đ INTERCON Construction Chemicals
â Concrete Admixtures
â Bonding Agents
â Waterproofings
â Wall Putty, Prime Coat
â Concrete Repair Mortar
â Floor hardener, Epoxy
â Grout, Self-level mortar
â Quartz paint, Contextra
â Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
â Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
Tel: 0961955555
Address: Signal, around signal mall
â Concrete Admixtures
â Bonding Agents
â Waterproofings
â Wall Putty, Prime Coat
â Concrete Repair Mortar
â Floor hardener, Epoxy
â Grout, Self-level mortar
â Quartz paint, Contextra
â Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
â Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
Tel: 0961955555
Address: Signal, around signal mall
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0994941708
đ2
đTypes of Claims in Contract Law
đŤIn contract law, claims arise when one party fails to fulfill their obligations, causing losses or damages to the other party. There are three primary types of claims:
*Contractual Claims*
*General Claims/Legal Claims* and *Ex-Gratia Claims*.
đ§1. Contractual Claim*
A contractual claim occurs when a party breaches a contractual obligation, and the other party seeks compensation for losses and damages. To pursue a contractual claim, parties must follow the contractual procedures outlined in the agreement, such as:
- *Issuing notices*: Providing written notice to the breaching party within a specified timeframe, as stated in the contract.
- *Impact mitigation measures*: Taking steps to minimize the impact of the breach, such as finding alternative suppliers or contractors.
- *Maintaining contemporary records*: Keeping accurate and up-to-date records of the breach, including correspondence, meetings, and agreements.
For example, if a contractor fails to complete a project on time, the employer may claim damages for the delay, as specified in the contract.
đ§2. General Claim/Legal Claim*
A general claim, also known as a legal claim, is pursued under the country's general law when contractual remedies are insufficient or unavailable. This type of claim is decided based on the country's legal framework, rather than the contractual provisions.
For instance:
- *Seeking compensation for delay damages outside of contractual provisions*: If a contract does not include a delay damage clause, the employer may still claim compensation for damages under the country's general law.
đ§3. Ex-Gratia Claim*
An ex-gratia claim is a relief granted by the employer on a quantum meruit basis (i.e., as much as deserved). This type of claim is considered when:
- *No contractual or legal entitlement*: The contractor has no contractual or legal basis for claiming relief.
- *Employer's discretion*: The employer chooses to provide relief to the contractor as a gesture of goodwill or to maintain a positive working relationship.
For example:
- A contractor makes a mistake or error that results in additional costs or expenses.
- Despite being responsible for the mistake, the contractor requests relief from the employer.
- The employer, at their discretion, chooses to provide an ex-gratia payment to the contractor, despite having no contractual obligation to do so.
@etconp
đŤIn contract law, claims arise when one party fails to fulfill their obligations, causing losses or damages to the other party. There are three primary types of claims:
*Contractual Claims*
*General Claims/Legal Claims* and *Ex-Gratia Claims*.
đ§1. Contractual Claim*
A contractual claim occurs when a party breaches a contractual obligation, and the other party seeks compensation for losses and damages. To pursue a contractual claim, parties must follow the contractual procedures outlined in the agreement, such as:
- *Issuing notices*: Providing written notice to the breaching party within a specified timeframe, as stated in the contract.
- *Impact mitigation measures*: Taking steps to minimize the impact of the breach, such as finding alternative suppliers or contractors.
- *Maintaining contemporary records*: Keeping accurate and up-to-date records of the breach, including correspondence, meetings, and agreements.
For example, if a contractor fails to complete a project on time, the employer may claim damages for the delay, as specified in the contract.
đ§2. General Claim/Legal Claim*
A general claim, also known as a legal claim, is pursued under the country's general law when contractual remedies are insufficient or unavailable. This type of claim is decided based on the country's legal framework, rather than the contractual provisions.
For instance:
- *Seeking compensation for delay damages outside of contractual provisions*: If a contract does not include a delay damage clause, the employer may still claim compensation for damages under the country's general law.
đ§3. Ex-Gratia Claim*
An ex-gratia claim is a relief granted by the employer on a quantum meruit basis (i.e., as much as deserved). This type of claim is considered when:
- *No contractual or legal entitlement*: The contractor has no contractual or legal basis for claiming relief.
- *Employer's discretion*: The employer chooses to provide relief to the contractor as a gesture of goodwill or to maintain a positive working relationship.
For example:
- A contractor makes a mistake or error that results in additional costs or expenses.
- Despite being responsible for the mistake, the contractor requests relief from the employer.
- The employer, at their discretion, chooses to provide an ex-gratia payment to the contractor, despite having no contractual obligation to do so.
