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🔥Real estate cannot be lost or stolen it's the safest investment.
(Franklin D. Roosevelt)
‼️7ሳይቶችን ስርተን አስረክበናል አሁን ደሞ ተራው የእርሶ ነው!
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🔥Real estate cannot be lost or stolen it's the safest investment.
(Franklin D. Roosevelt)
‼️7ሳይቶችን ስርተን አስረክበናል አሁን ደሞ ተራው የእርሶ ነው!
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ቴምር ሪል እስቴት
0924479891
🔥የት መኖር ይፈልጋሉ?
✍️ፒያሳ Lyce school
✍️ሳርቤት Vatican embassy
✍️ጋርመንት Africa CDC
✍️አያት Adiss village
✍️አዋሬ setoch square
🔥የት መነገድ ይፈልጋሉ?
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+251924479891
251924479891
WhatsApp https://wa.me/251924479891
Telgram=https://t.me/tizuaz
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● Concrete Admixtures
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🔹 Address 1: Signal road, around
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● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat
● Concrete Repair Mortar
● Floor hardener, Epoxy
● Grout, Self-level mortar
● Quartz paint, Contextra
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
● Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
☎️ Tel: 0961955555
🔹 Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital
🔹 Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza
❤1👍1
👉Type Of Irrigation Gate?
💫There are several types of irrigation gates used in water control systems to manage the flow of water for irrigation. Here are the main types:
📌1. Sluice Gates:
⏺These are adjustable gates typically used in irrigation systems to regulate water flow through canals, reservoirs, and rivers.
⏺They are operated by a handwheel or motor and can be raised or lowered to control the flow of water.
📌2. Radial Gates:
⏺These gates are often used in dams and large irrigation systems.
⏺They are designed to operate under high-pressure conditions and can be raised or lowered as needed. Radial gates are curved in shape and are highly effective for large-scale irrigation projects.
📌3. Slide Gates:
⏺Similar to sluice gates, these are typically used in smaller irrigation canals and ditches.
⏺They slide vertically or horizontally to control the water flow and are simpler in design compared to radial gates.
📌4. Stoplogs:
⏺Used primarily in smaller, low-pressure irrigation systems, stoplogs are large, flat panels that are inserted into a frame to block or allow the flow of water.
⏺They are typically used to isolate certain areas of a system for maintenance.
📌5. Tainter Gates:
⏺These are curved gates that operate by rotating on hinges. They are often used in dam outlets and larger irrigation projects where the gate needs to be able to open and close quickly and efficiently under pressure.
📌6. Flap Gates:
⏺Flap gates allow water to flow in one direction but prevent it from flowing backward.
⏺These are often used in drains or small irrigation systems where backflow needs to be prevented.
❇️Each type of gate has specific features and is chosen based on the requirements of the irrigation system, including the volume of water, the pressure, and the complexity of the canal system.
🏷Our New YouTube Channel is Here Please Subscribe👇
https://www.youtube.com/@EthiopianConstruction7
@etconp
💫There are several types of irrigation gates used in water control systems to manage the flow of water for irrigation. Here are the main types:
📌1. Sluice Gates:
⏺These are adjustable gates typically used in irrigation systems to regulate water flow through canals, reservoirs, and rivers.
⏺They are operated by a handwheel or motor and can be raised or lowered to control the flow of water.
📌2. Radial Gates:
⏺These gates are often used in dams and large irrigation systems.
⏺They are designed to operate under high-pressure conditions and can be raised or lowered as needed. Radial gates are curved in shape and are highly effective for large-scale irrigation projects.
📌3. Slide Gates:
⏺Similar to sluice gates, these are typically used in smaller irrigation canals and ditches.
⏺They slide vertically or horizontally to control the water flow and are simpler in design compared to radial gates.
📌4. Stoplogs:
⏺Used primarily in smaller, low-pressure irrigation systems, stoplogs are large, flat panels that are inserted into a frame to block or allow the flow of water.
⏺They are typically used to isolate certain areas of a system for maintenance.
📌5. Tainter Gates:
⏺These are curved gates that operate by rotating on hinges. They are often used in dam outlets and larger irrigation projects where the gate needs to be able to open and close quickly and efficiently under pressure.
📌6. Flap Gates:
⏺Flap gates allow water to flow in one direction but prevent it from flowing backward.
⏺These are often used in drains or small irrigation systems where backflow needs to be prevented.
❇️Each type of gate has specific features and is chosen based on the requirements of the irrigation system, including the volume of water, the pressure, and the complexity of the canal system.
🏷Our New YouTube Channel is Here Please Subscribe👇
https://www.youtube.com/@EthiopianConstruction7
@etconp
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👉Project management in building construction
🚧It is the organized process of planning, coordinating, and controlling all activities involved in constructing a building so the project is completed on time, within budget, and to the required quality and safety standards.
🏷Main purpose
⏺To ensure that people, materials, equipment, time, and money are used efficiently from the start of the project to its completion.
🚧Key aspects of construction project management
⭐️1. Planning
⏺Defining the project scope, construction methods, sequence of work, schedule, and resource needs before construction starts.
⭐️2. Cost management
⏺Estimating costs, preparing budgets, monitoring expenses, and controlling variations to avoid cost overruns.
⭐️3. Time (schedule) management
⏺Preparing work programs, setting milestones, and ensuring activities are completed according to the planned timeline.
⭐️4. Quality management
⏺Ensuring materials, workmanship, and construction methods meet drawings, specifications, and standards.
⭐️5. Safety management
⏺Identifying risks and implementing safety measures to protect workers, the public, and the structure.
⭐️6. Resource management
⏺Managing labor, materials, machinery, and subcontractors efficiently on site.
⭐️7. Communication & coordination
⏺Coordinating between the client, consultant, contractor, suppliers, and authorities to avoid delays and conflicts.
⭐️8. Risk management
⏺Identifying potential problems (delays, cost increases, technical issues) and planning actions to reduce their impact.
📜In simple words
⏺Project management in building construction is making sure the right work is done, by the right people, at the right time, for the right cost, and in the right way.
@etconp
🚧It is the organized process of planning, coordinating, and controlling all activities involved in constructing a building so the project is completed on time, within budget, and to the required quality and safety standards.
🏷Main purpose
⏺To ensure that people, materials, equipment, time, and money are used efficiently from the start of the project to its completion.
🚧Key aspects of construction project management
⭐️1. Planning
⏺Defining the project scope, construction methods, sequence of work, schedule, and resource needs before construction starts.
⭐️2. Cost management
⏺Estimating costs, preparing budgets, monitoring expenses, and controlling variations to avoid cost overruns.
⭐️3. Time (schedule) management
⏺Preparing work programs, setting milestones, and ensuring activities are completed according to the planned timeline.
⭐️4. Quality management
⏺Ensuring materials, workmanship, and construction methods meet drawings, specifications, and standards.
⭐️5. Safety management
⏺Identifying risks and implementing safety measures to protect workers, the public, and the structure.
