👉የቅድመ ክፍያ እና በኮንትራክተሩ ሚሰጥ ማስያዥያ

💫ቅድመ ክፍያ ማለት ምን ማለት ነው?

⏺አንድ ተቋራጭ የግንባታ ሥራ ለማከናወን ዉል ከገባ በዉሉ ሰነድ ላይ በተቀመጠው መሰረት ቅድመ ክፍያ ይከፈለዋል ያው ወለድ የሌለው ብድር አሰሪው ለ ሥራ ተቋራጩ ይሰጠዋል ማለት ነው።

⏺ይህ ቅድመ ክፍያ የሚከፈለው ተቋራጩ ስራዉን ለመጀመር እንዲረዳው ነው።

⏺ስቶር ለመስራት ማሽነሪ እና የሰው ሃይል ሞቢላይዝ ለማድረግ ለግንባታ ስራ የሚረዱ አስፈላጊ የሆኑ ማቴርያል እንዲገዛ እና ወዘተ ለሆኑ እንቅስቃሴዎች ተቋራጩ ቅድመ ክፍያ ይከፈለዋል።

🏷በአብዛኛው የ ሃገራችን የዉል ሰነድ ላይ የምንመለከተው ቅድመ ክፍያ የዉሉን ዋጋ 20 ወይንም 30% ነው።

📜 ለ ምሳሌ ፕሮጀክቱ 100,000,000 ከሆነ

⚡️እንዴት አሰሪው 20,000,000 ብር አምኖ ለተቋራጩ ዉል ስለገቡ ብቻ ይሰጠዋል።

❇️እንግዲህ የኮንስትራክሽን ዉሎች መሰረት ተደርገው የሚዘጋጁት የሃገሪቱን ህግ መሰረት በማድረግ ነው የሃገሪቱ ህግ ደግሞ አለማችን ላይ በሰፊው ከምንጠቀመው የኮንስትራክሽን ህግ የወጣ ነው።

⏺አንዳንዴ ቀጥታም ልንጠቀመው እንችላለን። ነገር ግን አብዛኛውን ጊዜ scc & gcc የሚባሉ ህጎች ዉላችን ላይ አሉ።

- So ተቋራጩ ለሚወስደው ቅድመ ክፍያ እኩል የሆነ ማስያዥያ ለ አሰሪው ማቅረብ ይኖርበታል።

- FIDIC RED book 2017( GCC )የምንለው ከዚህ የተቀዳ ነው። በአንቀጽ 14 ንዑስ አንቀጽ 2 ላይ ስለ ቅድመ ክፍያ ማስያዝያ እንዲህ ይላል።

- ስራ ተቋራጩ ለሚወስደው የቅድመ ክፍያ በወሰደው መጠን ልክ ማስያዝያ ለ አሰሪው ማቅረብ ዪጠበቅበታል ኮፒ ደግሞ ለ እንጂነሩ/ ሳይተ ሱፐርቪሶሩ መስጠት ግዴታ አለበት

- ይህ የቅድመ ክፍያ ማስያዝያ የሚቀርበው ሃገር ውስጥ ህጋዊ ሰዉነት ካለው የፋይናንስ ተቋም ሲሆን እና አሰሪው የተስማማበት መሆን ይጠበቅበታል። ይህ የፋይናንስ ተቋም ዋስትናውን የሚሰጠው የዉሉ ወይንም የጨረታ ሰነዱ ላይ በተዘጋጀው ናሙና ቅጽ መሰረት ዪሆናል አንዳንዴም ባንኩ በራሱ ቅጽ አቅርቦ አሰሪው የተስማማበት ከሆነ its okay።

- ስራ ተቋራጩ የቅድሚያ ክፍያ ዋስትናው ቅድመ ክፍያውን ከፍሎ እስኪያጠናቅቅ ድረስ ተቀባይነት እና ተፈፃሚ ያለው መሆኑን ያረጋግጣል ነገር ግን ያስያዘውን የገንዘብ መጠን ተቋራጩ በከፈለው መጠን ደረጃ በደረጃ ሊቀንስ ይችላል።
የከፈለው መጠን እና የሚቀረው መጠን በክፍያ የምስክር ወረቀት ላይ ይገለጻል።

- የቅድመ ክፍያ ዋስትናው የሚያበቃበት ጊዜ ተጠቅሶ ከሆነ እና ተቋራጩ የወሰደውን ቅድመ ክፍያ ዋስትናው ከመጠናቀቁ 28 ቀን በፊት አጠናቆ ሳይከፍል የሚቀር ከሆነ

1. ተቋራጩ ቅድመ ክፍያው እስኪከፈል ድረስ የዚህን ዋስትና ትክክለኛነት ያራዝማል ቀኑን ያራዝመዋል ማለት ነው።
2. ተቋራጩ ይህንን የማራዘምያ ማስረጃ ወዲያውኑ ለአሠሪው ያቀርባል ለኢንጅነሩ ወይንም ሱፐርቫይሰሩ ግልባጭ ይዞ
3. አሠሪው ይህንን ማስረጃ ዋስትና ከማለቁ ከ7 ቀናት በፊት ካልተቀበለ፣ አሠሪው ያልተከፈለውን የቅድሚያ ክፍያ መጠን በዋስትናው መሠረት የመጠየቅ መብት አለው።

- ተቋራጩ የቅድሚያ ክፍያ ዋስትና በሚቀርብበት ጊዜ ማመልከቻ ወይንም በደብዳቤ መልክ ለወሰደው ቅድመ ክፍያ ማስያዣ እንዳቀረበ መግለጽ ይጠበቅበታል።

@etconp

👉The properties of a good cement are as follows:

💫(a) When one thrusts one's hand into a bag of cement one should feel cool, because if it feels warm it means somehow heat of hydration releases that implies hydration reaction has already started and that is an indication of a bad cement.

