👉Common Reasons for Wall Cracks
🚧Wall cracks are not just cosmetic problems — they can indicate deeper structural issues.
🔎 Major Causes:
1️⃣ Foundation Settlement Uneven soil movement can cause vertical or diagonal cracks.
2️⃣ Poor Curing
Insufficient water curing leads to shrinkage cracks.
3️⃣ Overloading
Excess structural load creates stress beyond design capacity.
4️⃣ Thermal Expansion
Temperature changes cause expansion and contraction of materials.
📌 Always inspect cracks early.
⏺Small cracks today can become major repairs tomorrow.
- Foundation Settlement
- Vertical cracks often appear.
- Caused by uneven soil movement or weak foundation support.
- Poor Curing
- Diagonal cracks in brickwork.
- Results from insufficient water curing during construction.
- Overloading
- Cracks near corners or joints.
- Happens when structural members carry more load than designed.
- Thermal Expansion
- Fine, hairline cracks on concrete surfaces.
- Due to temperature changes causing expansion and contraction.
🏷For more information click this Link Below And Subscribe Our YouTube Channel👇
https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG
@etconp
🚧Wall cracks are not just cosmetic problems — they can indicate deeper structural issues.
🔎 Major Causes:
1️⃣ Foundation Settlement Uneven soil movement can cause vertical or diagonal cracks.
2️⃣ Poor Curing
Insufficient water curing leads to shrinkage cracks.
3️⃣ Overloading
Excess structural load creates stress beyond design capacity.
4️⃣ Thermal Expansion
Temperature changes cause expansion and contraction of materials.
📌 Always inspect cracks early.
⏺Small cracks today can become major repairs tomorrow.
- Foundation Settlement
- Vertical cracks often appear.
- Caused by uneven soil movement or weak foundation support.
- Poor Curing
- Diagonal cracks in brickwork.
- Results from insufficient water curing during construction.
- Overloading
- Cracks near corners or joints.
- Happens when structural members carry more load than designed.
- Thermal Expansion
- Fine, hairline cracks on concrete surfaces.
- Due to temperature changes causing expansion and contraction.
🏷For more information click this Link Below And Subscribe Our YouTube Channel👇
https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG
@etconp
❤12
👉Calculating Elevations Using Auto Level
This Engineering Visual Explains How To Determine Point Elevations Using An Auto Level And Staff Readings.
For Point A, The Base Elevation Of 1637.9 m Plus A 1.4 m Base Height Minus A 6.0 m Staff Reading Results In An Elevation Of 1633.3 m.
Precise Measurements Over A 100 m Horizontal Distance Ensure Accurate Grading And Site Surveying For Infrastructure Projects.
#CivilEngineering #Surveying #AutoLevel #LandSurveying #EngineeringCalculations #SiteEngineering #ConstructionSurvey #Geomatics
@etconp
This Engineering Visual Explains How To Determine Point Elevations Using An Auto Level And Staff Readings.
For Point A, The Base Elevation Of 1637.9 m Plus A 1.4 m Base Height Minus A 6.0 m Staff Reading Results In An Elevation Of 1633.3 m.
Precise Measurements Over A 100 m Horizontal Distance Ensure Accurate Grading And Site Surveying For Infrastructure Projects.
