đEffective Tender Management: A Comprehensive Guide
đˇTender management is a critical process that requires careful planning, precise execution, and meticulous evaluation.
âşA well-managed tender process ensures that projects are awarded to the most suitable contractors, minimising risks and maximising value for money. In this article, we will delve into the intricacies of tender management, exploring best practices, common pitfalls, and expert advice.
đ§Unpriced Items: Clarification is Key*
âşWhen evaluating tenders, it's essential to address unpriced items. Bidders must clearly indicate whether costs are included in other items or omitted altogether. Leaving blank spaces is not advisable, as it may lead to confusion and disputes. Ensure that bidders provide explicit clarification on unpriced items to avoid potential issues.
đ§Post-Tender Clarifications: Verify and Confirm
âşPost-tender clarifications are crucial in ensuring the accuracy of bids. Verify genuine errors, confirm with bidders, and revise offers accordingly. This proactive approach prevents misunderstandings, guarantees transparency, and maintains the integrity of the tender process.
đ§Qualifications and Deviations: A Balanced Approach
âşWhen dealing with qualifications and deviations, refer to the Instruction to Tender (ITT). If the ITT allows qualifications, circulate them among bidders and obtain prices. This balanced approach ensures that all bidders have an equal opportunity to respond, promoting fairness and competition.
đ§Evaluating the Lowest Tender: A Cautionary Approach*
âşWhen faced with an unusually low tender, exercise caution. Verify that there are no arithmetical errors, and consider the bidder's reputation, resources, and financial position. A thorough evaluation will help determine whether the low tender is genuinely viable or a potential risk.
đ§Managing High Offers: A Strategic Response
âşIf all tenders received are significantly higher than the pre-tender estimate, reassess your estimation process. Consider value engineering, explore provisional sum sections, and engage with bidders to negotiate prices. A strategic response will help you navigate this challenging situation.
đBest Practices for Effective Tender Management
âş1. *Clear Communication*: Ensure proper communication among disciplines and with tenderers to avoid ambiguities.
âş2. *Risk Management*: Adopt suitable contract procurement methods, use standard forms of contracts, and balance risks among parties.
âş3. *Cash Flow Management*: Consider advance payments and material payments to support tenderers with weak cash flow statements.
âş4. *Evaluation Criteria*: Establish clear evaluation criteria, considering factors beyond just the lowest price.
âş5. *Documentation*: Maintain detailed records of the tendering process, including communications, clarifications, and evaluations.
đConclusion
âşEffective tender management is crucial for ensuring successful project outcomes. By following best practices, avoiding common pitfalls, and adopting a comprehensive approach, organisations can:
- Minimise risks and disputes
- Maximise value for money
- Foster fair competition and transparency
- Build strong relationships with contractors and stakeholders
âĄď¸Remember, tender management is a complex process that requires careful planning, precise execution, and meticulous evaluation. By embracing these principles, you'll be well on your way to achieving successful project outcomes.
@etconp
đˇTender management is a critical process that requires careful planning, precise execution, and meticulous evaluation.
âşA well-managed tender process ensures that projects are awarded to the most suitable contractors, minimising risks and maximising value for money. In this article, we will delve into the intricacies of tender management, exploring best practices, common pitfalls, and expert advice.
đ§Unpriced Items: Clarification is Key*
âşWhen evaluating tenders, it's essential to address unpriced items. Bidders must clearly indicate whether costs are included in other items or omitted altogether. Leaving blank spaces is not advisable, as it may lead to confusion and disputes. Ensure that bidders provide explicit clarification on unpriced items to avoid potential issues.
đ§Post-Tender Clarifications: Verify and Confirm
âşPost-tender clarifications are crucial in ensuring the accuracy of bids. Verify genuine errors, confirm with bidders, and revise offers accordingly. This proactive approach prevents misunderstandings, guarantees transparency, and maintains the integrity of the tender process.
đ§Qualifications and Deviations: A Balanced Approach
âşWhen dealing with qualifications and deviations, refer to the Instruction to Tender (ITT). If the ITT allows qualifications, circulate them among bidders and obtain prices. This balanced approach ensures that all bidders have an equal opportunity to respond, promoting fairness and competition.
