๐แจแ แแฝ - แฎแแฆแแป - แแซ แแ แซ แฅแ แจแแซ แแ แซ - แแแ แจแฃแกแญ แแตแแฎแฝ แแแฃแณ แแแแญ แแ แฐแฃแ
๐ แจแขแตแฎแตแซ แแตแญ แฃแกแญ แฎแญแแฌแฝแแฃ แ 2013 แ.แ แ แฐแแ แขแตแฎแตแซ แ แฐแจแฐแฐแ แแญแต แแญแแซแต แแแฃแณแธแ แฐแแญแ แ แจแแ แฉแตแ แจแฃแกแญ แแแแถแฝ แแแฃแณ แแแตแแแญ แจแแซแตแฝแ แแแแแแฝ แแ แแแแ แ แตแณแแแแกแก
๐ทแแแจแแ แขแตแฎแตแซแ แจแฐแแ แแญ แแแแแแต แจแฐแแฐแแต แจแฃแกแญ แแตแแฎแนแฆ
๐ถ แจแ แแฝ - แฎแแฆแแป - แแซ แแ แซ 392 แชแ แแตแญแฃ
๐ถ แจแแซ แแ แซ - แแแ 268 แชแ แแตแญ แญแแแต แ แแธแแกแก
๐ซแแฎแแญแถแนแฃ แจแปแญแ แจแแญแแแต แฐแแแตแ แจแแฎ แ แ แฅแแแ แ แแญ แฅแตแญ แจแแ แฉ แแแแธแแ แจแแแญ แแตแฅ แแฒแซ แแแงแแกแก
๐ค แฎแญแแฌแฝแ แ แแแฑ แแตแฅ แจแแแฃแณ แแฎแแญแถแฝ แฅแ แจแแแฝ แจแแแต แฅแแ แตแแดแแฝ 710 แแแฎแ แฅแญ แแข แขแซแแแแฃ แจแฃแกแญ แแฒแต แแฎแแญแถแฝ แแญ แ แฐแซแซแ แ แแญ แแณ แซแ แแตแฅ แฅแแฐแแแ แแแแแ แแญ แฐแ แ แทแแกแก
@etconp
๐ แจแขแตแฎแตแซ แแตแญ แฃแกแญ แฎแญแแฌแฝแแฃ แ 2013 แ.แ แ แฐแแ แขแตแฎแตแซ แ แฐแจแฐแฐแ แแญแต แแญแแซแต แแแฃแณแธแ แฐแแญแ แ แจแแ แฉแตแ แจแฃแกแญ แแแแถแฝ แแแฃแณ แแแตแแแญ แจแแซแตแฝแ แแแแแแฝ แแ แแแแ แ แตแณแแแแกแก
๐ทแแแจแแ แขแตแฎแตแซแ แจแฐแแ แแญ แแแแแแต แจแฐแแฐแแต แจแฃแกแญ แแตแแฎแนแฆ
๐ถ แจแ แแฝ - แฎแแฆแแป - แแซ แแ แซ 392 แชแ แแตแญแฃ
๐ถ แจแแซ แแ แซ - แแแ 268 แชแ แแตแญ แญแแแต แ แแธแแกแก
๐ซแแฎแแญแถแนแฃ แจแปแญแ แจแแญแแแต แฐแแแตแ แจแแฎ แ แ แฅแแแ แ แแญ แฅแตแญ แจแแ แฉ แแแแธแแ แจแแแญ แแตแฅ แแฒแซ แแแงแแกแก
๐ค แฎแญแแฌแฝแ แ แแแฑ แแตแฅ แจแแแฃแณ แแฎแแญแถแฝ แฅแ แจแแแฝ แจแแแต แฅแแ แตแแดแแฝ 710 แแแฎแ แฅแญ แแข แขแซแแแแฃ แจแฃแกแญ แแฒแต แแฎแแญแถแฝ แแญ แ แฐแซแซแ แ แแญ แแณ แซแ แแตแฅ แฅแแฐแแแ แแแแแ แแญ แฐแ แ แทแแกแก
