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đŤá¨ "Quantity Surveying" Full Course á áŚáááá ááá á¨ááľááá á°ááŞáá˝ áĽá ᨠáŽááľáľáŤáá˝á áŁáááŤáá˝ 4á°á áá á á°ááŁáŁá áá ááĽááľ á°ááŞáá˝ áááᣠááá¨ááâ¤
âď¸á¨ áá°áľ á áá á ááľááá¨áľ ᨠ25 % á áá˝ á ááááâ¤
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á˘ážááąáŁ áłá áłáľ 15 áá 2018 á/á (á¨ááá)
á¨á¨á°áá áá°á¨á° áááľ áááľá´á á¨ááá á¨2018 á ááľ áááľ á¨ááá˝ áááľ áĽá áľ á ááťá¸á áŞáááľ á¨áááľá´á ááľáŞáŤ á¤áą á¨ááá áááľ á áŁááľáŁ á¨ááá á ááŤáŽá˝ áĽá áŁáááŤáá˝ áĽáá˛áá á¨á°á ᪠á°áááľ á¨áľáŤ ááááá˝ á á°ááá áľ áá á¨áááá ááľá¨á á¨á°áŤáá°áá˘
ááľá¨áŠá á áááá áŤáľáááŠáľ á¨á¨á°áá áá°á¨á° áááľ áááľá´á áááľáľá ááĽááľ á/ᎠáŤááą áłá áĽááłááľ á¨ááľá´á ááľáŞáŤ á¤áą á¨ááá á¨ááááŞáŤ ááá˝ áááľ áĽá áľ á ááťá¸á á¨áĽáŤááłááą ááá áá á á áś áá á°ááĽáŻá á¨áááá áĽá á ááŤáŤ áĽá á°áŤá áá á ááá¨áľ á ááŁá ááá˝ áááľ á áľáŠá¨áľ á¨áá°áŤá áľ áááá áĽáááá˘
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á¨áááľá´á ááľáŞáŤ á¤áą á¨á¨á°á á áľá°áłá°á áĽá á áááááľ á á°áŁáĽ ááá áááľáľá á´á¤áł ááĄá á áś áááł á°áá á á¨á°á á áľá°áłá°á áĽá á áááááľ ááŞáŤ á¨áááá á¤áłá á áááááľ á á°áŁáĽáŁ á¨á¨á°áá˝ áááááľá áᢠáŞáááᣠá¨á¨á°áá˝ á˝áłáľ áĽá á á¨ááá´ áááľ á áááááľáŁ á¨á¨á°áá˝ áááłá á´áá˛ááľ ááŽááŤáᣠá¨á¨á°á ááá áĽá á á¨áłá°á áľáááľ áĽá á¨á¨á°á ááŹáľ á áľá°áłá°á áĽá á¨áŤáłáľá°á áľáááľ á áááá¨áľ á ááá˝ á ááą á¨á°á°áŠ áľáŤáá˝ á á áá ááá˘
á áááľá´á ááľáŞáŤ á¤áą á¨á¤áśá˝ áĽá á¨á¨á°á áááľ ááá ááľáľá á´á¤áł ááĽááľ á/Ꭰááá á°á á á á áŠáá¸á á¨á¤áľ áááľ ááᲠá áľááááś á¨á¨á°áá˝ á¨á¤áľ áááľ ááŽááŤáᣠá¨áá á á¤áľ áááľ ááŽááŤáᣠá¨á¤áľ áá¨áá á áľá°áłá°á ááŽááŤáᣠá áá áłá á¨ááľá ááľáľá áĽá áľáá áĽáá˛áá á¨á¤áśá˝ áááľ áĽá á áľá°áłá°á áľáŤáá˝á á á°ááá¨á° á¨á˛ááá ááá áľ áľáŤáá˝áŁ á ááááĽáľ á áľá°áŁáŁáŞááľ á¨á°ááᥠá¤áśá˝áŁ á áá ááá á¨á°ááᥠá¤áśá˝áŁ á¨áá á ááá¨ááľ á¨á¤áľ áááľáŁ á¨á¤áľ áááľ áááááľáŁ á¨á¤áľ áá¨á á áľá°áłá°áᣠá¨áŞá ááŽááᲠááĽááľ áĽá áá᳠ᣠá¨á¨á°á áá°á¨á° áááľ áľáŤáá˝ áĽá á¨á á¨ááá´ áá°á¨á° áááľ áĽá á¨áŽáŞá°á áľáŤáá˝ á ááťá¸á á á áá ááá˘
á¨áá°á¨á° áááľ ááá áááľáľá á´á¤áł ááĄá á¨áľáááł á áľáŤáľ(áś/á) á á°ááłáłá á¨ááá á¨2018 á ááľ áááľ á¨ááááŞáŤ ááá˝ áááľ á¨ááŽáááľ á ááťá¸áá á áľáááá°á á¨ááááľ áááŁáł á ááťá¸áᣠá¨ááááľ áĽáá á ááťá¸áᣠá¨áá°á ááľá¨á á áľáŤáá˝ á ááťá¸áᣠá¨áŤááłá á ááľ á á áááᣠá¨ááááľ áááľ á¨áľáľáľáľ áá á¨áᢠá ááťá¸áᣠá¨áá á ááááľ áľáľáľá áááἠááľáľá ááŽááŤáᣠá¨á°áá áááŁáłáŁ á á ááá á¨áŞááá áľáŤáá˝áŁ á¨á˘ááąáľáľáŞ á°ááłáłáŞááľ áĽá áá¤áłáááľ áĽá á¨áŽááľáľáŤáá˝á áá ááľ áĽá áá°á á¨áľáŤáá˝ á ááťá¸á á á áá ááá˘
á áá¨á¨áťá á ááĽááľ áááľáľá á/ᎠáŤááą áłá á¨áá áá፠ááłáĽ áĽá á¨ááŁá á¨áľáŤ á á áŁáŤ á ááľá áľ á¨ááááá ááľá¨á á°á áá á á¨á°áá á¨ááááľ ááŽáááľ á°ááĽááˇáá˘
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á˘ážááąáŁ áłá áłáľ 15 áá 2018 á/á (á¨ááá)
á¨á¨á°áá áá°á¨á° áááľ áááľá´á á¨ááá á¨2018 á ááľ áááľ á¨ááá˝ áááľ áĽá áľ á ááťá¸á áŞáááľ á¨áááľá´á ááľáŞáŤ á¤áą á¨ááá áááľ á áŁááľáŁ á¨ááá á ááŤáŽá˝ áĽá áŁáááŤáá˝ áĽáá˛áá á¨á°á ᪠á°áááľ á¨áľáŤ ááááá˝ á á°ááá áľ áá á¨áááá ááľá¨á á¨á°áŤáá°áá˘
ááľá¨áŠá á áááá áŤáľáááŠáľ á¨á¨á°áá áá°á¨á° áááľ áááľá´á áááľáľá ááĽááľ á/ᎠáŤááą áłá áĽááłááľ á¨ááľá´á ááľáŞáŤ á¤áą á¨ááá á¨ááááŞáŤ ááá˝ áááľ áĽá áľ á ááťá¸á á¨áĽáŤááłááą ááá áá á á áś áá á°ááĽáŻá á¨áááá áĽá á ááŤáŤ áĽá á°áŤá áá á ááá¨áľ á ááŁá ááá˝ áááľ á áľáŠá¨áľ á¨áá°áŤá áľ áááá áĽáááá˘
