👉In construction, different types of joints are used to connect materials together, allowing for movement, stability, and aesthetic appeal.

📜Here are some common types of joints:

💫1. Butt Joint: This is the simplest type of joint where two pieces of material are joined end-to-end.

⏺It’s commonly used in woodworking and metalworking but can be weak without reinforcement.

💫2. Lap Joint: In a lap joint, two pieces of material overlap each other.

⏺This joint is stronger than a butt joint and is often used in framing and roofing.

💫3. Mitre Joint: This joint is formed by cutting two pieces of material at an angle, usually 45 degrees, so that they meet at a corner.

⏺It’s commonly used in picture frames and cabinetry to create a seamless appearance.

💫4. Dowel Joint: This involves using wooden dowels to connect two pieces of material.

⏺Holes are drilled into both pieces, and dowels are inserted for alignment and strength.

⏺It’s popular in furniture making.

💫5. Mortise and Tenon Joint: One piece has a cavity (mortise), while the other has a corresponding projection (tenon).

⏺This joint is strong and is often used in furniture and door frames.

💫6. Tongue and Groove Joint: One piece has a protruding edge (tongue) that fits into a corresponding groove on another piece.

⏺It’s commonly used in flooring and paneling for a snug fit.

💫7. Welded Joint: Used in metal construction, this joint is formed by melting and fusing two pieces of metal together.

⏺It provides a very strong bond and is widely used in structural steelwork.

💫8. Riveted Joint: This involves joining materials using rivets, which are metal pins that hold the pieces together.

⏺It’s often used in bridges and large structures.

💫9. Screwed Joint: This joint uses screws to hold pieces together.

⏺It’s versatile and can be easily disassembled, making it common in furniture assembly.

💫10. Expansion Joint: Used in structures to allow for movement due to thermal expansion or contraction, preventing damage.

⏺They are commonly found in bridges and large buildings.

🏷Each type of joint has its specific applications based on the requirements of strength, movement, and aesthetics in construction.

@etconp

👉በ3D ፕሪንቲንግ ቄንጠኛ ድልድዮች የሚገነቡላት ከተማ፤ ቬነስ

በአውሮፓ በከፍተኛ ደረጃ ከሚጎበኙ ቀዳሚ መዳረሻዎች መካከል አንዷ የሆነችው የጣልያኗ ቬነስ፣ የከፍተኛ ጎብኚ ቁጥር መዳረሻ ናት።

የከተማዋ ስፋት 7.6 ስኩዌር ኪሎ ሜትር ብቻ ቢሆንም በዓመት በአማካይ እስከ 28 ሚሊዮን ቱሪስቶችን ታስተናግዳለች።

ይህንን ከፍተኛ ቁጥር ያለውን ቱሪስት በምቾት ለማስተናገድ የከተማዋ አስተዳደር በዘመን አመጣሹ በ3D printing የግንባታ ዘይቤ ቄንጠኛ ድልድዮችን ለመገንባት እየተዘጋጀ ነው።

ስሪዲ ፕሪንቲንግ የግንባታ ቴክኖሎጂ፣ ለሕንፃ ግንባታ የሚውሉ የኮንክሪት ምንጣፎችን፣ ብሎኬቶችን በተፈለገው ቅርፅ፣ መጠን እና ስፋት በሦስት አውታር (3 dimension) እያተመ የሚያወጣ በቴክኖሎጂ የበለጸገ ማሽን ሲሆን፣ ቴክኖሎጂው ትላልቅ ሕንፃዎችን፣ መኖሪያ ቤቶችን፣ ቢሮዎችን፣ ድልድዮችን ወዘተ የመሳሰሉ ግንባታዎችን በፍጥነት ለመገንባት የሚያስችል ዘመን አመጣሽ መሳሪያ ወይም ማሽን ነው፡፡

የጣልያኗ ቬነስ ከተማ የተመሠረተችው ከክርስቶስ ልደት በኋላ በ5ኛው መቶ ክፍለ ዘመን ነው፤ ከተማዋ በመካከለኛው ዘመን የትልቅ ባህር ኃይል ባለቤት ከመሆንዋም በላይ፣ በአድሪያቲክ ባህር ውስጥ ያለው ስልታዊ አቀማመጧ በአውሮፓ እና በምስራቅ መካከል ያለውን የንግድ ልውውጥ እንድትቆጣጠር አስችሏት ነበር። ከተማዋ በንግድ በተለይም በቅመማ ቅመም፣ በሐር እና በቅንጦት ዕቃዎች ትታወቃለች።