@etconp
โค12๐1๐ญ1
2577. Which of the following is a key difference between short columns and long columns?
Anonymous Quiz
66%
Long columns have a higher slenderness ratio compared to short columns
10%
Short columns fail due to buckling, while long columns fail due to crushing
17%
Long columns experience pure axial compression, while short columns experience lateral deflection
8%
Short columns are only used in steel structures, while long columns are used in concrete structures
โค9๐7
2580. Aerated concrete is manufactured by expanding the binding material mix by:
Anonymous Quiz
29%
(a) foam forming agents
20%
(b) vibrating the mix thoroughly
15%
(c) reduction of coarse aggregates
36%
(d) gas forming substances
โค8
2593. Which of the following is the most accurate method of estimation?
Anonymous Quiz
7%
Thorough estimate
13%
Cube rate estimate
14%
Total quantity method
66%
Unit quantity method
โค5๐1
2594. A sample of coarse aggregate weighing 5 kg is fully immersed in water for 24 hours. After surface-drying, its weight is found to be 5.08 kg. If the oven-dried weight of the sample is 5 kg, what is the water absorption percentage of the aggregate?
Anonymous Quiz
11%
4%
21%
2.5%
10%
3%
58%
1.6%
โค4๐2
2598. Calculate the effective length of a steel column of length 3 m that is effectively held in position at both ends and restrained in rotation at one end?
Anonymous Quiz
10%
1.4 m
17%
1 m
46%
2.4 m
26%
3.4 m
๐7โค3
2602. Which of following is/are method of traversing with theodolite ?
Anonymous Quiz
6%
(a) Loose needle method
11%
(b) Fast angle method
38%
(c) Deflection angle method
45%
(d) All of above
๐7
2612. Calculate the theoretical weight of a steel bar of length 8 m and diameter 20 mm. Take density of steel as 7850 kg/cum.
Anonymous Quiz
60%
19.72 kg
17%
12.56 kg
10%
15.58 kg
12%
17.77 kg
โค8
2620. P. The plasticity index of a soil is measure of the amount of clay in the soil.
Q. When silt is added to clay, the plasticity index of the resulting soil increases.
Q. When silt is added to clay, the plasticity index of the resulting soil increases.
Anonymous Quiz
37%
Both P and Q
15%
Q only
19%
Neither P nor Q
29%
P only
๐8
2618. Full form of CBR test on soil is
Anonymous Quiz
9%
(a) California Bearing Reading
5%
(b) California Bearing Retention
16%
(c) Central Bearing Ratio
71%
(d) California Bearing Ratio
๐7โค1
2625. High Strength bolt (HSFG) is used for _____.
Anonymous Quiz
23%
(a) Shear Connection
7%
(b) Slip Resistance Connection Only
15%
(c) Bearing Type Connection Only
55%
(d) Both Slip Resistance and Bearing Type Connection
๐6โค1
2632. Which of the following constant factors relates stress in the steel linearly with stress in adjoining concrete?
Anonymous Quiz
47%
Young's modulus
19%
Shear modulus
18%
Poisson's ratio
15%
Modular ratio
๐6โค2
2633. In the design of RCC structures, the limit state of collapse deals with
Anonymous Quiz
7%
Leakage of water in the structure
11%
Loss of durability
73%
The strength of the structure under the maximum design load
10%
Discomfort caused by excessive deflection
โค5๐2
2647. In case of volume batching followed for the manufacture of cement concrete, generally, the volume of one bag of cement is considered as
Anonymous Quiz
37%
50 litres
19%
25 litres
37%
35 litres
6%
42 litres
โค3๐3
2653. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using Bitumen for roads?
Anonymous Quiz
59%
(a) Quick failure
16%
(b) Smooth ride Surface
14%
(c) Staged Construction
11%
(d) Quick repair
โค3๐1
2650. Which of the following is the correct formula for Pascal's Law?
F = Force, P = Pressure, A = Area of cross-section
F = Force, P = Pressure, A = Area of cross-section
Anonymous Quiz
41%
(a) F = P / A
8%
(b) F = A / P
3%
(c) F = P + A
49%
(d) F = PA
๐8โค2
2654. Which of the following properties is the quantity of work required to cause its failure per its unit volume in construction materials?
