👉Why Column Hook Provide 135° Not 90°?
💫The 135° hook in column reinforcement (or bar bending) is typically used to ensure the proper anchorage and bonding of steel reinforcement bars (rebars) in concrete structures, such as columns, beams, or slabs.
⏺This hook is commonly seen in the design of reinforcement for columns and is part of the detailing rules set out in building codes to ensure structural integrity.
🚧Reasons for the 135° Hook:
⏺Enhanced Anchorage: The primary purpose of the 135° hook is to provide a stronger and more reliable anchorage for the steel reinforcement. The hook essentially helps in preventing the bar from slipping out of its place within the concrete, which could otherwise reduce the load-carrying capacity of the column.
⏺Strengthening the Column: In columns, where vertical load-bearing is crucial, ensuring that the steel bars do not slip or pull out under load is essential. A 135° hook (instead of a simpler 90° hook) increases the mechanical bond between the bar and the surrounding concrete.
⏺Reduction of Stress Concentration: A 135° hook spreads out the stress over a larger area compared to a 90° hook, helping to avoid localized stresses that might lead to cracking or failure.
⏺Compliance with Codes: Many building codes (e.g., ACI, IS codes) require a 135° hook for better safety and performance. These codes are based on extensive research and practical observations, aiming to optimize the reinforcement layout for safety and durability.
⏺Preventing Bar Pull-out: Columns are subject to both axial loads and bending moments, and the 135° hook helps prevent the rebar from being pulled out of the concrete under such loads, particularly when the bars are subject to tension forces.
📜Why Not 90°?
🎲A 90° hook is often used, but it provides less anchorage than a 135° hook.
❇️The latter provides a larger contact area between the rebar and concrete, and it also reduces the chances of bar slippage or displacement during the concrete setting process or under load.
📍Fot More Construction Info Join Our Youtube Channel👇
https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction?si=YPBAC3MRTl5Uu6BK
@Eagleng
💫The 135° hook in column reinforcement (or bar bending) is typically used to ensure the proper anchorage and bonding of steel reinforcement bars (rebars) in concrete structures, such as columns, beams, or slabs.
⏺This hook is commonly seen in the design of reinforcement for columns and is part of the detailing rules set out in building codes to ensure structural integrity.
🚧Reasons for the 135° Hook:
⏺Enhanced Anchorage: The primary purpose of the 135° hook is to provide a stronger and more reliable anchorage for the steel reinforcement. The hook essentially helps in preventing the bar from slipping out of its place within the concrete, which could otherwise reduce the load-carrying capacity of the column.
⏺Strengthening the Column: In columns, where vertical load-bearing is crucial, ensuring that the steel bars do not slip or pull out under load is essential. A 135° hook (instead of a simpler 90° hook) increases the mechanical bond between the bar and the surrounding concrete.
⏺Reduction of Stress Concentration: A 135° hook spreads out the stress over a larger area compared to a 90° hook, helping to avoid localized stresses that might lead to cracking or failure.
⏺Compliance with Codes: Many building codes (e.g., ACI, IS codes) require a 135° hook for better safety and performance. These codes are based on extensive research and practical observations, aiming to optimize the reinforcement layout for safety and durability.
⏺Preventing Bar Pull-out: Columns are subject to both axial loads and bending moments, and the 135° hook helps prevent the rebar from being pulled out of the concrete under such loads, particularly when the bars are subject to tension forces.
📜Why Not 90°?
🎲A 90° hook is often used, but it provides less anchorage than a 135° hook.
❇️The latter provides a larger contact area between the rebar and concrete, and it also reduces the chances of bar slippage or displacement during the concrete setting process or under load.
📍Fot More Construction Info Join Our Youtube Channel👇
https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction?si=YPBAC3MRTl5Uu6BK
@Eagleng
❤12👏4
👉What Is Plastering
💫Plastering is coating which may apply by thin successive layers on a vertical supports of masonry or concrete with a decorative and/or protection aim or to standardize a surface need to support another coating (paint for example).