@etconp
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á áĽá
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áá á áááľ áľáá áą á á˘áľáŽáľáŤ áá áá á¨áľ á¨á°ááá áĽá á/á/á¤áą á á˘áľáŽáľáŤ ááľáĽ á¨ááá á¨ááᣠá¨áľáá áą á áá˛áŽá ááá á¨áŤááłá áľááť á¨50% á áá á á˘áľáŽáľáŤááŤá á¨á°áŤá á¨ááᣠá¨áľáá áą á¨áłááŹáá°áŽá˝ áŚááľ á áŁááľ ááŤá¨á á¨50% á áá á˘áľáŽáľáŤááŤá á¨áá áĽá á¨áľáá áą ááá á áŤá°áá˝ ááŤá¨á á˘áŤááľ 30% á˘áľáŽáľáŤááŤá á¨áá áĽáť áááĄáĄ
á¨áá á ááľáá á á áá´áŤá ááááľáľ á¨áἠá áááá áááŞáŤ áááŤá 3 ááá 3 á ááá˝ 28 á¨ááááĽáľ á/á¤áśá˝ áá˘áľáŽáľáŤááŤá á¨ááá á áááááľ á°áŞáá˝ áĽá áĽáŤ á°ááŤáŽá˝ á á áá ááĽá 1333/2024 á ááá˝ 21(1)(á) á á°ááá á áá°á¨áľ áአá áľá°áŤá¨áľ ááľá áľ á ááŁá¸á ááááĄáĄ
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á¨áá á¨á°ááášáľ á á°á¨á᪠á¨á áá ááľáĽ á¨áĽáŤ á°ááŤáá˝ á¨áááłá°áŠáŁá¸á áĽáŤáá˝ áŤá¸áá á¨áĽáŤá á á áá áá á¨20% á¨ááŤááľ áá áŤááá áĽáŤ á áááľ á°ááŤáááľ ááĽáá áá á ááľá°á áá á áŤáľ á ááľá áľ ááá°áŤáľ áá´áł á¨áᥠá¨áá á á¨á¨áłá ááá á¨á°áŤáá ááĽáĽ á°á¨á᪠2% áአá áľá°áŤá¨áľ áá°á¨ááá¸áááĄáĄ
Via Getabun Abate
@etconp
áá˘áľáŽáľáŤááŤá á áááááľ á°áŞáá˝ áá á¨á°ááá°á á˛áŁá á¨á˘áľáŽáľáŤ ááááľ áŤáá¸á ááá áľááá° á˘áľáŽáľáŤá á¨áá á áá áá á¨áá áĽáť áá::
áá á áááľ áľáá áą á á˘áľáŽáľáŤ áá áá á¨áľ á¨á°ááá áĽá á/á/á¤áą á á˘áľáŽáľáŤ ááľáĽ á¨ááá á¨ááᣠá¨áľáá áą á áá˛áŽá ááá á¨áŤááłá áľááť á¨50% á áá á á˘áľáŽáľáŤááŤá á¨á°áŤá á¨ááᣠá¨áľáá áą á¨áłááŹáá°áŽá˝ áŚááľ á áŁááľ ááŤá¨á á¨50% á áá á˘áľáŽáľáŤááŤá á¨áá áĽá á¨áľáá áą ááá á áŤá°áá˝ ááŤá¨á á˘áŤááľ 30% á˘áľáŽáľáŤááŤá á¨áá áĽáť áááĄáĄ
á¨áá á ááľáá á á áá´áŤá ááááľáľ á¨áἠá áááá áááŞáŤ áááŤá 3 ááá 3 á ááá˝ 28 á¨ááááĽáľ á/á¤áśá˝ áá˘áľáŽáľáŤááŤá á¨ááá á áááááľ á°áŞáá˝ áĽá áĽáŤ á°ááŤáŽá˝ á á áá ááĽá 1333/2024 á ááá˝ 21(1)(á) á á°ááá á áá°á¨áľ áአá áľá°áŤá¨áľ ááľá áľ á ááŁá¸á ááááĄáĄ
áá á á˛áŁá á¨áá°á¨áá áአá áľá°áŤá¨áľ á áá áá á áá°á¨á ááľáľá áá áľ á áá¨á°áá áá á¨áľ á°ááá áá°á¨á á áá áľáĄáĄ ááááŁáł áĽáŤ áĽá áááá á áááááľ ááĽáá˝ á áááłá°áŠá áľ áá áľ 7.5% á¨á á ááá á¨á¨á¨áł áá¤áą á°á°á᪠áááŤá¸áá áááľ áááĄáĄ
á¨áá á¨á°ááášáľ á á°á¨á᪠á¨á áá ááľáĽ á¨áĽáŤ á°ááŤáá˝ á¨áááłá°áŠáŁá¸á áĽáŤáá˝ áŤá¸áá á¨áĽáŤá á á áá áá á¨20% á¨ááŤááľ áá áŤááá áĽáŤ á áááľ á°ááŤáááľ ááĽáá áá á ááľá°á áá á áŤáľ á ááľá áľ ááá°áŤáľ áá´áł á¨áᥠá¨áá á á¨á¨áłá ááá á¨á°áŤáá ááĽáĽ á°á¨á᪠2% áአá áľá°áŤá¨áľ áá°á¨ááá¸áááĄáĄ
Via Getabun Abate
@etconp
â¤2đĽ2
đDIFFERENCES BETWEEN TRUE, SHEAR, AND COLLAPSE SLUMP CONE WITH THEIR APPLICATION⤾ď¸
đŤTRUE SLUMP
đ§1. CHARACTERISTICS: Uniform decrease in height, maintaining the shape of the cone.
