👉Technical Name?

💫The purpose is to maintain the correct cover between the reinforcement bars and the formwork during casting.

⏺This ensures that the steel reinforcement is properly positioned and fully surrounded by concrete, providing protection against corrosion, fire, and other environmental effects.

⏺By keeping the required cover intact, concrete spacers help improve the durability, strength, and overall lifespan of the structure.

#construction #civilengineering

@etconp

👉To optimize shear reinforcement in concrete beams, it is essential to carefully assess shear force distribution throughout the structure.

💫Specifically, consider incrementing the spacing of shear reinforcement in the central region of the beam, where shear forces tend to be lower, to reduce material usage without compromising structural integrity.

⏺In addition, employing L-shaped or U-shaped reinforcing bars (rebars) can significantly improve the connection between structural elements, such as foundation beams and slabs.

⏺This method enhances the bond strength and overall stability of the assembly, ensuring better load transfer.

⏺For taller beams, it is advisable to utilize two U-shaped rebars.

⏺This approach not only accommodates better tolerances during construction but also facilitates easier handling, minimizing the risk of bending or damage to the reinforcement during installation.

⏺these details will ultimately enhance the performance and durability of concrete beams in the structure.

@etconp

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👉What Is The Purpuse Of Bend Bar

💫The bent bars, also known as crank bars or bent-up bars, are used in reinforced concrete construction to resist negative bending moments at supports.

🚧These moments are caused by the tension forces that occur at the top of a slab or beam near a support.

❇️The bent-up bars help to prevent the concrete from failing in these areas by providing reinforcement where it is most needed.

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@etconp

👉Why Column Hook Provide 135° Not 90°?

💫The 135° hook in column reinforcement (or bar bending) is typically used to ensure the proper anchorage and bonding of steel reinforcement bars (rebars) in concrete structures, such as columns, beams, or slabs.

⏺This hook is commonly seen in the design of reinforcement for columns and is part of the detailing rules set out in building codes to ensure structural integrity.

🚧Reasons for the 135° Hook:

⏺Enhanced Anchorage: The primary purpose of the 135° hook is to provide a stronger and more reliable anchorage for the steel reinforcement. The hook essentially helps in preventing the bar from slipping out of its place within the concrete, which could otherwise reduce the load-carrying capacity of the column.

⏺Strengthening the Column: In columns, where vertical load-bearing is crucial, ensuring that the steel bars do not slip or pull out under load is essential. A 135° hook (instead of a simpler 90° hook) increases the mechanical bond between the bar and the surrounding concrete.

⏺Reduction of Stress Concentration: A 135° hook spreads out the stress over a larger area compared to a 90° hook, helping to avoid localized stresses that might lead to cracking or failure.

⏺Compliance with Codes: Many building codes (e.g., ACI, IS codes) require a 135° hook for better safety and performance. These codes are based on extensive research and practical observations, aiming to optimize the reinforcement layout for safety and durability.

⏺Preventing Bar Pull-out: Columns are subject to both axial loads and bending moments, and the 135° hook helps prevent the rebar from being pulled out of the concrete under such loads, particularly when the bars are subject to tension forces.

📜Why Not 90°?

🎲A 90° hook is often used, but it provides less anchorage than a 135° hook.

❇️The latter provides a larger contact area between the rebar and concrete, and it also reduces the chances of bar slippage or displacement during the concrete setting process or under load.

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👉What Is Plastering

💫Plastering is coating which may apply by thin successive layers on a vertical supports of masonry or concrete with a decorative and/or protection aim or to standardize a surface need to support another coating (paint for example).

🚧And plastering worker is a worker who works the mortar covering on walls and usually builds work where the cement or the lime is one of the main constituent.

⏺Before starting plastering the structure which is required for plastering should chiseled used for surface to holding the mortar but in the case of ribbed slab no need of chiseling because HCB can trap the mortar easily.

🏷Plastering work has three coats (layers):-

📍1. First coat “በራሪ ግርፍ”

🔸Mix proportion, 1:4 (cement sand by volume with sufficient water) of mortar
🔸Spread by trowel & allowed to cure for 24 hrs before applying second coat.
🔸Has thickness of 0.5 – 1 cm , which is plastered by mortar

📍2. Second coat “ሙሌት”

🔸This layer is about 1.5cm-2.5cm which is done by mortar
🔸Mix ratio is 1:4 (cement: sand by volume)
🔸Set for 21days, before third coat started.

📍3. Third coat (fine coat) “ፊኖ”

🔸Mix ratio is 1:1 (one bag cement and one box of sand)
🔸Which is done to make the slab, wall & column smooth
🔸The sand for this task should be sieved to make smooth
Plastering of slab was started after leveled by” gomawuhalik” then make align by string with the needed thickness this is called locally “fasha”. Thickness for fashais take from10 up to 15-cm. In case of quantifying the plastering work all works except the gutter measured in meter square (m2) and the gutter is in meter linear

🎲Requirements of good plastering

🔸It should provide smooth, non-absorb ante and washable surface.
🔸It should not contract in volume while drying and setting.
🔸It should adhere firmly to the surface and resist the effect of weather.

@etconp