#CivilEngineering #Surveying #AutoLevel #LandSurveying #EngineeringCalculations #SiteEngineering #ConstructionSurvey #Geomatics
@etconp
❤6
#ግብር
በአዲሱ የገቢ ግብር አዋጅ መሰረት የደረጃ "ሀ" ግብር ከፋዮች ከተያዘው የግብር አመት በፊት በነበረው የግብር ዓመት የከፈሉትን ግብር 25% የሂሳብ ሪፖርት ከሚቀርብበት ወር መጨረሻ ጀምሮ በየሶስት ወሩ በተጠናቀቀ 30 ቀናት ውስጥ አስቀድመው መክፈል እንዳለባቸው ተደንግጓል።
በአዋጁ መሰረት በሽያጭ ላይ የተቀነሰ የቅድመ ገቢ ግብር ተቀናሽ በማድረግ ግብሩ መከፈል አለበት።
በeTax ግብርን አሳውቆ ለመክፈል እንዲቻል Advance Quarterly payment Advice-Schedule C የሚል Account መከፈቱን የገቢዎች ሚኒስቴር አሳውቋል።
ግብር ከፋዮች ለ2017 የግብር ዓመት የተከፈለውን ግብር 25%(1/4) የመክፈያ ጊዜው የካቲት 30/2018 ሳያልፍ Efiled አድርገው ግብራቸውን እንዲከፍሉ ሚኒስቴሩ አሳስቧል።
ዘግይቶ የሚከፈል ግብር #ወለድ እና #መቀጫ የሚያስከትል መሆኑ ተመላክቷል።
የአከፋፈል ሂደቱን በተመለከተ ከላይ ማብራሪያ ቀርቧል።
@etconp
በአዲሱ የገቢ ግብር አዋጅ መሰረት የደረጃ "ሀ" ግብር ከፋዮች ከተያዘው የግብር አመት በፊት በነበረው የግብር ዓመት የከፈሉትን ግብር 25% የሂሳብ ሪፖርት ከሚቀርብበት ወር መጨረሻ ጀምሮ በየሶስት ወሩ በተጠናቀቀ 30 ቀናት ውስጥ አስቀድመው መክፈል እንዳለባቸው ተደንግጓል።
በአዋጁ መሰረት በሽያጭ ላይ የተቀነሰ የቅድመ ገቢ ግብር ተቀናሽ በማድረግ ግብሩ መከፈል አለበት።
በeTax ግብርን አሳውቆ ለመክፈል እንዲቻል Advance Quarterly payment Advice-Schedule C የሚል Account መከፈቱን የገቢዎች ሚኒስቴር አሳውቋል።
ግብር ከፋዮች ለ2017 የግብር ዓመት የተከፈለውን ግብር 25%(1/4) የመክፈያ ጊዜው የካቲት 30/2018 ሳያልፍ Efiled አድርገው ግብራቸውን እንዲከፍሉ ሚኒስቴሩ አሳስቧል።
ዘግይቶ የሚከፈል ግብር #ወለድ እና #መቀጫ የሚያስከትል መሆኑ ተመላክቷል።
የአከፋፈል ሂደቱን በተመለከተ ከላይ ማብራሪያ ቀርቧል።
@etconp
❤5👍2🔥1
👉What Is Scaffold
▶A SCAFFOLD is a temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms.
*Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so workers have a safe, stable work platform when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor.
*SCAFFOLDING means the individual components, for example tubes, couplers or frames and materials
that when assembled form a scaffold. *Scaffolding is classified as plant under Work Health and Safety
.
*about 35 to 40 percent of all the accidents that take place in building construction sites is due to faulty scaffolding and consequent fall of persons from heights, strict supervision should be taken in putting up of scaffolding according to standard
practices.
▶Scaffolding Parts.
Scaffolding contains the following parts.
1. Standards: The vertical posts (also called uprights).
2. Ledgers: The horizontal members parallel to the wall.
3. Braces: The bracing system.
4. Putlogs: Horizontal members normal to the wall.
5. Transoms: Putlogs whose both ends are supported on ledgers in double scaffolding.
6. Bridle: Member used to bridge openings.
7. Boarding: Planks on which workmen stand.
8. Guard rail: Rail provided at about 1 m level to guard the men working on the boarding.
9. Toe board: Boards placed parallel to boarding near the wall to give protection to workers.
10. Base plate or sole plate: Plates on the ground supporting standards.
.
▶Scaffolding Types.
Some of the commonly types of scaffolding are described below:
1. Single scaffolding or bricklayers scaffolding. This type of scaffolding is mostly used for brickwork and consists of an outer row of verticals;(called standards) to which longitudinal members are tied at different levels of working
2. Double scaffolding or Mason’s scaffolding. This is a supporting system used by masons for plastering .
It has pairs of (inner and outer) verticals. The putlogs, instead of being supported on the wall, are supported on an inner system of verticals and longitudinal’s.
