๐Effect of Specific Gravity (Sp.Gr) on Cement Properties
๐ซSpecific Gravity (SG) of cement = ratio of the weight of a given volume of cement to the weight of an equal volume of water.
๐Typical Value:
โบFor Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC): 3.10 โ 3.15
โบFor Low specific gravity (<3.10): may indicate cement has been exposed to moisture or contains more fly ash/additives.
โบFor High specific gravity (>3.20): may indicate high iron content or improper burning.
@etconp
๐ซSpecific Gravity (SG) of cement = ratio of the weight of a given volume of cement to the weight of an equal volume of water.
๐Typical Value:
โบFor Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC): 3.10 โ 3.15
โบFor Low specific gravity (<3.10): may indicate cement has been exposed to moisture or contains more fly ash/additives.
โบFor High specific gravity (>3.20): may indicate high iron content or improper burning.
@etconp
โค12
๐Pre-Concreting Slab Checklist
1๏ธโฃ Formwork (Shuttering) ๐
Check type, strength, stability, dimensions, quality, and level.
2๏ธโฃ Reinforcement ๐ฉ๐งฐ
Engineer must check grade, size, positions, laps, spacing, and cover.
3๏ธโฃ Level ๐๐งญ
Confirm slab thickness and surface level with instruments.
4๏ธโฃ Worker Safety Gear ๐ฆบ๐ทโโ๏ธ
All PPE must be available for workers.
5๏ธโฃ Materials ๐๏ธ๐ชจ๐ง
Cement, sand, aggregate, water, and other items must be on site per calculations.
6๏ธโฃ Equipment & Machinery ๐๐ง
Ensure mixers, vibrators, pumps, etc. are ready.
7๏ธโฃ Workforce ๐จโ๐ญ๐ฉโ๐ญ
Skilled + unskilled labor should be present before pour.
8๏ธโฃ MEP Embeds โก๐ฐ
Check electrical conduits, water, and drainage pipes with drawings.
๐ Handy Formulas
โญ๏ธ1) Concrete Volume
V = L ร W ร t
๐ Example:
L = 6 m, W = 4 m, t = 0.12 m
โก๏ธ V = 6 ร 4 ร 0.12 = 2.88 mยณ
โญ๏ธ2) Material Estimation (1 : a : b Mix)
Dry volume = Wet volume ร 1.54
๐ฆ Cement bags, ๐ Sand, ๐ชจ Aggregate
Example (M20 โ 1:1.5:3, V = 2.88 mยณ):
Cement = 23 bags ๐
Sand = 1.21 mยณ ๐
Aggregate = 2.42 mยณ ๐ชจ
โญ๏ธ3) Number of Bars
n = floor((L_clear รท s)) + 1
๐ Example: L = 6 m, spacing = 150 mm
โก๏ธ n = 40 bars ๐ฉ
โญ๏ธ4) Rebar Lap Length
Tension lap = 40 ร ฯ
Compression lap = 30 ร ฯ
Example: ฯ = 12 mm
โก๏ธ Tension = 48 cm ๐
โก๏ธ Compression = 36 cm
โญ๏ธ5) Development Length
Ld = (ฯ ร ฯ_s) รท (4 ร ฯ_bd)
Example: ฯ = 12 mm, ฯ_s = 415 MPa, ฯ_bd = 1.6 MPa
โก๏ธ Ld โ 78 cm ๐
โญ๏ธ6) Slump Deviation (%)
% = ((measured - target) รท target) ร 100%
Example: Target = 75 mm,
โบMeasured = 85 mm
โก๏ธ Deviation = 13.3% ๐
โญ๏ธ7) Pour Duration
โถ๏ธTime = V รท pump_rate
โบExample: V = 2.88 mยณ, Pump = 12 mยณ/hr
โก๏ธ Time = 14.4 minutes โฑ
@etconp
1๏ธโฃ Formwork (Shuttering) ๐
Check type, strength, stability, dimensions, quality, and level.