🚧And plastering worker is a worker who works the mortar covering on walls and usually builds work where the cement or the lime is one of the main constituent.
⏺Before starting plastering the structure which is required for plastering should chiseled used for surface to holding the mortar but in the case of ribbed slab no need of chiseling because HCB can trap the mortar easily.
🏷Plastering work has three coats (layers):-
📍1. First coat “በራሪ ግርፍ”
🔸Mix proportion, 1:4 (cement sand by volume with sufficient water) of mortar
🔸Spread by trowel & allowed to cure for 24 hrs before applying second coat.
🔸Has thickness of 0.5 – 1 cm , which is plastered by mortar
📍2. Second coat “ሙሌት”
🔸This layer is about 1.5cm-2.5cm which is done by mortar
🔸Mix ratio is 1:4 (cement: sand by volume)
🔸Set for 21days, before third coat started.
📍3. Third coat (fine coat) “ፊኖ”
🔸Mix ratio is 1:1 (one bag cement and one box of sand)
🔸Which is done to make the slab, wall & column smooth
🔸The sand for this task should be sieved to make smooth
Plastering of slab was started after leveled by” gomawuhalik” then make align by string with the needed thickness this is called locally “fasha”. Thickness for fashais take from10 up to 15-cm. In case of quantifying the plastering work all works except the gutter measured in meter square (m2) and the gutter is in meter linear
🎲Requirements of good plastering
🔸It should provide smooth, non-absorb ante and washable surface.
🔸It should not contract in volume while drying and setting.
🔸It should adhere firmly to the surface and resist the effect of weather.
@etconp
💫Plastering is coating which may apply by thin successive layers on a vertical supports of masonry or concrete with a decorative and/or protection aim or to standardize a surface need to support another coating (paint for example).
🚧And plastering worker is a worker who works the mortar covering on walls and usually builds work where the cement or the lime is one of the main constituent.
⏺Before starting plastering the structure which is required for plastering should chiseled used for surface to holding the mortar but in the case of ribbed slab no need of chiseling because HCB can trap the mortar easily.
🏷Plastering work has three coats (layers):-
📍1. First coat “በራሪ ግርፍ”
🔸Mix proportion, 1:4 (cement sand by volume with sufficient water) of mortar
🔸Spread by trowel & allowed to cure for 24 hrs before applying second coat.
🔸Has thickness of 0.5 – 1 cm , which is plastered by mortar
📍2. Second coat “ሙሌት”
🔸This layer is about 1.5cm-2.5cm which is done by mortar
🔸Mix ratio is 1:4 (cement: sand by volume)
🔸Set for 21days, before third coat started.
📍3. Third coat (fine coat) “ፊኖ”
🔸Mix ratio is 1:1 (one bag cement and one box of sand)
🔸Which is done to make the slab, wall & column smooth
🔸The sand for this task should be sieved to make smooth
Plastering of slab was started after leveled by” gomawuhalik” then make align by string with the needed thickness this is called locally “fasha”. Thickness for fashais take from10 up to 15-cm. In case of quantifying the plastering work all works except the gutter measured in meter square (m2) and the gutter is in meter linear
🎲Requirements of good plastering
🔸It should provide smooth, non-absorb ante and washable surface.
🔸It should not contract in volume while drying and setting.
🔸It should adhere firmly to the surface and resist the effect of weather.
