills voids and cracks in the soil with a less aggressive injection method; making jet grouting more versatile for challenging soil conditions and larger scale ground improvement projects.
🧪 Comparison of Cement Grouting and Jet Grouting Techniques
💉 Cement Grouting Method:
• Injection process 💧
• Void-filling mechanism 🕳️
• Pressure-based application 🔄
• Permeability reduction 🚫
🌪️ Jet Grouting Technology
• Technical Process:
• High-pressure jets
• Soil-cement mixing
• Column formation
• In-situ reinforcement
⚡ Performance Capabilities:
• Jet grouting versatility
• Fine-grain soil effectiveness
• Uniform strength distribution
Via Yonatan Tadesse (PMP ®)
@etconp
🏷the key difference is that jet grouting utilizes high-pressure jets to actively disrupt and mix the existing soil with the grout, creating a stronger, more cohesive soil column, whereas cement grouting primarily fills voids and cracks in the soil with a less aggressive injection method; making jet grouting more versatile for challenging soil conditions and larger scale ground improvement projects.
🧪 Comparison of Cement Grouting and Jet Grouting Techniques
💉 Cement Grouting Method:
• Injection process 💧
• Void-filling mechanism 🕳️
• Pressure-based application 🔄
• Permeability reduction 🚫
🌪️ Jet Grouting Technology
• Technical Process:
• High-pressure jets
• Soil-cement mixing
• Column formation
• In-situ reinforcement
⚡ Performance Capabilities:
• Jet grouting versatility
• Fine-grain soil effectiveness
• Uniform strength distribution
Via Yonatan Tadesse (PMP ®)
@etconp
👍10❤3🔥2🙏1
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VIEW IN TELEGRAM
👉The characteristics of the seismic motion in a given site are also linked to the local litho-stratigraphic conditions; for a given earthquake, the site's response may differ.
⭐️Depending on the local litho-stratigraphic conditions, the seismic motion can be amplified, more or less strongly, or attenuated. Excellent demonstration by the University of Arkansas!
❇️This why the soil factor from the EN 1998 (Eurocode 8) uses different soil factors to compute the ground earth acceleration to compute the base shear the building might face.
@etconp
⭐️Depending on the local litho-stratigraphic conditions, the seismic motion can be amplified, more or less strongly, or attenuated. Excellent demonstration by the University of Arkansas!
❇️This why the soil factor from the EN 1998 (Eurocode 8) uses different soil factors to compute the ground earth acceleration to compute the base shear the building might face.
@etconp
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👉Foundation Design for Gravity and Embankment Dams
⭐️The design requirements for rock foundations of gravity and embankment dams involve ensuring stability against sliding and overturning, controlling differential deformation, and managing seepage and erosion.
❇️The specific efforts dedicated to these design tasks may vary based on the dam type and geological conditions of the foundation.
⏺Stability against sliding is a primary concern for both the foundation itself and the interface between the dam and the foundation.
⏺This is particularly important for gravity dams compared to earth-fill dams.
⏺Overturning is only relevant for gravity dams, where tensile stresses at the heel and high compressive stresses at the toe can develop due to moments.
🚧Calculating the factor of safety against sliding and overturning involves specific methods.
@etconp
⭐️The design requirements for rock foundations of gravity and embankment dams involve ensuring stability against sliding and overturning, controlling differential deformation, and managing seepage and erosion.
❇️The specific efforts dedicated to these design tasks may vary based on the dam type and geological conditions of the foundation.
⏺Stability against sliding is a primary concern for both the foundation itself and the interface between the dam and the foundation.
⏺This is particularly important for gravity dams compared to earth-fill dams.
⏺Overturning is only relevant for gravity dams, where tensile stresses at the heel and high compressive stresses at the toe can develop due to moments.
🚧Calculating the factor of safety against sliding and overturning involves specific methods.
@etconp
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👉As the frequency of earthquakes rise in Ethiopia, the urgency for stronger, more resilient infrastructure has never been clearer.
🚧Structural engineers are increasingly turning to the expertise of earthquake engineers, adapting their knowledge and advanced technologies to create buildings that can better withstand seismic forces.
⭐️The result is a growing focus on seismic-resistant construction, which plays a crucial role in protecting people, property, and infrastructure in earthquake-prone regions.
⏺Several innovative technologies and methods have been developed to improve the resilience of buildings to seismic forces.
▶️These approaches aim to reduce the impact of ground motion, prevent building collapse, and mitigate the long-term effects of an earthquake on communities.
⏺One of the most groundbreaking innovations in earthquake engineering is Base Isolation technology.
⏺This technique involves decoupling a building from the ground’s motion during an earthquake.
🏷By installing isolators—typically made of rubber and steel—between a building’s foundation and the ground, the building can move independently from the seismic forces.
▶️These isolators absorb the seismic energy, preventing it from transferring into the building structure.
⏺As a result, the building experiences much less motion and is less likely to suffer significant damage or collapse.
🏷Another critical element in seismic-resistant construction is the use of reinforced concrete and steel frame methods.
⏺These materials are ideal for withstanding lateral forces, which occur when seismic waves cause buildings to sway.
⏺Reinforced concrete, which includes steel bars embedded within the concrete, provides additional strength and flexibility, allowing the building to absorb and redistribute the forces generated by an earthquake.