á¨á¨á°á áááľ ááá á¨ááᥠááááľáľ áá˛á ááááľáľ áá¨á°á áአáľáŠá¨áľ á ááľá áľ áĽá¨á°áŤ áĽá á¨áá°á áááááľ á¨áłá¨á áľ áĽáá˛áá á á¨áá°á á¨ááá°áŤáŤáľ á°á¨á áá áĽáá°áááá á°ááá¨áá á˘
á¨á°áááľáŁ á¨áľáŤ áááá˝áŁ á¨á ááŤá áĽá á¨á˛áľá°á á áá áľ áľáŠá¨áľ á¨áááŁá¸á ááłáŽá˝ á˛áá á¨ááááľáľ á áááááľ áĽá á áľá°áłá°á áŞááá á á°áᨠáľáŠá¨áľ áá°áŤ áááŁá áĽááá ááĽááľ áááľáľá á˘
á¨áááľá´á ááľáŞáŤ á¤áą á¨á¨á°á á áľá°áłá°á áĽá á áááááľ á á°áŁáĽ ááá áááľáľá á´á¤áł ááĄá á áś áááł á°áá á á¨á°á á áľá°áłá°á áĽá á áááááľ ááŞáŤ á¨áááá á¤áłá á áááááľ á á°áŁáĽáŁ á¨á¨á°áá˝ áááááľá áᢠáŞáááᣠá¨á¨á°áá˝ á˝áłáľ áĽá á á¨ááá´ áááľ á áááááľáŁ á¨á¨á°áá˝ áááłá á´áá˛ááľ ááŽááŤáᣠá¨á¨á°á ááá áĽá á á¨áłá°á áľáááľ áĽá á¨á¨á°á ááŹáľ á áľá°áłá°á áĽá á¨áŤáłáľá°á áľáááľ á áááá¨áľ á ááá˝ á ááą á¨á°á°áŠ áľáŤáá˝ á á áá ááá˘
á áááľá´á ááľáŞáŤ á¤áą á¨á¤áśá˝ áĽá á¨á¨á°á áááľ ááá ááľáľá á´á¤áł ááĽááľ á/Ꭰááá á°á á á á áŠáá¸á á¨á¤áľ áááľ ááᲠá áľááááś á¨á¨á°áá˝ á¨á¤áľ áááľ ááŽááŤáᣠá¨áá á á¤áľ áááľ ááŽááŤáᣠá¨á¤áľ áá¨áá á áľá°áłá°á ááŽááŤáᣠá áá áłá á¨ááľá ááľáľá áĽá áľáá áĽáá˛áá á¨á¤áśá˝ áááľ áĽá á áľá°áłá°á áľáŤáá˝á á á°ááá¨á° á¨á˛ááá ááá áľ áľáŤáá˝áŁ á ááááĽáľ á áľá°áŁáŁáŞááľ á¨á°ááᥠá¤áśá˝áŁ á áá ááá á¨á°ááᥠá¤áśá˝áŁ á¨áá á ááá¨ááľ á¨á¤áľ áááľáŁ á¨á¤áľ áááľ áááááľáŁ á¨á¤áľ áá¨á á áľá°áłá°áᣠá¨áŞá ááŽááᲠááĽááľ áĽá áá᳠ᣠá¨á¨á°á áá°á¨á° áááľ áľáŤáá˝ áĽá á¨á á¨ááá´ áá°á¨á° áááľ áĽá á¨áŽáŞá°á áľáŤáá˝ á ááťá¸á á á áá ááá˘
á¨áá°á¨á° áááľ ááá áááľáľá á´á¤áł ááĄá á¨áľáááł á áľáŤáľ(áś/á) á á°ááłáłá á¨ááá á¨2018 á ááľ áááľ á¨ááááŞáŤ ááá˝ áááľ á¨ááŽáááľ á ááťá¸áá á áľáááá°á á¨ááááľ áááŁáł á ááťá¸áᣠá¨ááááľ áĽáá á ááťá¸áᣠá¨áá°á ááľá¨á á áľáŤáá˝ á ááťá¸áᣠá¨áŤááłá á ááľ á á áááᣠá¨ááááľ áááľ á¨áľáľáľáľ áá á¨áᢠá ááťá¸áᣠá¨áá á ááááľ áľáľáľá áááἠááľáľá ááŽááŤáᣠá¨á°áá áááŁáłáŁ á á ááá á¨áŞááá áľáŤáá˝áŁ á¨á˘ááąáľáľáŞ á°ááłáłáŞááľ áĽá áá¤áłáááľ áĽá á¨áŽááľáľáŤáá˝á áá ááľ áĽá áá°á á¨áľáŤáá˝ á ááťá¸á á á áá ááá˘
á áá¨á¨áťá á ááĽááľ áááľáľá á/ᎠáŤááą áłá á¨áá áá፠ááłáĽ áĽá á¨ááŁá á¨áľáŤ á á áŁáŤ á ááľá áľ á¨ááááá ááľá¨á á°á áá á á¨á°áá á¨ááááľ ááŽáááľ á°ááĽááˇáá˘
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đĽReal estate cannot be lost or stolen it's the safest investment.
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â Concrete Admixtures
â Bonding Agents
â Waterproofings
â Wall Putty, Prime Coat
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âď¸ Tel: 0961955555
đš Address 1: Signal road, around
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đš Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
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â Concrete Admixtures
â Bonding Agents
â Waterproofings
â Wall Putty, Prime Coat
â Concrete Repair Mortar
â Floor hardener, Epoxy
â Grout, Self-level mortar
â Quartz paint, Contextra
â Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
â Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
âď¸ Tel: 0961955555
đš Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital
đš Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza
â¤1đ1
đType Of Irrigation Gate?
