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#ቴምርፕሮፐርቲስ #እነሆ_አዲስሳይት

📍 ሳር ቤት
#በ35%ቅናሽ! (በ100% ክፍያ)
👉 ባለ 2 መኝታ = 81ካሬ = 6ሚሊዮን
👉 ባለ 2 መኝታ = 106ካሬ = 7.9ሚሊዮን
👉 ባለ 3 መኝታ = 153ካሬ = 11.4ሚሊዮን

#በ20% ቅድመ ክፍያ (በግንባታ ሂደት ለሚከፍሉ)
👉 81ካሬ = ሙሉ ክፍያ = 9.3ሚሊዮን
                 ቅድመ ክፍያ = 20% (1.8ሚሊዮን)
👉 139ካሬ = ሙሉ ክፍያ = 15.9ሚሊዮን
                 ቅድመ ክፍያ = 20% (3.1ሚሊዮን)

📍 አዋሬ
#በ35%ቅናሽ! (በ100% ክፍያ)
👉 ባለ 1 መኝታ = 78ካሬ = 5.5ሚሊዮን
👉 ባለ 3 መኝታ = 117ካሬ = 8.3ሚሊዮን
👉 ባለ 3 መኝታ = 145ካሬ = 10.3ሚሊዮን

#በ20% ቅድመ ክፍያ (በግንባታ ሂደት ለሚከፍሉ)
👉 78ካሬ = ሙሉ ክፍያ = 8.5ሚሊዮን
                 ቅድመ ክፍያ = 20% (1.7ሚሊዮን)
👉135 ካሬ = ሙሉ ክፍያ = 14.8ሚሊዮን
                 ቅድመ ክፍያ = 20% (2.9ሚሊዮን)

ለበለጠ መረጃ
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👉Cost Estimation of a Building

💫is the process of calculating the total expected cost required to construct a building before construction starts.

⏺It helps in budgeting, planning, approval, and cost control of a project.

📜Definition

⏺Building cost estimation is the systematic calculation of material, labor, equipment, overhead, and profit costs needed to complete a building project as per drawings and specifications.

🔹 Purpose of Cost Estimation
Cost estimation is done to:

💰 Know the total project cost
📊 Prepare project budget
📑 Get client approval
🏦 Apply for bank loans
🛠️ Control construction costs
📝 Prepare BOQ (Bill of Quantities)
📈 Compare contractor bids

🔹 Main Components of Building Cost Estimation

🌟Material Cost

⏺Cement, sand, aggregate
Steel reinforcement
Blocks, bricks, finishes, fittings

🌟Labor Cost

⏺Masons
⏺Carpenters
⏺Steel fixers
⏺Electricians, plumbers

🌟Equipment / Machinery Cost

⏺Mixers
⏺Vibrators
⏺Scaffolding
⏺Tools

🌟Overhead Cost

⏺Site office
⏺Water and electricity
⏺Supervision
⏺Transportation

🎲Profit:-Contractor’s margin (usually 10–20%)

🔹 Types of Building Cost Estimation

1️⃣ Preliminary (Rough) Estimate
Based on plinth area or floor area
Used at planning stage
2️⃣ Detailed Estimate
Based on detailed drawings
Includes BOQ and rate analysis
Most accurate
3️⃣ Revised Estimate
Prepared when cost exceeds original estimate
4️⃣ Supplementary Estimate
For additional works not included initially

🔹 Methods of Building Cost Estimation

⏺Plinth Area Method
⏺Floor Area Method
⏺Unit Rate Method
⏺Detailed Quantity Take-off Method

@etconp

👉STEP-BY-STEP COST ESTIMATION OF A BUILDING

🚧STEP ONE: STUDY THE DRAWINGS

⏺First, carefully review all architectural, structural, and service drawings.
⏺This helps you understand the building size, layout, materials, and construction method.

🚧STEP TWO: READ THE SPECIFICATIONS

⏺Check the project specifications to know the required quality of materials, type of concrete, steel, blocks, finishes, and workmanship standards.

🚧STEP THREE: BREAK THE BUILDING INTO WORK ITEMS

⏺Divide the building into clear construction parts such as foundation works, structural works, wall works, finishing works, and service installations.