⭐️6. Resource management
⏺Managing labor, materials, machinery, and subcontractors efficiently on site.
⭐️7. Communication & coordination
⏺Coordinating between the client, consultant, contractor, suppliers, and authorities to avoid delays and conflicts.
⭐️8. Risk management
⏺Identifying potential problems (delays, cost increases, technical issues) and planning actions to reduce their impact.
📜In simple words
⏺Project management in building construction is making sure the right work is done, by the right people, at the right time, for the right cost, and in the right way.
@etconp
❤15👍10
👉እነ ሳዑዲ ሰፊ በረሃ እያላቸው ለምን አሸዋ ይገዛሉ?
💫ሳውዲ አረቢያና የተባበሩት አረብ ኤምሬትስ (UAE) በዓለም ላይ በበረሃማነታቸውና በአሸዋ ክምችታቸው የሚታወቁ አገራት ናቸው።
ሆኖም የሚገርመው እውነታ፣ እነዚህ አገራት በየዓመቱ በሚሊዮን የሚቆጠር ዶላር አውጥተው አሸዋ ከአውስትራሊያና ከሌሎች አገራት ያስመጣሉ።
ይህ ለብዙዎቻችን ግራ የሚያጋባ ቢመስልም፣ ከጀርባው ግን ትልቅ ሳይንሳዊና ኢኮኖሚያዊ ምክንያት አለው።
"የበረሃ አሸዋ" ለምን ለህንፃ አይሆንም?
በሳውዲና በዱባይ በረሃዎች ውስጥ ያለው አሸዋ በንፋስ አማካኝነት ለሺህ ዓመታት ሲንከባለል የኖረ ነው።
ይህ ሂደት አሸዋውን እጅግ ድቡልቡልና ለስላሳ (too smooth and round) ያደርገዋል።
በግንባታ ሳይንስ ውስጥ ኮንክሪት ጠንካራ እንዲሆን አሸዋው እርስ በርሱ የሚቆላለፍ "ሻካራ ወይም ጠርዛማ" (angular) መሆን አለበት። የበረሃው አሸዋ ግን እርስ በርሱ ስለማይጣበቅ፣ በሱ የሚሰራ ህንፃ ጥንካሬ አይኖረውም። በዚህም ምክንያት ለታላላቆቹ ሰማይ ጠቀስ ህንፃዎች ግንባታ የሚሆን አሸዋ ከአውስትራሊያ ባህር ዳርቻዎች ይገዛል።
ሳውዲ አረቢያና የአሸዋው ወጪ
ሳውዲ አረቢያ "Vision 2030" የተሰኘውን ግዙፍ የልማት እቅድ ለማሳካት እጅግ ብዙ አዳዲስ ከተሞችን (እንደ NEOM ያሉ) እየገነባች ነው። ለዚህም በየዓመቱ በመቶ ሚሊዮኖች የሚቆጠር ዶላር ለአሸዋ ግዢ ታወጣለች።
እንደ መረጃዎች ጥቆማ፣ ሳውዲ አረቢያ ባለፉት ዓመታት ብቻ ለግንባታ የሚሆን አሸዋ ለማስመጣት ከ120 ሚሊዮን ዶላር በላይ ወጪ አድርጋለች።
ይህ አሃዝ አገሪቱ ወደ ግዙፍ የግንባታ ኢንዱስትሪ ውስጥ በገባች ቁጥር እየጨመረ እንደሚሄድ ይጠበቃል።
የተባበሩት አረብ ኤምሬትስ (UAE) እና የ"ቢች" (Beach) ግንባታ
የተባበሩት አረብ ኤምሬትስ በተለይም ዱባይ፣ አሸዋን ለህንፃ ብቻ ሳይሆን ሰው ሰራሽ ደሴቶችንና የባህር ዳርቻዎችን (Beaches) ለመሥራት ትጠቀምበታለች።
የቡርጅ ካሊፋ ግንባታ፦ በዓለም ላይ ረጅሙ የሆነው ቡርጅ ካሊፋ ሲገነባ፣ አሸዋው የመጣው ከአውስትራሊያ ነበር። የዱባይ አሸዋ ለህንፃው ጥንካሬ አይሆንም ተብሎ ስለታመነ ከፍተኛ ገንዘብ ወጥቶበታል።
ሰው ሰራሽ ባህር ዳርቻዎች፦ ዱባይ የቱሪስት መስህብ የሆኑትን "Palm Jumeirah" የመሰሉ ሰው ሰራሽ ደሴቶችን ስትሰራ፣ በሚሊዮን የሚቆጠር ቶን አሸዋ ከባህር ስር አውጥታለች። ነገር ግን ለአሸዋማ የባህር ዳርቻዎቿ (luxury beaches) የሚሆን ንጹህና ነጭ አሸዋ ከአውስትራሊያ ታስመጣለች። ምክንያቱም የአገር ውስጥ አሸዋው በጣም ደቃቅና አቧራማ ስለሆነ ለቱሪስቶች ምቹ አይደለም።
ዓለም አቀፉ የአሸዋ ቀውስ
አሸዋ ከውኃ ቀጥሎ በዓለም ላይ በከፍተኛ ደረጃ ጥቅም ላይ የሚውል የተፈጥሮ ሀብት ነው። በአሁኑ ወቅት በአለም አቀፍ ደረጃ ጥራት ያለው የህንፃ አሸዋ እጥረት እየታየ ነው። ይህም ሳውዲና UAE በውድ ዋጋ ከአውስትራሊያ እንዲገዙ አስገዳጅ ሁኔታዎችን ፈጥሯል።
ይህ የሚያስተምረን ትልቁ ቁምነገር፣ የተፈጥሮ ሀብት መኖር ብቻውን ዋጋ እንደሌለው ነው። ሀብቱ ለምን ተግባር እንደሚውል ማወቅና ጥራቱን መለየት ለኢኮኖሚ እድገት ወሳኝ ነው። ሳውዲና UAE በረሃ እያላቸው አሸዋ የሚገዙት፣ ለጥራትና ለደህንነት ቅድሚያ ስለሚሰጡ ነው።
⭐️አዲሱ የ YouTube ቻናላችን ተቀላቅለዋል?👇
https://www.youtube.com/@EthiopianConstruction7
@etconp
💫ሳውዲ አረቢያና የተባበሩት አረብ ኤምሬትስ (UAE) በዓለም ላይ በበረሃማነታቸውና በአሸዋ ክምችታቸው የሚታወቁ አገራት ናቸው።
ሆኖም የሚገርመው እውነታ፣ እነዚህ አገራት በየዓመቱ በሚሊዮን የሚቆጠር ዶላር አውጥተው አሸዋ ከአውስትራሊያና ከሌሎች አገራት ያስመጣሉ።
ይህ ለብዙዎቻችን ግራ የሚያጋባ ቢመስልም፣ ከጀርባው ግን ትልቅ ሳይንሳዊና ኢኮኖሚያዊ ምክንያት አለው።
"የበረሃ አሸዋ" ለምን ለህንፃ አይሆንም?
