Ductile detailing in RCC structure is provided to enhance performance under
Anonymous Quiz
26%
High temperature
48%
Heavy load
20%
Earthquake
7%
Harsh environment
👏10🥰2❤1
If the headlight sight distance on a highway is 105 m . What will be the value of Intermediate sight distance
Anonymous Quiz
13%
183 m
23%
102m
37%
105m
27%
210m
👍10❤4
The bearing capacity factor 'Nc' to be taken for estimating the load carrying capacity of pile in clayey soil is
Anonymous Quiz
22%
7
38%
5.14
25%
5.7
15%
9
🙏7❤1
👉 INTERCON Construction Chemicals
● Concrete Admixtures
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Tel: 0961955555
Address: Signal, around signal mall
● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat
● Concrete Repair Mortar
● Floor hardener, Epoxy
● Grout, Self-level mortar
● Quartz paint, Contextra
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
● Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
Tel: 0961955555
Address: Signal, around signal mall
❤2
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👉አድራሻ፦ መርካቶ ምንአለሽ ተራ ከጭድ ተራ ከፍ ብሎ
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❤5
👉የአገር ውስጥ ስራ ተቋራጮች በዋጋ ላይ 9.5% ልዩ አስተያየት (Marigin of Preference) ሊደረግላቸው ነው።
💫አዲሱ የፌደራል የግዥ መመሪያ 1073/2017 ስለ ልዩ አስተያያት (Marigin of Preference) አዳዲስ ዝርዝር ሁኔታዎችን አካቷል።
📜ከነዚህም መካከል
1) የአገር ውስጥ የሥራ ተቋራጮች የሚወዳደሩበትን ሥራ ቢያሸንፉ ከሥራው ጠቅላላ ዋጋ ከ20 ከመቶ የማያንስ ዋጋ ያለውን ሥራ ለጥቃቅንና አነስተኛ ማህበራት በመስጠት ለማሰራት ግዴታ የገቡ ከሆነ በጨረታው ለዋጋ ከተያዘው ነጥብ ተጨማሪ 2 ከመቶ ልዩ አስተያየት ይደረግላቸዋል።
በአጠቃላይ እንደ ሃገር ውስጥ ተጫራች በመመሪያው የተቀመጠውን ሁኔታዎች ሲሟላ የሚገኘውን 7.5 በመቶ በመጨመር 9.5 በመቶ ልዩ አስተያየት የማግኘት እድል የሚሰጥ ይሆናል፡፡
የሃገር ውስጥ ድርጅቶች ብቻ ባሉበት ጨረታ ደግሞ 2 በመቶ ብቻ ተፈፃሚ ይሆናል።
2) ኢትዮጵያውያን አባል የሆኑባቸው የሽርክና ወይም የእሽሙር ማህበራት (Joint Venture) በሚወዳደሩበት ዓለም አቀፍ ጨረታ ላይ 3.5 % ልዩ አስተያየት ያገኛሉ።
ይህም የሚፈጸመው የግንባታ ሥራ ወይም የምክር አገልግሎት ጠቅላላ መወዳደሪያ ዋጋ ውስጥ የሀገር በቀል ድርጅት ቢያንስ 40% (አርባ በመቶ) መጠን የያዘ ከሆነ እና ከቁልፍ ሠራተኞች መካከል ቢያንስ 40% (አርባ በመቶ) ኢትዮጵያውያን ከሆኑ ነው።
@etconp
💫አዲሱ የፌደራል የግዥ መመሪያ 1073/2017 ስለ ልዩ አስተያያት (Marigin of Preference) አዳዲስ ዝርዝር ሁኔታዎችን አካቷል።
📜ከነዚህም መካከል
1) የአገር ውስጥ የሥራ ተቋራጮች የሚወዳደሩበትን ሥራ ቢያሸንፉ ከሥራው ጠቅላላ ዋጋ ከ20 ከመቶ የማያንስ ዋጋ ያለውን ሥራ ለጥቃቅንና አነስተኛ ማህበራት በመስጠት ለማሰራት ግዴታ የገቡ ከሆነ በጨረታው ለዋጋ ከተያዘው ነጥብ ተጨማሪ 2 ከመቶ ልዩ አስተያየት ይደረግላቸዋል።
በአጠቃላይ እንደ ሃገር ውስጥ ተጫራች በመመሪያው የተቀመጠውን ሁኔታዎች ሲሟላ የሚገኘውን 7.5 በመቶ በመጨመር 9.5 በመቶ ልዩ አስተያየት የማግኘት እድል የሚሰጥ ይሆናል፡፡
የሃገር ውስጥ ድርጅቶች ብቻ ባሉበት ጨረታ ደግሞ 2 በመቶ ብቻ ተፈፃሚ ይሆናል።
2) ኢትዮጵያውያን አባል የሆኑባቸው የሽርክና ወይም የእሽሙር ማህበራት (Joint Venture) በሚወዳደሩበት ዓለም አቀፍ ጨረታ ላይ 3.5 % ልዩ አስተያየት ያገኛሉ።
ይህም የሚፈጸመው የግንባታ ሥራ ወይም የምክር አገልግሎት ጠቅላላ መወዳደሪያ ዋጋ ውስጥ የሀገር በቀል ድርጅት ቢያንስ 40% (አርባ በመቶ) መጠን የያዘ ከሆነ እና ከቁልፍ ሠራተኞች መካከል ቢያንስ 40% (አርባ በመቶ) ኢትዮጵያውያን ከሆኑ ነው።
@etconp
❤10
👉What Is a Bending Moment?