To give additional lateral stability to the narrow and tall framework, it is tied to the building at intervals when used for multistory building.
3. Cantilever or needle scaffolding.
For the construction of the upper part of a tall residential building , cantilever scaffolding eliminates unwanted scaffolding at lower levels keeping the
space free for vehicles, etc.
It is similar to the double scaffold, except that it is
supported at the bottom by a cantilever prop.
4. Birdscage scaffolding.
It is used for internal work and consists of a simple cage supported on four verticals from which the;workers can work.
It is movable and can be easily moved from place to place.
5. Ladder or trestle scaffolding.
This is used for light work and is usually portable.
It consists of two ladders with the top ends joined together by planks so that a person can work on this platform.
6. Suspended scaffolding.
In tall buildings for working at high levels, such as the painting of tall buildings, it is more convenient
and economical to suspend the working platform from above the ground than to support it from the ground.
*This is especially so when the height is more than 30 meters.
.
▶Important Points in Scaffolding.
The following are some of the important rules to be remembered in scaffolding work:
1. The uprights (standards) should not be spaced more than 1.8 m (6 ft) for heavy work such as masonry and not more than 3 m (10 ft) for light
work such as painting.
2. The putlogs in single scaffolding should bear well on the wall opening. Short members nailed onto the wall should not be used as putlogs.
3. The platforms should be wide enough. It should not be less than 17 inches (425 mm) in width if the
height is more than 1.8 meters.
If materials are stored on it, it should not be less than 850 mm (34 inches) in width.
*Each board should be 50 mm thick and
200 mm (8 inches) wide for the putlog spacing of 1.5 m or more.
It can be 38 mm (11/2 inches)
thick for 0.9 to 1.5 m and 25 mm (1 inch) for less than 1.5 in putlog spacing’s.
@etconp
▶A SCAFFOLD is a temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms.
*Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so workers have a safe, stable work platform when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor.
*SCAFFOLDING means the individual components, for example tubes, couplers or frames and materials
that when assembled form a scaffold. *Scaffolding is classified as plant under Work Health and Safety
.
*about 35 to 40 percent of all the accidents that take place in building construction sites is due to faulty scaffolding and consequent fall of persons from heights, strict supervision should be taken in putting up of scaffolding according to standard
practices.
▶Scaffolding Parts.
Scaffolding contains the following parts.
1. Standards: The vertical posts (also called uprights).
2. Ledgers: The horizontal members parallel to the wall.
3. Braces: The bracing system.
4. Putlogs: Horizontal members normal to the wall.
5. Transoms: Putlogs whose both ends are supported on ledgers in double scaffolding.
6. Bridle: Member used to bridge openings.
7. Boarding: Planks on which workmen stand.
8. Guard rail: Rail provided at about 1 m level to guard the men working on the boarding.
9. Toe board: Boards placed parallel to boarding near the wall to give protection to workers.
10. Base plate or sole plate: Plates on the ground supporting standards.
.
▶Scaffolding Types.
Some of the commonly types of scaffolding are described below:
1. Single scaffolding or bricklayers scaffolding. This type of scaffolding is mostly used for brickwork and consists of an outer row of verticals;(called standards) to which longitudinal members are tied at different levels of working
2. Double scaffolding or Mason’s scaffolding. This is a supporting system used by masons for plastering .
It has pairs of (inner and outer) verticals. The putlogs, instead of being supported on the wall, are supported on an inner system of verticals and longitudinal’s.
To give additional lateral stability to the narrow and tall framework, it is tied to the building at intervals when used for multistory building.
3. Cantilever or needle scaffolding.
For the construction of the upper part of a tall residential building , cantilever scaffolding eliminates unwanted scaffolding at lower levels keeping the
space free for vehicles, etc.
It is similar to the double scaffold, except that it is
supported at the bottom by a cantilever prop.
4. Birdscage scaffolding.
It is used for internal work and consists of a simple cage supported on four verticals from which the;workers can work.
It is movable and can be easily moved from place to place.