2๏ธโฃ Reinforcement ๐ฉ๐งฐ
Engineer must check grade, size, positions, laps, spacing, and cover.
3๏ธโฃ Level ๐๐งญ
Confirm slab thickness and surface level with instruments.
4๏ธโฃ Worker Safety Gear ๐ฆบ๐ทโโ๏ธ
All PPE must be available for workers.
5๏ธโฃ Materials ๐๏ธ๐ชจ๐ง
Cement, sand, aggregate, water, and other items must be on site per calculations.
6๏ธโฃ Equipment & Machinery ๐๐ง
Ensure mixers, vibrators, pumps, etc. are ready.
7๏ธโฃ Workforce ๐จโ๐ญ๐ฉโ๐ญ
Skilled + unskilled labor should be present before pour.
8๏ธโฃ MEP Embeds โก๐ฐ
Check electrical conduits, water, and drainage pipes with drawings.
๐ Handy Formulas
โญ๏ธ1) Concrete Volume
V = L ร W ร t
๐ Example:
L = 6 m, W = 4 m, t = 0.12 m
โก๏ธ V = 6 ร 4 ร 0.12 = 2.88 mยณ
โญ๏ธ2) Material Estimation (1 : a : b Mix)
Dry volume = Wet volume ร 1.54
๐ฆ Cement bags, ๐ Sand, ๐ชจ Aggregate
Example (M20 โ 1:1.5:3, V = 2.88 mยณ):
Cement = 23 bags ๐
Sand = 1.21 mยณ ๐
Aggregate = 2.42 mยณ ๐ชจ
โญ๏ธ3) Number of Bars
n = floor((L_clear รท s)) + 1
๐ Example: L = 6 m, spacing = 150 mm
โก๏ธ n = 40 bars ๐ฉ
โญ๏ธ4) Rebar Lap Length
Tension lap = 40 ร ฯ
Compression lap = 30 ร ฯ
Example: ฯ = 12 mm
โก๏ธ Tension = 48 cm ๐
โก๏ธ Compression = 36 cm
โญ๏ธ5) Development Length
Ld = (ฯ ร ฯ_s) รท (4 ร ฯ_bd)
Example: ฯ = 12 mm, ฯ_s = 415 MPa, ฯ_bd = 1.6 MPa
โก๏ธ Ld โ 78 cm ๐
โญ๏ธ6) Slump Deviation (%)
% = ((measured - target) รท target) ร 100%
Example: Target = 75 mm,
โบMeasured = 85 mm
โก๏ธ Deviation = 13.3% ๐
โญ๏ธ7) Pour Duration
โถ๏ธTime = V รท pump_rate
โบExample: V = 2.88 mยณ, Pump = 12 mยณ/hr
โก๏ธ Time = 14.4 minutes โฑ
@etconp
โค13๐1๐1
#แแตแณแแแซ
Vivo interior design
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แชแฎแแฝ แแ แจแคแต แแตแฅ แฒแแญแ แฅแ แแแฃแณ แแฐแซแต แจแแแ แญแฐแแแแ
Vivo design
0921332907
0923607995
Vivo interior design
แ แแแแต แแปแจแ แ แแญแฐแแฝแฃ แแแแ แแฉแฅแ แ แแซแฐแ แคแต แแแญ แญแแแแ แฅแแแฒแซแแต แ แฐแแฃแฃแ แแ แ แฅแแแ แฅแ แฅแซแฑแ แ แ แ แ แแแแแจแต แณแข แ แตแญแแแค แคแตแแ แ แตแแ แ แฅแแตแจแญแฃแแแข
แชแฎแแฝ แแ แจแคแต แแตแฅ แฒแแญแ แฅแ แแแฃแณ แแฐแซแต แจแแแ แญแฐแแแแ
Vivo design
0921332907
0923607995
โค7๐1
๐How to Measure Sand & Aggregate in a Dumper
๐งAccurately measuring the quantity of sand or aggregate delivered to the site is a key responsibility for any site engineer or quantity surveyor. This image illustrates a practical method to calculate the volume of a dumper using basic geometry.
