A uniformly distributed load longer than the
span of girder moves from left to right. The
maximum bending moment at the center of the span occurs when the uniformly distributed load occupies
span of girder moves from left to right. The
maximum bending moment at the center of the span occurs when the uniformly distributed load occupies
Anonymous Quiz
53%
(a) whole span of girder
26%
(b) right half span of girder
15%
(c) left half span of girder
6%
(d) none of these
๐10โค1๐1
Which of the following steel reinforcement does
not act as a shear reinforcement in RCC
beams?
not act as a shear reinforcement in RCC
beams?
Anonymous Quiz
20%
(a) Bent up portion of longitudinal steel
24%
(b) Stirrups inclined (at 45") to beam axis
17%
(c) Stirrups perpendicular to beam axis
38%
(d) Tension steel parallel to the beam axis
โค5๐1
In case of unavailability of space for providing
development length in an RCC beam which
option shall NOT be used to satisfy the criteria of development length?
development length in an RCC beam which
option shall NOT be used to satisfy the criteria of development length?
Anonymous Quiz
39%
chairs
27%
hooks
16%
bends
19%
mechanical anchorages
๐ฅฐ5
The slope correction for a length of 30 m along
a gradient of 1 in 20 is ..........
a gradient of 1 in 20 is ..........
Anonymous Quiz
26%
a) 3.75 cm
46%
(b) 0.375 cm
19%
c) 37.5 cm
9%
(d) 2.75 cm
๐ฅ2๐2
The shear strength in plastic undrained clay, is
due to ..........
due to ..........
Anonymous Quiz
19%
(a) inter-granular friction
19%
(b) internal friction
57%
(c) cohesion
6%
(d) none of these
๐3โค1
In case of two way slab, the limiting deflection
of the slab is .....................
of the slab is .....................
Anonymous Quiz
27%
(a) Primarily a function of the long span
29%
(b) Primarily a function of the short span
14%
(c) Independent of long or short span
31%
(d) Dependent on both long and short spans
โค6๐1
There are two types of energy losses through
pipes, major losses and minor losses. Major
losses through pipes are due to ______.
pipes, major losses and minor losses. Major
losses through pipes are due to ______.
Anonymous Quiz
19%
(a) contraction of pipe
25%
(b) sudden enlargement of pipe
30%
(c) leakage of pipe
26%
(d) friction
๐4โค3
Which of the following formulas is used for
calculation of earthwork volume and is also
known as the average end area formula?
calculation of earthwork volume and is also
known as the average end area formula?
Anonymous Quiz
51%
(a) Trapezoidal formula
18%
(b) Mid-section formula
17%
(c) Prismoidal formula
14%
(d) Simpsons formula
๐6โค1
The impact value of aggregate is calculated for
understanding which one of the following
characteristic property of aggregate?
understanding which one of the following
characteristic property of aggregate?
Anonymous Quiz
23%
(a) Specific Gravity
36%
(b) Resistance to sudden dynamic load
31%
(c) Abrasion
10%
(d) Porosity
๐ฅ3๐3
What is the meaning of biaxial stress?
Anonymous Quiz
10%
(a) Stress acting along tangential direction only
26%
(b) Stress acting along more than two axes
61%
(c) Stress acting along two axes
4%
(d) Stress acting along only one axis
โค5๐1
Which of the given options is NOT a type of
water distribution network?
water distribution network?
Anonymous Quiz
40%
(a) Perpendicular system
23%
(b) Grid iron system
16%
(c) Ring system
20%
(d) Radial system
๐5โค1
Which type of rollers are most effective for the
compaction of sands?
compaction of sands?
Anonymous Quiz
19%
(a) Pneumatic rollers
26%
(b) Smooth wheeled rollers
32%
(c) Vibratory rollers
24%
(d) Sheep foot rollers
๐4โค1
The design value of limiting span to effective
depth ratio for deflection control of a beam is
independent of:
depth ratio for deflection control of a beam is
independent of:
Anonymous Quiz
26%
(a) span of the beam
25%
(b) area of compression reinforcement
19%
(c) service stress in tension reinforcement
29%
(d) creep and shrinkage
โค5๐3๐1
Which of the these benefits is absent in rapid
hardening cement?
hardening cement?
