๐แจ G+1 แ
แแ แแแฃแณ แจแตแซ แแแต แ G+15 แ
แแ แแแฃแณ แจแจแณ แจแตแซ แแแตแแต แแซแ แฅแแฐแแฝแ แซแแ แแซแ?
โบแ แแฐแซแแ แ แฒแต แ แ แฃ แจแฐแ แจแแฅ แแแชแซแแฝ แแญ แแแแแตแ แ แแ แแฎแแญแถแฝ แจแแแฃแณ แตแซ แจแแแณแฐแจแ แจแ แแญ แแตแฅ แตแซ แฐแแซแญ แ แแแแ แต แแแฃ แแฐแซ แจแณแฐแ แ แตแซ แ แ แแต แฐแจแ แแ แซแ แแแต แฐแแฃแญแแต แญแแจแแแข
๐ซแแแณแแก-
- แ แ แฒแต แจแ แ แญ แแแแต แแแฃแณ แตแซ แแญแ แ แแแแต แฐแจแแแฝ แแปแปแซ แแฎแแญแถแฝ แจแฐแแ แจแแแแต แแแฃแณ แตแซ แแแต แจแ แตแแแต แฎแแญแชแต (Asphalt Concrete) แ แตแฐแแญ แแ แตแแแต แจแแแ แต แตแซ (for asphalt surfacing) แแแแณแฐแญ
- แแแแแ แจแ แตแแแต แตแซ (DBST/TST/AC) แแญแ แฅแแฐ แ แจแญ แแแแต แซแ แแแฝ แฐแแณแณแญ แจแแแแต แแแฃแณ แตแซแแฝ แแญ แจแฐแแ แแแต แแ แตแแแต แฎแแญแชแต (Asphalt Concrete) แแฎแแญแถแฝ
- แแ แแ แแแฃแณ แฅแซ แจแแ แจแแ แแ แฐแ แแตแแญแต แแฐแซ แจแณแฐแ แ แจแ แแ แตแซ แ แ แแต แฐแจแ แแ แซแ แแแ แ แแ แต( แแแณแ แ แ แแตแฐแ แ แแ (<G+5) แตแซ แแแต แซแแ แจแ แแญ แแตแฅ แตแซ แฐแแซแญ แแแซแจแแ (G+5 to15) แ แแ แแแฃแณ แตแซ แฐแแฃแญแแต แญแแจแแแข
๐Key Note: แจแจแณแแ แซแแฃแ แฐแแแ แแ แฐแแณแณแช แจแตแซ แแแต แแตแแญแฑ แ แแ แแแฉ แซแแฐแแแ แแตแฐแซแจแ แแญแ แฅแแฒแตแฐแซแจแ แแตแฐแจแ แญแแฃแแข
@etconp
โบแ แแฐแซแแ แ แฒแต แ แ แฃ แจแฐแ แจแแฅ แแแชแซแแฝ แแญ แแแแแตแ แ แแ แแฎแแญแถแฝ แจแแแฃแณ แตแซ แจแแแณแฐแจแ แจแ แแญ แแตแฅ แตแซ แฐแแซแญ แ แแแแ แต แแแฃ แแฐแซ แจแณแฐแ แ แตแซ แ แ แแต แฐแจแ แแ แซแ แแแต แฐแแฃแญแแต แญแแจแแแข
๐ซแแแณแแก-
- แ แ แฒแต แจแ แ แญ แแแแต แแแฃแณ แตแซ แแญแ แ แแแแต แฐแจแแแฝ แแปแปแซ แแฎแแญแถแฝ แจแฐแแ แจแแแแต แแแฃแณ แตแซ แแแต แจแ แตแแแต แฎแแญแชแต (Asphalt Concrete) แ แตแฐแแญ แแ แตแแแต แจแแแ แต แตแซ (for asphalt surfacing) แแแแณแฐแญ
- แแแแแ แจแ แตแแแต แตแซ (DBST/TST/AC) แแญแ แฅแแฐ แ แจแญ แแแแต แซแ แแแฝ แฐแแณแณแญ แจแแแแต แแแฃแณ แตแซแแฝ แแญ แจแฐแแ แแแต แแ แตแแแต แฎแแญแชแต (Asphalt Concrete) แแฎแแญแถแฝ
- แแ แแ แแแฃแณ แฅแซ แจแแ แจแแ แแ แฐแ แแตแแญแต แแฐแซ แจแณแฐแ แ แจแ แแ แตแซ แ แ แแต แฐแจแ แแ แซแ แแแ แ แแ แต( แแแณแ แ แ แแตแฐแ แ แแ (<G+5) แตแซ แแแต แซแแ แจแ แแญ แแตแฅ แตแซ แฐแแซแญ แแแซแจแแ (G+5 to15) แ แแ แแแฃแณ แตแซ แฐแแฃแญแแต แญแแจแแแข
๐Key Note: แจแจแณแแ แซแแฃแ แฐแแแ แแ แฐแแณแณแช แจแตแซ แแแต แแตแแญแฑ แ แแ แแแฉ แซแแฐแแแ แแตแฐแซแจแ แแญแ แฅแแฒแตแฐแซแจแ แแตแฐแจแ แญแแฃแแข
@etconp
โค14๐6๐ฅ1
๐SOIL STABILIZATION
๐งWhat is soil stabilization ?