โบFormula: Volume = Length x Width x Height
๐In this case, two different lengths of the dumper are measured:
- Front (L1) = 6 m
- Rear (L2) = 5.5 m
So, the average length = (6+5.5)/2 = 5.75 m
- Width (B) = 1.7 m
- Height (H) = 2 m
๐Calculated Volume: 5.75 x 1.7 x 2 = 19.55 cubic meters
๐ซThis technique is extremely useful to verify material quantities on-site and prevent shortages or overbilling.
@etconp
๐งAccurately measuring the quantity of sand or aggregate delivered to the site is a key responsibility for any site engineer or quantity surveyor. This image illustrates a practical method to calculate the volume of a dumper using basic geometry.
โบFormula: Volume = Length x Width x Height
๐In this case, two different lengths of the dumper are measured:
- Front (L1) = 6 m
- Rear (L2) = 5.5 m
So, the average length = (6+5.5)/2 = 5.75 m
- Width (B) = 1.7 m
- Height (H) = 2 m
๐Calculated Volume: 5.75 x 1.7 x 2 = 19.55 cubic meters
๐ซThis technique is extremely useful to verify material quantities on-site and prevent shortages or overbilling.
@etconp
โค13
๐Do You Have Problem at Road Estimation?
๐งProject Details:
โบLength of Road: 1,000 meters
โบWidth of Road: 7 meters
โบThickness of Asphalt Layer: 0.10 meters (10 cm)
๐ท1. Road Area Calculation:
Area = Length ร Width = 1000 m ร 7 m = 7000 mยฒ
๐ท2. Volume of Asphalt:
Volume = Area ร Thickness = 7000 mยฒ ร 0.10 m = 700 mยณ
๐ท3. Conversion to Tons (Density of Asphalt โ 2.4 ton/mยณ): Total Asphalt = 700 mยณ ร 2.4 ton/mยณ = 1680 tons
๐ท4. Material Cost Estimation (example rates):
๐Asphalt per ton: $85
๐ฒTotal Cost = 1680 tons ร $85 = $142,800
๐ท5. Additional Costs (Example):
โบTransportation: $5,000
โบLabor: $8,000
โบEquipment Rental: $10,000
โบMiscellaneous (5%): $7,140
๐ง6. Total Estimated Cost:
โบMaterial Cost = $142,800
โบTransportation = $5,000
โบLabor = $8,000
โบEquipment Rental = $10,000
โบMiscellaneous (5%) = $7,140
--------------------------------
โ๏ธGrand Total 9= $172,940
@etconp
๐งProject Details:
โบLength of Road: 1,000 meters
โบWidth of Road: 7 meters
โบThickness of Asphalt Layer: 0.10 meters (10 cm)
๐ท1. Road Area Calculation:
Area = Length ร Width = 1000 m ร 7 m = 7000 mยฒ
๐ท2. Volume of Asphalt:
Volume = Area ร Thickness = 7000 mยฒ ร 0.10 m = 700 mยณ
๐ท3. Conversion to Tons (Density of Asphalt โ 2.4 ton/mยณ): Total Asphalt = 700 mยณ ร 2.4 ton/mยณ = 1680 tons
๐ท4. Material Cost Estimation (example rates):
๐Asphalt per ton: $85
๐ฒTotal Cost = 1680 tons ร $85 = $142,800
๐ท5. Additional Costs (Example):
โบTransportation: $5,000
โบLabor: $8,000
โบEquipment Rental: $10,000
โบMiscellaneous (5%): $7,140
๐ง6. Total Estimated Cost:
โบMaterial Cost = $142,800
โบTransportation = $5,000
โบLabor = $8,000
โบEquipment Rental = $10,000
โบMiscellaneous (5%) = $7,140
--------------------------------
โ๏ธGrand Total 9= $172,940
@etconp
๐21โค13๐ฅฐ1
๐ INTERCON Construction Chemicals
โ Concrete Admixtures
โ Bonding Agents
โ Waterproofings
โ Wall Putty, Prime Coat
โ Concrete Repair Mortar
โ Floor hardener, Epoxy
โ Grout, Self-level mortar
โ Quartz paint, Contextra
โ Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
โ Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
โ๏ธ Tel: 0961955555
๐น Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital
๐น Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza
โ Concrete Admixtures
โ Bonding Agents
โ Waterproofings
โ Wall Putty, Prime Coat
โ Concrete Repair Mortar
โ Floor hardener, Epoxy
โ Grout, Self-level mortar
โ Quartz paint, Contextra
โ Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
โ Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
โ๏ธ Tel: 0961955555
๐น Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital
๐น Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza
โค5
Lateral supports in masonry walls are provided to prevent:
Anonymous Quiz
21%
A) Vertical cracks
54%
B) Sliding
21%
C) Buckling due to slenderness
4%
D) Creep
๐9
. Which type of paint is most resistant to moisture and humidity, often used in bathrooms?