đ§Evaluating the Lowest Tender: A Cautionary Approach*
âşWhen faced with an unusually low tender, exercise caution. Verify that there are no arithmetical errors, and consider the bidder's reputation, resources, and financial position. A thorough evaluation will help determine whether the low tender is genuinely viable or a potential risk.
đ§Managing High Offers: A Strategic Response
âşIf all tenders received are significantly higher than the pre-tender estimate, reassess your estimation process. Consider value engineering, explore provisional sum sections, and engage with bidders to negotiate prices. A strategic response will help you navigate this challenging situation.
đBest Practices for Effective Tender Management
âş1. *Clear Communication*: Ensure proper communication among disciplines and with tenderers to avoid ambiguities.
âş2. *Risk Management*: Adopt suitable contract procurement methods, use standard forms of contracts, and balance risks among parties.
âş3. *Cash Flow Management*: Consider advance payments and material payments to support tenderers with weak cash flow statements.
âş4. *Evaluation Criteria*: Establish clear evaluation criteria, considering factors beyond just the lowest price.
âş5. *Documentation*: Maintain detailed records of the tendering process, including communications, clarifications, and evaluations.
đConclusion
âşEffective tender management is crucial for ensuring successful project outcomes. By following best practices, avoiding common pitfalls, and adopting a comprehensive approach, organisations can:
- Minimise risks and disputes
- Maximise value for money
- Foster fair competition and transparency
- Build strong relationships with contractors and stakeholders
âĄď¸Remember, tender management is a complex process that requires careful planning, precise execution, and meticulous evaluation. By embracing these principles, you'll be well on your way to achieving successful project outcomes.
@etconp
đ12â¤10
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âşá¨áááŁáł áááľ áááľ á ááľ á¨áááť áááŁáł áááŤááľ ááááá á áŤá áááťáá áááááŁáľ á¨ááŤáľá˝ááľ áááá ááľáááśá˝ áĽáá°á°áá á á¨á°áá (áááť) ášá á°á¨ááጠáááŁáł áĽáá˛áŤááľ áááľ ááľá áąá á¨áááá˝ ááľá¨á áááľ ááá˘
âşááá áááľ á°áá á á áá á ááá˝ 2(15) áĽá áĽáá°á°á áá°á á¨á ááľ áááť áá áᣠá áá˝áŁ áľááľ áĽá á áááľ á¨ááŤáłá áá áááťá á¨áá°áŤá áľá ááłááľ /ááĽá áľ/ áĽá á¨á áááŁáĽ áá´á á¨ááŤáłá ááľá ááá áá´á á˛áá á¨á ááá´áá¸áŤáᣠáľáľáŤáá¸áŤáᣠáłáá°áŞáŁ á¤áááľáŞáŤáᣠááŤááŤáᣠá¨áĽáłáľ áá¨áá¨á áĽá ááá˝ á áľááá áĽáŤáá˝á á¨ááŤáłá ááľá á¨ááŤáŤáľáľ áááľ ááá˘
@etconp
đá á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á¨áááť áĽáá ááĽá 624/20001 áĽá á áááľá´áŽá˝ ááá á¤áľ á°áἠááĽá 243/2003 (á ááá˝ 2(8)) áá°á¨áľáŚ
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@etconp
â¤13
đ INTERCON Construction Chemicals
â Concrete Admixtures
â Bonding Agents
â Waterproofings
â Wall Putty, Prime Coat
â Concrete Repair Mortar
â Floor hardener, Epoxy
â Grout, Self-level mortar
â Quartz paint, Contextra
â Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
â Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
Tel: 0961955555
Address: Signal, around signal mall
â Concrete Admixtures
â Bonding Agents
â Waterproofings
â Wall Putty, Prime Coat
â Concrete Repair Mortar
â Floor hardener, Epoxy
â Grout, Self-level mortar
â Quartz paint, Contextra
â Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
â Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
Tel: 0961955555
Address: Signal, around signal mall
â¤4đ1
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0904040477
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0904040477
0994941708
đ2
đTypes of Claims in Contract Law
đŤIn contract law, claims arise when one party fails to fulfill their obligations, causing losses or damages to the other party. There are three primary types of claims:
*Contractual Claims*
*General Claims/Legal Claims* and *Ex-Gratia Claims*.