โบSoil stabilization is the process of improving the physical and mechanical properties of soil to enhance its strength, durability, and stability.
๐ทTYPES OF SOIL STABILIZATION METHODS
1. Mechanical Stabilization : Using soil nailing, or rock bolting.
2. Chemical Stabilization : Using additives like cement, lime, or chemicals.
3. Biological Stabilization: Using vegetation or microorganisms.
โบApplication of each method mentioned above is often determined by the site specific conditions and project requirements,
The discussion will be limited to SOIL NAILING under the mechanical method of soil stabilization with reference to the process, importance, and advantages involved.
๐SOIL NAILING
What is soil nailing ?
Soil nailing is a geotechnical stabilization technique that involves inserting steel bars (nails) into the soil to reinforce and stabilize slopes, excavations, or retaining structures, enhancing their stability and preventing failure.
๐ฒIMPORTANCE
1. Slope Stabilization: Prevents landslides and soil erosion.
2. Excavation Support: Supports deep excavations and reduces risk of collapse.
3. Cost-Effective: Compared to traditional retaining walls or other stabilization methods.
4. Types of soil: Suitable for various soil types and conditions.
5. Building Foundations: Supports deep excavations for building foundations.
6. Retaining walls: Reinforces existing walls
๐ADVANTAGES
1. Minimal Excavation : Less disruption to surrounding areas.
2.Rapid Installation : Quick construction process.
3.Reduced Environmental Impact : Less disturbance to natural habitats.
4. Improved Safety : Reduces risk of collapse and accidents.
5. Durability: Increase structural lifespan
๐ซCONCLUSION
In conclusion, soil nailing is a reliable and efficient technique for stabilizing slopes, excavations, and retaining structures. Its effectiveness lies in enhancing stability, preventing landslides, and supporting deep excavation.
It is is a viable solution for geotechnical challenges, offering a stable and durable support system.
@etconp
๐งWhat is soil stabilization ?
โบSoil stabilization is the process of improving the physical and mechanical properties of soil to enhance its strength, durability, and stability.
๐ทTYPES OF SOIL STABILIZATION METHODS
1. Mechanical Stabilization : Using soil nailing, or rock bolting.
2. Chemical Stabilization : Using additives like cement, lime, or chemicals.
3. Biological Stabilization: Using vegetation or microorganisms.
โบApplication of each method mentioned above is often determined by the site specific conditions and project requirements,
The discussion will be limited to SOIL NAILING under the mechanical method of soil stabilization with reference to the process, importance, and advantages involved.
๐SOIL NAILING
What is soil nailing ?
Soil nailing is a geotechnical stabilization technique that involves inserting steel bars (nails) into the soil to reinforce and stabilize slopes, excavations, or retaining structures, enhancing their stability and preventing failure.
๐ฒIMPORTANCE
1. Slope Stabilization: Prevents landslides and soil erosion.
2. Excavation Support: Supports deep excavations and reduces risk of collapse.
3. Cost-Effective: Compared to traditional retaining walls or other stabilization methods.
4. Types of soil: Suitable for various soil types and conditions.
5. Building Foundations: Supports deep excavations for building foundations.
6. Retaining walls: Reinforces existing walls
๐ADVANTAGES
1. Minimal Excavation : Less disruption to surrounding areas.
2.Rapid Installation : Quick construction process.
3.Reduced Environmental Impact : Less disturbance to natural habitats.