Anonymous Quiz
37%
(a) Impact strength
36%
(b) Creep
12%
(c) Thermal Conductivity
16%
(d) Ductility
๐4๐4โค1
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๐ญ๐ TSEGAYE and YOHANNES J-แฆแแต & PLATE ๐๐ ๐๐
๐งฟ OUR SERVICES โคต๏ธ
๐ฒPlate
โ๏ธ J-Bolt
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๐ญ๐๐scrap๐ง๐ช๐
Phone : ๐คณ0938494506
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https://t.me/tsegaye2016Jbolt
โค1
๐MONOLOTIC CONCRETE POURING [PART-1]
๐ซIn a "monolithic concrete" approach, the 1st floor columns and the 1st+1 floor beam and slab are poured simultaneously as a single, cohesive unit, creating a strong and integrated structure.
๐Here's a more detailed explanation:
๐ฒWhat is a Monolithic Pour?
โบ"Monolithic" in this context means "all in one pour," where the concrete for the columns and the slab is poured together, forming a single, continuous structure.
โบThis method is also sometimes referred to as a "simultaneous pour".
โญ๏ธBenefits of Monolithic Construction:
โ๏ธFaster construction:
Poured as a single unit, monolithic construction can significantly reduce construction time compared to separate pours.
โ๏ธStronger structure:
The integrated nature of the columns and slab creates a more robust and stable structure.
โ๏ธReduced labor costs:
The simplified process can lead to lower labor costs.
๐ทHow it's done?
๐งSite Preparation:
The ground needs to be properly compacted and free of organic matter, and the soil needs to be well-drained.
๐งFormwork:
Formwork (the molds that hold the concrete in place) needs to be carefully constructed to ensure the correct shape and dimensions of the columns and slab.
๐งReinforcement:
Steel reinforcement (rebar) is placed within the formwork to provide tensile strength to the concrete.
๐งConcrete Pour:
The concrete is poured into the formwork in a single, continuous process.
๐งCuring:
The concrete is then allowed to cure properly, typically by keeping it moist for a certain period.
@etconp
๐ซIn a "monolithic concrete" approach, the 1st floor columns and the 1st+1 floor beam and slab are poured simultaneously as a single, cohesive unit, creating a strong and integrated structure.
๐Here's a more detailed explanation:
๐ฒWhat is a Monolithic Pour?
โบ"Monolithic" in this context means "all in one pour," where the concrete for the columns and the slab is poured together, forming a single, continuous structure.
โบThis method is also sometimes referred to as a "simultaneous pour".
โญ๏ธBenefits of Monolithic Construction:
โ๏ธFaster construction:
Poured as a single unit, monolithic construction can significantly reduce construction time compared to separate pours.
โ๏ธStronger structure:
The integrated nature of the columns and slab creates a more robust and stable structure.
โ๏ธReduced labor costs:
The simplified process can lead to lower labor costs.
๐ทHow it's done?
๐งSite Preparation:
The ground needs to be properly compacted and free of organic matter, and the soil needs to be well-drained.
๐งFormwork:
Formwork (the molds that hold the concrete in place) needs to be carefully constructed to ensure the correct shape and dimensions of the columns and slab.
๐งReinforcement:
Steel reinforcement (rebar) is placed within the formwork to provide tensile strength to the concrete.
๐งConcrete Pour:
The concrete is poured into the formwork in a single, continuous process.
๐งCuring:
The concrete is then allowed to cure properly, typically by keeping it moist for a certain period.
@etconp
โค12
๐MONOLOTIC CONCRETE POURING [PART-2]
๐ซTypes of Monolithic Structures:
โญ๏ธMonolithic Slab Foundations:
These are common for houses and other buildings, where the foundation and the first floor slab are poured together.
โญ๏ธMonolithic Slabs with Beams and Columns:
In some cases, beams and columns can also be poured monolithically with the slab, creating a more complex and integrated structure.
๐PROBLEMS IN MONOLOTIC CASTING:
โบWhen casting 1st floor columns and the 1st+1 floor beam and slab monolithically (as a single piece), potential problems include differential shrinkage and stress concentration at the column-slab interface, requiring careful design and construction practices to mitigate these issues.