đŤThere are several types of irrigation gates used in water control systems to manage the flow of water for irrigation. Here are the main types:
đ1. Sluice Gates:
âşThese are adjustable gates typically used in irrigation systems to regulate water flow through canals, reservoirs, and rivers.
âşThey are operated by a handwheel or motor and can be raised or lowered to control the flow of water.
đ2. Radial Gates:
âşThese gates are often used in dams and large irrigation systems.
âşThey are designed to operate under high-pressure conditions and can be raised or lowered as needed. Radial gates are curved in shape and are highly effective for large-scale irrigation projects.
đ3. Slide Gates:
âşSimilar to sluice gates, these are typically used in smaller irrigation canals and ditches.
âşThey slide vertically or horizontally to control the water flow and are simpler in design compared to radial gates.
đ4. Stoplogs:
âşUsed primarily in smaller, low-pressure irrigation systems, stoplogs are large, flat panels that are inserted into a frame to block or allow the flow of water.
âşThey are typically used to isolate certain areas of a system for maintenance.
đ5. Tainter Gates:
âşThese are curved gates that operate by rotating on hinges. They are often used in dam outlets and larger irrigation projects where the gate needs to be able to open and close quickly and efficiently under pressure.
đ6. Flap Gates:
âşFlap gates allow water to flow in one direction but prevent it from flowing backward.
âşThese are often used in drains or small irrigation systems where backflow needs to be prevented.
âď¸Each type of gate has specific features and is chosen based on the requirements of the irrigation system, including the volume of water, the pressure, and the complexity of the canal system.
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đŤThere are several types of irrigation gates used in water control systems to manage the flow of water for irrigation. Here are the main types:
đ1. Sluice Gates:
âşThese are adjustable gates typically used in irrigation systems to regulate water flow through canals, reservoirs, and rivers.
âşThey are operated by a handwheel or motor and can be raised or lowered to control the flow of water.
đ2. Radial Gates:
âşThese gates are often used in dams and large irrigation systems.
âşThey are designed to operate under high-pressure conditions and can be raised or lowered as needed. Radial gates are curved in shape and are highly effective for large-scale irrigation projects.
đ3. Slide Gates:
âşSimilar to sluice gates, these are typically used in smaller irrigation canals and ditches.
âşThey slide vertically or horizontally to control the water flow and are simpler in design compared to radial gates.
đ4. Stoplogs:
âşUsed primarily in smaller, low-pressure irrigation systems, stoplogs are large, flat panels that are inserted into a frame to block or allow the flow of water.
âşThey are typically used to isolate certain areas of a system for maintenance.
đ5. Tainter Gates:
âşThese are curved gates that operate by rotating on hinges. They are often used in dam outlets and larger irrigation projects where the gate needs to be able to open and close quickly and efficiently under pressure.
đ6. Flap Gates:
âşFlap gates allow water to flow in one direction but prevent it from flowing backward.
âşThese are often used in drains or small irrigation systems where backflow needs to be prevented.
âď¸Each type of gate has specific features and is chosen based on the requirements of the irrigation system, including the volume of water, the pressure, and the complexity of the canal system.
đˇOur New YouTube Channel is Here Please Subscribeđ
https://www.youtube.com/@EthiopianConstruction7
@etconp
â¤3đ1đĽ1
đProject management in building construction
đ§It is the organized process of planning, coordinating, and controlling all activities involved in constructing a building so the project is completed on time, within budget, and to the required quality and safety standards.
đˇMain purpose
âşTo ensure that people, materials, equipment, time, and money are used efficiently from the start of the project to its completion.
đ§Key aspects of construction project management
âď¸1. Planning
âşDefining the project scope, construction methods, sequence of work, schedule, and resource needs before construction starts.
âď¸2. Cost management
âşEstimating costs, preparing budgets, monitoring expenses, and controlling variations to avoid cost overruns.
âď¸3. Time (schedule) management
âşPreparing work programs, setting milestones, and ensuring activities are completed according to the planned timeline.
âď¸4. Quality management
âşEnsuring materials, workmanship, and construction methods meet drawings, specifications, and standards.
âď¸5. Safety management
âşIdentifying risks and implementing safety measures to protect workers, the public, and the structure.
âď¸6. Resource management
âşManaging labor, materials, machinery, and subcontractors efficiently on site.
âď¸7. Communication & coordination
âşCoordinating between the client, consultant, contractor, suppliers, and authorities to avoid delays and conflicts.
âď¸8. Risk management
âşIdentifying potential problems (delays, cost increases, technical issues) and planning actions to reduce their impact.
đIn simple words
âşProject management in building construction is making sure the right work is done, by the right people, at the right time, for the right cost, and in the right way.
@etconp
đ§It is the organized process of planning, coordinating, and controlling all activities involved in constructing a building so the project is completed on time, within budget, and to the required quality and safety standards.
đˇMain purpose
âşTo ensure that people, materials, equipment, time, and money are used efficiently from the start of the project to its completion.
đ§Key aspects of construction project management
âď¸1. Planning
âşDefining the project scope, construction methods, sequence of work, schedule, and resource needs before construction starts.
âď¸2. Cost management
âşEstimating costs, preparing budgets, monitoring expenses, and controlling variations to avoid cost overruns.
âď¸3. Time (schedule) management
âşPreparing work programs, setting milestones, and ensuring activities are completed according to the planned timeline.
âď¸4. Quality management
âşEnsuring materials, workmanship, and construction methods meet drawings, specifications, and standards.
âď¸5. Safety management
âşIdentifying risks and implementing safety measures to protect workers, the public, and the structure.
âď¸6. Resource management
âşManaging labor, materials, machinery, and subcontractors efficiently on site.
âď¸7. Communication & coordination
âşCoordinating between the client, consultant, contractor, suppliers, and authorities to avoid delays and conflicts.
âď¸8. Risk management
âşIdentifying potential problems (delays, cost increases, technical issues) and planning actions to reduce their impact.
đIn simple words
âşProject management in building construction is making sure the right work is done, by the right people, at the right time, for the right cost, and in the right way.
@etconp
â¤15đ10
đáĽá áłáᲠá°á á á¨á áĽáŤáá¸á ááá á á¸á áááá?