Anonymous Quiz
13%
(a) Faster construction
19%
(b) Short curing period
30%
(c) Light in weight
38%
(d) Higher final setting time
โค8๐2๐1
๐ INTERCON Construction Chemicals
โ Concrete Admixtures
โ Bonding Agents
โ Waterproofings
โ Wall Putty, Prime Coat
โ Concrete Repair Mortar
โ Floor hardener, Epoxy
โ Grout, Self-level mortar
โ Quartz paint, Contextra
โ Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
โ Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
Tel: 0961955555
Address: Signal, around signal mall
โ Concrete Admixtures
โ Bonding Agents
โ Waterproofings
โ Wall Putty, Prime Coat
โ Concrete Repair Mortar
โ Floor hardener, Epoxy
โ Grout, Self-level mortar
โ Quartz paint, Contextra
โ Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
โ Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
Tel: 0961955555
Address: Signal, around signal mall
โค4๐1
#ADVERTISEMENT
๐ญ๐ TSEGAYE and YOHANNES J-แฆแแต & PLATE ๐๐ ๐๐
๐งฟ OUR SERVICES โคต๏ธ
๐ฒPlate
โ๏ธ J-Bolt
โAnchor Bolt
โฝTie Rod
๐ญ๐๐scrap๐ง๐ช๐
Phone : ๐คณ0938494506
๐คณ 0951087077
๐คณ 0929044037
แฅแแแฐแแแแ::
๐แ แตแซแปแฆ แแญแซแถ แแแ แแฝ แฐแซ แจแญแต แฐแซ แจแ แฅแ
https://t.me/tsegaye2016Jbolt
๐ญ๐ TSEGAYE and YOHANNES J-แฆแแต & PLATE ๐๐ ๐๐
๐งฟ OUR SERVICES โคต๏ธ
๐ฒPlate
โ๏ธ J-Bolt
โAnchor Bolt
โฝTie Rod
๐ญ๐๐scrap๐ง๐ช๐
Phone : ๐คณ0938494506
๐คณ 0951087077
๐คณ 0929044037
แฅแแแฐแแแแ::
๐แ แตแซแปแฆ แแญแซแถ แแแ แแฝ แฐแซ แจแญแต แฐแซ แจแ แฅแ
https://t.me/tsegaye2016Jbolt
โค1
๐Damp-proof materials are essential in construction to prevent moisture from penetrating buildings, which can cause structural damage and health issues.
๐Here are the main types of damp-proof materials:
๐ท1. Flexible Damp-Proof Materials: These are used in damp-proof courses (DPC) and membranes (DPM) to block rising or lateral moisture.
โบBituminous Materials (Asphalt/Bitumen):
- Hot-laid bitumen
- Bituminous felts (reinforced or non-reinforced)
- Cold-applied bituminous coatings
โบPlastic Sheets (Polythene, PVC, HDPE):
- Low-density & high-density polyethylene (LDPE/HDPE)
- Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membranes
โบRubberized Asphalt:
- Self-adhesive membranes with rubberized bitumen
โบComposite Membranes:
- Aluminum foil-backed bitumen or plastic sheets
๐ท2. Rigid Damp-Proof Materials : These are used in foundations, basements, and floors.
โบCementitious Coatings:
- Polymer-modified cement slurry
- Crystalline waterproofing compounds
โบMetal Sheets (Lead, Copper, Aluminum):
- Used in older constructions but less common now
โบBrick & Slate Layers:
- Dense engineering bricks or slate strips in mortar
๐ท3. Liquid Damp-Proofing Compounds :Applied as coatings or injections for waterproofing.
โบEpoxy & Polyurethane Coatings:
- Used for basements, roofs, and terraces
โบSilane-Siloxane Penetrating Sealers:
- For concrete and masonry walls
โบAcrylic & Polymer-Based Coatings:
- Flexible and breathable for external walls
๐ท4. Integral Damp-Proofing Compounds : Added to concrete/mortar during mixing to reduce permeability.
โบCrystalline Waterproofing Admixtures:
- React with water to form crystals that block pores
โบPozzolanic Admixtures (Fly Ash, Silica Fume):
- Enhance concreteโs resistance to water penetration
๐ท5. Injection Damp-Proofing Materials: Used for treating rising damp in walls.
โบSiliconate & Siloxane-Based Injections:
- Hydrophobic gels or liquids that repel water
โบAcrylic & Polyurethane Resin Injections:
- Expands to fill cracks and voids
๐ท6. Cavity Wall & Drainage Membranes
โบDimpled High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE):
- Allows moisture to drain away from walls
โบGeotextile Fabrics:
- Used with drainage systems to filter and divert water
๐งSelection Factors
- Location (below-ground, walls, floors)
- Type of Damp (rising, penetrating, condensation)
- Material Compatibility (masonry, concrete, wood)
- Durability & Cost
@etconp
๐Here are the main types of damp-proof materials:
๐ท1. Flexible Damp-Proof Materials: These are used in damp-proof courses (DPC) and membranes (DPM) to block rising or lateral moisture.