đ§1. Contractual Claim*
A contractual claim occurs when a party breaches a contractual obligation, and the other party seeks compensation for losses and damages. To pursue a contractual claim, parties must follow the contractual procedures outlined in the agreement, such as:
- *Issuing notices*: Providing written notice to the breaching party within a specified timeframe, as stated in the contract.
- *Impact mitigation measures*: Taking steps to minimize the impact of the breach, such as finding alternative suppliers or contractors.
- *Maintaining contemporary records*: Keeping accurate and up-to-date records of the breach, including correspondence, meetings, and agreements.
For example, if a contractor fails to complete a project on time, the employer may claim damages for the delay, as specified in the contract.
đ§2. General Claim/Legal Claim*
A general claim, also known as a legal claim, is pursued under the country's general law when contractual remedies are insufficient or unavailable. This type of claim is decided based on the country's legal framework, rather than the contractual provisions.
For instance:
- *Seeking compensation for delay damages outside of contractual provisions*: If a contract does not include a delay damage clause, the employer may still claim compensation for damages under the country's general law.
đ§3. Ex-Gratia Claim*
An ex-gratia claim is a relief granted by the employer on a quantum meruit basis (i.e., as much as deserved). This type of claim is considered when:
- *No contractual or legal entitlement*: The contractor has no contractual or legal basis for claiming relief.
- *Employer's discretion*: The employer chooses to provide relief to the contractor as a gesture of goodwill or to maintain a positive working relationship.
For example:
- A contractor makes a mistake or error that results in additional costs or expenses.
- Despite being responsible for the mistake, the contractor requests relief from the employer.
- The employer, at their discretion, chooses to provide an ex-gratia payment to the contractor, despite having no contractual obligation to do so.
@etconp
đŤIn contract law, claims arise when one party fails to fulfill their obligations, causing losses or damages to the other party. There are three primary types of claims:
*Contractual Claims*
*General Claims/Legal Claims* and *Ex-Gratia Claims*.
đ§1. Contractual Claim*
A contractual claim occurs when a party breaches a contractual obligation, and the other party seeks compensation for losses and damages. To pursue a contractual claim, parties must follow the contractual procedures outlined in the agreement, such as:
- *Issuing notices*: Providing written notice to the breaching party within a specified timeframe, as stated in the contract.
- *Impact mitigation measures*: Taking steps to minimize the impact of the breach, such as finding alternative suppliers or contractors.
- *Maintaining contemporary records*: Keeping accurate and up-to-date records of the breach, including correspondence, meetings, and agreements.
For example, if a contractor fails to complete a project on time, the employer may claim damages for the delay, as specified in the contract.
đ§2. General Claim/Legal Claim*
A general claim, also known as a legal claim, is pursued under the country's general law when contractual remedies are insufficient or unavailable. This type of claim is decided based on the country's legal framework, rather than the contractual provisions.
For instance:
- *Seeking compensation for delay damages outside of contractual provisions*: If a contract does not include a delay damage clause, the employer may still claim compensation for damages under the country's general law.
đ§3. Ex-Gratia Claim*
An ex-gratia claim is a relief granted by the employer on a quantum meruit basis (i.e., as much as deserved). This type of claim is considered when:
- *No contractual or legal entitlement*: The contractor has no contractual or legal basis for claiming relief.
- *Employer's discretion*: The employer chooses to provide relief to the contractor as a gesture of goodwill or to maintain a positive working relationship.
For example:
- A contractor makes a mistake or error that results in additional costs or expenses.
- Despite being responsible for the mistake, the contractor requests relief from the employer.
- The employer, at their discretion, chooses to provide an ex-gratia payment to the contractor, despite having no contractual obligation to do so.
@etconp
â¤15đĽ2
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á áĽá
áá˝ áá áá áá¸á?