💫It’s the internal force that causes a beam to bend — and every structural analysis needs to find where it's maximum.
🏷Let’s break it down 👇
🔹 A bending moment forms when external loads and supports create curvature in a beam.
🔹 Where’s the max? Typically:
• Under point loads
• At midspan for UDL
• Over supports in cantilevers
💡 Pro Tip:
⏺Use the Shear Force Diagram (SFD). The bending moment is maximum where shear force = 0.
🚫 Avoid these:
• Mixing units (N, mm, m)
• Confusing point vs distributed loads
• Ignoring zero-shear rule
@etconp
💫It’s the internal force that causes a beam to bend — and every structural analysis needs to find where it's maximum.
🏷Let’s break it down 👇
🔹 A bending moment forms when external loads and supports create curvature in a beam.
🔹 Where’s the max? Typically:
• Under point loads
• At midspan for UDL
• Over supports in cantilevers
💡 Pro Tip:
⏺Use the Shear Force Diagram (SFD). The bending moment is maximum where shear force = 0.
🚫 Avoid these:
• Mixing units (N, mm, m)
• Confusing point vs distributed loads
• Ignoring zero-shear rule
@etconp
❤10👍4👏2
👉The Benefits of Quality Control
💫There are a number of benefits to implementing a quality control program in the ready mix concrete industry. These benefits include:
🏗IMPROVED QUALITY OF CONCRETE
⏺A quality control program can help to ensure that the concrete is of the highest quality and that it meets the required standards. This can lead to improved performance and durability of the concrete, which can save money in the long run.
🏗REDUCED RISK OF PROBLEMS
⏺A quality control program can help to reduce the risk of problems with the concrete, such as cracking, spalling, and other defects. This can save time and money in the event of problems, and it can also help to protect the reputation of the ready mix concrete supplier.
🏗INCREASED CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
⏺Customers are more likely to be satisfied with the results of their construction projects if they know that the concrete is of the highest quality. This can lead to repeat business and positive word-of-mouth advertising.
@etconp
💫There are a number of benefits to implementing a quality control program in the ready mix concrete industry. These benefits include:
🏗IMPROVED QUALITY OF CONCRETE
⏺A quality control program can help to ensure that the concrete is of the highest quality and that it meets the required standards. This can lead to improved performance and durability of the concrete, which can save money in the long run.
🏗REDUCED RISK OF PROBLEMS
⏺A quality control program can help to reduce the risk of problems with the concrete, such as cracking, spalling, and other defects. This can save time and money in the event of problems, and it can also help to protect the reputation of the ready mix concrete supplier.
🏗INCREASED CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
⏺Customers are more likely to be satisfied with the results of their construction projects if they know that the concrete is of the highest quality. This can lead to repeat business and positive word-of-mouth advertising.