đ§2. APPLICATION: Suitable for concrete with good workability and cohesion, often used in general construction projects.
đŤSHEAR SLUMP
đ§1. CHARACTERISTICS: Portion of the concrete shears off and slides down, indicating a lack of cohesion.
đ§2. APPLICATION: May indicate issues with mix design or excessive water content; often seen in concrete with poor workability.
đŤCOLLAPSE SLUMP
đ§1. CHARACTERISTICS: Concrete collapses completely, losing its shape.
đ§2. APPLICATION: Indicates high workability opr excessive water content; often used in applications requiring high flowability, such as self-compacting concrete.
đAPPLICATIONS
đ1. CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS: Slump tests help ensure concrete meets workability requirements.
đ2. MIX DESIGN: Slump tests aid in adjusting mix proportions to achieve desired workability.
đ3. QUALITY CONTROL: Regular slump tests help monitor concrete quality and detect potential issues.
âşBy understanding the differences between True slump, Shear slump, and Collapse slump tests, construction professionals can better assess concrete workability and make informed decisions.
@etconp
đŤTRUE SLUMP
đ§1. CHARACTERISTICS: Uniform decrease in height, maintaining the shape of the cone.
đ§2. APPLICATION: Suitable for concrete with good workability and cohesion, often used in general construction projects.
đŤSHEAR SLUMP
đ§1. CHARACTERISTICS: Portion of the concrete shears off and slides down, indicating a lack of cohesion.
đ§2. APPLICATION: May indicate issues with mix design or excessive water content; often seen in concrete with poor workability.
đŤCOLLAPSE SLUMP
đ§1. CHARACTERISTICS: Concrete collapses completely, losing its shape.
đ§2. APPLICATION: Indicates high workability opr excessive water content; often used in applications requiring high flowability, such as self-compacting concrete.
đAPPLICATIONS
đ1. CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS: Slump tests help ensure concrete meets workability requirements.
đ2. MIX DESIGN: Slump tests aid in adjusting mix proportions to achieve desired workability.
đ3. QUALITY CONTROL: Regular slump tests help monitor concrete quality and detect potential issues.
âşBy understanding the differences between True slump, Shear slump, and Collapse slump tests, construction professionals can better assess concrete workability and make informed decisions.
@etconp
â¤12đĽ°1
á¨ááááĽ_áááľá´á_áááŞáŤ_ááĽá_1063_2017.pdf
5.8 MB
đá¨áááἠáááľá´áἠá¨áłááľ áŚá˛áľ á¨áá¨áááá áľá áĽáááľ áĽá á¨áłááľ áľááľ ááľáłáá፠á¨áááŁá áľá á áłáá áááá°á áááŞáŤ á ááĽáˇáá˘
áááŞáŤá á¨áľáááľá á áľá˛áŤ ááᎠáľáŤ áá áááá˘
áááŞáŤá áľá á á ááá áŚá˛áľ áá ááá ?