5. Ladder or trestle scaffolding.
This is used for light work and is usually portable.
It consists of two ladders with the top ends joined together by planks so that a person can work on this platform.
6. Suspended scaffolding.
In tall buildings for working at high levels, such as the painting of tall buildings, it is more convenient
and economical to suspend the working platform from above the ground than to support it from the ground.
*This is especially so when the height is more than 30 meters.
.
▶Important Points in Scaffolding.
The following are some of the important rules to be remembered in scaffolding work:
1. The uprights (standards) should not be spaced more than 1.8 m (6 ft) for heavy work such as masonry and not more than 3 m (10 ft) for light
work such as painting.
2. The putlogs in single scaffolding should bear well on the wall opening. Short members nailed onto the wall should not be used as putlogs.
3. The platforms should be wide enough. It should not be less than 17 inches (425 mm) in width if the
height is more than 1.8 meters.
If materials are stored on it, it should not be less than 850 mm (34 inches) in width.
*Each board should be 50 mm thick and
200 mm (8 inches) wide for the putlog spacing of 1.5 m or more.
It can be 38 mm (11/2 inches)
thick for 0.9 to 1.5 m and 25 mm (1 inch) for less than 1.5 in putlog spacing’s.
@etconp
👍8❤1
👉 INTERCON Construction Chemicals
● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat
● Concrete Repair Mortar
● Floor hardener, Epoxy
● Grout, Self-level mortar
● Quartz paint, Contextra
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
● Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
☎️ Tel: 0961955555
🔹 Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital
🔹 Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza
● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat
● Concrete Repair Mortar
● Floor hardener, Epoxy
● Grout, Self-level mortar
● Quartz paint, Contextra
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
● Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
☎️ Tel: 0961955555
🔹 Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital
🔹 Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza
❤5
👉Multi-Sport Court Dimension Guide
1. Ball Sports Fields
📌Basketball Court: 26m×14m (with buffer zone, recommend 30m×18m).
A basketball court is a common sports venue with standard dimensions of 26 meters by 14 meters.
It is recommended to add a buffer zone to reach 30 meters by 18 meters.
📌Volleyball Court: 18m×9m (an 8m obstacle-free area is required beyond the end line).
The volleyball court measures 18 meters by 9 meters, with an 8-meter obstacle-free area required beyond the end line.
📌Tennis Court: 23.77m×10.97m (for doubles, including buffer zone it requires 36.6m×18.3m).
A tennis court is the standard size for doubles matches, with dimensions of 36.6 meters by 18.3 meters when including the buffer zone.
📌Badminton Court: 13.4m×6.1m (singles is 5.18m wide, with a 1.5m safety distance required around the perimeter).
The singles width of a badminton court is 5.18 meters, requiring a safety distance around the perimeter.
2. Water Sports Fields
📌Short Pool: 25m×12.5m (recommended depth ≥1.35m).
The standard size for a short pool is 25 meters by 12.5 meters, with a recommended depth of at least 1.35 meters.
📌Standard Pool: 50m×25m (Olympic specification, requires 2.5m lanes).
The standard pool size is 50 meters by 25 meters, suitable for Olympic specifications, and requires 2.5-meter lanes.
3. Track and Field Sport Fields
📌Football Soccer Field: 105m×68m (11-a-side international standard).
The soccer field dimensions are 105 meters by 68 meters, the international standard for 11-a-side matches.
📌400m Track: 176m×98m (8-lane track with a 36.5m radius curve).
The 400m track dimensions are 176 meters by 98 meters, suitable for an 8-lane track with a curve radius of 36.5 meters.
📌200m Track: 93.1m×50.6m (common 6-lane configuration for primary and secondary schools).
The 200m track dimensions are 93.1 meters by 50.6 meters, a common 6-lane configuration for primary and secondary schools.
⭐️Planning and Design Guide:
1. All dimensions are for the competition area net size and require an external buffer zone (recommend ≥3m).
Design must consider the net size of the competition area and expand with a buffer zone.