@etconp
❤16👍5🙏2
👉ይህ ቦታ በዱባይ Al Warsan ተብሎ በሚጠራ የከተማው ክፍል በ800 ሄክታር መሬት ላይ ተንሰራፍቶ የሚገኝ አስደናቂ የሪል ስቴት ግንባታን የሚያሳይ ሥራ ነው።
💫Nakheel property በተባለ የሪል ስቴት ገንቢ ድርጅት የተገነባው ይህ መንደር፣ መገኛው ከዱባይ አለም አቀፍ ኤርፖርት 9 ኪሎ ሜትር ርቀት ላይ ነው።
🚧መጠሪያው ደግሞ International City ይባላል።
🏷የዚህ ግዙፍ መንደር ልማት የተካሄደው በተለያዩ ክላስተሮች ተከፋፍሎ ነው።
⏺እያንዳንዱ ክላስተር የራሱ መጠሪያ አለው የቻይና ሰፈር፣ የኢንግሊዝ መንደር፣ የስፔን ግቢ፣ የፈረንሳይ እና የሞሮኮ ሰፈሮችም በጥቂቱ የሚጠቀሱ ቦታዎችም ይገኙበታል።
⏺አካባቢው የመኖሪያና የንግድ ሥራዎች የሚካሄዱበት ሲሆን፣ በዘመናዊ እና በፕላን ከመገንባቱ በተጨማሪ ማራኪ ኪነ ሕንፃን ከመሆኑም በላይ እያንዳንዱ ሕንፃ እና ሰፈር የተለያዩ ሀገሮች የግንባታ ይዘትን እንዲወክል ተደርጎ የተገነባ ዘመናዊ መንደር ነው።
Via ኢንፍራኮን ሚዲያ
@etconp
💫Nakheel property በተባለ የሪል ስቴት ገንቢ ድርጅት የተገነባው ይህ መንደር፣ መገኛው ከዱባይ አለም አቀፍ ኤርፖርት 9 ኪሎ ሜትር ርቀት ላይ ነው።
🚧መጠሪያው ደግሞ International City ይባላል።
🏷የዚህ ግዙፍ መንደር ልማት የተካሄደው በተለያዩ ክላስተሮች ተከፋፍሎ ነው።
⏺እያንዳንዱ ክላስተር የራሱ መጠሪያ አለው የቻይና ሰፈር፣ የኢንግሊዝ መንደር፣ የስፔን ግቢ፣ የፈረንሳይ እና የሞሮኮ ሰፈሮችም በጥቂቱ የሚጠቀሱ ቦታዎችም ይገኙበታል።
⏺አካባቢው የመኖሪያና የንግድ ሥራዎች የሚካሄዱበት ሲሆን፣ በዘመናዊ እና በፕላን ከመገንባቱ በተጨማሪ ማራኪ ኪነ ሕንፃን ከመሆኑም በላይ እያንዳንዱ ሕንፃ እና ሰፈር የተለያዩ ሀገሮች የግንባታ ይዘትን እንዲወክል ተደርጎ የተገነባ ዘመናዊ መንደር ነው።
Via ኢንፍራኮን ሚዲያ
@etconp
❤10🔥5
What is the maximum permissible differential settlement for isolated foundation on clay as per I.S code ?
Anonymous Quiz
29%
25 mm
13%
30 mm
43%
25 mm to 40 mm
10%
40 mm
5%
65 mm
❤10
Anchor bolt are provided in column mainly due to see which function /functions?
1. Resist tension force 2. Keep the column upright during erection 3. Serve as reinforcement in concrete pedestal below the base plate
1. Resist tension force 2. Keep the column upright during erection 3. Serve as reinforcement in concrete pedestal below the base plate
Anonymous Quiz
22%
1 & 3 only
34%
2 & 3 only
19%
1 & 2 only
25%
All of these above
👏4❤1
The test used to evaluate the load supporting capacity of supporting power of pavement layers is
Anonymous Quiz
15%
California resistance value test
20%
Plate bearing test
55%
California bearing ratio test
10%
Triaxial test
❤6
Plastic shrinkage can be reduced by:
Anonymous Quiz
8%
Using aggregate of bigger size
9%
Replacing cement with other pozzolanic materials
31%
Preventing rapid loss of water from the surface
11%
Dense compacting
40%
All of these
👏6❤3
The optimum number of revolution in which concrete is required to be mixed in a mixer machine is
Anonymous Quiz
30%
25 revolution in 3 minute
26%
20 revolution in 2.5 or 3 minute
32%
25 revolution in 3 or 4 minute
11%
30 revolution in 3 or 4 minute
❤6
For self - compacted concrete water / powder ratio by volume should be
Anonymous Quiz
45%
0.8 to 1.0
27%
1.2 to 1.4
18%
2 to 3
10%
1 to 1.2
👏3❤2
Cone dimensions of slump test , Bottom diameter , top diameter , height respectively is.