በሳውዲና በዱባይ በረሃዎች ውስጥ ያለው አሸዋ በንፋስ አማካኝነት ለሺህ ዓመታት ሲንከባለል የኖረ ነው።
ይህ ሂደት አሸዋውን እጅግ ድቡልቡልና ለስላሳ (too smooth and round) ያደርገዋል።
በግንባታ ሳይንስ ውስጥ ኮንክሪት ጠንካራ እንዲሆን አሸዋው እርስ በርሱ የሚቆላለፍ "ሻካራ ወይም ጠርዛማ" (angular) መሆን አለበት። የበረሃው አሸዋ ግን እርስ በርሱ ስለማይጣበቅ፣ በሱ የሚሰራ ህንፃ ጥንካሬ አይኖረውም። በዚህም ምክንያት ለታላላቆቹ ሰማይ ጠቀስ ህንፃዎች ግንባታ የሚሆን አሸዋ ከአውስትራሊያ ባህር ዳርቻዎች ይገዛል።
ሳውዲ አረቢያና የአሸዋው ወጪ
ሳውዲ አረቢያ "Vision 2030" የተሰኘውን ግዙፍ የልማት እቅድ ለማሳካት እጅግ ብዙ አዳዲስ ከተሞችን (እንደ NEOM ያሉ) እየገነባች ነው። ለዚህም በየዓመቱ በመቶ ሚሊዮኖች የሚቆጠር ዶላር ለአሸዋ ግዢ ታወጣለች።
እንደ መረጃዎች ጥቆማ፣ ሳውዲ አረቢያ ባለፉት ዓመታት ብቻ ለግንባታ የሚሆን አሸዋ ለማስመጣት ከ120 ሚሊዮን ዶላር በላይ ወጪ አድርጋለች።
ይህ አሃዝ አገሪቱ ወደ ግዙፍ የግንባታ ኢንዱስትሪ ውስጥ በገባች ቁጥር እየጨመረ እንደሚሄድ ይጠበቃል።
የተባበሩት አረብ ኤምሬትስ (UAE) እና የ"ቢች" (Beach) ግንባታ
የተባበሩት አረብ ኤምሬትስ በተለይም ዱባይ፣ አሸዋን ለህንፃ ብቻ ሳይሆን ሰው ሰራሽ ደሴቶችንና የባህር ዳርቻዎችን (Beaches) ለመሥራት ትጠቀምበታለች።
የቡርጅ ካሊፋ ግንባታ፦ በዓለም ላይ ረጅሙ የሆነው ቡርጅ ካሊፋ ሲገነባ፣ አሸዋው የመጣው ከአውስትራሊያ ነበር። የዱባይ አሸዋ ለህንፃው ጥንካሬ አይሆንም ተብሎ ስለታመነ ከፍተኛ ገንዘብ ወጥቶበታል።
ሰው ሰራሽ ባህር ዳርቻዎች፦ ዱባይ የቱሪስት መስህብ የሆኑትን "Palm Jumeirah" የመሰሉ ሰው ሰራሽ ደሴቶችን ስትሰራ፣ በሚሊዮን የሚቆጠር ቶን አሸዋ ከባህር ስር አውጥታለች። ነገር ግን ለአሸዋማ የባህር ዳርቻዎቿ (luxury beaches) የሚሆን ንጹህና ነጭ አሸዋ ከአውስትራሊያ ታስመጣለች። ምክንያቱም የአገር ውስጥ አሸዋው በጣም ደቃቅና አቧራማ ስለሆነ ለቱሪስቶች ምቹ አይደለም።
ዓለም አቀፉ የአሸዋ ቀውስ
አሸዋ ከውኃ ቀጥሎ በዓለም ላይ በከፍተኛ ደረጃ ጥቅም ላይ የሚውል የተፈጥሮ ሀብት ነው። በአሁኑ ወቅት በአለም አቀፍ ደረጃ ጥራት ያለው የህንፃ አሸዋ እጥረት እየታየ ነው። ይህም ሳውዲና UAE በውድ ዋጋ ከአውስትራሊያ እንዲገዙ አስገዳጅ ሁኔታዎችን ፈጥሯል።
ይህ የሚያስተምረን ትልቁ ቁምነገር፣ የተፈጥሮ ሀብት መኖር ብቻውን ዋጋ እንደሌለው ነው። ሀብቱ ለምን ተግባር እንደሚውል ማወቅና ጥራቱን መለየት ለኢኮኖሚ እድገት ወሳኝ ነው። ሳውዲና UAE በረሃ እያላቸው አሸዋ የሚገዙት፣ ለጥራትና ለደህንነት ቅድሚያ ስለሚሰጡ ነው።
⭐️አዲሱ የ YouTube ቻናላችን ተቀላቅለዋል?👇
https://www.youtube.com/@EthiopianConstruction7
@etconp
❤26👍7👏2
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Ab Con General Waterproofing Works
የውሃ አቅርቦትዎን በከፍተኛ ደረጃ ለመጨመር በፋይበርግላስ የውሃ ማጠራቀሚያ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ ስርዓታት ይጠቀሙ !!!
◇ በፋይበርግላስ የተሰራ የውሃ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ በጉድጓድ ዉስጥ ከሚመጣ የሽንት ቤት ፍሳሾች ሙሉ ለሙሉ የተከለለ ስለሚሆን ለዉሀ ብክለት አስተማማኝ ነዉ ።
◇በፋይበርግላስ የተሰራ የውሃ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ መበስበስ እና መሰነጣጠቅ የሚባል ነገር ፈፅሞ አይታሰብም።
◇በፋይበርግላስ የተሰራ የውሃ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ ለማፅዳት በቀላሉ የሚመች ሲሆን ፣ በዉሀ ዉስጥ በፍጥነት ለሚራባዉ አልጌ ደግሞ ፈፅሞ የማይመች ነዉ ።
◇በፋይበርግላስ የተሰራ የውሃ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ ከመሬት በታች በጉድጎድ ዉስጥ ስለሚሰራ ቦታ ቆጣቢ ነዉ።
◇ለመዋኛ ገንዳ
◇ ለመኖሪያ ቤቶች ፣፤ሪል እስቴቶች ፤ድርጅቶች ፤ሆስፒታሎች፥ ሆቴሎች ፥ ኤምባሲዎች፥የእርሻ ቦታዎች ፥ኢንዱስትሪ ፓርኮች ወዘተ የኛ ተጠቃሚዎች ናቸዉ።
🤳0913967277
0968966602
Ab Con General Waterproofing Works
የውሃ አቅርቦትዎን በከፍተኛ ደረጃ ለመጨመር በፋይበርግላስ የውሃ ማጠራቀሚያ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ ስርዓታት ይጠቀሙ !!!