ቬነስ በአስደናቂ እና ውብ ስነ-ሕንፃዋ ትታወቃለች። ከተማዋ እንደ ቅዱስ ማርቆስ ካቴድራል፣ የዶጌ ቤተ መንግሥት እና የሪያልቶ ድልድይን በመሳሰሉ ቅርሶች ያጌጠች ናት።

የከተማዋ ሰፊ የንግድ አውታሮች እና ዲፕሎማሲያዊ ግንኙነቶች በሜዲትራኒያን አካባቢ ከፍተኛ ተጽዕኖ እንድታሳድር አስችሏታል።

ቬነስ በባህላዊ እና ጥበባዊ እንቅስቃሴ ውስጥ ወሳኝ ሚና ተጫውታለች። እነዚህ ታሪካዊ እውነታዎች የቬነስን የጥበብ እና የባህል ማዕከልነት፣ በታሪኳ ወቅት ያሳየችውን አስደናቂ ዕድገት እና ተፅዕኖ ያጎላሉ።

ቬነስ በውስብስብ የቦይ እና የድልድይ ኔትወርኳ ትታወቃለች። ከእግር ጉዞ በተጨማሪ በከተማዋ ዋናው የመጓጓዣ ዘዴ ጀልባ ነው። “ጎንዶላስ” የከተማዋ ተምሳሌት የሆኑ የቬነስ ባህላዊ ጀልባዎች ናቸው። እነዚህ ጀልባዎች በዋናነት ለመጓጓዣ እና ለቱሪዝም ያገለግላሉ።

የቬነስ ከተማ ሐይቆቿን ጨምሮ በዓለም ቅርስነት በዩኔስኮ እውቅና አግኝተዋል። ከተማዋ በሚያማምሩ ቤተመንግሥቶች እና ሕንፃዎች የተሞላች በመሆኗ፣ በውሃ ላይ የተገነባች ድንቅ ከተማ ምሳሌ ተደርጋም ትወሰዳላች። ቬነስ ለዘመናት በዘለቀው የመስታወት አሰራር በተለይም በሙራኖ ደሴቷ ትታወቃለች።

በቬነስ ከተማ በሕዝብ አደባባዮች እርግቦችን መመገብ በሕግ የተከለከለ ሲሆን፤ ይህ ሕግ የከተማዋን ንፅህና ለመጠበቅ ያለመ ነው፤ ይህ ብቻም አይደለም፣ በቬነስ ቦይ ውስጥ መዋኘት የተከለከለ ነው። ይህም የህዝብን ደህንነት ለማረጋገጥ እና የቬነስ መሠረተ ልማት ወሳኝ አካል የሆኑትን ቦዮቹን ለመጠበቅ ነው።

በከተማዋ ሐውልቶች ወይም በታሪካዊ ቦታዎች ላይ መቀመጥ፣ መቆም ወይም መውጣት በጥብቅ የተከለከለ ነው። ይህ ሕግ ባህላዊ ቅርሶችን ለመጠበቅ እና በእነዚህ አስፈላጊ ምልክቶች ላይ ጉዳት እንዳይደርስ ለመከላከል እንደሆነም ይነገራል። እነዚህ ሕጎች የቬነስን ውበት፣ ታሪክ እና ልዩ አካባቢ ለመጠበቅ ይተገበራሉ።

ሌላኛው አስገራሚው ነገር ደግሞ በቬነስ ታሪካዊ ማዕከል ውስጥ ብስክሌት መንዳት አይፈቀድም። ምክንያቱም ጎብኚዎች ከተማዋን በእግር ወይም በጀልባ እንዲጎበኙ ለማበረታታት ነው።

በሌላ በኩል በከተማዋ በደረጃዎች፣ በድልድዮች ወይም በሕዝብ አደባባዮች ላይ መቀመጥ የተከለከለ ተግባር ነው። ይህ ሕግ የእግረኛ ትራፊክ ፍሰትን ለመቆጣር እና በተጨናነቁ አካባቢዎች አደጋ እንዳይፈጠር ለመከላከል ያለመ ነው።