Anonymous Quiz
20%
7 , 3 , 13 inch
24%
6, 2 , 14 inch
35%
9 , 3 , 15 inch
21%
8 , 3 , 12 inch
❤6
Study the following statements and identify the correct options:
1. The going of step is the vertical distance between two successive riser - faces
2.String is the sloping members which support the steps in a stair. They run along the slope if the stair.
1. The going of step is the vertical distance between two successive riser - faces
2.String is the sloping members which support the steps in a stair. They run along the slope if the stair.
Anonymous Quiz
25%
A is true but B is fasle
32%
A is false but B is true
30%
Both are true
8%
Both are fasle
4%
Information insufficient
❤3🎉2
Pick up the incorrect statement from the following.
Anonymous Quiz
24%
In the heel slab of retaining wall, reinforcement is provided at the bottom of the slab
25%
In the stem of retaining wall, reinforcement is provided near the earth side
26%
In the toe slab of retaining wall, reinforcement is provided at the bottom of the slab
25%
None of the above
❤8
The effective length of compression flange of a simply support beam not restrained against rotation torsion at ends is K times the span , where k is
Anonymous Quiz
24%
1.20
25%
0.70
39%
0.85
12%
1.0
🙏6❤1🔥1
The effective length of a masonry wall depends on:
Anonymous Quiz
65%
A) Thickness of wall
13%
B) Type of mortar
19%
C) End conditions
4%
D) Type of plaster used
🔥2❤1
For masonry walls subjected to axial load, the maximum slenderness ratio as per IS 1905 should not exceed:
Anonymous Quiz
37%
A) 12
34%
B) 18
23%
C) 24
6%
D) 27
❤2👍2🎉1
The permissible limit of water absorption for coarse aggregates used in concrete should not exceed:
Anonymous Quiz
23%
A) 1%
32%
B) 2%
24%
C) 3%
21%
D) 5%
👏4❤1
👉Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Concrete test/UPV test/
💫UPV ኮንክሪት ቴስት ምንድነው?
⏺የኮንክሪት ስትራክቸሩ ላይ ምንም አይነት ተቆርጦ የሚወጣ ሳምፕል ሳይወሰድ/Nestructive test (NDT)/ የሚሰራ ነው።
▶️በኮንክሪት ውስጥ የሚሄድ የድምፅ ማዕበል/Saund Wave/ Ultrasonic pulse/ ፍጥነትን በመለካት ስለኮንክሪቱ የጥራት ደረጃ/Overall Quality/ ይነግረናል።
🎲ይኽውም:-
1.ወጥነት ያለው የኮንክሪት ጥራት መኖሩን/Check uniformity in different parts of the concrete structure/
2.የግድፈቶችን አካቢዎችን ይለይልናል/Defects like Crack, Voids, honeycombing, or Poor compaction/
3.በሌላ መልኩ የኮንክሪት ጥንካሬውን ደረጃ ለማወቅ ይረዳል።/Estimate quality of Concrete indirectly/
ውጤቱ የሚያሳየው:
i) ፈጣን ድምፅ ሞገድ/Fast wave travel/ከሆነ:
ኮንክሪቱ በቂ እፍግታ ያለው መሆኑንና ወጥና ጥራት ያለው ሙሊት መኖሩን ይነግረናል።
ii) ዘገምተኛ የድምፅ ሞገድ/Slow velocity sound wave/ከሆነ: በተቃራኒ ሆኖ በተጨማሪም በኮንክሪቱ የውስጥ ክፍል ላይ ክራክ/Severe cruck, voids ወይም honeycombingና በአጠቃላይ ደካማ የኮንክሪት ክፍል/Weak zone/ መኖሩን ይጠቁመናል ማለት ነው
UPV ቴስት በአብዛኛው ሀመር ቴስትን ተክቶ ሊሰራ የሚችል ሲሆን ተደራቢ ሙከራ ሆኖ ሊያገለግል ይችላል። የUPV ቴስት ውጤትን ተከትሎ እንደሁኔታው Core Test ማድረግ አስገዳጅ ሊሆን ይችላል።
UPV ቴስት የኮንክሪትን አጠቃላይ የኮንክሪት ጥራት ደረጃን ለመገምገም ቀላልና ፈጣኑ የቴስት ዓይነት ነው።
@etconp
💫UPV ኮንክሪት ቴስት ምንድነው?