โบBituminous Materials (Asphalt/Bitumen):
- Hot-laid bitumen
- Bituminous felts (reinforced or non-reinforced)
- Cold-applied bituminous coatings
โบPlastic Sheets (Polythene, PVC, HDPE):
- Low-density & high-density polyethylene (LDPE/HDPE)
- Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membranes
โบRubberized Asphalt:
- Self-adhesive membranes with rubberized bitumen
โบComposite Membranes:
- Aluminum foil-backed bitumen or plastic sheets
๐ท2. Rigid Damp-Proof Materials : These are used in foundations, basements, and floors.
โบCementitious Coatings:
- Polymer-modified cement slurry
- Crystalline waterproofing compounds
โบMetal Sheets (Lead, Copper, Aluminum):
- Used in older constructions but less common now
โบBrick & Slate Layers:
- Dense engineering bricks or slate strips in mortar
๐ท3. Liquid Damp-Proofing Compounds :Applied as coatings or injections for waterproofing.
โบEpoxy & Polyurethane Coatings:
- Used for basements, roofs, and terraces
โบSilane-Siloxane Penetrating Sealers:
- For concrete and masonry walls
โบAcrylic & Polymer-Based Coatings:
- Flexible and breathable for external walls
๐ท4. Integral Damp-Proofing Compounds : Added to concrete/mortar during mixing to reduce permeability.
โบCrystalline Waterproofing Admixtures:
- React with water to form crystals that block pores
โบPozzolanic Admixtures (Fly Ash, Silica Fume):
- Enhance concreteโs resistance to water penetration
๐ท5. Injection Damp-Proofing Materials: Used for treating rising damp in walls.
โบSiliconate & Siloxane-Based Injections:
- Hydrophobic gels or liquids that repel water
โบAcrylic & Polyurethane Resin Injections:
- Expands to fill cracks and voids
๐ท6. Cavity Wall & Drainage Membranes
โบDimpled High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE):
- Allows moisture to drain away from walls
โบGeotextile Fabrics:
- Used with drainage systems to filter and divert water
๐งSelection Factors
- Location (below-ground, walls, floors)
- Type of Damp (rising, penetrating, condensation)
- Material Compatibility (masonry, concrete, wood)
- Durability & Cost
@etconp
๐6โค5๐ฅฐ3๐ฅ1
๐แ แฒแฑ แจแ แแฎแแแ แแจแแซโผ๏ธ
๐ซแ 10 แขแแจแ แถแแญ (1.4 แตแชแแจแ แฅแญ) แขแพแแฑ แ แ แซแขแซ แแแแแฃแ แจแ แ แแชแฑ แแแ แคแญแแญแต แฒแฒ แแแฃแณ แ แแฌแ แฅแแต แจแแญแแแต แ แ แญแฆแต แตแแแแต แจแ แแชแซ แแแต แฃแแญ แฐแฐแญแแแข
๐งแแฎแแญแฑ 3,975 แแญแณแญ แแญ แแแแฃ แฒแแ 100 แแแจแ แฐแแฆแฝ แ แแแต แซแตแฐแแแณแ แฐแฅแ แญแ แ แแแข
๐ทแญแ แแแ แแฎแแญแต แ แฒแต แ แ แฃแแ แจแคแญแแญแต แจแฐแแแ แ 12 แฐแแ แแตแฅ แจแแซแแแ แแแแ แแฃแ แฃแกแฎแฝ แจแแแแก แญแแแแข
โ๏ธแคแญแแญแฑ แฒแ แแแ แ แแ แซแแแ แจแขแตแฎแตแซ แ แจแญ แแแแต แแข แ 3 แฅแฅแ แ แแณแฐแ แแแตแ แ แแแต แฅแตแจ 25 แขแแจแ แถแแญ (3.5 แตแชแแจแ แฅแญ) แแข แซแตแแแ แฐแฅแ แญแ แ แแแข
@etconp
๐ซแ 10 แขแแจแ แถแแญ (1.4 แตแชแแจแ แฅแญ) แขแพแแฑ แ แ แซแขแซ แแแแแฃแ แจแ แ แแชแฑ แแแ แคแญแแญแต แฒแฒ แแแฃแณ แ แแฌแ แฅแแต แจแแญแแแต แ แ แญแฆแต แตแแแแต แจแ แแชแซ แแแต แฃแแญ แฐแฐแญแแแข
๐งแแฎแแญแฑ 3,975 แแญแณแญ แแญ แแแแฃ แฒแแ 100 แแแจแ แฐแแฆแฝ แ แแแต แซแตแฐแแแณแ แฐแฅแ แญแ แ แแแข
๐ทแญแ แแแ แแฎแแญแต แ แฒแต แ แ แฃแแ แจแคแญแแญแต แจแฐแแแ แ 12 แฐแแ แแตแฅ แจแแซแแแ แแแแ แแฃแ แฃแกแฎแฝ แจแแแแก แญแแแแข
โ๏ธแคแญแแญแฑ แฒแ แแแ แ แแ แซแแแ แจแขแตแฎแตแซ แ แจแญ แแแแต แแข แ 3 แฅแฅแ แ แแณแฐแ แแแตแ แ แแแต แฅแตแจ 25 แขแแจแ แถแแญ (3.5 แตแชแแจแ แฅแญ) แแข แซแตแแแ แฐแฅแ แญแ แ แแแข
@etconp
โค13๐5
๐Construction chemicals
๐ซare specialized chemical compounds used in construction projects to enhance the properties of building materials, improve durability, and ensure structural integrity.