⏺This makes estimation organized and systematic.

🚧STEP FOUR: MEASURE THE WORK

⏺Measure each construction item from the drawings.
Measurements are taken for excavation, concrete, reinforcement, masonry, plaster, flooring, and other works based on standard measurement practice.

🚧STEP FIVE: PREPARE QUANTITY SHEETS

⏺Write all measured items clearly in quantity sheets.
This helps to keep measurements accurate and avoids missing any work.

🚧STEP SIX: ANALYZE RATES

⏺Determine the cost of each work item by considering material cost, labor cost, equipment use, transportation, and wastage.

⏺This step gives the unit cost of each activity.

🚧STEP SEVEN: APPLY RATES TO QUANTITIES

⏺Multiply the measured quantities by their respective rates to find the cost of each work item.

🚧STEP EIGHT: PREPARE BILL OF QUANTITIES

⏺List all work items with their descriptions, units, quantities, and costs in a Bill of Quantities.

⏺This document is used for budgeting and contractor bidding.

🚧STEP NINE: ADD OVERHEADS AND PROFIT

⏺Include site expenses such as supervision, utilities, temporary works, and the contractor’s profit.

🚧STEP TEN: PREPARE FINAL COST ESTIMATE

⏺Combine all costs to get the total estimated cost of the building.

⏺This final figure is used for approval, budgeting, and construction planning.

📜FINAL RESULT

⏺The cost estimation process produces a clear and organized document that shows the expected cost of constructing the building before work starts.

@etconp

👉አስደሳች ዜና ለዚህ ቻናል ቤተሰቦች

💫የ "Quantity Surveying" Full Course በ ኦንላይን መማር የምትፈልጉ ተማሪዎች እና የ ኮንስትራክሽን ባለሞያዎች 4ተኛ ዙር በተመጣጣኝ ዋጋ ለጥቂት ተማሪዎች ምዝገባ ጀምረናል❤

⭐️የ ልደት በዓል በማስመልከት የ 25 % ቅናሽ አርገናል❤

📩መመዝገብ የምትፈልጉ @Philemona7 ወይም ለበለጠ መረጃ በ 0925446661 ደውለው ያግኙን🙏

🎲ኮርሱ ሲያጠናቅቁ ሰርትፍኬት ይሰጦታል❗️

@etconp

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Ab Con General Waterproofing Works

የውሃ አቅርቦትዎን በከፍተኛ ደረጃ ለመጨመር በፋይበርግላስ የውሃ ማጠራቀሚያ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ ስርዓታት ይጠቀሙ !!!

◇ በፋይበርግላስ  የተሰራ የውሃ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ በጉድጓድ ዉስጥ ከሚመጣ የሽንት ቤት ፍሳሾች ሙሉ ለሙሉ የተከለለ ስለሚሆን ለዉሀ ብክለት  አስተማማኝ ነዉ ።
◇በፋይበርግላስ  የተሰራ የውሃ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ መበስበስ እና መሰነጣጠቅ የሚባል ነገር ፈፅሞ አይታሰብም።
◇በፋይበርግላስ የተሰራ የውሃ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ ለማፅዳት በቀላሉ የሚመች ሲሆን ፣ በዉሀ ዉስጥ በፍጥነት ለሚራባዉ አልጌ ደግሞ ፈፅሞ የማይመች ነዉ ።
◇በፋይበርግላስ  የተሰራ የውሃ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ ከመሬት በታች በጉድጎድ ዉስጥ ስለሚሰራ ቦታ ቆጣቢ ነዉ።
◇ለመዋኛ ገንዳ

◇ ለመኖሪያ ቤቶች ፣፤ሪል እስቴቶች ፤ድርጅቶች ፤ሆስፒታሎች፥ ሆቴሎች ፥ ኤምባሲዎች፥የእርሻ ቦታዎች ፥ኢንዱስትሪ ፓርኮች ወዘተ የኛ ተጠቃሚዎች ናቸዉ።