đŤáłáᲠá á¨á˘áŤá á¨á°áŁá áŠáľ á á¨áĽ á¤ááŹáľáľ (UAE) á ááá áá á á á¨ááááłá¸áá á á á¸á ááá˝áłá¸á á¨ááłáá á ááŤáľ áá¸áá˘
ááá á¨ááááá áĽáááłáŁ áĽááá á ááŤáľ á á¨áááą á áááŽá á¨ááá á áśáá á ááĽá°á á á¸á á¨á ááľáľáŤááŤá á¨ááá˝ á ááŤáľ áŤáľááŁáá˘
áá ááĽáááťá˝á á፠á¨ááŤáᣠá˘ááľááᣠá¨áááŁá áá áľáá áłáááłáá á˘áŽáááŤá ááááŤáľ á ááá˘
"á¨á á¨á á á¸á" ááá áá áá á áááá?
á áłáá˛á á áąáŁá á á¨ááá˝ ááľáĽ áŤáá á á¸á á áááľ á ááŤáááľ ááşá áááłáľ á˛áá¨áŁáá á¨áᨠááá˘
áá áá°áľ á á¸ááá áĽá á áľáĄááĄáá ááľááł (too smooth and round) áŤá°ááááá˘
á áááŁáł áłáááľ ááľáĽ áŽáááŞáľ á ááŤáŤ áĽáá˛áá á á¸áá áĽááľ á ááą á¨ááááá "áťáŤáŤ ááá á ááá" (angular) ááá á áá áľá˘ á¨á á¨áá á á¸á áá áĽááľ á ááą áľááááŁá á ᣠá áą á¨áá°áŤ á áá áĽááŤáŹ á ááá¨ááᢠá áá á ááááŤáľ ááłááááš á°áá á ááľ á áááá˝ áááŁáł á¨ááá á á¸á á¨á ááľáľáŤá፠áŁá á áłááťáá˝ ááááá˘
áłáᲠá á¨á˘áŤá á¨á á¸áá ááŞ
áłáᲠá á¨á˘áŤ "Vision 2030" á¨á°á°ááá ááá á¨áááľ áĽá áľ áááłáŤáľ áĽá á áĽá á áłá˛áľ á¨á°áá˝á (áĽáá° NEOM áŤá) áĽá¨áááŁá˝ ááᢠááá á á á¨áááą á ááś áááŽáá˝ á¨ááá á áśáá áá á¸á áᢠáłááŁáá˝á˘
áĽáá° áá¨ááá˝ áĽááᣠáłáᲠá á¨á˘áŤ áŁáááľ áááłáľ áĽáť ááááŁáł á¨ááá á á¸á áááľááŁáľ á¨120 áááŽá áśáá á áá á᪠á áľáááá˝á˘
áá á áá á ááŞáą áá° ááá á¨áááŁáł á˘ááąáľáľáŞ ááľáĽ á ááŁá˝ ááĽá áĽá¨á¨áᨠáĽáá°áááľ áá á ááá˘
á¨á°áŁá áŠáľ á á¨áĽ á¤ááŹáľáľ (UAE) áĽá á¨"á˘á˝" (Beach) áááŁáł
á¨á°áŁá áŠáľ á á¨áĽ á¤ááŹáľáľ á á°ááá áąáŁáᣠá á¸áá áá áá áĽáť áłááá á°á á°áŤá˝ á°á´áśá˝áá á¨áŁá á áłááťáá˝á (Beaches) áááĽáŤáľ áľá ááá áłáá˝á˘
á¨áĄáá áŤáá áááŁáłáŚ á ááá áá á¨á á á¨ááá áĄáá áŤáá á˛áááŁáŁ á á¸áá á¨ááŁá á¨á ááľáľáŤá፠áá áᢠá¨áąáŁá á á¸á áá ááá áĽááŤáŹ á áááá á°áĽá áľááłáá á¨áá°á áááἠááĽáśá áłáá˘
á°á á°áŤá˝ áŁá á áłááťáá˝áŚ áąáŁá á¨áąáŞáľáľ ááľá ἠá¨áááľá "Palm Jumeirah" á¨áá°á á°á á°áŤá˝ á°á´áśá˝á áľáľá°áŤáŁ á áááŽá á¨ááá á áśá á á¸á á¨áŁá á áľá á ááĽáłáá˝á˘ ááá áá áá á¸áá á¨áŁá á áłááťááż (luxury beaches) á¨ááá áášá á áá á á¸á á¨á ááľáľáŤá፠áłáľááŁáá˝á˘ ááááŤáąá á¨á áá ááľáĽ á á¸áá á áŁá á°áá á á á§áŤá áľááá ááąáŞáľáśá˝ ááš á áá°ááá˘
ááá á áá á¨á á¸á áááľ
á á¸á á¨áá ááĽá á ááá áá á á¨áá°á á°á¨á áĽá á áá á¨ááá á¨á°ááĽáŽ ááĽáľ ááᢠá á áá áá áľ á á áá á áá á°á¨á áĽáŤáľ áŤáá á¨á áá á á¸á áĽáĽá¨áľ áĽá¨áłá¨ ááᢠáá á áłáá˛á UAE á ááľ áá á¨á ááľáľáŤá፠áĽáá˛áá á áľááłá áááłáá˝á ááĽáŻáá˘
áá á¨ááŤáľá°áá¨á áľáá áááááᣠá¨á°ááĽáŽ ááĽáľ ááá áĽáťáá áá áĽáá°ááá ááᢠááĽáą ááá á°ááŁá áĽáá°ááá ááá á áĽáŤáąá ááá¨áľ áá˘áŽáá áĽáľááľ ááłá ááᢠáłáá˛á UAE á á¨á áĽáŤáá¸á á á¸á á¨ááááľáŁ ááĽáŤáľá áá°á áááľ á áľá፠áľááá°áĄ ááá˘
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đŤáłáᲠá á¨á˘áŤá á¨á°áŁá áŠáľ á á¨áĽ á¤ááŹáľáľ (UAE) á ááá áá á á á¨ááááłá¸áá á á á¸á ááá˝áłá¸á á¨ááłáá á ááŤáľ áá¸áá˘
ááá á¨ááááá áĽáááłáŁ áĽááá á ááŤáľ á á¨áááą á áááŽá á¨ááá á áśáá á ááĽá°á á á¸á á¨á ááľáľáŤááŤá á¨ááá˝ á ááŤáľ áŤáľááŁáá˘
áá ááĽáááťá˝á á፠á¨ááŤáᣠá˘ááľááᣠá¨áááŁá áá áľáá áłáááłáá á˘áŽáááŤá ááááŤáľ á ááá˘
"á¨á á¨á á á¸á" ááá áá áá á áááá?