โบThey play a crucial role in modern construction by improving workability, strength, water resistance, and longevity of structures.
๐งCommon Types of Construction Chemicals:
1. Concrete Admixtures
- Water Reducers (Plasticizers & Superplasticizers) โ Improve workability without adding water.
- Accelerators โ Speed up concrete setting time (e.g., calcium chloride).
- Retarders โ Slow down setting time for long-distance transportation.
- Air-Entraining Agents โ Introduce tiny air bubbles to improve freeze-thaw resistance.
2. Waterproofing Compounds
- Used in basements, roofs, and wet areas to prevent water seepage.
- Types: Cementitious coatings, liquid membranes, bituminous coatings, polyurethane sealants.
3. Repair & Rehabilitation Mortars
- Epoxy, polymer-modified mortars for fixing cracks and restoring damaged concrete.
4. Floor Hardeners & Toppings
- Increase abrasion resistance in industrial floors (e.g., metallic & non-metallic hardeners).
5. Sealants & Joint Fillers
- Prevent leaks in joints (silicone, polyurethane, acrylic sealants).
6. Adhesives & Bonding Agents
- Epoxy and polymer-based adhesives for tile fixing, structural bonding, and anchoring.
7. Protective Coatings
- Anti-corrosive, fire-resistant, and UV-resistant coatings for steel and concrete.
8. Grouts & Anchoring Chemicals
- Used for machinery foundation, post-tensioning, and crack injection.
9. Curing Compounds
- Retain moisture in concrete to ensure proper hydration.
10. Mould Release Agents
- Prevent concrete from sticking to formwork.
โญ๏ธBenefits of Construction Chemicals:
โ Improve strength & durability
โ Enhance workability & finish
โ Reduce water usage in concrete
โ Prevent corrosion & chemical attacks
โ Extend the lifespan of structures
โถ๏ธThese chemicals are essential for modern construction, ensuring safety, sustainability, and cost-efficiency in projects ranging from residential buildings to large infrastructure.
@etconp
๐ซare specialized chemical compounds used in construction projects to enhance the properties of building materials, improve durability, and ensure structural integrity.
โบThey play a crucial role in modern construction by improving workability, strength, water resistance, and longevity of structures.
๐งCommon Types of Construction Chemicals:
1. Concrete Admixtures
- Water Reducers (Plasticizers & Superplasticizers) โ Improve workability without adding water.
- Accelerators โ Speed up concrete setting time (e.g., calcium chloride).
- Retarders โ Slow down setting time for long-distance transportation.
- Air-Entraining Agents โ Introduce tiny air bubbles to improve freeze-thaw resistance.
2. Waterproofing Compounds
- Used in basements, roofs, and wet areas to prevent water seepage.
- Types: Cementitious coatings, liquid membranes, bituminous coatings, polyurethane sealants.
3. Repair & Rehabilitation Mortars
- Epoxy, polymer-modified mortars for fixing cracks and restoring damaged concrete.
4. Floor Hardeners & Toppings
- Increase abrasion resistance in industrial floors (e.g., metallic & non-metallic hardeners).
5. Sealants & Joint Fillers
- Prevent leaks in joints (silicone, polyurethane, acrylic sealants).
6. Adhesives & Bonding Agents
- Epoxy and polymer-based adhesives for tile fixing, structural bonding, and anchoring.