🤳0913967277
     0968966602

👉የከተማና መሠረተ ልማት ዘርፍ የ2018 በጀት ዓመት የግማሽ ዓመት እቅድ አፈጻጸም የግምገማ መድረክ ተካሄደ

ቢሾፍቱ፣ ታህሳስ 15 ቀን 2018 ዓ/ም (ከመልሚ)

የከተማና መሰረተ ልማት ሚኒስቴር የዘርፉ  የ2018 በጀት ዓመት የግማሽ ዓመት እቅድ አፈጻጸም ሪፖርት የሚኒስቴር መስሪያ ቤቱ የማኔጅመንት አባላት፣ የዘርፉ አመራሮች እና ባለሙያዎች እንዲሁም የተጠሪ ተቋማት የስራ ሃላፊዎች በተገኙበት ነው የግምገማ መድረክ የተካሄደው።

መድረኩን በንግግር ያስጀመሩት የከተማና መሰረተ ልማት ሚኒስቴር ሚኒስትር ክብርት ወ/ሮ ጫልቱ ሳኒ እንዳሉት የሚስቴር መስሪያ ቤቱ የዘርፉ የመጀመሪያ ግማሽ ዓመት እቅድ አፈጻጸም የእያንዳንዱ ዘርፍ ምን አቅዶ ምን ተግብሯል የሚለውን እና ጠንካራ እና ደካማ ጎን በመለየት በቀጣይ ግማሽ ዓመት በትኩረት የሚሰራበት ይሆናል ብለዋል።

የከተማ ልማት ዘርፍ ከለውጡ መንግስት ወዲህ መንግስት ለከተማ ልዩ ትኩረት በመስጠት እየሰራ እና ከፍተኛ መነቃቃት የታየበት እንዲሁም በከፍተኛ የማንሰራራት ደረጃ ላይ እንደሚገኝም ተናግረዋል ።

የተቋማት፣ የስራ ክፍሎች፣ የአመራር እና የሲስተም ቅንጅት ትኩረት የሚገባቸው ጉዳዮች ሲሆኑ የመንግስት አገልግሎት እና አስተዳደር ሪፎርም በተለየ ትኩረት  ሊሰራ ይገባል ብለዋል ክብርት ሚኒስትር ።

የሚኒስቴር መስሪያ ቤቱ የከተማ አስተዳደር እና አገልግሎት አሰጣጥ ዘርፍ ሚኒስትር ዴኤታ ክቡር አቶ ፈንታ ደጀን በከተማ አስተዳደር እና አገልግሎት ዙሪያ የመዘጋጃ ቤታዊ አገልግሎት አሰጣጥ፣ የከተሞች ፋይናንስና ገቢ ሪፎርም፣ የከተሞች ጽዳት እና አረንጓዴ ልማት አገልግሎት፣ የከተሞች ልማታዊ ሴፍቲኔት ፕሮግራም፣ የከተማ ፕላን እና አከታተም ስርዓት እና የከተማ መሬት አስተዳደር እና የካዳስተር ስርዓት በሚመለከት በግማሽ አመቱ የተሰሩ ስራዎች አቅርበዋል።

በሚኒስቴር መስሪያ ቤቱ የቤቶች እና የከተማ ልማት ዘርፍ ሚስትር ዴኤታ ክብርት ወ/ሮ ሄለን ደበበ በበኩላቸው የቤት ልማት ፖሊሲ አስመልክቶ የከተሞች የቤት ልማት ፕሮግራም፣ የገጠር ቤት ልማት ፕሮግራም፣ የቤት መረጃና አስተዳደር ፕሮግራም፣ ቅንጅታዊ የመስክ ክትትል እና ድጋፍ እንዲሁም የቤቶች ልማት እና አስተዳደር ስራዎችን በተመለከተ የዲዛይን ዝግጅት ስራዎች፣ በመንግሥት አስተባባሪነት የተገነቡ ቤቶች፣ በግሉ ዘርፍ የተገነቡ ቤቶች፣ የገጠር ማዕከላት የቤት ልማት፣ የቤት ልማት ፋይናንስ፣ የቤት መረጃ አስተዳደር፣ የሪል ፕሮፐርቲ ግብይት እና ግመታ ፣ የከተማ መሰረተ ልማት ስራዎች እና የአረንጓዴ መሰረተ ልማት እና የኮሪደር ስራዎች አፈጻጸም አቅርበዋል።