◇ በፋይበርግላስ የተሰራ የውሃ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ በጉድጓድ ዉስጥ ከሚመጣ የሽንት ቤት ፍሳሾች ሙሉ ለሙሉ የተከለለ ስለሚሆን ለዉሀ ብክለት አስተማማኝ ነዉ ።
◇በፋይበርግላስ የተሰራ የውሃ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ መበስበስ እና መሰነጣጠቅ የሚባል ነገር ፈፅሞ አይታሰብም።
◇በፋይበርግላስ የተሰራ የውሃ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ ለማፅዳት በቀላሉ የሚመች ሲሆን ፣ በዉሀ ዉስጥ በፍጥነት ለሚራባዉ አልጌ ደግሞ ፈፅሞ የማይመች ነዉ ።
◇በፋይበርግላስ የተሰራ የውሃ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ ከመሬት በታች በጉድጎድ ዉስጥ ስለሚሰራ ቦታ ቆጣቢ ነዉ።
◇ለመዋኛ ገንዳ
◇ ለመኖሪያ ቤቶች ፣፤ሪል እስቴቶች ፤ድርጅቶች ፤ሆስፒታሎች፥ ሆቴሎች ፥ ኤምባሲዎች፥የእርሻ ቦታዎች ፥ኢንዱስትሪ ፓርኮች ወዘተ የኛ ተጠቃሚዎች ናቸዉ።
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0968966602
❤2👍2
👉How tensile stress is developed in reinforced concrete section?
🚧Tensile stress in a reinforced concrete (RC) section develops mainly due to bending and external loads.
⭐️Here is the clear step-by-step mechanism
💫1. Concrete behavior under load
⏺Concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension. When loads act on an RC member (beam, slab, etc.), internal stresses are created.
💫2. Bending action causes tension
⏺When a beam is subjected to bending (for example, a simply supported beam with load from above):
⏺The top fibers of the section shorten:- compression
⏺The bottom fibers elongate :-tension
💫3. Development of tensile stress in concrete
⏺As bending increases:
The bottom part of the concrete is stretched
⏺Tensile stress develops in that zone Concrete cannot resist high tension
💫4. Cracking of concrete
⏺When tensile stress exceeds the tensile strength of concrete: Cracks form in the tension stops carrying tension effectively
💫5. Role of steel reinforcement
⏺Steel bars are placed in the tension zone because:
Steel has high tensile strength
Steel and concrete bond together After cracking, steel carries almost all tensile stress
💫6. Final stress condition in RC section
⏺Concrete:-carries compression
⏺Steel reinforcements carries :- tension
⏺Both act together as a composite section
📜Summary
@etconp
🚧Tensile stress in a reinforced concrete (RC) section develops mainly due to bending and external loads.
⭐️Here is the clear step-by-step mechanism
💫1. Concrete behavior under load
⏺Concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension. When loads act on an RC member (beam, slab, etc.), internal stresses are created.
💫2. Bending action causes tension
⏺When a beam is subjected to bending (for example, a simply supported beam with load from above):
⏺The top fibers of the section shorten:- compression
⏺The bottom fibers elongate :-tension
💫3. Development of tensile stress in concrete
⏺As bending increases:
The bottom part of the concrete is stretched
⏺Tensile stress develops in that zone Concrete cannot resist high tension
💫4. Cracking of concrete
⏺When tensile stress exceeds the tensile strength of concrete: Cracks form in the tension stops carrying tension effectively
💫5. Role of steel reinforcement
⏺Steel bars are placed in the tension zone because:
Steel has high tensile strength
Steel and concrete bond together After cracking, steel carries almost all tensile stress
💫6. Final stress condition in RC section
⏺Concrete:-carries compression
⏺Steel reinforcements carries :- tension
⏺Both act together as a composite section
📜Summary
Tensile stress in reinforced concrete develops due to bending caused by external loads. The tension zone stretches, concrete cracks, and the steel reinforcement takes over the tensile forces.
@etconp
❤8🙏4👍1
👉How Vertical Force Create Diagonal Crack in Beam?
💫Vertical force (load) creates diagonal cracks in a reinforced concrete beam because it produces shear stress together with bending stress. The interaction of these stresses causes principal tensile stress that acts diagonally.
🏷Here is a clear step-by-step explanation:
⭐️1. Effect of Vertical Load on a Beam
⏺When a vertical load acts on a beam: It creates bending moment and It also creates shear force, especially near the supports
⭐️2. Stress Distribution Inside the Beam
⏺Inside the beam section: Flexural (bending) stress causes Compression at the top Tension at the bottom
⏺Shear stress is maximum near the neutral axis Concrete is weak in tension, so cracks form where tensile stress is highest.
⭐️3. Combination of Stresses
🔰Principal Tensile Stress
⏺At any point in the beam:
Vertical shear stress (τ)
Horizontal flexural tensile stress (σ) These two stresses combine to form principal tensile stress, which acts at an inclined (diagonal) direction.
🔹 Concrete cracks perpendicular to the direction of maximum tensile stress
🔹 Therefore, cracks appear diagonally
⭐️4. Why Diagonal Cracks Start Near Supports
⏺Shear force is maximum near supports
❇️Bending tension still exists
This combination causes diagonal tension cracks to start at the bottom of the beam near the support and move upward toward the load
⭐️5. Typical Crack Angle
⏺Diagonal cracks usually form at 30°–45° to the beam axis This angle depends on:
❇️Shear force magnitude
❇️Beam depth
❇️Material properties
⭐️6. Types of Shear-Related Diagonal Cracks
📍Flexure-shear cracks
⏺Start as vertical flexural cracks Turn diagonal as shear increases
📍Web-shear cracks
⏺Form suddenly without prior flexural cracks Occur in deep beams or short spans
⭐️7. Role of Stirrups (Shear Reinforcement)
⏺Diagonal cracks are controlled by stirrups
❇️Stirrups: Carry shear force
⏺Prevent sudden brittle shear failure
⏺Limit crack width and propagation
@etconp
💫Vertical force (load) creates diagonal cracks in a reinforced concrete beam because it produces shear stress together with bending stress. The interaction of these stresses causes principal tensile stress that acts diagonally.
🏷Here is a clear step-by-step explanation:
⭐️1. Effect of Vertical Load on a Beam
⏺When a vertical load acts on a beam: It creates bending moment and It also creates shear force, especially near the supports
⭐️2. Stress Distribution Inside the Beam
⏺Inside the beam section: Flexural (bending) stress causes Compression at the top Tension at the bottom
⏺Shear stress is maximum near the neutral axis Concrete is weak in tension, so cracks form where tensile stress is highest.
⭐️3. Combination of Stresses
🔰Principal Tensile Stress
⏺At any point in the beam:
Vertical shear stress (τ)
Horizontal flexural tensile stress (σ) These two stresses combine to form principal tensile stress, which acts at an inclined (diagonal) direction.
