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👉CALCULATION – Field Density Test (FDT)

📜Example

⚖️ Weight of sand used

= Weight of sand + cylinder before test − Weight of sand + cylinder after test
= 8373 − 2524
= 5849 g

🕳️ Weight of sand in hole

= Weight of sand used − Weight of sand in cone
= 5849 − 1610
= 4239 g

📦 Volume of hole

= Weight of sand in hole ÷ Bulk density of sand
= 4239 ÷ 1.344
= 3154 cc

🪨 Weight of soil passing 19 mm sieve

= Weight of wet material − Weight retained on 19 mm sieve
= 7263 − 1350
= 5913 g

⚙️ Bulk density of soil

= Weight of soil ÷ Volume of hole
= 5913 ÷ 3154
= 1.875 g/cc

💧 Moisture content (Speedy Moisture Tester)

= 7.8 %

📊 Field dry density

= Bulk density ÷ (1 + Moisture content ÷ 100)
= 1.875 ÷ (1 + 7.8 ÷ 100)
= 1.875 ÷ 1.078
= 1.74 g/cc

📈 Percentage of compaction

= Field dry density ÷ Laboratory MDD × 100
= 1.74 ÷ 2.144 × 100
= 96.3 %

✅ RESULT

📌 Field Dry Density = 1.74 g/cc
📌 Laboratory MDD = 2.144 g/cc
📌 Compaction Achieved = 96.3 %


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@etconp
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👉በጨረታ ሂደት ውስጥ አንድ ብቻ ተጫራች ከተሳተፈ አሸናፊ ማድረግ ይቻላል?

✅አንድ ተጫራች ብቻ ከሆነ አሸናፊ ማድረግ በህግ ሊቻል ይችላል፣
✅ ነገር ግን ይህ የሚከናወነው የጨረታ ሂደቱ በሙሉ በግልጽነት እና በህግ መሠረት ከተካሄደ እና የቀረበው የዋጋ ስሌት
     ➣ተመራጭ፣
     ➣ብቁ እና
      ➣በተገቢው የገበያ ዋጋ ክልል ውስጥ ከሆነ ብቻ ነው።

⭐️ይህንን ለመረዳት የሚከተሉትን ነጥቦች ማስተዋል አስፈላጊ ነው፡

📍1. የጨረታው ህጋዊ እና ሥርዓታዊ መሠረት

⏺የማንኛውም ጨረታ ዋና ዓላማ ተጫማሪ ውድድርን ማምጣት እና ለግምገማ ብቁ የሆኑ ብዙ ተጫራቾችን ማሰባሰብ ነው።
⏺ "የማይመለከታቸው ጨረታዎች" ወይም "ሙሉ በሙሉ ያልተሳኩ ጨረታዎች" በብዙ የግዥ ስርዓቶች ውስጥ እንደ አንድ ጉዳይ ተደርጎ ይቆጠራል። አንድ ተጫራች ብቻ መኖሩ ይህንን ሁኔታ ያስከትላል።

📍2. አንድ ተጫራች ብቻ ሲኖር የጨረታውን ሂደት ለመቀጠል የሚከተሉት መሟላት አለባቸው፡-

❇️የጨረታው ማስታወቂያ (Bid Invitation) በቂ ጊዜ እና በተገቢው መንገድ መወጣቱ፡
❇️ጨረታው በሕዝብ ተደራሽ የሆኑ መገናኛዎች (ማለትም ጋዜጦች፣ ድረገጾች) ላይ በተገቢው ጊዜ እንደተለጠፈ ማረጋገጥ አለበት።
❇️ይህ ለሁሉም አመቺ የሆኑ ተጫራቾች የመሳተፍ እድል እንዳላቸው ለማረጋገጥ ነው።
❇️የአንድ ተጫራች ዋጋ ስሌት (Bid) ተመራጭ እና ኢኮኖሚያዊ መሆኑ፡ የቀረበው ዋጋ በጨረታው ሰነድ ውስጥ በተገለጸው በጀት ወይም በገበያ ዋጋ ማለት ይቻላል በሚገመት የዋጋ ክልል ውስጥ መሆን አለበት።

🔰ከመጠን በላይ ከፍ ያለ ዋጋ መጠየቅ ችግር ሊፈጥር ይችላል።
🔰የተጫራቹ የብቃት ማረጋገጫ (Responsiveness and Responsibility)፡ አንድ ብቁ ተጫራች መሆኑን ማለትም ሁሉንም የጨረታ መስፈርቶች እንደሚያሟላ እና ሥራውን ለማከናወን የሚያስፈልገውን ቴክኒካል፣ ፋይናንሻል እና ህጋዊ አቅም እንዳለው ማረጋገጥ አለበት።
🔰የግዢው ኮሚቴ/አካል ውሳኔ፡ በመጨረሻ ላይ፣ ጨረታውን የሚያስተዳድረው ኮሚቴ ወይም አካል አንድ ተጫራች ብቻ ሆኖ የቀረበውን የዋጋ ስሌት የመቀበል ወይም የመግባባት ውሳኔ ማሳለጥ አለበት።
🔰ይህ ውሳኔ ብዙውን ጊዜ ከላይ ከተጠቀሱት መስፈርቶች ጋር በማገናኘት ይወሰዳል።

