đThe Main pre-requirements and safety issues for formwork in high-rise buildings
đ§1. Pre-requirements for Formwork (Before Installation)
âď¸A) Approved Design & Drawings
âşFormwork shop drawings approved by engineer
âşChecked for loads: fresh concrete, workers, equipment, wind Proper details for props, ties, bracing, and connections
âď¸B) Qualified Personnel
âşFormwork erection supervised by experienced engineer/foreman Workers trained in formwork handling and safety
âď¸C) Material Inspection
âşFormwork materials free from: Cracks, deformation, corrosion
âşDamaged plywood or bent steel props
âşAdequate load capacity for high-rise floors
âď¸D) Proper Planning
âşFormwork sequence and stripping time planned
âşConcrete strength gain verified before removal Crane lifting plan prepared
âď¸D) Stable Base
âşProps placed on solid ground or slabs Use of sole plates/base plates under vertical props
đ§2. Major Safety Issues in High-Rise Formwork
âď¸A) Risk of Collapse (Most Critical)
đŤCauses:
âşInsufficient bracing
âşEarly removal of props
âşOverloading with materials
đŤSafety Measures:
âşFollow design strictly
âşNo removal without engineer approval
âď¸B) Fall from Height
âşWorkers exposed at slab edges and columns
đŤSafety Measures:
âşGuardrails and edge protection
âşSafety harness with lifeline Proper access (ladders, stair towers)
âď¸C) Improper Shoring & Reshoring
âşLower floors may fail if reshoring is ignored
đŤSafety Measures:
âşContinuous reshoring transfer checked floor by floor
âď¸D) Lifting & Handling Hazards
âşCrane lifting of panels at height
đŤSafety Measures:
âşCertified lifting points Tag lines used
âşNo workers below suspended loads
âď¸E) Concrete Pouring Pressure
âşFresh concrete creates horizontal and vertical pressure
đŤSafety Measures:
âşControlled pouring rate
âşNo overfilling in one location
âşContinuous monitoring during pour
âď¸F) Weather Effects
âşWind load critical in high-rise buildings
âşSafety Measures: Extra bracing at height
âşStop work during strong wind or rain
đ§3. During Formwork Installation
âşCheck vertical alignment of props
âşEnsure tight connections and locking pins
âşKeep working platforms clean and non-slippery
âşAdequate lighting for night work
đ§4. Before Concrete Pour
đŤEngineer & safety officer inspection Confirm:
âşBracing complete Props tight
âşOpenings covered Permit to pour issued
đ§5. During Stripping
âşRemove only after required concrete strength achieved
Follow top-down or approved sequence
âşDo not remove load-carrying props early Barricade stripping zone
đ§6. Key Safety Checklist
â Approved formwork design
â Strong bracing & reshoring
â Fall protection system
â Safe lifting practice
â Proper supervision
â No early removal
â Regular inspection
@etconp
đ§1. Pre-requirements for Formwork (Before Installation)
âď¸A) Approved Design & Drawings
âşFormwork shop drawings approved by engineer
âşChecked for loads: fresh concrete, workers, equipment, wind Proper details for props, ties, bracing, and connections
âď¸B) Qualified Personnel
âşFormwork erection supervised by experienced engineer/foreman Workers trained in formwork handling and safety
âď¸C) Material Inspection
âşFormwork materials free from: Cracks, deformation, corrosion
âşDamaged plywood or bent steel props
âşAdequate load capacity for high-rise floors
âď¸D) Proper Planning
âşFormwork sequence and stripping time planned
âşConcrete strength gain verified before removal Crane lifting plan prepared
âď¸D) Stable Base
âşProps placed on solid ground or slabs Use of sole plates/base plates under vertical props
đ§2. Major Safety Issues in High-Rise Formwork
âď¸A) Risk of Collapse (Most Critical)
đŤCauses:
âşInsufficient bracing
âşEarly removal of props
âşOverloading with materials
đŤSafety Measures:
âşFollow design strictly