Anonymous Quiz
11%
A) Matte paint
30%
B) Acrylic paint
53%
C) Epoxy paint
5%
D) Distemper
โค8
Which type of paint finish is most durable and easy to clean for interior walls?
Anonymous Quiz
13%
A) Matte finish
14%
B) Satin finish
38%
C) Glossy finish
36%
D) Flat finish
โค6
1)In route survey, the most suitable method of
contouring is-
contouring is-
Anonymous Quiz
19%
(a) by squares
38%
(b) by radial lines
16%
(c) by c/s
27%
(d) by tachometry
โค8
2)Minimum diameter of the lateral ties should
not be less than
not be less than
Anonymous Quiz
27%
(a) 10 mm
51%
(b) 6 mm
13%
(c) 5 mm
9%
(d) 4 mm
๐3๐3โค1
1) Bearing capacity increase with the
Anonymous Quiz
24%
a) increase in eccentricity of load
11%
(b) increase in inclination of load
50%
(c) increase in depth of water table below footing twice the width of footing
16%
(d) decrease in unit weight of soil
๐4โค2
Which of the following is not a type of admixture?
Anonymous Quiz
20%
Plasticizers
10%
Air-entraining admixtures
7%
Set-acclerating/ Set-retarding
62%
Water-increasing
๐3โค2๐2๐1
Workability of concrete depends on:
Anonymous Quiz
42%
Water to cement ratio
8%
Amount of water
48%
Both
2%
None of the abobe
๐6๐ฅ2
Which of the following statements is false?
Anonymous Quiz
25%
C20/25 is a measurement of class strength, pertaining to 25 MPa of compressive strength.
25%
S1 is a consistency class of concrete at the fresh state, and has lower workability than S3.
27%
A superplasticizer can be added to a concrete mix, which raises the water requirement by 20%.
24%
In the Compressive Strength vs. W/C ratio graph, a lower W/C corresponds to a higher Rc [MPa].
โค9
Which characteristic does not necessarily describe a deformation in the elastic region?
Anonymous Quiz
13%
reversible
35%
molecular bonds have no slip
19%
temporary
33%
Stress/ Strain slope is constant
โค5๐3
๐ฉโ๐ซ In concrete, air entrapped during mixing and handling:
Anonymous Quiz
11%
determines the abrasion resistance
22%
increases the resistance to freeze and thaw
16%
has no effect on compressive strength being under the influence of Wan der Waals forces
51%
should be removed by means of compacting system
โค4๐2
๐ฉโ๐ซ Air-entraining agents are usually used in concrete to:
Anonymous Quiz
25%
reduce the porosity of the cement paste
14%
increase the setting time
16%
avoid the compaction at the construction site
45%
entrain a controlled quantity of air in the form of microscopic bubbles in the cement paste
๐8
๐ฉโ๐ซ The concrete tensile strength is measured:
Anonymous Quiz
38%
usually with the splitting or flexural test
16%
with the hardness test
26%
often with the direct tensile test
20%
it is never measured
๐3๐2