የመሰረተ ልማት ዘርፍ ሚነስትር ዴኤታ ክቡር የትምጌታ አስራት(ዶ/ር) በተመሳሳይ የዘርፉ የ2018 በጀት ዓመት የመጀመሪያ ግማሽ ዓመት የፕሮጀክት አፈጻጸምን አስመልክተው የመንገድ ግንባታ አፈጻጸም፣ የመንገድ ጥገና አፈጻጸም፣ የወሰን ማስከበር ስራዎች አፈጻጸም፣ የካፒታል በጀት አጠቃቀም፣ የመንገድ ፈንድ የስድስት ወር የገቢ አፈጻጸም፣ የገጠር መንገድ ትስስር ለምግብ ዋስትና ፕሮግራም፣ የተቋም ግንባታ፣ አጠቃላይ የሪፎርሙ ስራዎች፣ የኢንዱስትሪ ተወዳዳሪነት እና ውጤታማነት እና የኮንስትራክሽን ልህቀት እና መሰል የስራዎች አፈጻጸም አቅርበዋል።

በመጨረሻም በክብርት ሚኒስትር ወ/ሮ ጫልቱ ሳኒ የማጠቃለያ ሀሳብ እና የቀጣይ የስራ አቅጣጫ በመስጠት የግምገማው መድረክ ተጠናቆ በከተማው የመንገድ ፕሮጀክት ተጎብኝቷል።

@etconp

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⏺Used primarily in smaller, low-pressure irrigation systems, stoplogs are large, flat panels that are inserted into a frame to block or allow the flow of water.

⏺They are typically used to isolate certain areas of a system for maintenance.

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👉Project management in building construction

🚧It is the organized process of planning, coordinating, and controlling all activities involved in constructing a building so the project is completed on time, within budget, and to the required quality and safety standards.

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⏺To ensure that people, materials, equipment, time, and money are used efficiently from the start of the project to its completion.

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⏺Defining the project scope, construction methods, sequence of work, schedule, and resource needs before construction starts.

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⏺Preparing work programs, setting milestones, and ensuring activities are completed according to the planned timeline.

⭐️4. Quality management

⏺Ensuring materials, workmanship, and construction methods meet drawings, specifications, and standards.

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⏺Identifying risks and implementing safety measures to protect workers, the public, and the structure.

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⏺Managing labor, materials, machinery, and subcontractors efficiently on site.

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⏺Coordinating between the client, consultant, contractor, suppliers, and authorities to avoid delays and conflicts.

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⏺Identifying potential problems (delays, cost increases, technical issues) and planning actions to reduce their impact.

📜In simple words

⏺Project management in building construction is making sure the right work is done, by the right people, at the right time, for the right cost, and in the right way.

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👉እነ ሳዑዲ ሰፊ በረሃ እያላቸው ለምን አሸዋ ይገዛሉ?

💫ሳውዲ አረቢያና የተባበሩት አረብ ኤምሬትስ (UAE) በዓለም ላይ በበረሃማነታቸውና በአሸዋ ክምችታቸው የሚታወቁ አገራት ናቸው።

ሆኖም የሚገርመው እውነታ፣ እነዚህ አገራት በየዓመቱ በሚሊዮን የሚቆጠር ዶላር አውጥተው አሸዋ ከአውስትራሊያና ከሌሎች አገራት ያስመጣሉ።

ይህ ለብዙዎቻችን ግራ የሚያጋባ ቢመስልም፣ ከጀርባው ግን ትልቅ ሳይንሳዊና ኢኮኖሚያዊ ምክንያት አለው።

"የበረሃ አሸዋ" ለምን ለህንፃ አይሆንም?