በቬነስ ባለቤት የሌላቸውን እንስሳት በሕዝብ አደባባዮች መመገብ በሕግ የተከለከለ ነው። ይህ ሕግ በከተማዋ ባለቤት የሌላቸው እንስሳት እንዳይበራከቱ እና ከተማዋን እንዳያቆሽሹ ለመከላከል የተደነገገ ነው።

ቬነስን ለመጎብኘት ሲያስቡ እነዚህን ሕጎች ማወቅ እና ማክበር ቅድሚያ የሚሰጠው ተግባር ነው።

ከጥቂት ወራት በፊት የተባበሩት መንግሥታት የትምህርት፣ የሳይንስ እና የባሕል ድርጅት (ዩኔስኮ) የአየር ንብረት ለውጥ እና ከፍተኛ የጎብኚ ቁጥር ቬነስ ከተማ ላይ ሊቀለበስ የማይችል አደጋ ስለጋረጡ ከተማዋ ለአደጋ የተጋለጠች የዓለም ቅርስ ስፍራ ተብላ መመዝገብ አለባት ብሎ ነበር።

ድርጅቱ በአየር ንብረት ለውጥ ምክንያት የባሕር ጠለል ከፍታ መጨመር ለከተማዋ አስጊ ነው ያለ ሲሆን በጎብኚዎች ቁጥር መጨመር ምክንያት ሰማይ ጠቀስ ሕንጻዎች መገንባታቸው እንዲሁም የመሠረተ ልማቶች መስፋፋታ የከተማዋን ታሪካዊነት እና ውበት የሚያጠፋ ነው ይላል።

@etconp

👉Post-Tensioning Vs Pre-Tensioning in Construction

1. Definitions and Core Concepts:

- Prestressing: Both methods introduce compressive stresses into concrete to counteract future tensile loads. This enhances strength, reduces deflection, and minimizes cracking.
- Pre-Tensioning: Tendons (high-strength steel strands) are tensioned before concrete is poured. Stress is transferred via bond between steel and concrete after curing.
- Post-Tensioning: Tendons are tensioned after concrete has cured. Stress is transferred through end anchors, with optional grouting for bonding.

2. Process Sequence:
- Pre-Tensioning:

1. Tendons are stretched between two anchorages in a pre-tensioning bed.
2. Concrete is cast around the tensioned tendons.
3. After curing, tendons are released, transferring stress to the concrete via bond.
- Post-Tensioning:
1. Concrete is cast with ducts/sleeves embedded.
2. After curing, tendons are threaded through ducts and tensioned using hydraulic jacks.
3. Tendons are anchored at ends; ducts may be grouted for bonding.

3. Material and Structural Behavior:

- Tendon Bonding:
- Pre-Tension: Bonded directly to concrete; relies on steel-concrete adhesion.
- Post-Tension: Typically unbonded (coated with grease/sheathing) unless grouted. Stress transfer depends on anchors.
- Redundancy: Post-tensioning offers more redundancy if anchored properly, while pre-tensioning risks bond failure.

4. Applications:

- Pre-Tensioning: Ideal for mass-produced, standardized elements (e.g., precast beams, railway sleepers, hollow-core slabs).
- Post-Tensioning: Suited for on-site, custom projects requiring long spans (e.g., bridges, parking garages, high-rise slabs).

5. Infrastructure and Complexity:

- Pre-Tensioning: Requires a pre-tensioning bed/factory setup, making it capital-intensive but efficient for repetitive production.
- Post-Tensioning: Demands on-site expertise for duct placement, tensioning, and anchoring. More flexible for complex geometries.

6. Advantages and Disadvantages:

- Pre-Tensioning:
- *Pros*: Efficient for mass production, better quality control, no corrosion risk (bonded tendons).
- *Cons*: Limited to factory settings, less design flexibility.
- Post-Tensioning:
- *Pros*: Adaptable to on-site needs, allows longer spans, reduced dead load.
- *Cons*: Higher complexity, corrosion risk if grouting is inadequate, requires skilled labor.

7. Maintenance and Durability:

- Pre-Tensioning: Low maintenance due to bonded tendons but vulnerable to bond failure.
- Post-Tensioning: Unbonded tendons require corrosion protection (e.g., grease, sheathing). Grouted tendons need inspection for voids.