๐ทHere's a more detailed explanation:
๐ฒ1. Differential Shrinkage:
โนMoisture Loss:
Concrete shrinks as it dries out, and the bottom concrete, enclosed by soil and moisture barriers, cures more slowly than the top concrete.
โนReinforcement:
Reinforcement, if placed in the bottom of the slab, further restricts the bottom concrete from shrinking.
โนCracking:
The top concrete shrinks more and faster than the bottom, leading to cracking at the column-slab interface.
๐ฒ2. Stress Concentration:
โนInterface:
The point where the slab and column meet experiences high stresses.
โนDeflection:
If the slab deflects, the bottom surface at mid-span might contact the beam's top flange, further concentrating stress.
๐ฒ3. Mitigating the Problems:
๐Design Considerations:
โบReinforcement:
Carefully design the reinforcement to accommodate shrinkage stresses and ensure adequate strength at the column-slab interface.
โบJoints:
Consider using control joints or expansion joints to manage shrinkage and prevent excessive cracking.
โบCuring:
Proper curing techniques, such as maintaining moisture, can help reduce shrinkage.
๐Construction Practices:
โบCast Separately:
In some cases, it might be preferable to cast the columns and slab separately, allowing for independent movement and reducing stress concentration.
โบFormwork:
Use proper formwork to ensure accurate placement of the reinforcement and concrete.
โบConstruction Sequence:
Ensure that the columns are fully cured before casting the slab to minimize shrinkage effects.
โ๏ธOther Considerations
๐ฐSlab Thickness:
Ensure the slab thickness is adequate for the intended load and span.
๐ฐReinforcement Placement:
Properly place reinforcement to resist bending and shear stresses.
๐ฐJoint Spacing:
Evaluate rheological properties of concrete mix, type of aggregate, its volumetric concentration and impurity to determine proper joint spacing
@etconp
๐ซTypes of Monolithic Structures:
โญ๏ธMonolithic Slab Foundations:
These are common for houses and other buildings, where the foundation and the first floor slab are poured together.
โญ๏ธMonolithic Slabs with Beams and Columns:
In some cases, beams and columns can also be poured monolithically with the slab, creating a more complex and integrated structure.
๐PROBLEMS IN MONOLOTIC CASTING:
โบWhen casting 1st floor columns and the 1st+1 floor beam and slab monolithically (as a single piece), potential problems include differential shrinkage and stress concentration at the column-slab interface, requiring careful design and construction practices to mitigate these issues.
๐ทHere's a more detailed explanation:
๐ฒ1. Differential Shrinkage:
โนMoisture Loss:
Concrete shrinks as it dries out, and the bottom concrete, enclosed by soil and moisture barriers, cures more slowly than the top concrete.
โนReinforcement:
Reinforcement, if placed in the bottom of the slab, further restricts the bottom concrete from shrinking.
โนCracking:
The top concrete shrinks more and faster than the bottom, leading to cracking at the column-slab interface.
๐ฒ2. Stress Concentration:
โนInterface:
The point where the slab and column meet experiences high stresses.
โนDeflection:
If the slab deflects, the bottom surface at mid-span might contact the beam's top flange, further concentrating stress.
๐ฒ3. Mitigating the Problems:
๐Design Considerations:
โบReinforcement:
Carefully design the reinforcement to accommodate shrinkage stresses and ensure adequate strength at the column-slab interface.
โบJoints:
Consider using control joints or expansion joints to manage shrinkage and prevent excessive cracking.
โบCuring:
Proper curing techniques, such as maintaining moisture, can help reduce shrinkage.
๐Construction Practices:
โบCast Separately:
In some cases, it might be preferable to cast the columns and slab separately, allowing for independent movement and reducing stress concentration.
โบFormwork:
Use proper formwork to ensure accurate placement of the reinforcement and concrete.
โบConstruction Sequence:
Ensure that the columns are fully cured before casting the slab to minimize shrinkage effects.
โ๏ธOther Considerations
๐ฐSlab Thickness:
Ensure the slab thickness is adequate for the intended load and span.
๐ฐReinforcement Placement:
Properly place reinforcement to resist bending and shear stresses.
๐ฐJoint Spacing:
Evaluate rheological properties of concrete mix, type of aggregate, its volumetric concentration and impurity to determine proper joint spacing
@etconp
โค14