âşNo removal without engineer approval
âď¸B) Fall from Height
âşWorkers exposed at slab edges and columns
đŤSafety Measures:
âşGuardrails and edge protection
âşSafety harness with lifeline Proper access (ladders, stair towers)
âď¸C) Improper Shoring & Reshoring
âşLower floors may fail if reshoring is ignored
đŤSafety Measures:
âşContinuous reshoring transfer checked floor by floor
âď¸D) Lifting & Handling Hazards
âşCrane lifting of panels at height
đŤSafety Measures:
âşCertified lifting points Tag lines used
âşNo workers below suspended loads
âď¸E) Concrete Pouring Pressure
âşFresh concrete creates horizontal and vertical pressure
đŤSafety Measures:
âşControlled pouring rate
âşNo overfilling in one location
âşContinuous monitoring during pour
âď¸F) Weather Effects
âşWind load critical in high-rise buildings
âşSafety Measures: Extra bracing at height
âşStop work during strong wind or rain
đ§3. During Formwork Installation
âşCheck vertical alignment of props
âşEnsure tight connections and locking pins
âşKeep working platforms clean and non-slippery
âşAdequate lighting for night work
đ§4. Before Concrete Pour
đŤEngineer & safety officer inspection Confirm:
âşBracing complete Props tight
âşOpenings covered Permit to pour issued
đ§5. During Stripping
âşRemove only after required concrete strength achieved
Follow top-down or approved sequence
âşDo not remove load-carrying props early Barricade stripping zone
đ§6. Key Safety Checklist
â Approved formwork design
â Strong bracing & reshoring
â Fall protection system
â Safe lifting practice
â Proper supervision
â No early removal
â Regular inspection
@etconp
â¤10đĽ4
Forwarded from Ethiopian Construction Vacancy & Tender
đá¨áááŁáł áá á á°áâď¸
đáááŽá˘ĂˇáŹááŤ
đ§á ááŹá áĽááľ áááŽá˘ ááľáĽ á áááŁáł áá áŤá áŁá 16 ááá á ááť á°ááˇáá˘
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@etconp
đáááŽá˘ĂˇáŹááŤ
đ§á ááŹá áĽááľ áááŽá˘ ááľáĽ á áááŁáł áá áŤá áŁá 16 ááá á ááť á°ááˇáá˘
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đá¨áááŁáł áááľ áĽá á¨áááŁáł ááá
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âď¸á¨áááŁáł áááľ áááľ á ááľ á¨áááť áááŁáł áááŤááľ ááááá á áŤá áááťáá áááááŁáľ á¨ááŤáľá˝ááľ áááá ááľáááśá˝ áĽáá°á°áá á á¨á°áá (áááť) ášá á°á¨ááጠáááŁáł áĽáá˛áŤááľ áááľ ááľá áąá á¨áááá˝ ááľá¨á áááľ ááá˘
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đŤá¨ YouTube áťááá˝áđ
https://www.youtube.com/@EthiopianConstruction7
@etconp
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âď¸á¨áááŁáł áááľ áááľ á ááľ á¨áááť áááŁáł áááŤááľ ááááá á áŤá áááťáá áááááŁáľ á¨ááŤáľá˝ááľ áááá ááľáááśá˝ áĽáá°á°áá á á¨á°áá (áááť) ášá á°á¨ááጠáááŁáł áĽáá˛áŤááľ áááľ ááľá áąá á¨áááá˝ ááľá¨á áááľ ááá˘
đ§ááá áááľ á°áá á á áá á ááá˝ 2(15) áĽá áĽáá°á°á áá°á á¨á ááľ áááť áá áᣠá áá˝áŁ áľááľ áĽá á áááľ á¨ááŤáłá áá áááťá á¨áá°áŤá áľá ááłááľ /ááĽá áľ/ áĽá á¨á áááŁáĽ áá´á á¨ááŤáłá ááľá ááá áá´á á˛áá á¨á ááá´áá¸áŤáᣠáľáľáŤáá¸áŤáᣠáłáá°áŞáŁ á¤áááľáŞáŤáᣠááŤááŤáᣠá¨áĽáłáľ áá¨áá¨á áĽá ááá˝ á áľááá áĽáŤáá˝á á¨ááŤáłá ááľá á¨ááŤáŤáľáľ áááľ ááá˘
đŤá¨ YouTube áťááá˝áđ
https://www.youtube.com/@EthiopianConstruction7
@etconp
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â Concrete Repair Mortar
â Floor hardener, Epoxy
â Grout, Self-level mortar
â Quartz paint, Contextra
â Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
â Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
âď¸ Tel: 0961955555
đš Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital
đš Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza
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đTop 10 Best & Most Amazing Construction Structures in the World, famous for their engineering excellence, scale, and innovation đđď¸
đ Top 10 Amazing Construction Structures
1ď¸âŁ Burj Khalifa â Dubai, UAE
âď¸Tallest building in the world
Height: 828 m
âď¸Advanced high-rise structural and wind-resistant design