2. Pay attention to the orientation of the field: a north-south layout avoids direct sunlight.
When laying out the field, orientation should be considered to avoid direct sunlight affecting the competition.
3. For multi-use fields, it is recommended to stack functions (e.g., a basketball court that can also be used for badminton).
To improve field utilization, consider stacking different functions.
4. Pools need separate changing/disenfection areas (with auxiliary space at a 1:1 ratio).
Pool design requires separate changing and disinfection areas.
5. Soccer fields need to consider lawn slope (0.3%-0.5% drainage slope). Soccer field lawn design must consider drainage slope.
@etconp
1. Ball Sports Fields
📌Basketball Court: 26m×14m (with buffer zone, recommend 30m×18m).
A basketball court is a common sports venue with standard dimensions of 26 meters by 14 meters.
It is recommended to add a buffer zone to reach 30 meters by 18 meters.
📌Volleyball Court: 18m×9m (an 8m obstacle-free area is required beyond the end line).
The volleyball court measures 18 meters by 9 meters, with an 8-meter obstacle-free area required beyond the end line.
📌Tennis Court: 23.77m×10.97m (for doubles, including buffer zone it requires 36.6m×18.3m).
A tennis court is the standard size for doubles matches, with dimensions of 36.6 meters by 18.3 meters when including the buffer zone.
📌Badminton Court: 13.4m×6.1m (singles is 5.18m wide, with a 1.5m safety distance required around the perimeter).
The singles width of a badminton court is 5.18 meters, requiring a safety distance around the perimeter.
2. Water Sports Fields
📌Short Pool: 25m×12.5m (recommended depth ≥1.35m).
The standard size for a short pool is 25 meters by 12.5 meters, with a recommended depth of at least 1.35 meters.
📌Standard Pool: 50m×25m (Olympic specification, requires 2.5m lanes).
The standard pool size is 50 meters by 25 meters, suitable for Olympic specifications, and requires 2.5-meter lanes.
3. Track and Field Sport Fields
📌Football Soccer Field: 105m×68m (11-a-side international standard).
The soccer field dimensions are 105 meters by 68 meters, the international standard for 11-a-side matches.
📌400m Track: 176m×98m (8-lane track with a 36.5m radius curve).
The 400m track dimensions are 176 meters by 98 meters, suitable for an 8-lane track with a curve radius of 36.5 meters.
📌200m Track: 93.1m×50.6m (common 6-lane configuration for primary and secondary schools).
The 200m track dimensions are 93.1 meters by 50.6 meters, a common 6-lane configuration for primary and secondary schools.
⭐️Planning and Design Guide:
1. All dimensions are for the competition area net size and require an external buffer zone (recommend ≥3m).
Design must consider the net size of the competition area and expand with a buffer zone.
2. Pay attention to the orientation of the field: a north-south layout avoids direct sunlight.
When laying out the field, orientation should be considered to avoid direct sunlight affecting the competition.
3. For multi-use fields, it is recommended to stack functions (e.g., a basketball court that can also be used for badminton).
To improve field utilization, consider stacking different functions.
4. Pools need separate changing/disenfection areas (with auxiliary space at a 1:1 ratio).
Pool design requires separate changing and disinfection areas.
5. Soccer fields need to consider lawn slope (0.3%-0.5% drainage slope). Soccer field lawn design must consider drainage slope.