8. Summary of Key Differences:

| Aspect | Pre-Tensioning | Post-Tensioning |
|---------------------------|-----------------------------------|------------------------------------|
| Tension Timing | Before concrete casting | After concrete curing |
| Stress Transfer | Bond between steel and concrete | Anchors (and grout, if bonded) |
| Typical Use | Precast elements | On-site, custom structures |
| Bonding | Always bonded | Bonded (grouted) or unbonded |
| Infrastructure | Pre-tensioning bed/factory | Ducts, anchors, on-site equipment |

📜Conclusion: The choice between pre- and post-tensioning hinges on project scale, design flexibility, and production environment. Pre-tensioning excels in factory settings for standardized components, while post-tensioning offers versatility for complex, large-scale structures.

⏺Both methods significantly enhance concrete performance but require distinct technical approaches.

@etconp

👉 INTERCON Construction Chemicals 

● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat
● Concrete Repair Mortar
● Floor hardener, Epoxy
● Grout, Self-level mortar
● Quartz paint, Contextra
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers 
● Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials

Tel: 0961955555
Address: Signal, around signal mall

👉Bamboo Scaffolding

🚧Hong Kong is a jungle of concrete & steel. But look closely, and you’ll see an organic material that weaves itself through the cracks, up the walls, completely engulfing entire structures.

💫That material is bamboo, and Hong Kong is one of the last places in the world where it is still widely used as a building material, primarily for scaffolding.

⏺Bamboo is sustainable and cheaper to source.

⏺It is the fastest-growing plant on earth, with the ability to grow up to three feet a day, thanks to rhizomes, which are underground roots that help bamboo self-multiply.

⏺This means that a grove of bamboo can grow for up to 100 years.

⏺Compared to steel, bamboo is also a much lighter material.

▶️It’s 6x faster to put up and 12x faster to take down.

🏷If properly installed, bamboo can be stronger than steel & far more flexible.

@etconp

👉Top 3 Project Scheduling Software in Construction

💫Here’s a powerful breakdown of the most widely used project scheduling tools based on global usage, features, and industry preferences 👇
⸻

⭐️1. Primavera P6 (Oracle) 🥇

🔹 Industry: Construction, Oil & Gas, EPC, Power Plants, Infrastructure
🔹 Known For: Complex scheduling, resource planning & multi-project handling

🛠 Features:

✅ Critical Path Method (CPM)
✅ Resource & cost management
✅ Earned Value Management (EVM)
✅ Baselines & tracking
✅ Risk analysis + Monte Carlo
✅ ERP & BIM integration
✅ Primavera Cloud for collaboration
⸻

⭐️2. Microsoft Project (MSP) 📊

🔹 Industry: General Construction, Engineering, IT
🔹 Known For: User-friendly for small to mid-sized projects

🛠 Features:

✅ Gantt charts & milestones
✅ Basic resource tracking
✅ Dependencies & constraints
✅ MS Office & Power BI integration
✅ MS Project Online
⸻

⭐️3. Asta Powerproject 🇬🇧🏗️

🔹 Industry: Construction (UK & Europe), Civil
🔹 Known For: Ideal for linear, repetitive projects

🛠 Features:

✅ 4D BIM planning
✅ EVM & resource control
✅ Critical path analysis
⸻

Yonatan Tadesse (PMP)®️

@etconp

👉Concrete Grade Recomendations

🚧For a building construction, a concrete grade of C-25 or C-30 is generally recommended for structural elements like columns, beams, and slabs, ensuring adequate strength and durability. 

📜Here's a more detailed explanation:

💫C-25 Concrete

⏺This grade is commonly used for structural elements in high-rise buildings, offering a good balance of strength and workability. 

💫C-30 Concrete

⏺For structures requiring even higher strength, such as columns in tall buildings or areas with heavy loads, C-30 concrete is a suitable option.
 
💫C-20 Concrete

⏺While C20 concrete can be used for some residential applications, it may not be sufficient for the structural requirements of a  building, especially for columns and beams. 

🔰Factors influencing concrete grade selection:

❇️Load-bearing capacity

⏺Columns and beams in high-rise buildings need to withstand significant vertical loads, necessitating higher concrete grades. 