á¨áłááľ áŁááľááŁá á á ááá áŚá˛áľ á¨ááŤá¨áááá áŚ
- á áľááľ áááá áá áľ áłááľ á¨áአá á á á á°á°áááá áá°á¨áľ á¨ááłáĽ áááἠá¨ááŤá áá˘áá á¨ááľáłáá áĽá áłááľ á¨áááá áá´áłáá áŤáá°áᣠááá á˛áłáá áĽá áá á áááł á¨á°ááŤáŠ áłááśá˝á á¨áááá¨áľ á˛ááá¤
- áá á áááľ áŚá˛áľ á áá°á¨á áá áŁáá áľ áá á¨á°áá áłááľ á¨áአá¨áá¸áá¸á á°áᢠáŤááá á áľáŤááśá˝ áŚá˛áą á ááá¸ááá¸á á ááá˝ áłááśá˝ áá ááá áá¤áľ áŤáá¸á ááá á˛áłáá á¤
- áłááľ á¨áአáŚá˛áľ áĽáá˛á°áá á˛á á¨á áĽá á áłááľ áŁááľááŁá á á ááá áŚá˛áľ á áľááá ááá á˛áłááá áľá¤
- á ááŁáĽááľ áŁáá¸á á ááá˝ á¨áłááľ á áá˝ á á°áááš ááá˝ ááááŤáśá˝á¤
- áłááľ á¨áአá ááĽáĽ áŚá˛áľ á°á°áá á á¨áŤáŤáŞ á¨áá áĽá á á áŹáł á˝/á¤áľ á áŠá á á ááá áŚá˛áľ áĽáá˛á°á¨á áľááá á˛á°áĽá¤ ... áá áááá˘
á¨áłááľ áŁááľááŁá á á ááá á á˛áľ á ááŤá¨áááá áľ áá áŚ
° á°áᢠáŤááá á¨ááłáĽ áľááľáŁ ááľááľá¤
° áá˘á ááłááľá¤
° á°áᢠáŤááá á¨áłááľ á á°áŤá¨á
° á áłááľ ááľáłáá፠ááá áľááľ á¨ááľ á¨á°áá¸á áá ááá¸áá áĽááľ áŤááááŠá ááá¨áááĽá¤ áááá ááá á¨á°áá°ááľá á¨áłááľ á áááśá˝ á áááá¨áľ áááá áĽá áĽáááľ áŤáá ááá፠ááľá¨á áĽááłáá áľ áááŞáŤá áá á°ááŻáá˘
áá á¨ááŁáŤáľ á°ááŁá á ááŁáĽááľ áĽáľáŤáá áľá¨áľ á¨á á áľááááá˝á á°á¨áľá ááá¸á áĽááłáá áľá ááááťáá˘
(áá áááŞáŤá á¨áá á°áŤááá)
@etconp
áááŞáŤá á¨áľáááľá á áľá˛áŤ ááᎠáľáŤ áá áááá˘
áááŞáŤá áľá á á ááá áŚá˛áľ áá ááá ?
á¨áłááľ áŁááľááŁá á á ááá áŚá˛áľ á¨ááŤá¨áááá áŚ
- á áľááľ áááá áá áľ áłááľ á¨áአá á á á á°á°áááá áá°á¨áľ á¨ááłáĽ áááἠá¨ááŤá áá˘áá á¨ááľáłáá áĽá áłááľ á¨áááá áá´áłáá áŤáá°áᣠááá á˛áłáá áĽá áá á áááł á¨á°ááŤáŠ áłááśá˝á á¨áááá¨áľ á˛ááá¤
- áá á áááľ áŚá˛áľ á áá°á¨á áá áŁáá áľ áá á¨á°áá áłááľ á¨áአá¨áá¸áá¸á á°áᢠáŤááá á áľáŤááśá˝ áŚá˛áą á ááá¸ááá¸á á ááá˝ áłááśá˝ áá ááá áá¤áľ áŤáá¸á ááá á˛áłáá á¤
- áłááľ á¨áአáŚá˛áľ áĽáá˛á°áá á˛á á¨á áĽá á áłááľ áŁááľááŁá á á ááá áŚá˛áľ á áľááá ááá á˛áłááá áľá¤
- á ááŁáĽááľ áŁáá¸á á ááá˝ á¨áłááľ á áá˝ á á°áááš ááá˝ ááááŤáśá˝á¤
- áłááľ á¨áአá ááĽáĽ áŚá˛áľ á°á°áá á á¨áŤáŤáŞ á¨áá áĽá á á áŹáł á˝/á¤áľ á áŠá á á ááá áŚá˛áľ áĽáá˛á°á¨á áľááá á˛á°áĽá¤ ... áá áááá˘
á¨áłááľ áŁááľááŁá á á ááá á á˛áľ á ááŤá¨áááá áľ áá áŚ
° á°áᢠáŤááá á¨ááłáĽ áľááľáŁ ááľááľá¤
° áá˘á ááłááľá¤
° á°áᢠáŤááá á¨áłááľ á á°áŤá¨á
° á áłááľ ááľáłáá፠ááá áľááľ á¨ááľ á¨á°áá¸á áá ááá¸áá áĽááľ áŤááááŠá ááá¨áááĽá¤ áááá ááá á¨á°áá°ááľá á¨áłááľ á áááśá˝ á áááá¨áľ áááá áĽá áĽáááľ áŤáá ááá፠ááľá¨á áĽááłáá áľ áááŞáŤá áá á°ááŻáá˘
áá á¨ááŁáŤáľ á°ááŁá á ááŁáĽááľ áĽáľáŤáá áľá¨áľ á¨á á áľááááá˝á á°á¨áľá ááá¸á áĽááłáá áľá ááááťáá˘
(áá áááŞáŤá á¨áá á°áŤááá)
@etconp
â¤11đĽ°2đ2đ1đĽ1
đá¨áአá¨á¨á°á ááľáá˝
đŤá á˛áľ á á ᣠááŤáł - 1958 á.á
âşReturned Peace Corps Ethiopia III Volunteers/Darrel & Betty Hagburg Photograph:
á Historic Ethiopia Through The Camera Lens 1860s-1990s
@etconp
đŤá á˛áľ á á ᣠááŤáł - 1958 á.á
âşReturned Peace Corps Ethiopia III Volunteers/Darrel & Betty Hagburg Photograph:
á Historic Ethiopia Through The Camera Lens 1860s-1990s
@etconp
đ7â¤2đĽ1
The length of a transition curve depends on the rate of change of
Anonymous Quiz
45%
Centrifugal acceleration
27%
Tangential acceleration
19%
Speed
8%
Distance
â¤13đ1
The treatment that should be given to the water from a deep tube well is :
Anonymous Quiz
17%
pre-settling only
46%
coagulation and flocculation only
19%
filtration only
