ታምራት  ፕሌት እና ጄቦልት አቅራቢ

📌ፕሌትና ጄቦልት በፈለጉት አይነት የተዘጋጀ አለን

♧ ሁሉን በአንድ ቦታ ለሁሉም ቅርብ

♧ ምስክራችን ስራችን

📍ኢትዮጵያ ዉስጥ የትም እንልክሎታለን

♧ ይደውሉልን ያማክሩን

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👉A Universal Testing Machine (UTM) is a type of equipment used to test the mechanical properties of materials, such as:

1. Tensile strength
2. Compressive strength
3. Flexural strength
4. Shear strength

UTMs apply controlled forces to materials, allowing for precise measurements and analysis.

Common applications include:

1. Material research and development
2. Quality control
3. Product testing
4. Failure analysis

UTMs are widely used in various industries, including:

1. Aerospace
2. Automotive
3. Construction
4. Manufacturing

Would you like to know more about UTMs or material testing?

@etconp

👉Understanding Final Accounts in Construction Contracts

💫A final account is a critical component of construction contracts, representing the culmination of the contract sum and incorporating all necessary adjustments.

⏺It signifies the agreed amount that the Employer will pay the Contractor for the completed works.

🚧Preparing for Final Accounts

The preparation of the final account occurs throughout the contract period. Financial statements prepared by the quantity surveyor will generally serve as the starting point for final account discussions. The professional quantity surveyor (PQS) should ensure that all contract instructions have been accounted for and that all other potential cost-related items are scheduled.

⭐️Key Components of Final Accounts

A final account typically includes:

* *Variable Costs*: Sums included within the contract sum that may be subject to change, such as provisional sums, approximate quantities, prime cost sums, and daywork allowances.
* *Variations*: Changes to the contract specifications or drawings, including additions, omissions, or modifications.
* *Loss and Expense*: Claims for loss and expense associated with extensions of time, including costs incurred due to delays or disruptions.
* *Fluctuations*: Financial adjustments made to the original contract prices to compensate for changes in pricing levels at a macro-economic level.
* *Risk Allowances*: Allowances for risks that may affect the project, including risks fully owned by the employer, risks owned and bought by the contractor, and transparent variable risk allowances.

*Final Account Meetings and Procedures*

The final account meetings are generally held between the contractor and the quantity surveyor, although it is not unusual for the project manager, the designer, or a representative from the employer to also attend. The meeting is an opportunity to exchange information and present methodologies for valuation of each variation in accordance with the contract.

*Statement of Final Accounts*

The statement of final account should include the following information:

* *Adjustment of Provisional Sums*: Any adjustments to provisional sums, including those that have been expended or omitted.
* *Adjustment of Prime Cost Sums*: Any adjustments to prime cost sums, including those that have been expended or omitted.
* *Adjustment of Provisional Quantities*: Any adjustments to provisional quantities, including those that have been remeasured or omitted.
* *Contract Instructions*: Any contract instructions that have been issued, including those that have been completed or omitted.
* *Anticipated Instructions*: Any anticipated instructions that have not yet been issued.
* *Fluctuations*: Any fluctuations that have been calculated, including those that have been added or deducted from the contract sum.
* *Loss and/or Expense*: Any loss and/or expense that has been claimed, including those that have been agreed or disputed.

*Timescales and Contractual Requirements*

The timescales for the agreement of the final account vary from contract to contract, with some being very prescriptive and others less so. The standard JCT contract, for example, states that the final account should be ascertained no later than 3 months after receipt by the architect/contract administrator of information supplied by the contractor.

*Best Practices for Final Accounts*

To ensure a smooth and successful final account process, parties should follow best practices, including:

* *Maintaining Accurate Records*: Maintaining accurate and detailed records of all variations, claims, and other contractual entitlements.
* *Regular Progress Meetings*: Holding regular progress meetings to discuss and agree on the project's financial status.
* *Collaborative Approach*: Adopting a collaborative approach to resolving disputes and claims, rather than relying on formal dispute resolution procedures.

@etconp

👉የቤቶች የግንባታ ዋጋ ግምት ሠንጠረዥ (በየሩብ ዓመቱ ሊሻሻል ይችላል)

🚧በአ.አ. የቤቶች ልማት ዋጋ ግምት መሰረትም G+9 - G+21 ያሉ ቤቶች 35,000 ብር በካሬ ይገመታል።

⏺ይህም የመሬት ዋጋ ወይም የሊዝ ዋጋ ን አይጨምርም::

💫በዚህም ግምት በባለ 1 መኝታ 72 ካሬ ታስቦ  2.5 ሚሊዬን ብር ይሆናል ማለት ነው::

@etconp

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