🔹 Concrete cracks perpendicular to the direction of maximum tensile stress
🔹 Therefore, cracks appear diagonally
⭐️4. Why Diagonal Cracks Start Near Supports
⏺Shear force is maximum near supports
❇️Bending tension still exists
This combination causes diagonal tension cracks to start at the bottom of the beam near the support and move upward toward the load
⭐️5. Typical Crack Angle
⏺Diagonal cracks usually form at 30°–45° to the beam axis This angle depends on:
❇️Shear force magnitude
❇️Beam depth
❇️Material properties
⭐️6. Types of Shear-Related Diagonal Cracks
📍Flexure-shear cracks
⏺Start as vertical flexural cracks Turn diagonal as shear increases
📍Web-shear cracks
⏺Form suddenly without prior flexural cracks Occur in deep beams or short spans
⭐️7. Role of Stirrups (Shear Reinforcement)
⏺Diagonal cracks are controlled by stirrups
❇️Stirrups: Carry shear force
⏺Prevent sudden brittle shear failure
⏺Limit crack width and propagation
@etconp
❤12👏4👍2
የአማካሪ(1).pdf
7.9 MB
❤9🙏1
‼️ሀይሌጋርመንት African CDC ፊት ለፊት ምን አለ???!
✍️09-24-47-98-91
#ቴምርሪልስቴት
📍ሀይሌጋርመንት African CDC ፊት ለፊት
#ሙሉ ለሚከፍል
👉3 መኝታ 139ካሬ 10,216,500ብር ሙሉ ክፍያ
#ቀስ ብሎ መክፈል ለሚፈልግ
👉 ባለ 3መኝታ (139ካሬ)
ሙሉ ክፍያ = 14,595,000ብር
ቅድመ ክፍያ = 10% (1,459,500ብር )
* ቀሪውን 90% እስከ 9ዙር፤ ያለምንም ወለድና የግንባታ እቃዎች ጭማሪ፤ በኢትዮጵያ ብር ከፍለው የሚጨርሱት
* 40% እና ከዚያ በላይ ለሚከፍሉ፣20%_30%ቅናሽ አዘጋጅተናል
ይደውሉልን!
+251924479891
✍️09-24-47-98-91
#ቴምርሪልስቴት
📍ሀይሌጋርመንት African CDC ፊት ለፊት
#ሙሉ ለሚከፍል
👉3 መኝታ 139ካሬ 10,216,500ብር ሙሉ ክፍያ
#ቀስ ብሎ መክፈል ለሚፈልግ
👉 ባለ 3መኝታ (139ካሬ)
ሙሉ ክፍያ = 14,595,000ብር
ቅድመ ክፍያ = 10% (1,459,500ብር )
* ቀሪውን 90% እስከ 9ዙር፤ ያለምንም ወለድና የግንባታ እቃዎች ጭማሪ፤ በኢትዮጵያ ብር ከፍለው የሚጨርሱት
* 40% እና ከዚያ በላይ ለሚከፍሉ፣20%_30%ቅናሽ አዘጋጅተናል
ይደውሉልን!
+251924479891
❤5
ታምራት ፕሌት እና ጄ ቦልት አቅራቢ
✅የምንሰጣቸው አገልግሎቶች
🔅 ፕሌት any Size & thickness
🔅 ጄ ቦልት (ጥርስ ማዉጣትና ማጠፍ)
🔅 የተለያዩ [modefic] ስራዎችን እንሰራለን።
♦️ ማንኛዉንም ብረታ ብረት እንገዛለን።
☎️ስልክ 0904040477 ወይም 0911016833 ደውለው ያግኙን
📱ቴሌግራም ላይ ፦https://t.me/heavenic1
አድራሻ፦ ቁ 1.መርካቶ
ቁ.2 አየር ጤና ኪዳነ ምህረት
ቁ.3 ቄራ
ጥራትና ታማኝነት መለያችን ነው።
ታምራት ፕሌት እና ጄ ቦልት አቅራቢ
✅የምንሰጣቸው አገልግሎቶች
🔅 ፕሌት any Size & thickness
🔅 ጄ ቦልት (ጥርስ ማዉጣትና ማጠፍ)
🔅 የተለያዩ [modefic] ስራዎችን እንሰራለን።
♦️ ማንኛዉንም ብረታ ብረት እንገዛለን።
☎️ስልክ 0904040477 ወይም 0911016833 ደውለው ያግኙን
📱ቴሌግራም ላይ ፦https://t.me/heavenic1
አድራሻ፦ ቁ 1.መርካቶ
ቁ.2 አየር ጤና ኪዳነ ምህረት
ቁ.3 ቄራ
ጥራትና ታማኝነት መለያችን ነው።
ታምራት ፕሌት እና ጄ ቦልት አቅራቢ
❤3🎉1
👉The Main pre-requirements and safety issues for formwork in high-rise buildings
🚧1. Pre-requirements for Formwork (Before Installation)
❇️A) Approved Design & Drawings
⏺Formwork shop drawings approved by engineer
⏺Checked for loads: fresh concrete, workers, equipment, wind Proper details for props, ties, bracing, and connections
❇️B) Qualified Personnel
⏺Formwork erection supervised by experienced engineer/foreman Workers trained in formwork handling and safety
❇️C) Material Inspection
⏺Formwork materials free from: Cracks, deformation, corrosion
⏺Damaged plywood or bent steel props
⏺Adequate load capacity for high-rise floors
❇️D) Proper Planning
⏺Formwork sequence and stripping time planned
⏺Concrete strength gain verified before removal Crane lifting plan prepared
❇️D) Stable Base
⏺Props placed on solid ground or slabs Use of sole plates/base plates under vertical props
🚧2. Major Safety Issues in High-Rise Formwork
❇️A) Risk of Collapse (Most Critical)
💫Causes:
⏺Insufficient bracing
⏺Early removal of props
⏺Overloading with materials
💫Safety Measures:
⏺Follow design strictly
⏺No removal without engineer approval
❇️B) Fall from Height
⏺Workers exposed at slab edges and columns
💫Safety Measures:
⏺Guardrails and edge protection
⏺Safety harness with lifeline Proper access (ladders, stair towers)
❇️C) Improper Shoring & Reshoring
⏺Lower floors may fail if reshoring is ignored
💫Safety Measures:
⏺Continuous reshoring transfer checked floor by floor
❇️D) Lifting & Handling Hazards
⏺Crane lifting of panels at height
💫Safety Measures:
⏺Certified lifting points Tag lines used
⏺No workers below suspended loads
❇️E) Concrete Pouring Pressure
⏺Fresh concrete creates horizontal and vertical pressure
💫Safety Measures:
⏺Controlled pouring rate
⏺No overfilling in one location
⏺Continuous monitoring during pour
❇️F) Weather Effects
⏺Wind load critical in high-rise buildings
⏺Safety Measures: Extra bracing at height
⏺Stop work during strong wind or rain
🚧3. During Formwork Installation
⏺Check vertical alignment of props
⏺Ensure tight connections and locking pins
⏺Keep working platforms clean and non-slippery
⏺Adequate lighting for night work
🚧4. Before Concrete Pour
💫Engineer & safety officer inspection Confirm:
⏺Bracing complete Props tight
⏺Openings covered Permit to pour issued
🚧5. During Stripping
⏺Remove only after required concrete strength achieved
Follow top-down or approved sequence
⏺Do not remove load-carrying props early Barricade stripping zone
🚧6. Key Safety Checklist
✔ Approved formwork design
✔ Strong bracing & reshoring