18%
disinfection only
đĽ8â¤3đ3
Which of the following methods of theodolite traversing is suitable for locating the details which are far away from transit stations?
Anonymous Quiz
24%
Measuring angle and distance from one transit station
31%
Measuring angles to the point from at least two station
22%
Measuring angle at one station and distance from other
24%
Measuring distance from two points on traverse line
â¤9đ4đ1
Which one of the following process is/are used for the permanent adjustment of a transit theodolite?
Anonymous Quiz
19%
Adjustment of the vertical axis
20%
Adjustment of plate level
57%
Both of the above
4%
None of the above
đ7â¤5đ1
Lateral torsional buckling will occur in:
Anonymous Quiz
16%
Beams whose compression flange is embedded in the slab
27%
Beams which are laterally restricted by horizontal bracings
42%
Beams which are laterally unsupported
15%
Beams whose web are restrained by lateral beams
â¤12
A continuous beam ABCDE is 12 m long, and contains 4 spans of 3 m each. The beam is loaded with uniformly distributed load of 4,000 kgf/m, throughout its length. The bending moment at A and Ewill be equal to
Anonymous Quiz
51%
zero
13%
6,000 kg f-m
26%
12,000 kg f-m
10%
3,000 kg f-m
â¤7đ5
Bottom bars under the columns are extended into the interior of the footing slab to a distance greater than
Anonymous Quiz
26%
42 diameters from the centre of the column
21%
42 diameters from the inner edge of the column
32%
42 diameters from the outer edge of the column
21%
24 diameter from the centre of the column
â¤12
An R.C.C. beam not provided with shear reinforcement may develop cracks in its bottom inclined roughly to the horizontal at
Anonymous Quiz
15%
25°
9%
60°
64%
45°
12%
90°
đ14â¤5
distributed load, the ratio of the maximum negative to maximum positive radial moment, is
Anonymous Quiz
46%
1
34%
2
14%
3
6%
4
â¤6đ4
đĽWhen a load is transferred through one surface to another surface in contact, the stress is known as:
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18%
Tensile stress
36%
Compressive stress
38%
Shearing stress
8%
None of these
â¤11đĽ°5
The upstream slope of an earth dam under steady seepage condition is
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23%
equipotential line
20%
phreaticline
20%
flow-line
37%
seepage line
đ8â¤2
Consider the following statements :
Sand in mortar is needed for
1. decreasing the quantity of cement. 2. reducing shrinkage. 3. decreasing the surface area of the binding material. 4. increasing the strength. Of these statements :
Sand in mortar is needed for
1. decreasing the quantity of cement. 2. reducing shrinkage. 3. decreasing the surface area of the binding material. 4. increasing the strength. Of these statements :
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33%
2, 3 and 4 are correct
23%
1, 2 and 3 are correct
16%
1, 3 and 4 are correct
28%
1, 2 and 4 are correct
â¤18
Moisture content in aggregate can be recorded continuously by
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13%
Calcium carbide method
36%
Wet measurement
9%
Electrical meter method
42%
Drying method
đ5đ4â¤2