⏺የኮንክሪት ስትራክቸሩ ላይ ምንም አይነት ተቆርጦ የሚወጣ ሳምፕል ሳይወሰድ/Nestructive test (NDT)/ የሚሰራ ነው።
▶️በኮንክሪት ውስጥ የሚሄድ የድምፅ ማዕበል/Saund Wave/ Ultrasonic pulse/ ፍጥነትን በመለካት ስለኮንክሪቱ የጥራት ደረጃ/Overall Quality/ ይነግረናል።
🎲ይኽውም:-
1.ወጥነት ያለው የኮንክሪት ጥራት መኖሩን/Check uniformity in different parts of the concrete structure/
2.የግድፈቶችን አካቢዎችን ይለይልናል/Defects like Crack, Voids, honeycombing, or Poor compaction/
3.በሌላ መልኩ የኮንክሪት ጥንካሬውን ደረጃ ለማወቅ ይረዳል።/Estimate quality of Concrete indirectly/
ውጤቱ የሚያሳየው:
i) ፈጣን ድምፅ ሞገድ/Fast wave travel/ከሆነ:
ኮንክሪቱ በቂ እፍግታ ያለው መሆኑንና ወጥና ጥራት ያለው ሙሊት መኖሩን ይነግረናል።
ii) ዘገምተኛ የድምፅ ሞገድ/Slow velocity sound wave/ከሆነ: በተቃራኒ ሆኖ በተጨማሪም በኮንክሪቱ የውስጥ ክፍል ላይ ክራክ/Severe cruck, voids ወይም honeycombingና በአጠቃላይ ደካማ የኮንክሪት ክፍል/Weak zone/ መኖሩን ይጠቁመናል ማለት ነው
UPV ቴስት በአብዛኛው ሀመር ቴስትን ተክቶ ሊሰራ የሚችል ሲሆን ተደራቢ ሙከራ ሆኖ ሊያገለግል ይችላል። የUPV ቴስት ውጤትን ተከትሎ እንደሁኔታው Core Test ማድረግ አስገዳጅ ሊሆን ይችላል።
UPV ቴስት የኮንክሪትን አጠቃላይ የኮንክሪት ጥራት ደረጃን ለመገምገም ቀላልና ፈጣኑ የቴስት ዓይነት ነው።
@etconp
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Ethio Construction Engineering
“Recovery schedules in construction” @etconp👇
👉“Recovery schedules in construction”
💫Recovery schedules are not just updated programs—they're your strategic response to delay, and a commitment to realignment.
🚧Here are the key steps to prepare a proper Recovery Schedule:
1. Remove the Assigned
⏺Baseline Detach the current baseline to allow a clean slate for schedule modifications.
2. Incorporate Approved Scope Changes
⏺Reflect any client-approved changes in the schedule that impact the timeline or resources.
3. Fix Out-of-Sequence Activities
⏺Review the logic and correct any activities that are not following a logical sequence.
4. Adjust Project and Milestone Dates
⏺Use schedule compression techniques like crashing (more resources) or fast-tracking (parallel activities) to meet revised deadlines.
5. Update Remaining Early Start Dates
⏺Reset early start dates of in-progress activities to reflect a realistic continuation from the current data date.
6. Cost Loading (if applicable)
⏺Adjust or include cost data for relevant activities to maintain alignment between cost and schedule.
7. Fix Remaining Durations
⏺Eliminate decimal durations to simplify calculations and enhance clarity.