❇️Durability

⏺The concrete grade should be able to withstand the harsh environmental conditions and exposure to potential damage. 

❇️Design requirements

⏺The structural design of the building will dictate the required concrete grade for each element. 

🔰Factors Influencing Concrete Grade:

❇️Building Height

⏺Higher buildings require stronger concrete to withstand greater loads and potential seismic activity. 

❇️Exposure Conditions

⏺Addis Ababa's climate and potential for exposure to harsh weather conditions (e.g., rain, temperature fluctuations) necessitate a concrete grade with good durability. 

❇️Structural Requirements

⏺The specific structural elements (columns, beams, slabs) and their load-bearing capacity will also influence the required concrete grade. 

📍Example

▶️In a G+7 and above but limited buildings, you might use C25 concrete for slabs and beams, and C30 concrete for columns, which are critical load-bearing members. 

🎲Note

⏹C-40: Used in construction projects requiring high strength and durability, such as high-rise buildings, bridges, heavy-duty pavements, and industrial structures.

@etconp

👉ለግንባታዎች መጓተት ተጠያቂው ማነው?

🚧በኢትዮጵያ የመሠረተ ልማትና የሕንፃዎች ግንባታ በፈጣን ሁኔታ እየተስፋፋ ከመምጣቱ ጋር ተያይዞ፣ መንግሥት እና ባለሀብቶች ትላልቅ ፕሮጀክቶችን ለማስገንባት የሚመድቡት በጀትም የዛኑ ያህል እየጨመረ መጥቷል፡፡

ነገር ግን ለግንባታ የተመደበው በጀት ሳያንስ ወይም ለግንባታ የሚሆን የገንዘብ ዕጥረት ሳይገጥም፣ ግንባታዎች በተያዘላቸው የጊዜ ገደብ ውስጥ ያለመጠናቀቀቸው ጉዳይ እየተለመደ እና አሳሳቢ እየሆነ ነው፡፡

እንደ አለም አቀፍ የፕሮጀክት ማኔጅመንት ኢንስቲቲዩት (IPMI) መረጃ፣ ሁሉም ድርጅቶች የሥራ ሂደት እና የፕሮጀክት ዕቅድን አጣጥመው በመጓዝ የተነደፈውን ፕሮጀክት በተያዘለት ጊዜ እንዳያገባድዱ ከሚያደርጓቸው መንስኤዎች አምስቱ የሚከተሉት ናቸው ይላል፡፡ 

💫1. ችግሮችን ቀድሞ አለመረዳት

አብዛኛዎቹ ፕሮጀክቶች ዕቅዳቸው የሚሰናከለው በሥራ ሂደት ወደፊት ሊገጥማቸው የሚችለውን ችግር ቀደም ብለው መረዳት ባለመቻላቸው ነው፡፡ ለዚህ መንስኤ የሚሆነው፣ ፕሮጀክቶቹን በበላይነት በሚመሩት በዋናው ሥራ አስኪያጁ፣ በፕሮጀክት ማናጀሩ እና በቡድን መሪው መካከል ተከታታይ የሆነ እና ወቅቱን የጠበቀ የመረጃ ልውውጥ አለመኖሩ ነው፡፡

💫2. ግልፅነት የጎደለው የፕሮጀክት ግብ

የፕሮጀክቱ ማናጀር ወይም ሥራ አስኪያጁ፣ ስለፕሮጀክቱ ግብ እና አላማ ግልጽ የሆነ መረጃ እና የሥራ ሂደት መመሪያ አዘጋጅተው ወደ ሥራ ካልገቡ፣ ሁሉም በየፊናቸው ኃላፊነቱን ለመወጣት በሚያደርገው ሩጫ ሥራው ቅንጅት እንዲያጣ እና ሂደቱ እንዲስተጓጎል ያደርጋል፡፡