2ď¸âŁ Great Wall of China
âď¸Longest man-made structure ever built
Over 21,000 km long
âď¸Built centuries ago with stone, brick, and earth
3ď¸âŁ Panama Canal â Panama
âď¸One of the greatest hydraulic engineering works
Connects Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
âď¸Uses lock system to lift ships
4ď¸âŁ Golden Gate Bridge â USA
âď¸Iconic suspension bridge
Designed to resist earthquakes and strong winds
5ď¸âŁ Millau Viaduct â France
âď¸Tallest bridge in the world
Height higher than Eiffel Tower
Cable-stayed bridge with elegant design
6ď¸âŁ Petronas Twin Towers â Malaysia
âď¸Tallest twin towers in the world Built with reinforced concrete
âď¸core Famous skybridge
7ď¸âŁ Three Gorges Dam â China
âď¸Largest hydroelectric power station
âď¸Massive concrete gravity dam
âď¸Controls floods and generates power
8ď¸âŁ Sydney Opera House â Australia
âď¸Unique shell-shaped roof structure
âď¸Complex precast concrete design
âď¸Architectural masterpiece
9ď¸âŁ Palm Jumeirah â Dubai, UAE
âď¸Artificial island built in sea
Massive land reclamation project
âď¸Visible from space
đ Channel Tunnel (Eurotunnel) â UK & France
âď¸Undersea railway tunnel
50 km long
âď¸Advanced tunneling and waterproofing technology
đď¸ Why These Structures Are Amazing
âşExtreme size and height
âşAdvanced structural & geotechnical engineering
âşInnovative construction methods
âşLong-term durability and safety
@etconp
đ Top 10 Amazing Construction Structures
1ď¸âŁ Burj Khalifa â Dubai, UAE
âď¸Tallest building in the world
Height: 828 m
âď¸Advanced high-rise structural and wind-resistant design
2ď¸âŁ Great Wall of China
âď¸Longest man-made structure ever built
Over 21,000 km long
âď¸Built centuries ago with stone, brick, and earth
3ď¸âŁ Panama Canal â Panama
âď¸One of the greatest hydraulic engineering works
Connects Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
âď¸Uses lock system to lift ships
4ď¸âŁ Golden Gate Bridge â USA
âď¸Iconic suspension bridge
Designed to resist earthquakes and strong winds
5ď¸âŁ Millau Viaduct â France
âď¸Tallest bridge in the world
Height higher than Eiffel Tower
Cable-stayed bridge with elegant design
6ď¸âŁ Petronas Twin Towers â Malaysia
âď¸Tallest twin towers in the world Built with reinforced concrete
âď¸core Famous skybridge
7ď¸âŁ Three Gorges Dam â China
âď¸Largest hydroelectric power station
âď¸Massive concrete gravity dam
âď¸Controls floods and generates power
8ď¸âŁ Sydney Opera House â Australia
âď¸Unique shell-shaped roof structure
âď¸Complex precast concrete design
âď¸Architectural masterpiece
9ď¸âŁ Palm Jumeirah â Dubai, UAE
âď¸Artificial island built in sea
Massive land reclamation project
âď¸Visible from space
đ Channel Tunnel (Eurotunnel) â UK & France
âď¸Undersea railway tunnel
50 km long
âď¸Advanced tunneling and waterproofing technology
đď¸ Why These Structures Are Amazing
âşExtreme size and height
âşAdvanced structural & geotechnical engineering
âşInnovative construction methods
âşLong-term durability and safety
@etconp
â¤12đ1
đThe Standard Proctor Test and the Modified Proctor Test
đŤThe Standard Proctor Test and the Modified Proctor Test are both laboratory methods used to determine the optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (MDD) of soil.
đŤThese tests are essential for soil compaction in construction projects. The key differences between the two tests are as follows:
âď¸1. Compaction Energy:
- Standard Proctor Test: Uses lower compaction energy. The test involves compacting soil in a mold using a hammer weighing 2.5 kg (5.5 lbs) dropped from a height of 305 mm (12 inches) for 25 blows per layer.
- Modified Proctor Test: Uses higher compaction energy. The test involves a heavier hammer (4.54 kg or 10 lbs) dropped from a height of 457 mm (18 inches) for 25 blows per layer.