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Via Getabun Abate
@etconp
áá˘áľáŽáľáŤááŤá á áááááľ á°áŞáá˝ áá á¨á°ááá°á á˛áŁá á¨á˘áľáŽáľáŤ ááááľ áŤáá¸á ááá áľááá° á˘áľáŽáľáŤá á¨áá á áá áá á¨áá áĽáť áá::
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á¨áá á¨á°ááášáľ á á°á¨á᪠á¨á áá ááľáĽ á¨áĽáŤ á°ááŤáá˝ á¨áááłá°áŠáŁá¸á áĽáŤáá˝ áŤá¸áá á¨áĽáŤá á á áá áá á¨20% á¨ááŤááľ áá áŤááá áĽáŤ á áááľ á°ááŤáááľ ááĽáá áá á ááľá°á áá á áŤáľ á ááľá áľ ááá°áŤáľ áá´áł á¨áᥠá¨áá á á¨á¨áłá ááá á¨á°áŤáá ááĽáĽ á°á¨á᪠2% áአá áľá°áŤá¨áľ áá°á¨ááá¸áááĄáĄ
Via Getabun Abate
@etconp
â¤2đĽ2
đDIFFERENCES BETWEEN TRUE, SHEAR, AND COLLAPSE SLUMP CONE WITH THEIR APPLICATION⤾ď¸
đŤTRUE SLUMP
đ§1. CHARACTERISTICS: Uniform decrease in height, maintaining the shape of the cone.
đ§2. APPLICATION: Suitable for concrete with good workability and cohesion, often used in general construction projects.
đŤSHEAR SLUMP
đ§1. CHARACTERISTICS: Portion of the concrete shears off and slides down, indicating a lack of cohesion.
đ§2. APPLICATION: May indicate issues with mix design or excessive water content; often seen in concrete with poor workability.
đŤCOLLAPSE SLUMP
đ§1. CHARACTERISTICS: Concrete collapses completely, losing its shape.
đ§2. APPLICATION: Indicates high workability opr excessive water content; often used in applications requiring high flowability, such as self-compacting concrete.
đAPPLICATIONS
đ1. CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS: Slump tests help ensure concrete meets workability requirements.
đ2. MIX DESIGN: Slump tests aid in adjusting mix proportions to achieve desired workability.
đ3. QUALITY CONTROL: Regular slump tests help monitor concrete quality and detect potential issues.
âşBy understanding the differences between True slump, Shear slump, and Collapse slump tests, construction professionals can better assess concrete workability and make informed decisions.
@etconp
đŤTRUE SLUMP
đ§1. CHARACTERISTICS: Uniform decrease in height, maintaining the shape of the cone.
đ§2. APPLICATION: Suitable for concrete with good workability and cohesion, often used in general construction projects.
đŤSHEAR SLUMP
đ§1. CHARACTERISTICS: Portion of the concrete shears off and slides down, indicating a lack of cohesion.
đ§2. APPLICATION: May indicate issues with mix design or excessive water content; often seen in concrete with poor workability.
đŤCOLLAPSE SLUMP
đ§1. CHARACTERISTICS: Concrete collapses completely, losing its shape.
đ§2. APPLICATION: Indicates high workability opr excessive water content; often used in applications requiring high flowability, such as self-compacting concrete.
đAPPLICATIONS
đ1. CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS: Slump tests help ensure concrete meets workability requirements.
đ2. MIX DESIGN: Slump tests aid in adjusting mix proportions to achieve desired workability.
đ3. QUALITY CONTROL: Regular slump tests help monitor concrete quality and detect potential issues.
âşBy understanding the differences between True slump, Shear slump, and Collapse slump tests, construction professionals can better assess concrete workability and make informed decisions.
@etconp
â¤12đĽ°1
á¨ááááĽ_áááľá´á_áááŞáŤ_ááĽá_1063_2017.pdf
5.8 MB
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áááŞáŤá áľá á á ááá áŚá˛áľ áá ááá ?