á áłáá˛á á áąáŁá á á¨ááá˝ ááľáĽ áŤáá á á¸á á áááľ á ááŤáááľ ááşá áááłáľ á˛áá¨áŁáá á¨áᨠááá˘
áá áá°áľ á á¸ááá áĽá á áľáĄááĄáá ááľááł (too smooth and round) áŤá°ááááá˘
á áááŁáł áłáááľ ááľáĽ áŽáááŞáľ á ááŤáŤ áĽáá˛áá á á¸áá áĽááľ á ááą á¨ááááá "áťáŤáŤ ááá á ááá" (angular) ááá á áá áľá˘ á¨á á¨áá á á¸á áá áĽááľ á ááą áľááááŁá á ᣠá áą á¨áá°áŤ á áá áĽááŤáŹ á ááá¨ááᢠá áá á ááááŤáľ ááłááááš á°áá á ááľ á áááá˝ áááŁáł á¨ááá á á¸á á¨á ááľáľáŤá፠áŁá á áłááťáá˝ ááááá˘
áłáᲠá á¨á˘áŤá á¨á á¸áá ááŞ
áłáᲠá á¨á˘áŤ "Vision 2030" á¨á°á°ááá ááá á¨áááľ áĽá áľ áááłáŤáľ áĽá á áĽá á áłá˛áľ á¨á°áá˝á (áĽáá° NEOM áŤá) áĽá¨áááŁá˝ ááᢠááá á á á¨áááą á ááś áááŽáá˝ á¨ááá á áśáá áá á¸á áᢠáłááŁáá˝á˘
áĽáá° áá¨ááá˝ áĽááᣠáłáᲠá á¨á˘áŤ áŁáááľ áááłáľ áĽáť ááááŁáł á¨ááá á á¸á áááľááŁáľ á¨120 áááŽá áśáá á áá á᪠á áľáááá˝á˘
áá á áá á ááŞáą áá° ááá á¨áááŁáł á˘ááąáľáľáŞ ááľáĽ á ááŁá˝ ááĽá áĽá¨á¨áᨠáĽáá°áááľ áá á ááá˘
á¨á°áŁá áŠáľ á á¨áĽ á¤ááŹáľáľ (UAE) áĽá á¨"á˘á˝" (Beach) áááŁáł
á¨á°áŁá áŠáľ á á¨áĽ á¤ááŹáľáľ á á°ááá áąáŁáᣠá á¸áá áá áá áĽáť áłááá á°á á°áŤá˝ á°á´áśá˝áá á¨áŁá á áłááťáá˝á (Beaches) áááĽáŤáľ áľá ááá áłáá˝á˘
á¨áĄáá áŤáá áááŁáłáŚ á ááá áá á¨á á á¨ááá áĄáá áŤáá á˛áááŁáŁ á á¸áá á¨ááŁá á¨á ááľáľáŤá፠áá áᢠá¨áąáŁá á á¸á áá ááá áĽááŤáŹ á áááá á°áĽá áľááłáá á¨áá°á áááἠááĽáśá áłáá˘
á°á á°áŤá˝ áŁá á áłááťáá˝áŚ áąáŁá á¨áąáŞáľáľ ááľá ἠá¨áááľá "Palm Jumeirah" á¨áá°á á°á á°áŤá˝ á°á´áśá˝á áľáľá°áŤáŁ á áááŽá á¨ááá á áśá á á¸á á¨áŁá á áľá á ááĽáłáá˝á˘ ááá áá áá á¸áá á¨áŁá á áłááťááż (luxury beaches) á¨ááá áášá á áá á á¸á á¨á ááľáľáŤá፠áłáľááŁáá˝á˘ ááááŤáąá á¨á áá ááľáĽ á á¸áá á áŁá á°áá á á á§áŤá áľááá ááąáŞáľáśá˝ ááš á áá°ááá˘
ááá á áá á¨á á¸á áááľ
á á¸á á¨áá ááĽá á ááá áá á á¨áá°á á°á¨á áĽá á áá á¨ááá á¨á°ááĽáŽ ááĽáľ ááᢠá á áá áá áľ á á áá á áá á°á¨á áĽáŤáľ áŤáá á¨á áá á á¸á áĽáĽá¨áľ áĽá¨áłá¨ ááᢠáá á áłáá˛á UAE á ááľ áá á¨á ááľáľáŤá፠áĽáá˛áá á áľááłá áááłáá˝á ááĽáŻáá˘
áá á¨ááŤáľá°áá¨á áľáá áááááᣠá¨á°ááĽáŽ ááĽáľ ááá áĽáťáá áá áĽáá°ááá ááᢠááĽáą ááá á°ááŁá áĽáá°ááá ááá á áĽáŤáąá ááá¨áľ áá˘áŽáá áĽáľááľ ááłá ááᢠáłáá˛á UAE á á¨á áĽáŤáá¸á á á¸á á¨ááááľáŁ ááĽáŤáľá áá°á áááľ á áľá፠áľááá°áĄ ááá˘
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đHow tensile stress is developed in reinforced concrete section?
đ§Tensile stress in a reinforced concrete (RC) section develops mainly due to bending and external loads.
âď¸Here is the clear step-by-step mechanism
đŤ1. Concrete behavior under load
âşConcrete is strong in compression but weak in tension. When loads act on an RC member (beam, slab, etc.), internal stresses are created.
đŤ2. Bending action causes tension
âşWhen a beam is subjected to bending (for example, a simply supported beam with load from above):
âşThe top fibers of the section shorten:- compression
âşThe bottom fibers elongate :-tension
đŤ3. Development of tensile stress in concrete
âşAs bending increases:
The bottom part of the concrete is stretched
âşTensile stress develops in that zone Concrete cannot resist high tension
đŤ4. Cracking of concrete
âşWhen tensile stress exceeds the tensile strength of concrete: Cracks form in the tension stops carrying tension effectively
đŤ5. Role of steel reinforcement
âşSteel bars are placed in the tension zone because:
Steel has high tensile strength
Steel and concrete bond together After cracking, steel carries almost all tensile stress
đŤ6. Final stress condition in RC section
âşConcrete:-carries compression
âşSteel reinforcements carries :- tension
âşBoth act together as a composite section
đSummary
@etconp
đ§Tensile stress in a reinforced concrete (RC) section develops mainly due to bending and external loads.