7. Protective Coatings
- Anti-corrosive, fire-resistant, and UV-resistant coatings for steel and concrete.
8. Grouts & Anchoring Chemicals
- Used for machinery foundation, post-tensioning, and crack injection.
9. Curing Compounds
- Retain moisture in concrete to ensure proper hydration.
10. Mould Release Agents
- Prevent concrete from sticking to formwork.
โญ๏ธBenefits of Construction Chemicals:
โ Improve strength & durability
โ Enhance workability & finish
โ Reduce water usage in concrete
โ Prevent corrosion & chemical attacks
โ Extend the lifespan of structures
โถ๏ธThese chemicals are essential for modern construction, ensuring safety, sustainability, and cost-efficiency in projects ranging from residential buildings to large infrastructure.
@etconp
โค15๐3
๐Mat foundations also known as raft foundations, are large, continuous slabs that support the entire structure.
โบThey are used when soil bearing capacity is low or when the structure requires uniform support.
โญ๏ธHere are the main types of mat foundations:
๐ท1. Flat Plate Mat (Uniform Thickness Slab)
- Simplest type, with a constant thickness.
- Suitable for light to moderate loads with uniform column spacing.
- Requires less reinforcement but may need thickening under heavy columns.
๐ท2. Flat Plate Thickened Under Columns
- Similar to a flat plate but with additional thickness beneath columns to handle higher shear and bending moments.
- More economical for structures with varying column loads.
๐ท3. Beam and Slab Mat (Ribbed Mat Foundation)
- Consists of a slab with reinforced beams (ribs) running along column lines.
- Provides greater stiffness and is used for heavy or uneven column loads.
- Reduces slab thickness by concentrating reinforcement in beams.
๐ท4. Cellular Mat Foundation (Box-Type Mat)
- Consists of interlocking top and bottom slabs with vertical ribs, forming a rigid box-like structure.
- Used for very heavy loads (e.g., high-rise buildings, industrial structures).
- Provides high resistance to differential settlement.
๐ท5. Piled Raft Foundation (Combined Pile-Mat Foundation)
- Combines a mat foundation with deep piles to enhance load-bearing capacity.
- Used in very weak soils where a conventional mat would settle excessively.
- Piles help reduce settlement and improve stability.
๐ท6. Slab with Basement Walls as Deep Beams
- Uses perimeter basement walls as deep beams to stiffen the foundation.
- Suitable for buildings with basements where walls contribute to structural rigidity.
๐ซSelection Factors:
- Soil conditions
- Load distribution
- Column spacing
- Construction cost & complexity
โบEach type is chosen based on structural requirements and geotechnical conditions to ensure stability and minimize settlement.
@etconp
โบThey are used when soil bearing capacity is low or when the structure requires uniform support.
โญ๏ธHere are the main types of mat foundations:
๐ท1. Flat Plate Mat (Uniform Thickness Slab)
- Simplest type, with a constant thickness.
- Suitable for light to moderate loads with uniform column spacing.
- Requires less reinforcement but may need thickening under heavy columns.
๐ท2. Flat Plate Thickened Under Columns
- Similar to a flat plate but with additional thickness beneath columns to handle higher shear and bending moments.
- More economical for structures with varying column loads.
๐ท3. Beam and Slab Mat (Ribbed Mat Foundation)
- Consists of a slab with reinforced beams (ribs) running along column lines.
- Provides greater stiffness and is used for heavy or uneven column loads.
- Reduces slab thickness by concentrating reinforcement in beams.
๐ท4. Cellular Mat Foundation (Box-Type Mat)
- Consists of interlocking top and bottom slabs with vertical ribs, forming a rigid box-like structure.
- Used for very heavy loads (e.g., high-rise buildings, industrial structures).
- Provides high resistance to differential settlement.
๐ท5. Piled Raft Foundation (Combined Pile-Mat Foundation)
- Combines a mat foundation with deep piles to enhance load-bearing capacity.
- Used in very weak soils where a conventional mat would settle excessively.
- Piles help reduce settlement and improve stability.
๐ท6. Slab with Basement Walls as Deep Beams
- Uses perimeter basement walls as deep beams to stiffen the foundation.
- Suitable for buildings with basements where walls contribute to structural rigidity.
๐ซSelection Factors:
- Soil conditions
- Load distribution
- Column spacing
- Construction cost & complexity
โบEach type is chosen based on structural requirements and geotechnical conditions to ensure stability and minimize settlement.
@etconp
โค9