📍3. የሚከተሉት ሁኔታዎች ሊኖሩ ይችላሉ

⏺ጨረታው መዝጋት እና እንደገና መቅረብ፡ የግዢው አካል አንድ ተጫራች ብቻ ስላለ ወይም የቀረበው ዋጋ ከመጠን በላይ ከፍ ብሎ ስላገኘ ጨረታውን ሙሉ በሙሉ እንደማይመለከት ሊወስን ይችላል።
⏺በዚህ ሁኔታ ጨረታው ይታጠፍና  እና እንደገና በተሻለ ማስተዋወቂያ እና በማሳሰቢያ ሊቀርብ ይችላል።
⏺ከአንድ ተጫራች ጋር በቀጥታ ድርድር (Direct Negotiation)፡ በአንዳንድ ስርዓቶች፣ አንድ ተጫራች ብቻ ከቀረበ በኋላ፣ የግዢው አካል ከዚያ ተጫራች ጋር በቀጥታ ለመድርስ ውሳኔ ሊሰጥ ይችላል።
⏺ይህ ሂደት ግን በጣም ጥብቅ የሆኑ ህጎች ውስጥ ነው እና በግልጽነት መሠረት መከናወን አለበት።

🏷ለስራ ቅጥር እና ጨረታዎች👇

https://t.me/ETCONpWORK

@etconp
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3084. When the two columns are so close to each other that their individual footing would overlap then which type of footing is provided?
Anonymous Quiz
18%
(a) Strap Footing
69%
(b) Combined footing
11%
(c) Raft Footing
1%
(d) Grillage Footing
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3083. The method used for studying of horizontal changes in the sub-soil is
Anonymous Quiz
20%
(a) Resistive soundings
27%
(b) Resistive mapping
21%
(c) Mean resistivity
31%
(d) Critical distance
👍4❤1
3080. How is the fineness of cement measured?
Anonymous Quiz
22%
(a) Volume/Mass
55%
(b) Mass/Volume
14%
(c) Mass/Area
9%
(d) Area/Mass
❤5🙏3
3074. S etting time of cement decrease by reducing
Anonymous Quiz
35%
(a) gypsum
28%
(b) calcium chloride
26%
(c) hydrogen peroxide
11%
(d) sodium oxide
👍5
3055. Process of taking levels on each side of a main line at right angles to that line is called
Anonymous Quiz
22%
(a) Differential levelling
40%
(b) Cross-section levelling
30%
(c) Profile levelling
9%
(d) Reciprocal levelling
❤5
3039. Which line is perpendicular to the horizontal surface?
Anonymous Quiz
12%
(a) Level line
13%
(b) Horizontal line
20%
(c) Datum line
55%
(d) Vertical line
🔥3👏2
2975. A basic type of failure at a finite slope may occur due to
Anonymous Quiz
46%
(a) Slope failure and Base failure
25%
(b) Toe failure
6%
(c) None of the mentioned
23%
(d) All of the mentioned
👌5❤2
2973. A long natural slope of cohesion-less soil is inclined at 12° to the horizontal. What will be the factor of safety of the slope if φ = 30°?
Anonymous Quiz
28%
(a) 1.6
38%
(b) 2.7
20%
(c) 0.13
13%
(d) 0.4
👏4❤1
2972. If the soil properties for all identical depths below the surface are constant, it is a
Anonymous Quiz
38%
(a) Finite slope
24%
(b) Infinite slope
20%
(c) Planar failure surface
18%
(d) All of the mentioned
🙏3
2959. Compaction is a process in which change in volume due to
Anonymous Quiz
9%
(a) Remove of Water
48%
(b) Remove of Air
4%
(c) Remove of Soil Particles
39%
(d) All of the Above
👍3❤2
2927. By providing sufficient edge distance, which of the following failures of bolted joint can be avoided?
Anonymous Quiz
22%
(a) Tension failure of the plate
27%
(b) Shear failure of the bolt
34%
(c) Shear failure of the plate
17%
(d) Bearing failure of the bolt
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👉How Many Blocks Are Required for 1 m² Wall Area?

💫Let's explain how to calculate the number of concrete blocks needed to build a 1 square meter wall using standard block dimensions.

🔹 Block Size
Each block measures:
400 mm length (0.40 m)
200 mm height (0.20 m)
200 mm width (0.20 m)

🔹 Area Covered by One Block
Area = 0.40 m × 0.20 m
= 0.08 m² per block

🔹 Wall Area
A 1 m × 1 m wall has an area of 1.00 m²

🔹 Number of Blocks Required
1.00 m² ÷ 0.08 m²
= 12.5 ≈ 13 blocks

✅ Final Answer
To construct 1 m² of wall area, you need 13 concrete blocks of size 200 × 200 × 400 mm.

@etconp
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👉 INTERCON Construction Chemicals 

● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat
● Concrete Repair Mortar
● Floor hardener, Epoxy
● Grout, Self-level mortar
● Quartz paint, Contextra
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers 
● Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials

☎️ Tel: 0961955555

🔹 Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital

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Dani Plaza
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