በሳውዲና በዱባይ በረሃዎች ውስጥ ያለው አሸዋ በንፋስ አማካኝነት ለሺህ ዓመታት ሲንከባለል የኖረ ነው።

ይህ ሂደት አሸዋውን እጅግ ድቡልቡልና ለስላሳ (too smooth and round) ያደርገዋል።

በግንባታ ሳይንስ ውስጥ ኮንክሪት ጠንካራ እንዲሆን አሸዋው እርስ በርሱ የሚቆላለፍ "ሻካራ ወይም ጠርዛማ" (angular) መሆን አለበት። የበረሃው አሸዋ ግን እርስ በርሱ ስለማይጣበቅ፣ በሱ የሚሰራ ህንፃ ጥንካሬ አይኖረውም። በዚህም ምክንያት ለታላላቆቹ ሰማይ ጠቀስ ህንፃዎች ግንባታ የሚሆን አሸዋ ከአውስትራሊያ ባህር ዳርቻዎች ይገዛል።

ሳውዲ አረቢያና የአሸዋው ወጪ

ሳውዲ አረቢያ "Vision 2030" የተሰኘውን ግዙፍ የልማት እቅድ ለማሳካት እጅግ ብዙ አዳዲስ ከተሞችን (እንደ NEOM ያሉ) እየገነባች ነው። ለዚህም በየዓመቱ በመቶ ሚሊዮኖች የሚቆጠር ዶላር ለአሸዋ ግዢ ታወጣለች።

እንደ መረጃዎች ጥቆማ፣ ሳውዲ አረቢያ ባለፉት ዓመታት ብቻ ለግንባታ የሚሆን አሸዋ ለማስመጣት ከ120 ሚሊዮን ዶላር በላይ ወጪ አድርጋለች።

ይህ አሃዝ አገሪቱ ወደ ግዙፍ የግንባታ ኢንዱስትሪ ውስጥ በገባች ቁጥር እየጨመረ እንደሚሄድ ይጠበቃል።

የተባበሩት አረብ ኤምሬትስ (UAE) እና የ"ቢች" (Beach) ግንባታ

የተባበሩት አረብ ኤምሬትስ በተለይም ዱባይ፣ አሸዋን ለህንፃ ብቻ ሳይሆን ሰው ሰራሽ ደሴቶችንና የባህር ዳርቻዎችን (Beaches) ለመሥራት ትጠቀምበታለች።

የቡርጅ ካሊፋ ግንባታ፦ በዓለም ላይ ረጅሙ የሆነው ቡርጅ ካሊፋ ሲገነባ፣ አሸዋው የመጣው ከአውስትራሊያ ነበር። የዱባይ አሸዋ ለህንፃው ጥንካሬ አይሆንም ተብሎ ስለታመነ ከፍተኛ ገንዘብ ወጥቶበታል።

ሰው ሰራሽ ባህር ዳርቻዎች፦ ዱባይ የቱሪስት መስህብ የሆኑትን "Palm Jumeirah" የመሰሉ ሰው ሰራሽ ደሴቶችን ስትሰራ፣ በሚሊዮን የሚቆጠር ቶን አሸዋ ከባህር ስር አውጥታለች። ነገር ግን ለአሸዋማ የባህር ዳርቻዎቿ (luxury beaches) የሚሆን ንጹህና ነጭ አሸዋ ከአውስትራሊያ ታስመጣለች። ምክንያቱም የአገር ውስጥ አሸዋው በጣም ደቃቅና አቧራማ ስለሆነ ለቱሪስቶች ምቹ አይደለም።

ዓለም አቀፉ የአሸዋ ቀውስ
አሸዋ ከውኃ ቀጥሎ በዓለም ላይ በከፍተኛ ደረጃ ጥቅም ላይ የሚውል የተፈጥሮ ሀብት ነው። በአሁኑ ወቅት በአለም አቀፍ ደረጃ ጥራት ያለው የህንፃ አሸዋ እጥረት እየታየ ነው። ይህም ሳውዲና UAE በውድ ዋጋ ከአውስትራሊያ እንዲገዙ አስገዳጅ ሁኔታዎችን ፈጥሯል።

ይህ የሚያስተምረን ትልቁ ቁምነገር፣ የተፈጥሮ ሀብት መኖር ብቻውን ዋጋ እንደሌለው ነው። ሀብቱ ለምን ተግባር እንደሚውል ማወቅና ጥራቱን መለየት ለኢኮኖሚ እድገት ወሳኝ ነው። ሳውዲና UAE በረሃ እያላቸው አሸዋ የሚገዙት፣ ለጥራትና ለደህንነት ቅድሚያ ስለሚሰጡ ነው።

⭐️አዲሱ የ YouTube ቻናላችን ተቀላቅለዋል?👇

https://www.youtube.com/@EthiopianConstruction7

@etconp

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Ab Con General Waterproofing Works

የውሃ አቅርቦትዎን በከፍተኛ ደረጃ ለመጨመር በፋይበርግላስ የውሃ ማጠራቀሚያ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ ስርዓታት ይጠቀሙ !!!