8. Update Actual Start Dates
⏺Make sure all actual start dates are accurate for in-progress tasks based on current progress.
9. Perform Global Changes
⏺Apply logical, approved global changes to clean up the schedule and align planned vs actual durations and dates.
10. Monitor and Iterate
Continuously review
⏺performance against the recovery schedule and adjust based on new developments or risks.
💫Tip: Always support your recovery schedule with a narrative explaining what changed, how recovery will be achieved, and why the revised plan is credible.
🏷For Ms Project Tuetorial Visit Our YouTube Channel👇
https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction?si=YPBAC3MRTl5Uu6BK
Via Yonatan Tadesse, PMP®
@etconp
💫Recovery schedules are not just updated programs—they're your strategic response to delay, and a commitment to realignment.
🚧Here are the key steps to prepare a proper Recovery Schedule:
1. Remove the Assigned
⏺Baseline Detach the current baseline to allow a clean slate for schedule modifications.
2. Incorporate Approved Scope Changes
⏺Reflect any client-approved changes in the schedule that impact the timeline or resources.
3. Fix Out-of-Sequence Activities
⏺Review the logic and correct any activities that are not following a logical sequence.
4. Adjust Project and Milestone Dates
⏺Use schedule compression techniques like crashing (more resources) or fast-tracking (parallel activities) to meet revised deadlines.
5. Update Remaining Early Start Dates
⏺Reset early start dates of in-progress activities to reflect a realistic continuation from the current data date.
6. Cost Loading (if applicable)
⏺Adjust or include cost data for relevant activities to maintain alignment between cost and schedule.
7. Fix Remaining Durations
⏺Eliminate decimal durations to simplify calculations and enhance clarity.
8. Update Actual Start Dates
⏺Make sure all actual start dates are accurate for in-progress tasks based on current progress.
9. Perform Global Changes
⏺Apply logical, approved global changes to clean up the schedule and align planned vs actual durations and dates.
10. Monitor and Iterate
Continuously review
⏺performance against the recovery schedule and adjust based on new developments or risks.
💫Tip: Always support your recovery schedule with a narrative explaining what changed, how recovery will be achieved, and why the revised plan is credible.
🏷For Ms Project Tuetorial Visit Our YouTube Channel👇
https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction?si=YPBAC3MRTl5Uu6BK
Via Yonatan Tadesse, PMP®
@etconp
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_@etconp_2018_1st_Quarter_CONSTRUCTION_WORKS_ONLY_DIRECT_COST.pdf
24.2 MB
🏷በ2018 ዓ.ም አንደኛ ሩብ ዓመት ተግባራዊ የሚደረግ የግንባታ ሥራዎች ይፋዊ ቀጥተኛ ዋጋ ተመን (1st Quarter Construction Works of Direct Cost)
🔑በተለይ የዋጋ ተመን (BOQ - Priced bill of Quantities) ለምታወጡ የዲዛይን አማካሪዎች እና የፕሮጀክት መሐንዲሶች ይጠማችኋል።
💫በሌሎች የሀገሪቱ ክፍሎች የምትገኙ የኮንስትራክሽን ባለሙያዎችም እንደመነሻ ሀሳብ ይጠቅማችኋል።
🏷YouTube👇
https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction?si=YPBAC3MRTl5Uu6BK
🌟Vacancy And Tender👇
https://t.me/ETCONpWORK
@etconp
🔑በተለይ የዋጋ ተመን (BOQ - Priced bill of Quantities) ለምታወጡ የዲዛይን አማካሪዎች እና የፕሮጀክት መሐንዲሶች ይጠማችኋል።
💫በሌሎች የሀገሪቱ ክፍሎች የምትገኙ የኮንስትራክሽን ባለሙያዎችም እንደመነሻ ሀሳብ ይጠቅማችኋል።
🏷YouTube👇
https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction?si=YPBAC3MRTl5Uu6BK
🌟Vacancy And Tender👇
https://t.me/ETCONpWORK
@etconp
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