âď¸Here is the clear step-by-step mechanism
đŤ1. Concrete behavior under load
âşConcrete is strong in compression but weak in tension. When loads act on an RC member (beam, slab, etc.), internal stresses are created.
đŤ2. Bending action causes tension
âşWhen a beam is subjected to bending (for example, a simply supported beam with load from above):
âşThe top fibers of the section shorten:- compression
âşThe bottom fibers elongate :-tension
đŤ3. Development of tensile stress in concrete
âşAs bending increases:
The bottom part of the concrete is stretched
âşTensile stress develops in that zone Concrete cannot resist high tension
đŤ4. Cracking of concrete
âşWhen tensile stress exceeds the tensile strength of concrete: Cracks form in the tension stops carrying tension effectively
đŤ5. Role of steel reinforcement
âşSteel bars are placed in the tension zone because:
Steel has high tensile strength
Steel and concrete bond together After cracking, steel carries almost all tensile stress
đŤ6. Final stress condition in RC section
âşConcrete:-carries compression
âşSteel reinforcements carries :- tension
âşBoth act together as a composite section
đSummary
Tensile stress in reinforced concrete develops due to bending caused by external loads. The tension zone stretches, concrete cracks, and the steel reinforcement takes over the tensile forces.
@etconp
â¤8đ4đ1
đHow Vertical Force Create Diagonal Crack in Beam?
đŤVertical force (load) creates diagonal cracks in a reinforced concrete beam because it produces shear stress together with bending stress. The interaction of these stresses causes principal tensile stress that acts diagonally.
đˇHere is a clear step-by-step explanation:
âď¸1. Effect of Vertical Load on a Beam
âşWhen a vertical load acts on a beam: It creates bending moment and It also creates shear force, especially near the supports
âď¸2. Stress Distribution Inside the Beam
âşInside the beam section: Flexural (bending) stress causes Compression at the top Tension at the bottom
âşShear stress is maximum near the neutral axis Concrete is weak in tension, so cracks form where tensile stress is highest.
âď¸3. Combination of Stresses
đ°Principal Tensile Stress
âşAt any point in the beam:
Vertical shear stress (Ď)
Horizontal flexural tensile stress (Ď) These two stresses combine to form principal tensile stress, which acts at an inclined (diagonal) direction.
đš Concrete cracks perpendicular to the direction of maximum tensile stress
đš Therefore, cracks appear diagonally
âď¸4. Why Diagonal Cracks Start Near Supports
âşShear force is maximum near supports
âď¸Bending tension still exists
This combination causes diagonal tension cracks to start at the bottom of the beam near the support and move upward toward the load
âď¸5. Typical Crack Angle
âşDiagonal cracks usually form at 30°â45° to the beam axis This angle depends on:
âď¸Shear force magnitude
âď¸Beam depth
âď¸Material properties
âď¸6. Types of Shear-Related Diagonal Cracks
đFlexure-shear cracks
âşStart as vertical flexural cracks Turn diagonal as shear increases
đWeb-shear cracks
âşForm suddenly without prior flexural cracks Occur in deep beams or short spans
âď¸7. Role of Stirrups (Shear Reinforcement)
âşDiagonal cracks are controlled by stirrups
âď¸Stirrups: Carry shear force
âşPrevent sudden brittle shear failure
âşLimit crack width and propagation
@etconp
đŤVertical force (load) creates diagonal cracks in a reinforced concrete beam because it produces shear stress together with bending stress. The interaction of these stresses causes principal tensile stress that acts diagonally.
đˇHere is a clear step-by-step explanation:
âď¸1. Effect of Vertical Load on a Beam
âşWhen a vertical load acts on a beam: It creates bending moment and It also creates shear force, especially near the supports
âď¸2. Stress Distribution Inside the Beam
âşInside the beam section: Flexural (bending) stress causes Compression at the top Tension at the bottom
âşShear stress is maximum near the neutral axis Concrete is weak in tension, so cracks form where tensile stress is highest.
âď¸3. Combination of Stresses
đ°Principal Tensile Stress
âşAt any point in the beam:
Vertical shear stress (Ď)
Horizontal flexural tensile stress (Ď) These two stresses combine to form principal tensile stress, which acts at an inclined (diagonal) direction.
đš Concrete cracks perpendicular to the direction of maximum tensile stress
đš Therefore, cracks appear diagonally
âď¸4. Why Diagonal Cracks Start Near Supports
âşShear force is maximum near supports
âď¸Bending tension still exists
This combination causes diagonal tension cracks to start at the bottom of the beam near the support and move upward toward the load
âď¸5. Typical Crack Angle
âşDiagonal cracks usually form at 30°â45° to the beam axis This angle depends on:
âď¸Shear force magnitude
âď¸Beam depth
âď¸Material properties
âď¸6. Types of Shear-Related Diagonal Cracks
đFlexure-shear cracks
âşStart as vertical flexural cracks Turn diagonal as shear increases
đWeb-shear cracks
âşForm suddenly without prior flexural cracks Occur in deep beams or short spans
âď¸7. Role of Stirrups (Shear Reinforcement)
âşDiagonal cracks are controlled by stirrups
âď¸Stirrups: Carry shear force
âşPrevent sudden brittle shear failure
âşLimit crack width and propagation
@etconp
â¤12đ4đ2
á¨á ááŤáŞ(1).pdf
7.9 MB
đá¨áŽááľáŤáá°á ᣠá¨á ááŤáŞ áĽá á¨áŽááľáľáŤáá˝á áŁáááŤáá˝ ááľáááľ
https://t.me/ETCONpWORK
@etconp
https://t.me/ETCONpWORK
@etconp
â¤9đ1
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đ á áŚááľ (áĽááľ áááŁáľá áá á)
đ á¨á°ááŤáŠ [modefic] áľáŤáá˝á áĽáá°áŤááá˘
âŚď¸ áááááá áĽá¨áł áĽá¨áľ áĽáááááá˘
âď¸áľáá 0904040477 ááá 0911016833 á°ááá áŤááá
đąá´áááŤá áá áŚhttps://t.me/heavenic1
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â¤3đ1