◇ በፋይበርግላስ  የተሰራ የውሃ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ በጉድጓድ ዉስጥ ከሚመጣ የሽንት ቤት ፍሳሾች ሙሉ ለሙሉ የተከለለ ስለሚሆን ለዉሀ ብክለት  አስተማማኝ ነዉ ።
◇በፋይበርግላስ  የተሰራ የውሃ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ መበስበስ እና መሰነጣጠቅ የሚባል ነገር ፈፅሞ አይታሰብም።
◇በፋይበርግላስ የተሰራ የውሃ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ ለማፅዳት በቀላሉ የሚመች ሲሆን ፣ በዉሀ ዉስጥ በፍጥነት ለሚራባዉ አልጌ ደግሞ ፈፅሞ የማይመች ነዉ ።
◇በፋይበርግላስ  የተሰራ የውሃ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ ከመሬት በታች በጉድጎድ ዉስጥ ስለሚሰራ ቦታ ቆጣቢ ነዉ።
◇ለመዋኛ ገንዳ

◇ ለመኖሪያ ቤቶች ፣፤ሪል እስቴቶች ፤ድርጅቶች ፤ሆስፒታሎች፥ ሆቴሎች ፥ ኤምባሲዎች፥የእርሻ ቦታዎች ፥ኢንዱስትሪ ፓርኮች ወዘተ የኛ ተጠቃሚዎች ናቸዉ።

🤳0913967277
     0968966602

👉How tensile stress is developed in reinforced concrete section?

🚧Tensile stress in a reinforced concrete (RC) section develops mainly due to bending and external loads.

⭐️Here is the clear step-by-step mechanism

💫1. Concrete behavior under load

⏺Concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension. When loads act on an RC member (beam, slab, etc.), internal stresses are created.

💫2. Bending action causes tension

⏺When a beam is subjected to bending (for example, a simply supported beam with load from above):

⏺The top fibers of the section shorten:- compression
⏺The bottom fibers elongate :-tension

💫3. Development of tensile stress in concrete

⏺As bending increases:
The bottom part of the concrete is stretched
⏺Tensile stress develops in that zone Concrete cannot resist high tension

💫4. Cracking of concrete

⏺When tensile stress exceeds the tensile strength of concrete: Cracks form in the tension stops carrying tension effectively

💫5. Role of steel reinforcement

⏺Steel bars are placed in the tension zone because:
Steel has high tensile strength
Steel and concrete bond together After cracking, steel carries almost all tensile stress

💫6. Final stress condition in RC section

⏺Concrete:-carries compression
⏺Steel reinforcements carries :- tension
⏺Both act together as a composite section

📜Summary

Tensile stress in reinforced concrete develops due to bending caused by external loads. The tension zone stretches, concrete cracks, and the steel reinforcement takes over the tensile forces.

@etconp

👉How Vertical Force Create Diagonal Crack in Beam?

💫Vertical force (load) creates diagonal cracks in a reinforced concrete beam because it produces shear stress together with bending stress. The interaction of these stresses causes principal tensile stress that acts diagonally.

🏷Here is a clear step-by-step explanation:

⭐️1. Effect of Vertical Load on a Beam

⏺When a vertical load acts on a beam: It creates bending moment and It also creates shear force, especially near the supports

⭐️2. Stress Distribution Inside the Beam

⏺Inside the beam section: Flexural (bending) stress causes Compression at the top Tension at the bottom
⏺Shear stress is maximum near the neutral axis Concrete is weak in tension, so cracks form where tensile stress is highest.