4. Improved Safety : Reduces risk of collapse and accidents.
5. Durability: Increase structural lifespan
๐ซCONCLUSION
In conclusion, soil nailing is a reliable and efficient technique for stabilizing slopes, excavations, and retaining structures. Its effectiveness lies in enhancing stability, preventing landslides, and supporting deep excavation.
It is is a viable solution for geotechnical challenges, offering a stable and durable support system.
@etconp
โค19๐8
๐ INTERCON Construction Chemicals
โ Concrete Admixtures
โ Bonding Agents
โ Waterproofings
โ Wall Putty, Prime Coat
โ Concrete Repair Mortar
โ Floor hardener, Epoxy
โ Grout, Self-level mortar
โ Quartz paint, Contextra
โ Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
โ Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
Tel: 0961955555
Address: Signal, around signal mall
โ Concrete Admixtures
โ Bonding Agents
โ Waterproofings
โ Wall Putty, Prime Coat
โ Concrete Repair Mortar
โ Floor hardener, Epoxy
โ Grout, Self-level mortar
โ Quartz paint, Contextra
โ Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
โ Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
Tel: 0961955555
Address: Signal, around signal mall
โค1
2415. With an increase in size of tube, the rise of depression of liquid in the tube due to surface tension will
Anonymous Quiz
47%
(a) decrease
33%
(b) increase
7%
(c) remain unchanged
13%
(d) depend upon characteristics of liquid
โค4๐3
2411. Which of the following statement is wrong?
Anonymous Quiz
20%
(a) Seepage drains reduce the chances of water-logging
17%
(b) Untimely maturity of the crops is the characteristic of water-logged lands
21%
(c) The percolation loss can be reduced by keeping the intensity of irrigation low
42%
(d) There is no way to keep a watch over the problem of water-logging
โค4
2409. What is the pH range for strongly alkaline soils?
Anonymous Quiz
28%
(a) 7.4 โ 7.8
16%
(b) 7.9 โ 8.4
22%
(c) 8.5 โ 9.0
34%
(d) > 9
๐5
2407. In a beam, the neutral plane
Anonymous Quiz
21%
(a) may be its centre
53%
(b) passes through the C.G. of the area of cross-section
17%
(c) does not change during deformation
8%
(d) none of these
โค4
2406. For a simply supported beam with a central load, the bending moment is
Anonymous Quiz
11%
(a) least at the centre
12%
(b) least at the supports
21%
(c) maximum at the supports
57%
(d) maximum at the centre
โค6
2405. The shape of the bending moment diagram over the length of a beam, carrying a uniformly distributed load is always
Anonymous Quiz
24%
(a) linear
65%
(b) parabolic
6%
(c) cubical
6%
(d) circular
โค10
2404. If the shear force along a section of a beam is zero, the bending moment at the section is
Anonymous Quiz
22%
(a) zero
67%
(b) maximum
7%
(c) minimum
4%
(d) average of maximum-minimum
โค5๐3๐2
2403. If two forces acting at a joint are not along the straight line, then for the equilibrium of the joint
Anonymous Quiz
11%
(a) one of the forces must be zero
17%
(b) each force must be zero
20%
(c) forces must be equal and of the same sign
52%
(d) forces must be equal in magnitude but opposite in sign
โค1
2402. What is characteristic load?
Anonymous Quiz
14%
(a) Seismic load
43%
(b) Load which will be exceeded by certain probability during life of structure
34%
(c) Load which will not be exceeded by certain probability during life of structure
9%
(d) Pressure load
๐2โค1
2399. The partial factor of safety for resistance governed by ultimate strength is:
Anonymous Quiz
7%
(a) 1.10
56%
(b) 1.5
13%
(c) 2.0
24%
(d) 1.25
โค4๐1
2398. The partial factor of safety for resistance governed by yielding is:
Anonymous Quiz
13%
(a) 1.10
53%
(b) 1.5
11%
(c) 2.0
23%
(d) 1.25
๐3โค2
2397. Which of the following criteria is to be satisfied in selection of member in limit state method?
Anonymous Quiz
13%
(a) Factored Load > Factored Strength
51%
(b) Factored Load โค Factored Strength
18%
(c) Factored Load โฅ Factored Strength
17%
(d) Sometimes Factored Load < Factored Strength (or) Factored Load > Factored Strength