💫3. ተግባራዊ ክትትል የጎደለው ውሳኔ

የፕሮጀክት ሥራ አስፈፃሚዎች በግንባታ ቡድን መሪዎች እና በፕሮጀክት ማናጀሮች በተዋረደ የሚቀርብላቸውን ሰነድ እየፈረሙ፣ የዕቃ ግዥ እና የሥራ ቅጥር እንዲፈፀም ከማድረግ ባለፈ፣ በአካል ተገኝተው የግንባታውን ሂደት ስለማይከታተሉ ቅድሚያ የሚሰጣቸውን ጥሬ ቁሶች ወይም የግንባታ ማቴሪያሎችን መረዳት ይሳናቸዋል፡፡ በዚህም የተነሣ የማያስፈልግ ክምችት፣ አላስፈላጊ እጥረት እንዲከሰት እና የፕሮጀክቱ ሂደት እንዲጓተት ያደርጋል፡፡

💫4. ለግንባታ መጣደፍ

የፕሮጀክት ግንባታውን በየዘርፉ የሚያካሄድ የግንባታ ቡድን ሳያዋቅሩ፣ የፕሮጀክቱን ግንባታ ተጣድፎ መጀመር እና መጣደፍ፣ አስፈላጊውን ባለሙያ እና የገንዘብ አቅርቦት በተፈለገ ጊዜ ለማግኘት ሂደቱን ያስተጓጉላል፡፡

💫5. የመረጃ ልውውጥ ክፍተት 

በፕሮጀክት ግንባታም ሆነ በማንኛውም መስክ ጊዜውን እና ወቅቱን የጠበቀ የመረጃ ልውውጥ ማድረግ ወሳኝ የመሆኑን ጉዳይ ማንም አይዘነጋውም፡፡ ይሁንና በፕሮጀክቱ የሥራ ኃላፊዎች እና የግንባታ ቡድኖች መካከል የሚደረግ የመረጃ ልውውጥ በኢሜይል ወይም በስልክ ግንኘነት የሚካሄድ በመሆኑ፣ መረጃው ለሁሉም ባለድርሻ አካላት ተደራሽ እንዳይሆን እና በእያንዳንዱ የኢ-ሜይል ሳጥን ውስጥ ተቆልፎ እንዲቀር ያደርጋል፡፡ በሥራ ሂደት፣ አንድ አስፈላጊ የሥራ አመራር ወይም ባለሙያ ወደ ፕሮጀክቱ ሲቀላቀልም የሚያገኘው መረጃ የተበታተነ እና ቅንጅነት የሌለው ስለሚሆን በፍጥነት ወደ ሥራው መቀላቀል ይሳነዋል፡፡ የነዚህ ድምር ውጤት ደግሞ ፕሮጀክቱ በተያዘለት የጊዜ ገደብ እንዳይጠናቀቅ ያደርገዋል፡፡  

@etconp

👉አሁናዊ ህንጻ ነዳፊ

🏷ፋሲል ጊዮርጊስ ታዋቂ ኢትዮጵያዊ ህንጻ ነዳፊ፣ መምህር እና የቅርስ ጥበቃ ባለሙያ ሲሆን መስቀል አደባባይ የሚገኘው የቀይ ሽብር ሰማዕታት ቤተመዘክር ታዋቂ ከሆኑ የእጅ ስራዎቹ መካከል ይጠቀሳል።

⏺ፋሲል ከአያሌ የቅርስ ጥበቃ ስራዎች ጀርባ ያለ አንጋፋ ባለሙያ ሲሆን በተለያዩ አለምአቀፍ የህንጻ ንድፍ ዳኝነት ኮሚቴዎች ውስጥም ያገለግላል።

⏺ከዚህም በላይ ብዙ የሁለተኛ እና የፒኤችዲ ዲግሪ መመረቅያ ወረቀቶችንም በመፈተን ምሁራዊ ግዴታውን ይወጣል።

▶️በኢትዮጵያ አርክቴክቶች ማህበርም ውስጥ ለብዙ ግዜያት ያለመታከት በተለያዩ የሀላፊነት ቦታዎች ውስጥ እያገለገለ የሚገኝ ሲሆን ኪነህንጻን በተመለከተ በሚደረጉ ከተማዊም ሆኑ አገራዊ ስብሰባዎች ላይ ዘወትር በንቃት ይካፈላል ለወጣቶችም ከካበተ ልምዱ ሳይሰስት ያካፍላል።