⭐️3. Combination of Stresses

🔰Principal Tensile Stress
⏺At any point in the beam:
Vertical shear stress (τ)
Horizontal flexural tensile stress (σ) These two stresses combine to form principal tensile stress, which acts at an inclined (diagonal) direction.

🔹 Concrete cracks perpendicular to the direction of maximum tensile stress
🔹 Therefore, cracks appear diagonally

⭐️4. Why Diagonal Cracks Start Near Supports

⏺Shear force is maximum near supports
❇️Bending tension still exists
This combination causes diagonal tension cracks to start at the bottom of the beam near the support and move upward toward the load

⭐️5. Typical Crack Angle

⏺Diagonal cracks usually form at 30°–45° to the beam axis This angle depends on:
❇️Shear force magnitude
❇️Beam depth
❇️Material properties

⭐️6. Types of Shear-Related Diagonal Cracks

📍Flexure-shear cracks

⏺Start as vertical flexural cracks Turn diagonal as shear increases

📍Web-shear cracks

⏺Form suddenly without prior flexural cracks Occur in deep beams or short spans

⭐️7. Role of Stirrups (Shear Reinforcement)

⏺Diagonal cracks are controlled by stirrups

❇️Stirrups: Carry shear force
⏺Prevent sudden brittle shear failure
⏺Limit crack width and propagation

@etconp

‼️ሀይሌጋርመንት African CDC ፊት ለፊት ምን አለ???!
✍️09-24-47-98-91
#ቴምርሪልስቴት


📍ሀይሌጋርመንት African CDC ፊት ለፊት

#ሙሉ ለሚከፍል

👉3 መኝታ 139ካሬ 10,216,500ብር ሙሉ ክፍያ

#ቀስ ብሎ መክፈል ለሚፈልግ

👉 ባለ 3መኝታ (139ካሬ)

ሙሉ ክፍያ = 14,595,000ብር

ቅድመ ክፍያ = 10% (1,459,500ብር )

* ቀሪውን 90% እስከ 9ዙር፤ ያለምንም ወለድና የግንባታ እቃዎች ጭማሪ፤ በኢትዮጵያ ብር ከፍለው የሚጨርሱት

* 40% እና ከዚያ በላይ ለሚከፍሉ፣20%_30%ቅናሽ አዘጋጅተናል

ይደውሉልን!
+251924479891

ታምራት ፕሌት እና ጄ ቦልት አቅራቢ

✅የምንሰጣቸው አገልግሎቶች

🔅 ፕሌት any Size & thickness
🔅 ጄ ቦልት (ጥርስ ማዉጣትና ማጠፍ)

🔅 የተለያዩ  [modefic] ስራዎችን እንሰራለን።

♦️ ማንኛዉንም ብረታ ብረት እንገዛለን።

☎️ስልክ 0904040477 ወይም 0911016833 ደውለው ያግኙን
📱ቴሌግራም ላይ ፦https://t.me/heavenic1

አድራሻ፦  ቁ 1.መርካቶ
                ቁ.2 አየር ጤና  ኪዳነ ምህረት
                 ቁ.3 ቄራ

ጥራትና ታማኝነት መለያችን ነው።
ታምራት ፕሌት እና ጄ ቦልት አቅራቢ

👉The Main pre-requirements and safety issues for formwork in high-rise buildings

🚧1. Pre-requirements for Formwork (Before Installation)

❇️A) Approved Design & Drawings
⏺Formwork shop drawings approved by engineer
⏺Checked for loads: fresh concrete, workers, equipment, wind Proper details for props, ties, bracing, and connections

❇️B) Qualified Personnel
⏺Formwork erection supervised by experienced engineer/foreman Workers trained in formwork handling and safety

❇️C) Material Inspection
⏺Formwork materials free from: Cracks, deformation, corrosion
⏺Damaged plywood or bent steel props
⏺Adequate load capacity for high-rise floors

❇️D) Proper Planning

⏺Formwork sequence and stripping time planned
⏺Concrete strength gain verified before removal Crane lifting plan prepared

❇️D) Stable Base

⏺Props placed on solid ground or slabs Use of sole plates/base plates under vertical props

🚧2. Major Safety Issues in High-Rise Formwork

❇️A) Risk of Collapse (Most Critical)