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- á áľááľ áááá áá áľ áłááľ á¨áአá á á á á°á°áááá áá°á¨áľ á¨ááłáĽ áááἠá¨ááŤá áá˘áá á¨ááľáłáá áĽá áłááľ á¨áááá áá´áłáá áŤáá°áᣠááá á˛áłáá áĽá áá á áááł á¨á°ááŤáŠ áłááśá˝á á¨áááá¨áľ á˛ááá¤
- áá á áááľ áŚá˛áľ á áá°á¨á áá áŁáá áľ áá á¨á°áá áłááľ á¨áአá¨áá¸áá¸á á°áᢠáŤááá á áľáŤááśá˝ áŚá˛áą á ááá¸ááá¸á á ááá˝ áłááśá˝ áá ááá áá¤áľ áŤáá¸á ááá á˛áłáá á¤
- áłááľ á¨áአáŚá˛áľ áĽáá˛á°áá á˛á á¨á áĽá á áłááľ áŁááľááŁá á á ááá áŚá˛áľ á áľááá ááá á˛áłááá áľá¤
- á ááŁáĽááľ áŁáá¸á á ááá˝ á¨áłááľ á áá˝ á á°áááš ááá˝ ááááŤáśá˝á¤
- áłááľ á¨áአá ááĽáĽ áŚá˛áľ á°á°áá á á¨áŤáŤáŞ á¨áá áĽá á á áŹáł á˝/á¤áľ á áŠá á á ááá áŚá˛áľ áĽáá˛á°á¨á áľááá á˛á°áĽá¤ ... áá áááá˘
á¨áłááľ áŁááľááŁá á á ááá á á˛áľ á ááŤá¨áááá áľ áá áŚ
° á°áᢠáŤááá á¨ááłáĽ áľááľáŁ ááľááľá¤
° áá˘á ááłááľá¤
° á°áᢠáŤááá á¨áłááľ á á°áŤá¨á
° á áłááľ ááľáłáá፠ááá áľááľ á¨ááľ á¨á°áá¸á áá ááá¸áá áĽááľ áŤááááŠá ááá¨áááĽá¤ áááá ááá á¨á°áá°ááľá á¨áłááľ á áááśá˝ á áááá¨áľ áááá áĽá áĽáááľ áŤáá ááá፠ááľá¨á áĽááłáá áľ áááŞáŤá áá á°ááŻáá˘
áá á¨ááŁáŤáľ á°ááŁá á ááŁáĽááľ áĽáľáŤáá áľá¨áľ á¨á á áľááááá˝á á°á¨áľá ááá¸á áĽááłáá áľá ááááťáá˘
(áá áááŞáŤá á¨áá á°áŤááá)
@etconp
áááŞáŤá á¨áľáááľá á áľá˛áŤ ááᎠáľáŤ áá áááá˘
áááŞáŤá áľá á á ááá áŚá˛áľ áá ááá ?
á¨áłááľ áŁááľááŁá á á ááá áŚá˛áľ á¨ááŤá¨áááá áŚ
- á áľááľ áááá áá áľ áłááľ á¨áአá á á á á°á°áááá áá°á¨áľ á¨ááłáĽ áááἠá¨ááŤá áá˘áá á¨ááľáłáá áĽá áłááľ á¨áááá áá´áłáá áŤáá°áᣠááá á˛áłáá áĽá áá á áááł á¨á°ááŤáŠ áłááśá˝á á¨áááá¨áľ á˛ááá¤
- áá á áááľ áŚá˛áľ á áá°á¨á áá áŁáá áľ áá á¨á°áá áłááľ á¨áአá¨áá¸áá¸á á°áᢠáŤááá á áľáŤááśá˝ áŚá˛áą á ááá¸ááá¸á á ááá˝ áłááśá˝ áá ááá áá¤áľ áŤáá¸á ááá á˛áłáá á¤
- áłááľ á¨áአáŚá˛áľ áĽáá˛á°áá á˛á á¨á áĽá á áłááľ áŁááľááŁá á á ááá áŚá˛áľ á áľááá ááá á˛áłááá áľá¤
- á ááŁáĽááľ áŁáá¸á á ááá˝ á¨áłááľ á áá˝ á á°áááš ááá˝ ááááŤáśá˝á¤
- áłááľ á¨áአá ááĽáĽ áŚá˛áľ á°á°áá á á¨áŤáŤáŞ á¨áá áĽá á á áŹáł á˝/á¤áľ á áŠá á á ááá áŚá˛áľ áĽáá˛á°á¨á áľááá á˛á°áĽá¤ ... áá áááá˘
á¨áłááľ áŁááľááŁá á á ááá á á˛áľ á ááŤá¨áááá áľ áá áŚ
° á°áᢠáŤááá á¨ááłáĽ áľááľáŁ ááľááľá¤
° áá˘á ááłááľá¤
° á°áᢠáŤááá á¨áłááľ á á°áŤá¨á
° á áłááľ ááľáłáá፠ááá áľááľ á¨ááľ á¨á°áá¸á áá ááá¸áá áĽááľ áŤááááŠá ááá¨áááĽá¤ áááá ááá á¨á°áá°ááľá á¨áłááľ á áááśá˝ á áááá¨áľ áááá áĽá áĽáááľ áŤáá ááá፠ááľá¨á áĽááłáá áľ áááŞáŤá áá á°ááŻáá˘
áá á¨ááŁáŤáľ á°ááŁá á ááŁáĽááľ áĽáľáŤáá áľá¨áľ á¨á á áľááááá˝á á°á¨áľá ááá¸á áĽááłáá áľá ááááťáá˘
(áá áááŞáŤá á¨áá á°áŤááá)
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đá¨áአá¨á¨á°á ááľáá˝
đŤá á˛áľ á á ᣠááŤáł - 1958 á.á
âşReturned Peace Corps Ethiopia III Volunteers/Darrel & Betty Hagburg Photograph:
á Historic Ethiopia Through The Camera Lens 1860s-1990s
@etconp
đŤá á˛áľ á á ᣠááŤáł - 1958 á.á
âşReturned Peace Corps Ethiopia III Volunteers/Darrel & Betty Hagburg Photograph:
á Historic Ethiopia Through The Camera Lens 1860s-1990s
@etconp
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The length of a transition curve depends on the rate of change of