âď¸2. Purpose:
- Standard Proctor Test: Typically used for lighter construction projects, such as small buildings, roads, and embankments, where lower compaction energy is sufficient.
- Modified Proctor Test: Used for heavier construction projects, such as highways, airports, and large dams, where higher compaction energy is required to achieve greater soil density.
âď¸3. Dry Density and Moisture Content:
- Standard Proctor Test: Results in a lower maximum dry density and higher optimum moisture content compared to the Modified Proctor Test.
- Modified Proctor Test: Results in a higher maximum dry density and lower optimum moisture content due to the increased compaction energy.
âď¸4. Applications:
- Standard Proctor Test: Suitable for soils in areas with less stringent compaction requirements.
- Modified Proctor Test: Suitable for soils in areas with higher traffic loads or where greater stability is needed.
âď¸5. Standards:
- Standard Proctor Test: Follows ASTM D698 or AASHTO T99 standards.
- Modified Proctor Test: Follows ASTM D1557 or AASHTO T180 standards.
đˇIn summary, the Modified Proctor Test applies higher compaction energy to achieve greater soil density, making it suitable for more demanding engineering projects, while the Standard Proctor Test is used for less critical applications.
@etconp
đŤThe Standard Proctor Test and the Modified Proctor Test are both laboratory methods used to determine the optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (MDD) of soil.
đŤThese tests are essential for soil compaction in construction projects. The key differences between the two tests are as follows:
âď¸1. Compaction Energy:
- Standard Proctor Test: Uses lower compaction energy. The test involves compacting soil in a mold using a hammer weighing 2.5 kg (5.5 lbs) dropped from a height of 305 mm (12 inches) for 25 blows per layer.
- Modified Proctor Test: Uses higher compaction energy. The test involves a heavier hammer (4.54 kg or 10 lbs) dropped from a height of 457 mm (18 inches) for 25 blows per layer.
âď¸2. Purpose:
- Standard Proctor Test: Typically used for lighter construction projects, such as small buildings, roads, and embankments, where lower compaction energy is sufficient.
- Modified Proctor Test: Used for heavier construction projects, such as highways, airports, and large dams, where higher compaction energy is required to achieve greater soil density.
âď¸3. Dry Density and Moisture Content:
- Standard Proctor Test: Results in a lower maximum dry density and higher optimum moisture content compared to the Modified Proctor Test.
- Modified Proctor Test: Results in a higher maximum dry density and lower optimum moisture content due to the increased compaction energy.
âď¸4. Applications:
- Standard Proctor Test: Suitable for soils in areas with less stringent compaction requirements.
- Modified Proctor Test: Suitable for soils in areas with higher traffic loads or where greater stability is needed.
âď¸5. Standards:
- Standard Proctor Test: Follows ASTM D698 or AASHTO T99 standards.
- Modified Proctor Test: Follows ASTM D1557 or AASHTO T180 standards.
đˇIn summary, the Modified Proctor Test applies higher compaction energy to achieve greater soil density, making it suitable for more demanding engineering projects, while the Standard Proctor Test is used for less critical applications.
@etconp
â¤19
Forwarded from Ethiopian Construction Vacancy & Tender
đVacancy Announcement
âď¸Architect (Project-Based / Contract)
đŤWe are seeking a qualified and experienced Architect for a project-based, contract position.
đˇMinimum Requirements:Bachelorâs Degree in Architecture or related field.
âşMinimum of 4 years proven professional experience.
âşDemonstrated experience in landscape design and riverside / waterfront development projects.
âşStrong understanding of site planning, grading, drainage, and integration of built structures with natural environments.
âşAbility to work effectively on a contract-based, project-oriented engagement.
âşProficiency in relevant design and documentation software (AutoCAD, SketchUp, Revit, or equivalent).
đKey Responsibilities:
-Prepare architectural and landscape design concepts aligned with project requirements.
-Develop detailed drawings, layouts, and design documentation.
-Coordinate with engineers, planners, and project stakeholders.
-Participate in site visits and provide technical support during project execution.
-Ensure designs comply with applicable standards, regulations, and environmental considerations.
đ°Contract Type:
-Project-based
-Contractual engagement
đŠHow to Apply: Interested applicants should submit their CV, portfolio, and relevant project experience demonstrating landscape and riverside works to @Michael_shiferaw2771 under subject: Architect Vacancy
@etconp
âď¸Architect (Project-Based / Contract)
đŤWe are seeking a qualified and experienced Architect for a project-based, contract position.