✔ Fall protection system
✔ Safe lifting practice
✔ Proper supervision
✔ No early removal
✔ Regular inspection
@etconp
🚧1. Pre-requirements for Formwork (Before Installation)
❇️A) Approved Design & Drawings
⏺Formwork shop drawings approved by engineer
⏺Checked for loads: fresh concrete, workers, equipment, wind Proper details for props, ties, bracing, and connections
❇️B) Qualified Personnel
⏺Formwork erection supervised by experienced engineer/foreman Workers trained in formwork handling and safety
❇️C) Material Inspection
⏺Formwork materials free from: Cracks, deformation, corrosion
⏺Damaged plywood or bent steel props
⏺Adequate load capacity for high-rise floors
❇️D) Proper Planning
⏺Formwork sequence and stripping time planned
⏺Concrete strength gain verified before removal Crane lifting plan prepared
❇️D) Stable Base
⏺Props placed on solid ground or slabs Use of sole plates/base plates under vertical props
🚧2. Major Safety Issues in High-Rise Formwork
❇️A) Risk of Collapse (Most Critical)
💫Causes:
⏺Insufficient bracing
⏺Early removal of props
⏺Overloading with materials
💫Safety Measures:
⏺Follow design strictly
⏺No removal without engineer approval
❇️B) Fall from Height
⏺Workers exposed at slab edges and columns
💫Safety Measures:
⏺Guardrails and edge protection
⏺Safety harness with lifeline Proper access (ladders, stair towers)
❇️C) Improper Shoring & Reshoring
⏺Lower floors may fail if reshoring is ignored
💫Safety Measures:
⏺Continuous reshoring transfer checked floor by floor
❇️D) Lifting & Handling Hazards
⏺Crane lifting of panels at height
💫Safety Measures:
⏺Certified lifting points Tag lines used
⏺No workers below suspended loads
❇️E) Concrete Pouring Pressure
⏺Fresh concrete creates horizontal and vertical pressure
💫Safety Measures:
⏺Controlled pouring rate
⏺No overfilling in one location
⏺Continuous monitoring during pour
❇️F) Weather Effects
⏺Wind load critical in high-rise buildings
⏺Safety Measures: Extra bracing at height
⏺Stop work during strong wind or rain
🚧3. During Formwork Installation
⏺Check vertical alignment of props
⏺Ensure tight connections and locking pins
⏺Keep working platforms clean and non-slippery
⏺Adequate lighting for night work
🚧4. Before Concrete Pour
💫Engineer & safety officer inspection Confirm:
⏺Bracing complete Props tight
⏺Openings covered Permit to pour issued
🚧5. During Stripping
⏺Remove only after required concrete strength achieved
Follow top-down or approved sequence
⏺Do not remove load-carrying props early Barricade stripping zone
🚧6. Key Safety Checklist
✔ Approved formwork design
✔ Strong bracing & reshoring
✔ Fall protection system
✔ Safe lifting practice
✔ Proper supervision
✔ No early removal
✔ Regular inspection
@etconp
❤10🔥4
Forwarded from Ethiopian Construction Vacancy & Tender
👉የግንባታ ላይ አደጋ❗️
📍ናይሮቢ÷ኬንያ
🚧በዛሬው እለት ናይሮቢ ውስጥ በግንባታ ላይ ያለ ባለ 16 ወለል ህንጻ ተንዷል።
🏷የናዳው ምክንያት እና በሰዎች ላይ የደረሰው አደጋ አልተዘገበም።
💫በአገራችን ይህ አይነት አደጋ ቢያጋጥም የግንባታው ይሁን የንድፉ ችግር ይሄንን ማምጣቱን የሚመረምር ተቋም ሆነ ቡድን ይኖር ይሆን?
@etconp
📍ናይሮቢ÷ኬንያ
🚧በዛሬው እለት ናይሮቢ ውስጥ በግንባታ ላይ ያለ ባለ 16 ወለል ህንጻ ተንዷል።
🏷የናዳው ምክንያት እና በሰዎች ላይ የደረሰው አደጋ አልተዘገበም።
💫በአገራችን ይህ አይነት አደጋ ቢያጋጥም የግንባታው ይሁን የንድፉ ችግር ይሄንን ማምጣቱን የሚመረምር ተቋም ሆነ ቡድን ይኖር ይሆን?
@etconp
❤4😱4😭1
👉የግንባታ ፍቃድ እና የግንባታ ፕላን
💫በኢትዮጵያ የሕንጻ አዋጅ ቁጥር 624/20001 እና በሚኒስቴሮች ምክር ቤት ደንብ ቁጥር 243/2003 (አንቀጽ 2(8)) መሰረት፦
⭐️የግንባታ ፍቃድ ማለት አንድ የሕንጻ ግንባታ ለማካሄድ ለሚፈልግ አካል ሕንጻውን ለመገንባት የሚያስችሉት ዝርዝር መስፈርቶች እንደተሟሉ በከተማው (ሕንጻ) ሹም ተረጋግጦ ግንባታ እንዲካሄድ ፍቃድ መስጠቱን የሚገልጽ ማስረጃ ማለት ነው።
🚧ፕላን ማለት ደግሞ በአዋጁ አንቀጽ 2(15) ሥር እንደተጠቀሰው የአንድ ሕንጻ መጠን፣ ቅርጽ፣ ስፋት እና አይነት የሚያሳይ ሆኖ ሕንጻው የሚሰራበትን ቁሳቁስ /ግብአት/ እና የአገነባብ ዘዴን የሚያሳይ ንድፍ ወይም ሞዴል ሲሆን የአርክቴክቸራል፣ ስትራክቸራል፣ ሳኒተሪ፣ ኤሌክትሪካል፣ መካኒካል፣ የእሳት መከላከል እና ሌሎች አስፈላጊ ሥራዎችን የሚያሳይ ንድፍ የሚያካትት ማለት ነው።
💫የ YouTube ቻናላችን👇
https://www.youtube.com/@EthiopianConstruction7
@etconp
💫በኢትዮጵያ የሕንጻ አዋጅ ቁጥር 624/20001 እና በሚኒስቴሮች ምክር ቤት ደንብ ቁጥር 243/2003 (አንቀጽ 2(8)) መሰረት፦
⭐️የግንባታ ፍቃድ ማለት አንድ የሕንጻ ግንባታ ለማካሄድ ለሚፈልግ አካል ሕንጻውን ለመገንባት የሚያስችሉት ዝርዝር መስፈርቶች እንደተሟሉ በከተማው (ሕንጻ) ሹም ተረጋግጦ ግንባታ እንዲካሄድ ፍቃድ መስጠቱን የሚገልጽ ማስረጃ ማለት ነው።
🚧ፕላን ማለት ደግሞ በአዋጁ አንቀጽ 2(15) ሥር እንደተጠቀሰው የአንድ ሕንጻ መጠን፣ ቅርጽ፣ ስፋት እና አይነት የሚያሳይ ሆኖ ሕንጻው የሚሰራበትን ቁሳቁስ /ግብአት/ እና የአገነባብ ዘዴን የሚያሳይ ንድፍ ወይም ሞዴል ሲሆን የአርክቴክቸራል፣ ስትራክቸራል፣ ሳኒተሪ፣ ኤሌክትሪካል፣ መካኒካል፣ የእሳት መከላከል እና ሌሎች አስፈላጊ ሥራዎችን የሚያሳይ ንድፍ የሚያካትት ማለት ነው።
💫የ YouTube ቻናላችን👇
https://www.youtube.com/@EthiopianConstruction7
@etconp
👍11❤8🙏4
👉 INTERCON Construction Chemicals
● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat
● Concrete Repair Mortar
● Floor hardener, Epoxy
● Grout, Self-level mortar
● Quartz paint, Contextra
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
● Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
☎️ Tel: 0961955555
🔹 Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital
🔹 Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza
● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat
● Concrete Repair Mortar
● Floor hardener, Epoxy