Anonymous Quiz
45%
Centrifugal acceleration
27%
Tangential acceleration
19%
Speed
8%
Distance
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The treatment that should be given to the water from a deep tube well is :
Anonymous Quiz
17%
pre-settling only
46%
coagulation and flocculation only
19%
filtration only
18%
disinfection only
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Which of the following methods of theodolite traversing is suitable for locating the details which are far away from transit stations?
Anonymous Quiz
24%
Measuring angle and distance from one transit station
31%
Measuring angles to the point from at least two station
22%
Measuring angle at one station and distance from other
24%
Measuring distance from two points on traverse line
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Which one of the following process is/are used for the permanent adjustment of a transit theodolite?
Anonymous Quiz
19%
Adjustment of the vertical axis
20%
Adjustment of plate level
57%
Both of the above
4%
None of the above
đ7â¤5đ1
Lateral torsional buckling will occur in:
Anonymous Quiz
16%
Beams whose compression flange is embedded in the slab
27%
Beams which are laterally restricted by horizontal bracings
42%
Beams which are laterally unsupported
15%
Beams whose web are restrained by lateral beams
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A continuous beam ABCDE is 12 m long, and contains 4 spans of 3 m each. The beam is loaded with uniformly distributed load of 4,000 kgf/m, throughout its length. The bending moment at A and Ewill be equal to
Anonymous Quiz
51%
zero
13%
6,000 kg f-m
26%
12,000 kg f-m
10%
3,000 kg f-m
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Bottom bars under the columns are extended into the interior of the footing slab to a distance greater than
Anonymous Quiz
26%
42 diameters from the centre of the column
21%
42 diameters from the inner edge of the column
32%
42 diameters from the outer edge of the column
21%
24 diameter from the centre of the column
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An R.C.C. beam not provided with shear reinforcement may develop cracks in its bottom inclined roughly to the horizontal at
Anonymous Quiz
15%
25°
9%
60°
64%
45°
12%
90°
đ14â¤5
distributed load, the ratio of the maximum negative to maximum positive radial moment, is
Anonymous Quiz
46%
1
34%
2
14%
3
6%
4
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đĽWhen a load is transferred through one surface to another surface in contact, the stress is known as:
Anonymous Quiz
18%
Tensile stress
36%
Compressive stress
38%
Shearing stress
8%
None of these
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The upstream slope of an earth dam under steady seepage condition is
Anonymous Quiz
23%
equipotential line
20%
phreaticline
20%
flow-line
37%
seepage line
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