💫(b) The color of good cement should always be greyish.

💫(c) A handful of cement thrown into a bucket of water should not sink immediately, because if it sinks immediately it indicates that cement has formed lumped mass which means there is the presence of moisture near cement bags and some portion of hydration reaction has already started which gives rise to lumped mass.

🚧For a good cement, the hydration reaction should only start when it is mixed with water.

⏺If somehow (presence of moisture in the vicinity of storage, extremely humid weather, etc.) hydration reaction starts that means cement is starting to lose its property which is not desirable.

@etconp

👉Sewage Treatment

🏷Sewage treatments are classified as preliminary treatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment and tertiary treatment.

💫1. Preliminary treatment: This is to remove floating materials, settlable inorganic solids, fats, oils and grease. Various units used in this process are:

(a) Screens – for removing floating materials
(b) Grit chambers – for grinding coarse sand
(c) Comminutors – for grinding coarse solids
(d) Skimming tanks – for removing false, oils and grease
(e) Floating units – for removing fine solids

💫2. Primary treatment: It is to remove large suspended organic matter.

⏺Primary sedimentation tanks or primary settling tanks or primary clarifiers used for this treatment.

💫3. Secondary treatment: This is to remove organic matter and the residual suspended material by biological unit processes.

💫4. Tertiary treatment: This is to remove dissolved and suspended materials such as inorganic compounds of nitrogen and phosphorous residual organic matter, etc.

@etconp

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👉𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒋𝒆𝒄𝒕 𝑴𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒈𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑭𝒂𝒊𝒍𝒖𝒓𝒆

💫A project is considered a failure when it has not delivered what was required, in line with expectations.

⏺Therefore, in order to succeed, a 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐃𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐓𝐨 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐭, 𝐓𝐨 𝐐𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 & 𝐎𝐧 𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞 & 𝐁𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐈𝐧 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐁𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐂𝐚𝐬𝐞.

⏺The requirements for success are clear & absolute – right? Unfortunately, it's not that simple. Because the second part of our definition of success is that the project must be delivered "𝐈𝐧 𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐖𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬."

⏺If key stakeholders agreed that a project had to exceed its initial budget, the project may still be considered a success. Likewise, if a project delivered everything that was in the detailed project designs, it may still be considered a failure if it didn't include vital elements that the key stakeholders needed.
This doesn't seem fair, but project success & failure isn't just about the facts, nor is it simply about what was delivered. It's also, crucially, about 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐈𝐬 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐝.

●𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐤 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭?

While project failure risk is present in every stage, the likelihood of project failure derives mostly from the Initiating & Planning stages. Issues in these first two stages impact the entire life of a project & can lead to failure down the road.

●𝐄𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐲 𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐩 𝐭𝐨 𝐠𝐞𝐭 𝐚𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐟𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬.

•Unclear Project Definition
•Poor Communication Across the Team
•Constant Change of Project Scope
•Poor Task Prioritization
•Lack of Project Overview, Control & Monitoring.

●𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐟𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐮𝐫𝐞?
Some ways to overcome project failure are:
•Adopt a Proactive Approach
•Plan Project Strategy & Implementation
•Manage Goals
•Avoid Unrealistic Expectations
•Always Track Progress
•Identify all Risks
•Get Solutions from Team Members
•Continuous Improvement

●𝐅𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬: 𝐓𝐨𝐨𝐥𝐬 & 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐞𝐬

The purpose of failure analysis is to determine the most fundamental reason which caused the failure (i.e., root cause), ideally with the intention of eliminating it & identifying means to prevent its recurrences.

The 𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩𝐬 𝐎𝐟 𝐅𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐞 include:

1.Definition of the problem & data collection.
2.Identification of damage modes & mechanisms.
3.Testing for the actual mechanisms taking place, leading to thefailure.
4.Identification of the possible root causes.
5.Confirmation of cause-effect relationships.
6.Tests of the actual root cause.
7.The implemention of corrective actions.

@etconp

👉Here’s a concise breakdown of the differences between a Bid Bond and a Performance Bond in construction contracts

🚧1. Purpose

⏺Bid Bond:- Ensures the contractor will honor their bid and sign the contract if selected. 
⏺Performance Bond:
Guarantees the contractor will complete the project as per the agreed terms. 

🚧2. When They Are Used

⏺Bid Bond: Submitted with the bid proposal (pre-contract stage). 
⏺Performance Bond: Provided after the contract is awarded (post-contract stage). 

🚧3. Coverage Amount

⏺Bid Bond:Typically 10%-20% of the bid amount. 
⏺Performance Bond: Usually 10%-50% (sometimes up to 100%) of the contract value. 

🚧4. Protection Offered

⏺Bid Bond: Protects the owner if the winning bidder backs out. 
⏺Performance Bond: Protects the owner if the contractor fails to deliver the project properly. 

🚧5. Claim Scenario

⏺Bid Bond: Claimed if the contractor refuses to proceed after winning the bid. 
⏺Performance Bond: Claimed if the contractor defaults, delays, or performs poorly. 

🚧6. Duration

⏺Bid Bond: Valid until the contract is signed or replaced by performance/payment bonds. 
⏺Performance Bond: Remains active until project completion. 

⭐️Key Takeaway

🎲A Bid Bond:- ensures a contractor is serious about their bid. 
🎲A Performance Bond:- ensures they fulfill their contractual obligations. 

🏷Both bonds provide financial security but at different stages of a construction project. 

@etconp

https://t.me/ETCONpWORK/4235