🏷Moreover, damping systems are another essential tool in modern seismic design.
⏺These devices reduce the sway of buildings during an earthquake, minimizing the risk of structural damage.
⏺Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are large masses, often placed at the top of tall buildings, that move in opposition to the building’s sway.
⏺This counteracting motion helps to reduce the overall movement and keep the building stable.
📜In earthquake-prone regions, it is crucial to adopt building practices that prioritize the safety of people while minimizing the environmental impact of construction.
▶️By embracing innovations like base isolation, reinforced concrete and steel frames, and damping systems, cities can become more resilient to natural disasters while creating a sustainable future for their residents.
Via Yonatan Tadesse PMP®
@etconp
🚧Structural engineers are increasingly turning to the expertise of earthquake engineers, adapting their knowledge and advanced technologies to create buildings that can better withstand seismic forces.
⭐️The result is a growing focus on seismic-resistant construction, which plays a crucial role in protecting people, property, and infrastructure in earthquake-prone regions.
⏺Several innovative technologies and methods have been developed to improve the resilience of buildings to seismic forces.
▶️These approaches aim to reduce the impact of ground motion, prevent building collapse, and mitigate the long-term effects of an earthquake on communities.
⏺One of the most groundbreaking innovations in earthquake engineering is Base Isolation technology.
⏺This technique involves decoupling a building from the ground’s motion during an earthquake.
🏷By installing isolators—typically made of rubber and steel—between a building’s foundation and the ground, the building can move independently from the seismic forces.
▶️These isolators absorb the seismic energy, preventing it from transferring into the building structure.
⏺As a result, the building experiences much less motion and is less likely to suffer significant damage or collapse.
🏷Another critical element in seismic-resistant construction is the use of reinforced concrete and steel frame methods.
⏺These materials are ideal for withstanding lateral forces, which occur when seismic waves cause buildings to sway.
⏺Reinforced concrete, which includes steel bars embedded within the concrete, provides additional strength and flexibility, allowing the building to absorb and redistribute the forces generated by an earthquake.
🏷Moreover, damping systems are another essential tool in modern seismic design.
⏺These devices reduce the sway of buildings during an earthquake, minimizing the risk of structural damage.
⏺Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are large masses, often placed at the top of tall buildings, that move in opposition to the building’s sway.
⏺This counteracting motion helps to reduce the overall movement and keep the building stable.
📜In earthquake-prone regions, it is crucial to adopt building practices that prioritize the safety of people while minimizing the environmental impact of construction.
▶️By embracing innovations like base isolation, reinforced concrete and steel frames, and damping systems, cities can become more resilient to natural disasters while creating a sustainable future for their residents.
Via Yonatan Tadesse PMP®
@etconp
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If the maximum stress is positive, then the nature of stress is ____
Anonymous Quiz
43%
Tensile
11%
Shearing
32%
Compressive
13%
Bending
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Which type of cracks indicates the development of tension in concrete?
Anonymous Quiz
28%
Medium cracks
41%
Isolation crack
19%
D-cracking
12%
Crazing
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What is the primary function of shear reinforcement in RC beams?
Anonymous Quiz
4%
Improving durability
74%
Preventing shear failure
10%
Reducing deflection
12%
Enhancing flexural strength
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👉Moment of Inertia in Construction Engineering
⭐️A Key to Structural Stability
🚧The moment of inertia is a crucial property in structural engineering that defines a member's ability to resist bending and rotational forces.
🏷It directly depends on the shape, size, and material distribution within a cross-section.
⏺In Construction engineering applications,understanding and accurately calculating the moment of inertia is essential for designing beams, columns, slabs, and other structuralelements to ensure their strength, stability, and performance undervarious loads.
▶️By optimizing the moment of inertia, engineers can minimize deflections, enhance load-bearing capacity, and ensure efficient trial usage, leading to cost-effective and durable structures.
⏺Whether it's designing high-rise buildings or long-span bridges, thecorrect consideration of this property is fundamental to achievingstructural integrity and longevity.
⏺Key Benefits of Moment of Inertia Calculations:Improved structural performance and safety.
⏺Reduced material costs through optimization Enhanced deflection control and durability
❇️Understanding the moment of inertia is not just about calculations-it's about building safer and more efficient structures.
@etconp
⭐️A Key to Structural Stability
🚧The moment of inertia is a crucial property in structural engineering that defines a member's ability to resist bending and rotational forces.
🏷It directly depends on the shape, size, and material distribution within a cross-section.
⏺In Construction engineering applications,understanding and accurately calculating the moment of inertia is essential for designing beams, columns, slabs, and other structuralelements to ensure their strength, stability, and performance undervarious loads.
▶️By optimizing the moment of inertia, engineers can minimize deflections, enhance load-bearing capacity, and ensure efficient trial usage, leading to cost-effective and durable structures.
⏺Whether it's designing high-rise buildings or long-span bridges, thecorrect consideration of this property is fundamental to achievingstructural integrity and longevity.
⏺Key Benefits of Moment of Inertia Calculations:Improved structural performance and safety.
⏺Reduced material costs through optimization Enhanced deflection control and durability
❇️Understanding the moment of inertia is not just about calculations-it's about building safer and more efficient structures.
@etconp
👍10❤5