@etconp
❤13🔥3
👉ይርጋለም ኮንስትራክሽን በ682 ሚሊየን ብር የሚገነባው የ23.3 ኪሎ ሜትር መንገድ አፈፃፀም 68.6 ከመቶ ደረሰ
🚧የቦኖሻ -አጫሞ ከተማ የመንገድ ፕሮጀክት አስፋልት ወደ ማንጠፍ ምዕራፍ ተሸጋገረ
💫በማዕከላዊ የኢትዮጵያ ክልል የሚገኘው የሃድያ፣ የሀላባ እና የስልጤ ዞንን የሚያገናኘው የቦኖሻ - አጫሞ የአስፋልት ኮንክሪት መንገድ አፈፃፀም 68.6 በመቶ ደርሷል።
በጠቅላላ 23.3 ኪሎ ሜትር የሚሸፍነው ይኸው የመንገድ ግንባታ ፕሮጀክት ጅማሮውን ቦኖሻ ከተማ ላይ ያደርግና እስከ አጫሞ ቀበሌ ድረስ የሚዘልቅ ይሆናል።
ለግንባታ ማስፈጸሚያ የሚውለውን ገንዘብ 682 ሚሊዮን ብር የሚሸፍነው የኢትዮጵያ መንግስት ነው ።
ይርጋለም ኮንስትራክሽን የፕሮጀክቱ ሥራ ተቋራጭ ሲሆን፣ የማማከርና የቁጥጥር ሥራውን ደግሞ ብርሃን ኮንስትራክሽን እና ዲዛይን አማካሪ ድርጅት እያከናወነው ይገኛል።
@etconp
🚧የቦኖሻ -አጫሞ ከተማ የመንገድ ፕሮጀክት አስፋልት ወደ ማንጠፍ ምዕራፍ ተሸጋገረ
💫በማዕከላዊ የኢትዮጵያ ክልል የሚገኘው የሃድያ፣ የሀላባ እና የስልጤ ዞንን የሚያገናኘው የቦኖሻ - አጫሞ የአስፋልት ኮንክሪት መንገድ አፈፃፀም 68.6 በመቶ ደርሷል።
በጠቅላላ 23.3 ኪሎ ሜትር የሚሸፍነው ይኸው የመንገድ ግንባታ ፕሮጀክት ጅማሮውን ቦኖሻ ከተማ ላይ ያደርግና እስከ አጫሞ ቀበሌ ድረስ የሚዘልቅ ይሆናል።
ለግንባታ ማስፈጸሚያ የሚውለውን ገንዘብ 682 ሚሊዮን ብር የሚሸፍነው የኢትዮጵያ መንግስት ነው ።
ይርጋለም ኮንስትራክሽን የፕሮጀክቱ ሥራ ተቋራጭ ሲሆን፣ የማማከርና የቁጥጥር ሥራውን ደግሞ ብርሃን ኮንስትራክሽን እና ዲዛይን አማካሪ ድርጅት እያከናወነው ይገኛል።
@etconp
❤19👍3🔥2
👉የአልጄሪያ ፈጣን ዕድገት
በ50 ቢሊየን ዶላር፤ 50 ሜጋ ፕሮጀክቶች
💫በአልጄሪያ መጠነ ሰፊ ሥራዎች እየተከናወኑ ነው፦ የአልጄሪያ ብሔራዊ የልማት መሣሪያዎች ፈንድ (ሲኤንኢዲ) በ6.4 ትሪሊየን ዲናር (50 ቢሊዮን ዶላር ገደማ) ወጪ 50 ቁልፍ ሜጋ ፕሮጀክቶችን እያከናወነ ነው።
🏷ቁልፍ ሴክተሮች፦
⦁ ህዝብ ተኮር ሥራዎች እና መሠረተ ልማትን የሚያሳድጉ 33 ፕሮጀክቶች፤
⦁ በውኃ የኃይል ልማት ላይ ያተኮሩ 11 ፕሮጀክቶች፤
⦁ የቤት መሰረተ ልማት እና የከተማ ፕላንን እየቀየሩ ያሉ 6 ፕሮጀክቶች፤
⭐️በትግበራ ላይ ያሉ ሜጋ ፕሮጀክቶች፡-
⦁ በቅደም ተከተል ከ950 ኪ.ሜ እና ከ420 ኪ.ሜ በላይ ርዝመት ያላቸው ሁለት አዳዲስ የባቡር መስመሮች፤
⦁ የንጹህ መጠጥ ውኃ፦ አራት የባህር ጨዋማ ውኃን የሚያጣሩ ፋብሪካዎች ወደ ሥራ የገቡ ሲሆን አምስተኛውም በመጨረሻው የግንባታ ምዕራፍ ላይ ይገኛል፤
⦁ አልጀርስ ሜትሮ፦ አየር መንገዱን ከሀገሪቱ ዋና ከተማ ደቡባዊ ክፍል ጋር የሚያገናኝ ቁልፍ የማስፋፊያ ሥራ፤
Via ስፑትኒክ ኢትዮጵያ
@etconp
በ50 ቢሊየን ዶላር፤ 50 ሜጋ ፕሮጀክቶች
💫በአልጄሪያ መጠነ ሰፊ ሥራዎች እየተከናወኑ ነው፦ የአልጄሪያ ብሔራዊ የልማት መሣሪያዎች ፈንድ (ሲኤንኢዲ) በ6.4 ትሪሊየን ዲናር (50 ቢሊዮን ዶላር ገደማ) ወጪ 50 ቁልፍ ሜጋ ፕሮጀክቶችን እያከናወነ ነው።
🏷ቁልፍ ሴክተሮች፦
⦁ ህዝብ ተኮር ሥራዎች እና መሠረተ ልማትን የሚያሳድጉ 33 ፕሮጀክቶች፤
⦁ በውኃ የኃይል ልማት ላይ ያተኮሩ 11 ፕሮጀክቶች፤
⦁ የቤት መሰረተ ልማት እና የከተማ ፕላንን እየቀየሩ ያሉ 6 ፕሮጀክቶች፤
⭐️በትግበራ ላይ ያሉ ሜጋ ፕሮጀክቶች፡-
⦁ በቅደም ተከተል ከ950 ኪ.ሜ እና ከ420 ኪ.ሜ በላይ ርዝመት ያላቸው ሁለት አዳዲስ የባቡር መስመሮች፤
⦁ የንጹህ መጠጥ ውኃ፦ አራት የባህር ጨዋማ ውኃን የሚያጣሩ ፋብሪካዎች ወደ ሥራ የገቡ ሲሆን አምስተኛውም በመጨረሻው የግንባታ ምዕራፍ ላይ ይገኛል፤
⦁ አልጀርስ ሜትሮ፦ አየር መንገዱን ከሀገሪቱ ዋና ከተማ ደቡባዊ ክፍል ጋር የሚያገናኝ ቁልፍ የማስፋፊያ ሥራ፤
Via ስፑትኒክ ኢትዮጵያ
@etconp
❤9🔥7
👉Marginal Cost and Marginal Revenue Method (MC and MR method)
💫According to this method there are two conditions of equilibrium of firm.
i. MC = MR
ii. Slope of MC > slope of MR
(Diagram of MC and MR method)
We can explain this method with the help of a diagram, where marginal cost curve is intersecting marginal revenue at two points E' and E. So at both points, marginal cost is equal to marginal revenue. But the second condition of equilibrium is being satisfied only at point E where slope of
We know that a firm will be in equilibrium when it is earning maximum profits. We shall see presently
that for a firm, to make maximum profits. two conditions arc essential:
(i) Marginal Revenue = Marginal Cost. and (ii) MC curve cuts MR curve from below at the
equilibrium point. It is obvious that total profits can be increased by expanding output as long as the addition to the total revenue resulting from the sale of extra unit of output is greater than the addition io the total cost caused by producing an extra output. Now the addition to total revenue and total cost due to an extra unit of output are nothing else but marginal revenue and marginal cost respectively. Thus. a firm will go on expanding output as long as marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost of production. If. at any output. marginal revenue falls short of marginal cost. if an additional unit of output adds less to total revenue than to total cost. the firm will contract output to avoid losses and thus increase its profits” The level of output when’ and are equal is the profit
The whole argument can be explained with the where MC is the marginal cost curve and MR the marginal revenue curve. AC ami AR are the average cost and average revenue curves respectively. At the output OM. marginal cost equals marginal revenue (MR and MC curves intersect at E above this point). This represents the point of maximum profits and hence of equilibrium. At outputs smaller than OM. marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost and hence-there is scope for increasing profits by increasing output. For example, at output OL, marginal revenue is LG and the marginal cost is LH. and LG is greater than LH. It means that by producing the L1h unit, the firm is adding more to revenue than to its cost and, therefore, it will be profitable for it to produce the L1h unit. Similarly, for evcry other unit till the Mth one, the marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost, and, therefore, the firm can increase its total profits by producing up to OM output. If the firm stops producing at OL, the units of output which could have added more money to thc firm’s revenue than to its cost would not have been produced and profits would have been smaller by the area GHE than they could have been. Thus, a firm has an incentive to produce up to 0 1 level of output.
Hence, we conclude that firm’s profits at OM output are the maximum and that’ limn when laminar Ctlt libidinal This is one condition which is necessary but which is not sufficient for equilibrium. the total profits earned by the firm in the equilibrium position The easily found. At output OM, the average cost iDM while the average revenue is QM. Therefore. the profit per unit will be equal to QD and the total profits will he equal to the rectangle DIRT. At an equilibrium position, the curve t cut the The condition that for a firm.