@etconp
❤10
👉ከዚህ በታች Specification (ቴክኒካል መግለጫ) እና Bill of Quantity (BOQ) (የመጠን እና ዋጋ ዝርዝር) እንደሚከተለው ቀርቧል።
እንደምትወዱት አልጠራጠርም አንብባቹ ስትጨርሱ እንደተለመደው ሼር ይደረግ🙏
▢ 1. Specification (ቴክኒካል መግለጫ)
ትርጉም
Specification (ቴክኒካል መግለጫ) ማለት በኮንስትራክሽን ሥራ ውስጥ የሚጠቀሙ እቃዎች፣ የሥራ ጥራት፣ የአሰራር ዘዴ፣ መስፈርቶች እና መመሪያዎችን የሚገልጽ የጽሑፍ ሰነድ ነው።
Specification የሚገልጸው ሥራው እንዴት መሰራት እንዳለበት ነው፤ መጠን አይገልጽም።
የSpecification አላማ
✅ የእቃ እና የሥራ ጥራት መግለጽ
✅ የኢንጂነሪንግ መስፈርቶች ማረጋገጥ
✅ ግልጽ የሥራ መመሪያ መስጠት
✅ በኮንትራክተር እና በክላይንት መካከል ክርክር መከላከል
✅ የጥራት ቁጥጥር ማረጋገጥ
የSpecification አይነቶች
1. General Specification (አጠቃላይ መግለጫ)
የእቃዎችን እና የሥራን ጥራት በአጠቃላይ ይገልጻል፤ ዝርዝር አይደለም።
ምሳሌ:
ሲሚንቶ Ordinary Portland Cement መሆን አለበት
አሸዋ ንፁህ መሆን አለበት
ኮንክሪት በትክክል መድረቅ (curing) አለበት
የሚጠቀሙበት:
✅ ለቅድመ ግምት
✅ ለአጠቃላይ መረጃ
2. Detailed Specification (ዝርዝር መግለጫ)
የእቃዎችን፣ የሚክስ ሬሾ፣ የሥራ ዘዴ እና ሁሉንም ዝርዝር ይገልጻል።
ይይዛል:
✅ የእቃ አይነት
✅ የሚክስ ሬሾ
✅ የሥራ ዘዴ
✅ የመሳሪያ አይነት
✅ የcuring ጊዜ
✅ የፈተና መስፈርቶች
ምሳሌ (Concrete):
Cement: OPC
Mix ratio: 1:2:4
Water-cement ratio: 0.45–0.6
Curing: 7 ቀን
Method: Machine mixing
የSpecification ክፍሎች
1. የሥራ መግለጫ
የሚሰራውን ሥራ ይገልጻል
ምሳሌ:
Reinforced concrete slab
2. የእቃ መስፈርት
የእቃዎችን ጥራት ይገልጻል
ምሳሌ:
የሲሚንቶ grade
የብረት grade
የaggregate size
3. Workmanship (የሥራ ጥራት)
ሥራው እንዴት መሰራት እንዳለበት ይገልጻል።
ምሳሌ:
Concrete በደንብ መጨነቅ
Formwork ትክክል መሆን
4. የሥራ ዘዴ
ምሳሌ:
✅ Mixing method
✅ Placing method
✅ Compaction method
5. የጥራት ቁጥጥር
ምሳሌ:
✅ Slump test
✅ Strength test
6. የመለኪያ ዘዴ
ምሳሌ:
Concrete → m³
▢ 2. Bill of Quantity (BOQ) (የመጠን እና ዋጋ ዝርዝር)
ትርጉም
BOQ ማለት የሁሉንም የኮንስትራክሽን ሥራዎች መጠን፣ unit፣ rate እና total cost የሚያሳይ ሰነድ ነው።
✅ BOQ የሚገልጸው:
✅ ምን ያህል ሥራ እንዳለ
✅ ምን ያህል ዋጋ እንደሚያስፈልግ
የBOQ አላማ
✅ የፕሮጀክት ዋጋ መግለጽ
✅ ኮንትራክተሮች bidding እንዲያደርጉ
✅ የዋጋ ንጽጽር
✅ የዋጋ ቁጥጥር
✅ የክፍያ ስሌት
የBOQ ክፍሎች
1. Description (የሥራ መግለጫ)
ምሳሌ:
✅ Excavation
✅ Concrete work
2. Unit (መለኪያ)
ምሳሌ:
☑️ m³ → Excavation, Concrete
☑️ m² → Plaster
☑️ m → Pipe
☑️ kg → Steel
3. Quantity (መጠን)
ከdrawing ይሰላል
4. Rate (ዋጋ)
ለአንድ unit ዋጋ
ይይዛል:
✅ Material cost
✅ Labor cost
✅ Equipment cost
✅ Profit
5. Amount (ጠቅላላ ዋጋ)
በSpecification እና BOQ መካከል ያለ ልዩነት
Specification
✅ የሥራ ጥራት ይገልጻል
✅ እንዴት መሰራት እንዳለበት
✅ ቴክኒካል ሰነድ
BOQ:
✅ መጠን እና ዋጋ ይገልጻል
✅ ምን ያህል እንደሆነ ይገልፃል