⏺ባለተሰጥኦ የስዕል ባለሙያም ሲሆን ከሶስት አስርት አመታት ገደማ በፊት የተዋጣላቸው የስዕል አውደርዕዮችን ያሳይ ነበር።

💫ፋሲል ያንን ለግዜው ቸል ያለውን የስዕል ስጦታውን ለህዝብ እንደገና ያወጣው ዘንድ የብዙ ሰዎች የዘወትር ምኞት ነው።

Via ethiopian architecture and urban

@etconp

ታምራት  ፕሌት እና ጄቦልት አቅራቢ

📌ፕሌትና ጄቦልት በፈለጉት አይነት የተዘጋጀ አለን

✂️ላሜራ መቁረጫ መብሻና  ማጠፊያ ማሽኖች አሉን

🔗ፌሮ (ቶንዲኖ) ጥርስ እናበጃለን እንዲሁም እናጥፋለን

📐ማንኛዉንም የሞደፊክ ስራዎችን እንሰራለን

📍ኢትዮጵያ ዉስጥ የትም እንልክሎታለን

አድራሻችን፦ ቁ.1 አዉቶብስ ተራ(መሳለሚያ)
                    ቁ.2 መርካቶ
                    ቁ.3 ተክለሀይማኖት

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👉A runaway truck ramp, runaway truck lane, escape lane, safety ramp, emergency escape ramp, or truck arrester bed is a traffic device that enables vehicles which are having braking problems to stop safely.

💫It is typically a long, sand- or gravel-filled lane connected to a steep downhill grade section of a main road, and is designed to accommodate large trucks or buses.

⏺It allows a moving vehicle's kinetic energy to be dissipated gradually in a controlled and relatively harmless way, helping the operator stop it safely.

@etconp

👉In buckling, when we have a bi-articulated column, we deal with the so-called ideal buckling.

💫In this case, we use a formula without adjustment coefficients for the physical behavior of the column under study.

⏺And when we don't have this pair of links? What do we do?

⭐️We use a special coefficient to adapt the mathematical result to what happens in reality considering a different configuration of the links.

▶️And how much is this coefficient worth? Well, it depends on which link we have at each end of the column and can receive the values ​​that I put in this didactic table that I made for you!

@etconp

👉Did you know that statically indeterminate structures are structures that can not be resolved by the equations of static equilibrium.

@etconp

👉DIFFERENT COLORS OF HELMETS AND THEIR OWNERS IN CONSTRUCTION SITES

💫On a construction site, different colored helmets are used to identify the roles and responsibilities of personnel.

🚧Below are general guides and identifications:
‎
‎1. WHITE HELMETS AND GREY ⚪:

‎- Site Managers, Engineers, and Supervisors typically wear white helmets.
‎
‎- They are responsible for overseeing the project, ensuring safety, and managing personnel.
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‎2. YELLOW HELMETS 🟡:

‎- Laborers, Workers, and Construction Staff often wear yellow helmets.
‎
‎- They are involved in the physical construction work, such as building, demolishing, and maintaining structures.
‎
‎3. ORANGE HELMETS 🟠:

‎- Safety Officers, Safety Inspectors, and Quality Control Personnel usually wear orange helmets.
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‎- They are responsible for ensuring safety protocols are followed, conducting inspections, and monitoring quality control.
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‎4. BROWN HELMETS 🟤 :

‎- Welders, high heat operators usually wear orange helmets.
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‎- They are responsible for fabrications, steel assembly, bolt and nut operators, melting and boiling operations and others welding and heat operations
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‎5. RED HELMETS 🔴:

‎- Fire Safety Officers, Emergency Response Team Members, and Security Personnel typically wear red helmets.
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‎- They are responsible for responding to emergencies, ensuring fire safety, and providing security services.
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‎6. BLUE HELMETS 🔵:

‎- Electricians, Plumbers, and Other Trade Specialists often wear blue helmets.
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‎- They are responsible for installing, maintaining, and repairing electrical, plumbing, and other systems.
‎
‎7. GREEN HELMETS 🟢:

‎- Safety Officers, New Employees, Trainees, and Visitors may wear green helmets.
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‎- They are often accompanied by experienced personnel and are learning the site's safety procedures.
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‎8. PINK HELMETS :🩷

‎- Female workers, usually wear this  helmet, it's also use as an additional helmet for some companies.
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📍‎NB: Some Companies might change this, but Above is of most.
     
@etconl