đˇMinimum Requirements:Bachelorâs Degree in Architecture or related field.
âşMinimum of 4 years proven professional experience.
âşDemonstrated experience in landscape design and riverside / waterfront development projects.
âşStrong understanding of site planning, grading, drainage, and integration of built structures with natural environments.
âşAbility to work effectively on a contract-based, project-oriented engagement.
âşProficiency in relevant design and documentation software (AutoCAD, SketchUp, Revit, or equivalent).
đKey Responsibilities:
-Prepare architectural and landscape design concepts aligned with project requirements.
-Develop detailed drawings, layouts, and design documentation.
-Coordinate with engineers, planners, and project stakeholders.
-Participate in site visits and provide technical support during project execution.
-Ensure designs comply with applicable standards, regulations, and environmental considerations.
đ°Contract Type:
-Project-based
-Contractual engagement
đŠHow to Apply: Interested applicants should submit their CV, portfolio, and relevant project experience demonstrating landscape and riverside works to @Michael_shiferaw2771 under subject: Architect Vacancy
@etconp
â¤10đ3
2982. Which of the following is the test to find property of lime
Anonymous Quiz
49%
(a) Water absorption test
22%
(b) Abrasion test
18%
(c) Ball test
11%
(d) Slump test
â¤4đ4
2949. On which of the factors does the co-efficient of bend in a pipe depend?
Anonymous Quiz
24%
(a) Angle of bend and radius of curvature of the bend
25%
(b) Angle of bend and radius of the pipe
21%
(c) Radius of curvature of the bend and pipe
31%
(d) Radius of curvature of the bend and pipe and angle of bend
đ4â¤1
2946. Which one of the following is a major loss?
Anonymous Quiz
63%
(a) Frictional loss
17%
(b) Shock loss
9%
(c) Entry loss
11%
(d) Exit loss
â¤7
2942. The direction between meridian to survey line
Anonymous Quiz
50%
(a) Bearing
21%
(b) Declination
8%
(c) Dip
22%
(d) Angle
đ4
2935. The bearing plate used in the plate load test is in the shape of
Anonymous Quiz
26%
(a) Square
26%
(b) Square or Circular
14%
(c) Rectangular
33%
(d) All of the mentioned
â¤4đ3
2934. The plate load test consists in loading a rigid plate at the
Anonymous Quiz
26%
(a) The base of the footing
15%
(b) Bottom of the construction
18%
(c) Foundation level
41%
(d) All of the mentioned
â¤3
2928. The main type of butt joints, is a double cover
Anonymous Quiz
32%
(a) Shear bolted joint
22%
(b) Chain bolted joint
20%
(c) Zig-zag bolted joint
26%
(d) All the above
đ4
2922. Maximum diameter of bar for RC slab having thickness D is restricted to
Anonymous Quiz
46%
(a) D / 4
15%
(b) D / 6
24%
(c) D / 8
15%
(d) D / 10
đ5
2920. The amount of reinforcement for main bars in a slab , is designed for
Anonymous Quiz
11%
(a) Minimum bending moment
73%
(b) Maximum bending moment
13%
(c) Maximum shear force
2%
(d) Minimum shear force
â¤5đ3
2919. R.C.C. slab is designed as a two way slab when
Anonymous Quiz
8%
(a) Slab is Cantilever
36%
(b) Ratio of longer to shorter span is ⼠2.0
48%
(c) Ratio of longer to shorter span is < 2.0
8%
(d) Slab is continuous over two opposite edges
â¤4đ3
2916. __ must be done when the plane table is set up at more than one station.
Anonymous Quiz
23%
(a) Marking the north line
26%
(b) Orientation
47%
(c) Both (a) and (b)
4%
(d) None of the above
â¤6đ4
đ INTERCON Construction Chemicals
â Concrete Admixtures
â Bonding Agents
â Waterproofings
â Wall Putty, Prime Coat
â Concrete Repair Mortar
â Floor hardener, Epoxy
â Grout, Self-level mortar
â Quartz paint, Contextra
â Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
â Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
âď¸ Tel: 0961955555
đš Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital
đš Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza
â Concrete Admixtures
â Bonding Agents
â Waterproofings
â Wall Putty, Prime Coat
â Concrete Repair Mortar
â Floor hardener, Epoxy
â Grout, Self-level mortar
â Quartz paint, Contextra
â Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
â Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
âď¸ Tel: 0961955555
đš Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital
đš Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza
â¤1