Librium marginal cost must equal marginal revenue is no doubt a necessary condition but not a sufficient condition of equilibrium. For attaining equilibrium, a second condition must also be satisfied, ‘.;z., that the marginal cost (Me) curve must cut the marginal revenue (MR) curve from below at the point of equilibrium. This means that, beyond the equilibrium output, marginal cost must be greater than marginal revenue. If this condition is not met. a firm will not be earning maximum profits and hence will not be in equilibrium.
@etconp
💫According to this method there are two conditions of equilibrium of firm.
i. MC = MR
ii. Slope of MC > slope of MR
(Diagram of MC and MR method)
We can explain this method with the help of a diagram, where marginal cost curve is intersecting marginal revenue at two points E' and E. So at both points, marginal cost is equal to marginal revenue. But the second condition of equilibrium is being satisfied only at point E where slope of
We know that a firm will be in equilibrium when it is earning maximum profits. We shall see presently
that for a firm, to make maximum profits. two conditions arc essential:
(i) Marginal Revenue = Marginal Cost. and (ii) MC curve cuts MR curve from below at the
equilibrium point. It is obvious that total profits can be increased by expanding output as long as the addition to the total revenue resulting from the sale of extra unit of output is greater than the addition io the total cost caused by producing an extra output. Now the addition to total revenue and total cost due to an extra unit of output are nothing else but marginal revenue and marginal cost respectively. Thus. a firm will go on expanding output as long as marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost of production. If. at any output. marginal revenue falls short of marginal cost. if an additional unit of output adds less to total revenue than to total cost. the firm will contract output to avoid losses and thus increase its profits” The level of output when’ and are equal is the profit
The whole argument can be explained with the where MC is the marginal cost curve and MR the marginal revenue curve. AC ami AR are the average cost and average revenue curves respectively. At the output OM. marginal cost equals marginal revenue (MR and MC curves intersect at E above this point). This represents the point of maximum profits and hence of equilibrium. At outputs smaller than OM. marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost and hence-there is scope for increasing profits by increasing output. For example, at output OL, marginal revenue is LG and the marginal cost is LH. and LG is greater than LH. It means that by producing the L1h unit, the firm is adding more to revenue than to its cost and, therefore, it will be profitable for it to produce the L1h unit. Similarly, for evcry other unit till the Mth one, the marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost, and, therefore, the firm can increase its total profits by producing up to OM output. If the firm stops producing at OL, the units of output which could have added more money to thc firm’s revenue than to its cost would not have been produced and profits would have been smaller by the area GHE than they could have been. Thus, a firm has an incentive to produce up to 0 1 level of output.
Hence, we conclude that firm’s profits at OM output are the maximum and that’ limn when laminar Ctlt libidinal This is one condition which is necessary but which is not sufficient for equilibrium. the total profits earned by the firm in the equilibrium position The easily found. At output OM, the average cost iDM while the average revenue is QM. Therefore. the profit per unit will be equal to QD and the total profits will he equal to the rectangle DIRT. At an equilibrium position, the curve t cut the The condition that for a firm.
Librium marginal cost must equal marginal revenue is no doubt a necessary condition but not a sufficient condition of equilibrium. For attaining equilibrium, a second condition must also be satisfied, ‘.;z., that the marginal cost (Me) curve must cut the marginal revenue (MR) curve from below at the point of equilibrium. This means that, beyond the equilibrium output, marginal cost must be greater than marginal revenue. If this condition is not met. a firm will not be earning maximum profits and hence will not be in equilibrium.
@etconp
❤19🔥2🙏1
principles-of-good-urban-design-nyc-022024.pdf
32.5 MB
👉የከተማ ንድፍ መመርያ
💫 "Principles of Good Urban Design For NewYork City" የሚል ለከተማ ነዳፊዎች እንዲሁም ለተማሪዎች የሚሆን ባለ 35 ገጽ ጠቃሚ መጽሀፍ ከላይ በ ፒዲኤፍ ፋይል ተያይዟል አውርዳቹ ተጠቀሙበት።
📜Tool for everyone interested in creating better neighborhoods through design.
@etconp
💫 "Principles of Good Urban Design For NewYork City" የሚል ለከተማ ነዳፊዎች እንዲሁም ለተማሪዎች የሚሆን ባለ 35 ገጽ ጠቃሚ መጽሀፍ ከላይ በ ፒዲኤፍ ፋይል ተያይዟል አውርዳቹ ተጠቀሙበት።
📜Tool for everyone interested in creating better neighborhoods through design.
@etconp
❤13🎉6