✅ ፋይናንስ ሰነድ
ግንኙነታቸው
✅ Specification → እንዴት መሰራት
✅ BOQ → ምን ያህል እና ዋጋ
አጠቃላይ ማጠቃለያ
✅ Specification → እንዴት መስራት
✅ BOQ → መጠን እና ዋጋ
Via Mekamu Mohammed
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https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG
@etconp
እንደምትወዱት አልጠራጠርም አንብባቹ ስትጨርሱ እንደተለመደው ሼር ይደረግ🙏
▢ 1. Specification (ቴክኒካል መግለጫ)
ትርጉም
Specification (ቴክኒካል መግለጫ) ማለት በኮንስትራክሽን ሥራ ውስጥ የሚጠቀሙ እቃዎች፣ የሥራ ጥራት፣ የአሰራር ዘዴ፣ መስፈርቶች እና መመሪያዎችን የሚገልጽ የጽሑፍ ሰነድ ነው።
Specification የሚገልጸው ሥራው እንዴት መሰራት እንዳለበት ነው፤ መጠን አይገልጽም።
የSpecification አላማ
✅ የእቃ እና የሥራ ጥራት መግለጽ
✅ የኢንጂነሪንግ መስፈርቶች ማረጋገጥ
✅ ግልጽ የሥራ መመሪያ መስጠት
✅ በኮንትራክተር እና በክላይንት መካከል ክርክር መከላከል
✅ የጥራት ቁጥጥር ማረጋገጥ
የSpecification አይነቶች
1. General Specification (አጠቃላይ መግለጫ)
የእቃዎችን እና የሥራን ጥራት በአጠቃላይ ይገልጻል፤ ዝርዝር አይደለም።
ምሳሌ:
ሲሚንቶ Ordinary Portland Cement መሆን አለበት
አሸዋ ንፁህ መሆን አለበት
ኮንክሪት በትክክል መድረቅ (curing) አለበት
የሚጠቀሙበት:
✅ ለቅድመ ግምት
✅ ለአጠቃላይ መረጃ
2. Detailed Specification (ዝርዝር መግለጫ)
የእቃዎችን፣ የሚክስ ሬሾ፣ የሥራ ዘዴ እና ሁሉንም ዝርዝር ይገልጻል።
ይይዛል:
✅ የእቃ አይነት
✅ የሚክስ ሬሾ
✅ የሥራ ዘዴ
✅ የመሳሪያ አይነት
✅ የcuring ጊዜ
✅ የፈተና መስፈርቶች
ምሳሌ (Concrete):
Cement: OPC
Mix ratio: 1:2:4
Water-cement ratio: 0.45–0.6
Curing: 7 ቀን
Method: Machine mixing
የSpecification ክፍሎች
1. የሥራ መግለጫ
የሚሰራውን ሥራ ይገልጻል
ምሳሌ:
Reinforced concrete slab
2. የእቃ መስፈርት
የእቃዎችን ጥራት ይገልጻል
ምሳሌ:
የሲሚንቶ grade
የብረት grade
የaggregate size
3. Workmanship (የሥራ ጥራት)
ሥራው እንዴት መሰራት እንዳለበት ይገልጻል።
ምሳሌ:
Concrete በደንብ መጨነቅ
Formwork ትክክል መሆን
4. የሥራ ዘዴ
ምሳሌ:
✅ Mixing method
✅ Placing method
✅ Compaction method
5. የጥራት ቁጥጥር
ምሳሌ:
✅ Slump test
✅ Strength test
6. የመለኪያ ዘዴ
ምሳሌ:
Concrete → m³
▢ 2. Bill of Quantity (BOQ) (የመጠን እና ዋጋ ዝርዝር)
ትርጉም
BOQ ማለት የሁሉንም የኮንስትራክሽን ሥራዎች መጠን፣ unit፣ rate እና total cost የሚያሳይ ሰነድ ነው።
✅ BOQ የሚገልጸው:
✅ ምን ያህል ሥራ እንዳለ
✅ ምን ያህል ዋጋ እንደሚያስፈልግ
የBOQ አላማ
✅ የፕሮጀክት ዋጋ መግለጽ
✅ ኮንትራክተሮች bidding እንዲያደርጉ
✅ የዋጋ ንጽጽር
✅ የዋጋ ቁጥጥር
✅ የክፍያ ስሌት
የBOQ ክፍሎች
1. Description (የሥራ መግለጫ)
ምሳሌ:
✅ Excavation
✅ Concrete work
2. Unit (መለኪያ)
ምሳሌ:
☑️ m³ → Excavation, Concrete
☑️ m² → Plaster
☑️ m → Pipe
☑️ kg → Steel
3. Quantity (መጠን)
ከdrawing ይሰላል
4. Rate (ዋጋ)
ለአንድ unit ዋጋ
ይይዛል:
✅ Material cost
✅ Labor cost
✅ Equipment cost
✅ Profit