● Grout, Self-level mortar
● Quartz paint, Contextra
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
● Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
☎️ Tel: 0961955555
🔹 Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital
🔹 Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza
❤3
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Ab Con General Waterproofing Works
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◇በፋይበርግላስ የተሰራ የውሃ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ ለማፅዳት በቀላሉ የሚመች ሲሆን ፣ በዉሀ ዉስጥ በፍጥነት ለሚራባዉ አልጌ ደግሞ ፈፅሞ የማይመች ነዉ ።
◇በፋይበርግላስ የተሰራ የውሃ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ ከመሬት በታች በጉድጎድ ዉስጥ ስለሚሰራ ቦታ ቆጣቢ ነዉ።
◇ለመዋኛ ገንዳ
◇ ለመኖሪያ ቤቶች ፣፤ሪል እስቴቶች ፤ድርጅቶች ፤ሆስፒታሎች፥ ሆቴሎች ፥ ኤምባሲዎች፥የእርሻ ቦታዎች ፥ኢንዱስትሪ ፓርኮች ወዘተ የኛ ተጠቃሚዎች ናቸዉ።
🤳0913967277
0968966602
Ab Con General Waterproofing Works
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◇ በፋይበርግላስ የተሰራ የውሃ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ በጉድጓድ ዉስጥ ከሚመጣ የሽንት ቤት ፍሳሾች ሙሉ ለሙሉ የተከለለ ስለሚሆን ለዉሀ ብክለት አስተማማኝ ነዉ ።
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◇በፋይበርግላስ የተሰራ የውሃ ሴፕቲክ ታንክ ለማፅዳት በቀላሉ የሚመች ሲሆን ፣ በዉሀ ዉስጥ በፍጥነት ለሚራባዉ አልጌ ደግሞ ፈፅሞ የማይመች ነዉ ።
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◇ለመዋኛ ገንዳ
◇ ለመኖሪያ ቤቶች ፣፤ሪል እስቴቶች ፤ድርጅቶች ፤ሆስፒታሎች፥ ሆቴሎች ፥ ኤምባሲዎች፥የእርሻ ቦታዎች ፥ኢንዱስትሪ ፓርኮች ወዘተ የኛ ተጠቃሚዎች ናቸዉ።
🤳0913967277
0968966602
❤4
👉Top 10 Best & Most Amazing Construction Structures in the World, famous for their engineering excellence, scale, and innovation 🌍🏗️
🌟 Top 10 Amazing Construction Structures
1️⃣ Burj Khalifa – Dubai, UAE
❇️Tallest building in the world
Height: 828 m
❇️Advanced high-rise structural and wind-resistant design
2️⃣ Great Wall of China
❇️Longest man-made structure ever built
Over 21,000 km long
❇️Built centuries ago with stone, brick, and earth
3️⃣ Panama Canal – Panama
❇️One of the greatest hydraulic engineering works
Connects Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
❇️Uses lock system to lift ships
4️⃣ Golden Gate Bridge – USA
❇️Iconic suspension bridge
Designed to resist earthquakes and strong winds
5️⃣ Millau Viaduct – France
❇️Tallest bridge in the world
Height higher than Eiffel Tower
Cable-stayed bridge with elegant design
6️⃣ Petronas Twin Towers – Malaysia
❇️Tallest twin towers in the world Built with reinforced concrete
❇️core Famous skybridge
7️⃣ Three Gorges Dam – China
❇️Largest hydroelectric power station
❇️Massive concrete gravity dam
❇️Controls floods and generates power
8️⃣ Sydney Opera House – Australia
❇️Unique shell-shaped roof structure
❇️Complex precast concrete design
❇️Architectural masterpiece
9️⃣ Palm Jumeirah – Dubai, UAE
❇️Artificial island built in sea
Massive land reclamation project
❇️Visible from space
🔟 Channel Tunnel (Eurotunnel) – UK & France
❇️Undersea railway tunnel
50 km long
❇️Advanced tunneling and waterproofing technology
🏗️ Why These Structures Are Amazing
⏺Extreme size and height
⏺Advanced structural & geotechnical engineering
⏺Innovative construction methods
⏺Long-term durability and safety
@etconp
🌟 Top 10 Amazing Construction Structures
1️⃣ Burj Khalifa – Dubai, UAE
❇️Tallest building in the world
Height: 828 m
❇️Advanced high-rise structural and wind-resistant design
2️⃣ Great Wall of China
❇️Longest man-made structure ever built
Over 21,000 km long
❇️Built centuries ago with stone, brick, and earth
3️⃣ Panama Canal – Panama
❇️One of the greatest hydraulic engineering works
Connects Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
❇️Uses lock system to lift ships
4️⃣ Golden Gate Bridge – USA
❇️Iconic suspension bridge
Designed to resist earthquakes and strong winds
5️⃣ Millau Viaduct – France
❇️Tallest bridge in the world
Height higher than Eiffel Tower
Cable-stayed bridge with elegant design
6️⃣ Petronas Twin Towers – Malaysia
❇️Tallest twin towers in the world Built with reinforced concrete
❇️core Famous skybridge
7️⃣ Three Gorges Dam – China
❇️Largest hydroelectric power station
❇️Massive concrete gravity dam
❇️Controls floods and generates power
8️⃣ Sydney Opera House – Australia
❇️Unique shell-shaped roof structure
❇️Complex precast concrete design
❇️Architectural masterpiece
9️⃣ Palm Jumeirah – Dubai, UAE
❇️Artificial island built in sea
Massive land reclamation project
❇️Visible from space
🔟 Channel Tunnel (Eurotunnel) – UK & France
❇️Undersea railway tunnel
50 km long
❇️Advanced tunneling and waterproofing technology
🏗️ Why These Structures Are Amazing
⏺Extreme size and height
⏺Advanced structural & geotechnical engineering
⏺Innovative construction methods
⏺Long-term durability and safety
@etconp
❤12👌1
👉The Standard Proctor Test and the Modified Proctor Test
💫The Standard Proctor Test and the Modified Proctor Test are both laboratory methods used to determine the optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (MDD) of soil.