đThe Main pre-requirements and safety issues for formwork in high-rise buildings
đ§1. Pre-requirements for Formwork (Before Installation)
âď¸A) Approved Design & Drawings
âşFormwork shop drawings approved by engineer
âşChecked for loads: fresh concrete, workers, equipment, wind Proper details for props, ties, bracing, and connections
âď¸B) Qualified Personnel
âşFormwork erection supervised by experienced engineer/foreman Workers trained in formwork handling and safety
âď¸C) Material Inspection
âşFormwork materials free from: Cracks, deformation, corrosion
âşDamaged plywood or bent steel props
âşAdequate load capacity for high-rise floors
âď¸D) Proper Planning
âşFormwork sequence and stripping time planned
âşConcrete strength gain verified before removal Crane lifting plan prepared
âď¸D) Stable Base
âşProps placed on solid ground or slabs Use of sole plates/base plates under vertical props
đ§2. Major Safety Issues in High-Rise Formwork
âď¸A) Risk of Collapse (Most Critical)
đŤCauses:
âşInsufficient bracing
âşEarly removal of props
âşOverloading with materials
đŤSafety Measures:
âşFollow design strictly
âşNo removal without engineer approval
âď¸B) Fall from Height
âşWorkers exposed at slab edges and columns
đŤSafety Measures:
âşGuardrails and edge protection
âşSafety harness with lifeline Proper access (ladders, stair towers)
âď¸C) Improper Shoring & Reshoring
âşLower floors may fail if reshoring is ignored
đŤSafety Measures:
âşContinuous reshoring transfer checked floor by floor
âď¸D) Lifting & Handling Hazards
âşCrane lifting of panels at height
đŤSafety Measures:
âşCertified lifting points Tag lines used
âşNo workers below suspended loads
âď¸E) Concrete Pouring Pressure
âşFresh concrete creates horizontal and vertical pressure
đŤSafety Measures:
âşControlled pouring rate
âşNo overfilling in one location
âşContinuous monitoring during pour
âď¸F) Weather Effects
âşWind load critical in high-rise buildings
âşSafety Measures: Extra bracing at height
âşStop work during strong wind or rain
đ§3. During Formwork Installation
âşCheck vertical alignment of props
âşEnsure tight connections and locking pins
âşKeep working platforms clean and non-slippery
âşAdequate lighting for night work
đ§4. Before Concrete Pour
đŤEngineer & safety officer inspection Confirm:
âşBracing complete Props tight
âşOpenings covered Permit to pour issued
đ§5. During Stripping
âşRemove only after required concrete strength achieved
Follow top-down or approved sequence
âşDo not remove load-carrying props early Barricade stripping zone
đ§6. Key Safety Checklist
â Approved formwork design
â Strong bracing & reshoring
â Fall protection system
â Safe lifting practice
â Proper supervision
â No early removal
â Regular inspection
@etconp
đ§1. Pre-requirements for Formwork (Before Installation)
âď¸A) Approved Design & Drawings
âşFormwork shop drawings approved by engineer
âşChecked for loads: fresh concrete, workers, equipment, wind Proper details for props, ties, bracing, and connections
âď¸B) Qualified Personnel
âşFormwork erection supervised by experienced engineer/foreman Workers trained in formwork handling and safety
âď¸C) Material Inspection
âşFormwork materials free from: Cracks, deformation, corrosion
âşDamaged plywood or bent steel props
âşAdequate load capacity for high-rise floors
âď¸D) Proper Planning
âşFormwork sequence and stripping time planned
âşConcrete strength gain verified before removal Crane lifting plan prepared
âď¸D) Stable Base
âşProps placed on solid ground or slabs Use of sole plates/base plates under vertical props
đ§2. Major Safety Issues in High-Rise Formwork
âď¸A) Risk of Collapse (Most Critical)
đŤCauses:
âşInsufficient bracing
âşEarly removal of props
âşOverloading with materials
đŤSafety Measures:
âşFollow design strictly
âşNo removal without engineer approval
âď¸B) Fall from Height
âşWorkers exposed at slab edges and columns
đŤSafety Measures:
âşGuardrails and edge protection
âşSafety harness with lifeline Proper access (ladders, stair towers)
âď¸C) Improper Shoring & Reshoring
âşLower floors may fail if reshoring is ignored
đŤSafety Measures:
âşContinuous reshoring transfer checked floor by floor
âď¸D) Lifting & Handling Hazards
âşCrane lifting of panels at height
đŤSafety Measures:
âşCertified lifting points Tag lines used
âşNo workers below suspended loads
âď¸E) Concrete Pouring Pressure
âşFresh concrete creates horizontal and vertical pressure
đŤSafety Measures:
âşControlled pouring rate
âşNo overfilling in one location
âşContinuous monitoring during pour
âď¸F) Weather Effects
âşWind load critical in high-rise buildings
âşSafety Measures: Extra bracing at height
âşStop work during strong wind or rain
đ§3. During Formwork Installation
âşCheck vertical alignment of props
âşEnsure tight connections and locking pins
âşKeep working platforms clean and non-slippery
âşAdequate lighting for night work
đ§4. Before Concrete Pour
đŤEngineer & safety officer inspection Confirm:
âşBracing complete Props tight
âşOpenings covered Permit to pour issued
đ§5. During Stripping
âşRemove only after required concrete strength achieved
Follow top-down or approved sequence
âşDo not remove load-carrying props early Barricade stripping zone
đ§6. Key Safety Checklist
â Approved formwork design
â Strong bracing & reshoring
â Fall protection system
â Safe lifting practice
â Proper supervision
â No early removal
â Regular inspection
@etconp
â¤10đĽ4
Forwarded from Ethiopian Construction Vacancy & Tender
đá¨áááŁáł áá á á°áâď¸
đáááŽá˘ĂˇáŹááŤ
đ§á ááŹá áĽááľ áááŽá˘ ááľáĽ á áááŁáł áá áŤá áŁá 16 ááá á ááť á°ááˇáá˘
đˇá¨ááłá ááááŤáľ áĽá á á°áá˝ áá á¨á°á¨á°á á á°á á áá°ááá áá˘
đŤá á ááŤá˝á áá á áááľ á á°á á˘áŤááĽá á¨áááŁáłá ááá á¨ááľá á˝áá áááá áááŁáąá á¨ááá¨áá á°áá áá áĄáľá ááá ááá?