💫Causes:
⏺Insufficient bracing
⏺Early removal of props
⏺Overloading with materials

💫Safety Measures:

⏺Follow design strictly
⏺No removal without engineer approval

❇️B) Fall from Height

⏺Workers exposed at slab edges and columns

💫Safety Measures:

⏺Guardrails and edge protection
⏺Safety harness with lifeline Proper access (ladders, stair towers)

❇️C) Improper Shoring & Reshoring

⏺Lower floors may fail if reshoring is ignored

💫Safety Measures:

⏺Continuous reshoring transfer checked floor by floor

❇️D) Lifting & Handling Hazards

⏺Crane lifting of panels at height

💫Safety Measures:

⏺Certified lifting points Tag lines used
⏺No workers below suspended loads

❇️E) Concrete Pouring Pressure

⏺Fresh concrete creates horizontal and vertical pressure

💫Safety Measures:

⏺Controlled pouring rate
⏺No overfilling in one location
⏺Continuous monitoring during pour

❇️F) Weather Effects

⏺Wind load critical in high-rise buildings
⏺Safety Measures: Extra bracing at height
⏺Stop work during strong wind or rain

🚧3. During Formwork Installation

⏺Check vertical alignment of props
⏺Ensure tight connections and locking pins
⏺Keep working platforms clean and non-slippery
⏺Adequate lighting for night work

🚧4. Before Concrete Pour

💫Engineer & safety officer inspection Confirm:
⏺Bracing complete Props tight
⏺Openings covered Permit to pour issued

🚧5. During Stripping

⏺Remove only after required concrete strength achieved
Follow top-down or approved sequence
⏺Do not remove load-carrying props early Barricade stripping zone

🚧6. Key Safety Checklist

✔ Approved formwork design
✔ Strong bracing & reshoring
✔ Fall protection system
✔ Safe lifting practice
✔ Proper supervision
✔ No early removal
✔ Regular inspection

@etconp

👉የግንባታ ላይ አደጋ❗️

📍ናይሮቢ÷ኬንያ

🚧በዛሬው እለት ናይሮቢ ውስጥ በግንባታ ላይ ያለ ባለ 16 ወለል ህንጻ ተንዷል።

🏷የናዳው ምክንያት እና በሰዎች ላይ የደረሰው አደጋ አልተዘገበም።

💫በአገራችን ይህ አይነት አደጋ ቢያጋጥም የግንባታው ይሁን የንድፉ ችግር ይሄንን ማምጣቱን የሚመረምር ተቋም ሆነ ቡድን ይኖር ይሆን?

@etconp

👉የግንባታ ፍቃድ እና የግንባታ ፕላን

💫በኢትዮጵያ የሕንጻ አዋጅ ቁጥር 624/20001 እና በሚኒስቴሮች ምክር ቤት ደንብ ቁጥር 243/2003 (አንቀጽ 2(8)) መሰረት፦

⭐️የግንባታ ፍቃድ ማለት አንድ የሕንጻ ግንባታ ለማካሄድ ለሚፈልግ አካል ሕንጻውን ለመገንባት የሚያስችሉት ዝርዝር መስፈርቶች እንደተሟሉ በከተማው (ሕንጻ) ሹም ተረጋግጦ ግንባታ እንዲካሄድ ፍቃድ መስጠቱን የሚገልጽ ማስረጃ ማለት ነው።

🚧ፕላን ማለት ደግሞ በአዋጁ አንቀጽ 2(15) ሥር እንደተጠቀሰው የአንድ ሕንጻ መጠን፣ ቅርጽ፣ ስፋት እና አይነት የሚያሳይ ሆኖ ሕንጻው የሚሰራበትን ቁሳቁስ /ግብአት/ እና የአገነባብ ዘዴን የሚያሳይ ንድፍ ወይም ሞዴል ሲሆን የአርክቴክቸራል፣ ስትራክቸራል፣ ሳኒተሪ፣ ኤሌክትሪካል፣ መካኒካል፣ የእሳት መከላከል እና ሌሎች አስፈላጊ ሥራዎችን የሚያሳይ ንድፍ የሚያካትት ማለት ነው።

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