💫These tests are essential for soil compaction in construction projects. The key differences between the two tests are as follows:
⭐️1. Compaction Energy:
- Standard Proctor Test: Uses lower compaction energy. The test involves compacting soil in a mold using a hammer weighing 2.5 kg (5.5 lbs) dropped from a height of 305 mm (12 inches) for 25 blows per layer.
- Modified Proctor Test: Uses higher compaction energy. The test involves a heavier hammer (4.54 kg or 10 lbs) dropped from a height of 457 mm (18 inches) for 25 blows per layer.
⭐️2. Purpose:
- Standard Proctor Test: Typically used for lighter construction projects, such as small buildings, roads, and embankments, where lower compaction energy is sufficient.
- Modified Proctor Test: Used for heavier construction projects, such as highways, airports, and large dams, where higher compaction energy is required to achieve greater soil density.
⭐️3. Dry Density and Moisture Content:
- Standard Proctor Test: Results in a lower maximum dry density and higher optimum moisture content compared to the Modified Proctor Test.
- Modified Proctor Test: Results in a higher maximum dry density and lower optimum moisture content due to the increased compaction energy.
⭐️4. Applications:
- Standard Proctor Test: Suitable for soils in areas with less stringent compaction requirements.
- Modified Proctor Test: Suitable for soils in areas with higher traffic loads or where greater stability is needed.
⭐️5. Standards:
- Standard Proctor Test: Follows ASTM D698 or AASHTO T99 standards.
- Modified Proctor Test: Follows ASTM D1557 or AASHTO T180 standards.
🏷In summary, the Modified Proctor Test applies higher compaction energy to achieve greater soil density, making it suitable for more demanding engineering projects, while the Standard Proctor Test is used for less critical applications.
@etconp
💫The Standard Proctor Test and the Modified Proctor Test are both laboratory methods used to determine the optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (MDD) of soil.
💫These tests are essential for soil compaction in construction projects. The key differences between the two tests are as follows:
⭐️1. Compaction Energy:
- Standard Proctor Test: Uses lower compaction energy. The test involves compacting soil in a mold using a hammer weighing 2.5 kg (5.5 lbs) dropped from a height of 305 mm (12 inches) for 25 blows per layer.
- Modified Proctor Test: Uses higher compaction energy. The test involves a heavier hammer (4.54 kg or 10 lbs) dropped from a height of 457 mm (18 inches) for 25 blows per layer.
⭐️2. Purpose:
- Standard Proctor Test: Typically used for lighter construction projects, such as small buildings, roads, and embankments, where lower compaction energy is sufficient.
- Modified Proctor Test: Used for heavier construction projects, such as highways, airports, and large dams, where higher compaction energy is required to achieve greater soil density.
⭐️3. Dry Density and Moisture Content:
- Standard Proctor Test: Results in a lower maximum dry density and higher optimum moisture content compared to the Modified Proctor Test.
- Modified Proctor Test: Results in a higher maximum dry density and lower optimum moisture content due to the increased compaction energy.
⭐️4. Applications:
- Standard Proctor Test: Suitable for soils in areas with less stringent compaction requirements.
- Modified Proctor Test: Suitable for soils in areas with higher traffic loads or where greater stability is needed.
⭐️5. Standards:
- Standard Proctor Test: Follows ASTM D698 or AASHTO T99 standards.
- Modified Proctor Test: Follows ASTM D1557 or AASHTO T180 standards.
🏷In summary, the Modified Proctor Test applies higher compaction energy to achieve greater soil density, making it suitable for more demanding engineering projects, while the Standard Proctor Test is used for less critical applications.
@etconp
❤19
Forwarded from Ethiopian Construction Vacancy & Tender
👉Vacancy Announcement
⭐️Architect (Project-Based / Contract)
💫We are seeking a qualified and experienced Architect for a project-based, contract position.
🏷Minimum Requirements:Bachelor’s Degree in Architecture or related field.
⏺Minimum of 4 years proven professional experience.
⏺Demonstrated experience in landscape design and riverside / waterfront development projects.
⏺Strong understanding of site planning, grading, drainage, and integration of built structures with natural environments.
⏺Ability to work effectively on a contract-based, project-oriented engagement.
⏺Proficiency in relevant design and documentation software (AutoCAD, SketchUp, Revit, or equivalent).
📜Key Responsibilities:
-Prepare architectural and landscape design concepts aligned with project requirements.
-Develop detailed drawings, layouts, and design documentation.
-Coordinate with engineers, planners, and project stakeholders.
-Participate in site visits and provide technical support during project execution.
-Ensure designs comply with applicable standards, regulations, and environmental considerations.
🔰Contract Type:
-Project-based
-Contractual engagement
📩How to Apply: Interested applicants should submit their CV, portfolio, and relevant project experience demonstrating landscape and riverside works to @Michael_shiferaw2771 under subject: Architect Vacancy
@etconp
⭐️Architect (Project-Based / Contract)
💫We are seeking a qualified and experienced Architect for a project-based, contract position.
🏷Minimum Requirements:Bachelor’s Degree in Architecture or related field.
⏺Minimum of 4 years proven professional experience.
⏺Demonstrated experience in landscape design and riverside / waterfront development projects.
⏺Strong understanding of site planning, grading, drainage, and integration of built structures with natural environments.
⏺Ability to work effectively on a contract-based, project-oriented engagement.
⏺Proficiency in relevant design and documentation software (AutoCAD, SketchUp, Revit, or equivalent).
📜Key Responsibilities:
-Prepare architectural and landscape design concepts aligned with project requirements.
-Develop detailed drawings, layouts, and design documentation.
-Coordinate with engineers, planners, and project stakeholders.
-Participate in site visits and provide technical support during project execution.
-Ensure designs comply with applicable standards, regulations, and environmental considerations.
🔰Contract Type:
-Project-based
-Contractual engagement
📩How to Apply: Interested applicants should submit their CV, portfolio, and relevant project experience demonstrating landscape and riverside works to @Michael_shiferaw2771 under subject: Architect Vacancy
@etconp
❤10🙏3
2982. Which of the following is the test to find property of lime
Anonymous Quiz
49%
(a) Water absorption test
22%
(b) Abrasion test
18%
(c) Ball test
11%
(d) Slump test
❤4👍4