@etconp
đáááŽá˘ĂˇáŹááŤ
đ§á ááŹá áĽááľ áááŽá˘ ááľáĽ á áááŁáł áá áŤá áŁá 16 ááá á ááť á°ááˇáá˘
đˇá¨ááłá ááááŤáľ áĽá á á°áá˝ áá á¨á°á¨á°á á á°á á áá°ááá áá˘
đŤá á ááŤá˝á áá á áááľ á á°á á˘áŤááĽá á¨áááŁáłá ááá á¨ááľá á˝áá áááá áááŁáąá á¨ááá¨áá á°áá áá áĄáľá ááá ááá?
@etconp
â¤4đą4đ1
đá¨áááŁáł áááľ áĽá á¨áááŁáł ááá
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âď¸á¨áááŁáł áááľ áááľ á ááľ á¨áááť áááŁáł áááŤááľ ááááá á áŤá áááťáá áááááŁáľ á¨ááŤáľá˝ááľ áááá ááľáááśá˝ áĽáá°á°áá á á¨á°áá (áááť) ášá á°á¨ááጠáááŁáł áĽáá˛áŤááľ áááľ ááľá áąá á¨áááá˝ ááľá¨á áááľ ááá˘
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đŤá¨ YouTube áťááá˝áđ
https://www.youtube.com/@EthiopianConstruction7
@etconp
đŤá á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á¨áááť á áá ááĽá 624/20001 áĽá á áááľá´áŽá˝ ááá á¤áľ á°áἠááĽá 243/2003 (á ááá˝ 2(8)) áá°á¨áľáŚ
âď¸á¨áááŁáł áááľ áááľ á ááľ á¨áááť áááŁáł áááŤááľ ááááá á áŤá áááťáá áááááŁáľ á¨ááŤáľá˝ááľ áááá ááľáááśá˝ áĽáá°á°áá á á¨á°áá (áááť) ášá á°á¨ááጠáááŁáł áĽáá˛áŤááľ áááľ ááľá áąá á¨áááá˝ ááľá¨á áááľ ááá˘
đ§ááá áááľ á°áá á á áá á ááá˝ 2(15) áĽá áĽáá°á°á áá°á á¨á ááľ áááť áá áᣠá áá˝áŁ áľááľ áĽá á áááľ á¨ááŤáłá áá áááťá á¨áá°áŤá áľá ááłááľ /ááĽá áľ/ áĽá á¨á áááŁáĽ áá´á á¨ááŤáłá ááľá ááá áá´á á˛áá á¨á ááá´áá¸áŤáᣠáľáľáŤáá¸áŤáᣠáłáá°áŞáŁ á¤áááľáŞáŤáᣠááŤááŤáᣠá¨áĽáłáľ áá¨áá¨á áĽá ááá˝ á áľááá áĽáŤáá˝á á¨ááŤáłá ááľá á¨ááŤáŤáľáľ áááľ ááá˘
đŤá¨ YouTube áťááá˝áđ
https://www.youtube.com/@EthiopianConstruction7
@etconp
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đ Top 10 Amazing Construction Structures
1ď¸âŁ Burj Khalifa â Dubai, UAE
âď¸Tallest building in the world
Height: 828 m
âď¸Advanced high-rise structural and wind-resistant design
2ď¸âŁ Great Wall of China
âď¸Longest man-made structure ever built
Over 21,000 km long
âď¸Built centuries ago with stone, brick, and earth
3ď¸âŁ Panama Canal â Panama
âď¸One of the greatest hydraulic engineering works
Connects Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
âď¸Uses lock system to lift ships
4ď¸âŁ Golden Gate Bridge â USA
âď¸Iconic suspension bridge
Designed to resist earthquakes and strong winds
5ď¸âŁ Millau Viaduct â France
âď¸Tallest bridge in the world
Height higher than Eiffel Tower
Cable-stayed bridge with elegant design
6ď¸âŁ Petronas Twin Towers â Malaysia
âď¸Tallest twin towers in the world Built with reinforced concrete
âď¸core Famous skybridge
7ď¸âŁ Three Gorges Dam â China
âď¸Largest hydroelectric power station
âď¸Massive concrete gravity dam
âď¸Controls floods and generates power
8ď¸âŁ Sydney Opera House â Australia
âď¸Unique shell-shaped roof structure
âď¸Complex precast concrete design
âď¸Architectural masterpiece
9ď¸âŁ Palm Jumeirah â Dubai, UAE
âď¸Artificial island built in sea
Massive land reclamation project
âď¸Visible from space
đ Channel Tunnel (Eurotunnel) â UK & France
âď¸Undersea railway tunnel
50 km long
âď¸Advanced tunneling and waterproofing technology
đď¸ Why These Structures Are Amazing
âşExtreme size and height
âşAdvanced structural & geotechnical engineering
âşInnovative construction methods
âşLong-term durability and safety
@etconp
đ Top 10 Amazing Construction Structures
1ď¸âŁ Burj Khalifa â Dubai, UAE
âď¸Tallest building in the world
Height: 828 m
âď¸Advanced high-rise structural and wind-resistant design
2ď¸âŁ Great Wall of China
âď¸Longest man-made structure ever built
Over 21,000 km long
âď¸Built centuries ago with stone, brick, and earth
3ď¸âŁ Panama Canal â Panama
âď¸One of the greatest hydraulic engineering works
Connects Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
âď¸Uses lock system to lift ships
4ď¸âŁ Golden Gate Bridge â USA
âď¸Iconic suspension bridge
Designed to resist earthquakes and strong winds
5ď¸âŁ Millau Viaduct â France
âď¸Tallest bridge in the world
Height higher than Eiffel Tower
Cable-stayed bridge with elegant design
6ď¸âŁ Petronas Twin Towers â Malaysia
âď¸Tallest twin towers in the world Built with reinforced concrete
âď¸core Famous skybridge
7ď¸âŁ Three Gorges Dam â China
âď¸Largest hydroelectric power station
âď¸Massive concrete gravity dam
âď¸Controls floods and generates power
8ď¸âŁ Sydney Opera House â Australia
âď¸Unique shell-shaped roof structure
âď¸Complex precast concrete design
âď¸Architectural masterpiece
9ď¸âŁ Palm Jumeirah â Dubai, UAE
âď¸Artificial island built in sea
Massive land reclamation project
âď¸Visible from space
đ Channel Tunnel (Eurotunnel) â UK & France
âď¸Undersea railway tunnel
50 km long
âď¸Advanced tunneling and waterproofing technology
đď¸ Why These Structures Are Amazing
âşExtreme size and height
âşAdvanced structural & geotechnical engineering
âşInnovative construction methods
âşLong-term durability and safety
@etconp
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