5. Amount (ጠቅላላ ዋጋ)
በSpecification እና BOQ መካከል ያለ ልዩነት
Specification
✅ የሥራ ጥራት ይገልጻል
✅ እንዴት መሰራት እንዳለበት
✅ ቴክኒካል ሰነድ
BOQ:
✅ መጠን እና ዋጋ ይገልጻል
✅ ምን ያህል እንደሆነ ይገልፃል
✅ ፋይናንስ ሰነድ
ግንኙነታቸው
✅ Specification → እንዴት መሰራት
✅ BOQ → ምን ያህል እና ዋጋ
አጠቃላይ ማጠቃለያ
✅ Specification → እንዴት መስራት
✅ BOQ → መጠን እና ዋጋ
Via Mekamu Mohammed
🏷የ YouTube ገፃችን ለመቀላቀል ከታች ባለው ሊንክ በመግባት SubScribe አርገው ቤተሰብ ይሁኑ👇
https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG
@etconp
❤30👍8
The ratio of the quantity of water stored in the root zone of the crops to the quantity of water actually delivered in the field is known as
Anonymous Quiz
18%
Water use efficiency
28%
Water conveyance efficiency
24%
Water application efficiency
30%
Water storage efficiency
❤4👍1
Which type of fall can be generally used for all moderate discharge of 40 to 60 cumecs and low fall height of 1 to 1.5 m
Anonymous Quiz
39%
Vertical drop fall
37%
Ogee fall
13%
Glacis fall
11%
Baffle fall
👍4❤2
If the radius of the circular curve is 5 times the length of the transaction curves then the spiral angle is given by
Anonymous Poll
40%
1/5
26%
1/10
29%
1/20
5%
1/40
👍4
20) As per IS 516:1959 which of the following is the correct size of flexural strength test specimen made of concrete?
Anonymous Quiz
57%
(a) 150x150 × 500 mm
11%
(b) 100 x 100 × 700 mm
23%
(c) 150 x 150 × 700 mm
9%
(d) 100 x 100 × 400 mm
❤4👏3
The coefficient of uniformity (Cu) and coefficient of curvature (Cc) for a well graded sand should be
Anonymous Quiz
40%
Cu must be greater than 4 and Cc must be between 1 and 3
31%
Cu must be greater than 6 and Cc must be between 1 and 3
22%
Cu must be greater than 2 and Cc must be equal to 1
8%
Cu must be less than 2 and Cc must be greater than 1
👍2
The settlement of a pile group placed in Sandy soil should
Anonymous Quiz
24%
Be less than 30 mm
25%
Be less than 40 mm
41%
Not exceed 10 times the settlement of a single pile
10%
Not exceed 16 times the settlement of a single pile
❤3👏2
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https://go.runamatix.com/5BO
https://go.runamatix.com/5BO
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