๐3โค2
2396. Which of the following relation is correct?
Anonymous Quiz
21%
(a) Design Strength = Ultimate strength + Partial factor of safety
9%
(b) Design Strength = Ultimate strength โ Partial factor of safety
40%
(c) Design Strength = Ultimate strength /Partial factor of safety
30%
(d) Design Strength = Ultimate strength x Partial factor of safety
โค6๐3
2395. Which of the following relation is correct?
Anonymous Quiz
5%
(a) Design Load = Characteristic Load
24%
(b) Design Load = Characteristic Load + Partial factor of safety
32%
(c) Design Load = Characteristic Load / Partial factor of safety
39%
(d) Design Load = Characteristic Load x Partial factor of safety
๐3
2394. What is variable action according to classification of actions by IS code?
Anonymous Quiz
14%
(a) Due to self weight
17%
(b) Due to accidents
42%
(c) Due to construction and service stage loads
27%
(d) Due to earthquake loads
โค5๐ฅฐ1
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โค5
๐What Are the Project Management Knowledge Areas?
๐ซProject Management Institute has divided the large field of project management into 10 more digestible parts, which it calls the 10 project management knowledge areas in its A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK).
โบProject management knowledge areas coincide with the process groups, which are project initiation, project planning, project execution, monitoring and controlling, and project closing.
โบThese are the chronological phases that every project goes through.
โบThe knowledge areas take place during anyone of these process groups.
โบYou can think of the process groups as horizontal, while the knowledge areas are vertical. The knowledge areas are the core technical subject matter, which are necessary for effective project management.
Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) is a collection of processes and knowledge areas accepted as best practice for the project management profession.
โบAs an internationally recognised standard (ANSI/PMI 99-001-2008 and IEEE 1490-2011) it provides the fundamentals of project management, irrespective of the type of project be it construction, software, engineering, automotive.
PMBOK recognises five basic process groups and ten knowledge areas typical of almost all projects.
โบThe basic concepts are applicable to projects, programmes and operations.
๐งThe five basic process groups are:
1. Initiating
2. Planning
3. Executing
4. Monitoring and Controlling
5. Closing
Processes overlap and interact throughout a project or phase. Processes are described in terms of:
โข Inputs (documents, plans, designs, etc.)
โข Tools and Techniques (mechanisms applied to inputs)
โข Outputs (documents, products, etc.)
๐The ten knowledge areas are:
1. Project Integration Management
2. Project Scope Management
3. Project Time Management
4. Project Cost Management
5. Project Quality Management
6. Project Human Resource Management
7. Project Communications Management
8. Project Risk Management
9. Project Procurement Management
10. Project Stakeholder Management
โ๏ธThe Ethiopian Construction Project Management Institute also has published those PMBOK areas and distribute.
๐IF You Want Those Books We will Share You๐
@etconp
๐ซProject Management Institute has divided the large field of project management into 10 more digestible parts, which it calls the 10 project management knowledge areas in its A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK).
โบProject management knowledge areas coincide with the process groups, which are project initiation, project planning, project execution, monitoring and controlling, and project closing.
โบThese are the chronological phases that every project goes through.
โบThe knowledge areas take place during anyone of these process groups.
โบYou can think of the process groups as horizontal, while the knowledge areas are vertical. The knowledge areas are the core technical subject matter, which are necessary for effective project management.
Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) is a collection of processes and knowledge areas accepted as best practice for the project management profession.
โบAs an internationally recognised standard (ANSI/PMI 99-001-2008 and IEEE 1490-2011) it provides the fundamentals of project management, irrespective of the type of project be it construction, software, engineering, automotive.
PMBOK recognises five basic process groups and ten knowledge areas typical of almost all projects.
โบThe basic concepts are applicable to projects, programmes and operations.
๐งThe five basic process groups are:
1. Initiating
2. Planning
3. Executing
4. Monitoring and Controlling
5. Closing
Processes overlap and interact throughout a project or phase. Processes are described in terms of:
โข Inputs (documents, plans, designs, etc.)
โข Tools and Techniques (mechanisms applied to inputs)
โข Outputs (documents, products, etc.)
๐The ten knowledge areas are:
1. Project Integration Management
2. Project Scope Management
3. Project Time Management
4. Project Cost Management
5. Project Quality Management
6. Project Human Resource Management
7. Project Communications Management
8. Project Risk Management
9. Project Procurement Management
10. Project Stakeholder Management
โ๏ธThe Ethiopian Construction Project Management Institute also has published those PMBOK areas and distribute.
๐IF You Want Those Books We will Share You๐
@etconp
๐39โค9๐5