The ratio of maximum shear stress to average shear stress of circular beam is _______.
Anonymous Quiz
33%
2/3
16%
1
22%
4/3
28%
ยพ
โค9๐2
The structure which supports externally applied load by developing tension in it is called
Anonymous Quiz
16%
Plate
52%
Cable
10%
Shell
22%
Arch
๐8
The process of making the back ground rough before plastering is
Anonymous Quiz
19%
Dubbing
28%
Hacking
34%
Blisting
20%
Peeling
๐6
The property of a liquid which offers resistance to the movement of one layer of liquid over another adjacent layer of liquid is called _______.
Anonymous Quiz
12%
Compressibility
19%
Capillary
19%
Surface tension
51%
Viscosity
๐5โค1๐ฅฐ1
โค9
The hydrostatic force acts through
Anonymous Quiz
60%
Center of pressure
10%
Metacentric
9%
Center of top edge
21%
Center of bottom edge
โค5
_______ is the part of building constructed above the plinth level(grade beam).
Anonymous Quiz
81%
Superstructure
11%
Substructure
3%
Foundation
5%
Plinth
โค8๐ฅ4
๐ แ แ แฒแต แ แ แฃ แแแ แ แตแแแขแแฝ แจแ แซแฐแแฝแ แฐแ
แแแต แจแแแฃแ แญ แฃแแแซ แฅแแฒแแตแก แแฐแจแ แแ
๐งแ แ แฒแต แ แ แฃ แจแฐแ แแแ แจแแซแตแแแก แจแ แซแฐแแฝแ แฐแ แแแตแ แจแแแฃแ แญ แฃแแแซ แฅแแฒแแตแก แฅแแฐแแแฐแฑแฃ แจแจแฐแแ แจแแแฃแณ แแแตแ แแฅแฅแญ แฃแแฅแแฃแ แ แตแณแแแกแก
๐แจแ แฒแต แ แ แฃ แจแฐแ แ แตแฐแณแฐแญ แจแแแฃแณ แแแตแ แแฅแฅแญ แฃแแฅแแฃแ แแญแตแ แแ แณแญแฌแญแฐแญ แ แ แ แฅแธแฑ (แขแแแแญ) แแชแแญแฐแญ แฅแแฐแแแนแตแฃ แ แฅแซ แแญ แจแแซแแฅแ แแตแ แแแจแแจแแ แจแแแฃแณ แฐแ แแแต แแ แจแณแ แ แตแแแแแตแ แแแจแแแฅ แจแแแ แ แตแแแขแแฝ แ แแญแ แจแ แแ แ แจแฐแ แแแต แฃแแแซ แฅแแฒแแฅแฉ แญแแฐแณแแกแก
๐ซแญแ แ แแแตแจแ แจแแซแตแฝแ แแแญแซ แฅแแฐแแแฃ แแแธแแฃ แฅแซแแณแแฑ แจแแแฃแณ แฆแณ แ แแ แฐแฐแแ แจแฐแ แแแต แฃแแแซ แญแแจแแ แฅแแแแกแก
๐ แฐแจแแช แซแแฅแก: https://ethiopianreporter.com/153509/
@etconp
๐งแ แ แฒแต แ แ แฃ แจแฐแ แแแ แจแแซแตแแแก แจแ แซแฐแแฝแ แฐแ แแแตแ แจแแแฃแ แญ แฃแแแซ แฅแแฒแแตแก แฅแแฐแแแฐแฑแฃ แจแจแฐแแ แจแแแฃแณ แแแตแ แแฅแฅแญ แฃแแฅแแฃแ แ แตแณแแแกแก
๐แจแ แฒแต แ แ แฃ แจแฐแ แ แตแฐแณแฐแญ แจแแแฃแณ แแแตแ แแฅแฅแญ แฃแแฅแแฃแ แแญแตแ แแ แณแญแฌแญแฐแญ แ แ แ แฅแธแฑ (แขแแแแญ) แแชแแญแฐแญ แฅแแฐแแแนแตแฃ แ แฅแซ แแญ แจแแซแแฅแ แแตแ แแแจแแจแแ แจแแแฃแณ แฐแ แแแต แแ แจแณแ แ แตแแแแแตแ แแแจแแแฅ แจแแแ แ แตแแแขแแฝ แ แแญแ แจแ แแ แ แจแฐแ แแแต แฃแแแซ แฅแแฒแแฅแฉ แญแแฐแณแแกแก
๐ซแญแ แ แแแตแจแ แจแแซแตแฝแ แแแญแซ แฅแแฐแแแฃ แแแธแแฃ แฅแซแแณแแฑ แจแแแฃแณ แฆแณ แ แแ แฐแฐแแ แจแฐแ แแแต แฃแแแซ แญแแจแแ แฅแแแแกแก
๐ แฐแจแแช แซแแฅแก: https://ethiopianreporter.com/153509/
@etconp
โค5๐3
๐ INTERCON Construction Chemicals
โ Concrete Admixtures
โ Bonding Agents
โ Waterproofings
โ Wall Putty, Prime Coat
โ Concrete Repair Mortar
โ Floor hardener, Epoxy
โ Grout, Self-level mortar
โ Quartz paint, Contextra
โ Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
โ Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
โ๏ธ Tel: 0961955555
๐น Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital
๐น Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza
โ Concrete Admixtures
โ Bonding Agents
โ Waterproofings
โ Wall Putty, Prime Coat
โ Concrete Repair Mortar
โ Floor hardener, Epoxy
โ Grout, Self-level mortar
โ Quartz paint, Contextra
โ Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
โ Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
โ๏ธ Tel: 0961955555
๐น Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital
๐น Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza
โค6
๐Road Lane Marking in driving :
๐งโ1. Solid White Line
๐ซโMeaning: This marks the edge of a lane or a separation between lanes moving in the same direction where lane changing is hazardous.
โก๏ธโRule: No lane changing allowed. You must stay in your current lane until the line changes to a broken pattern.
๐งโ2. Broken White Line
๐ซโMeaning: These are standard dividers for multi-lane roads.
โก๏ธโRule: Lane change permitted. You may cross these lines to change lanes or overtake, provided you have signaled and it is safe to do so.
๐งโ3. Double Solid Yellow Line
๐ซโMeaning: These are typically found on two-way roads to separate opposing traffic.
โก๏ธโRule: No overtaking from either side. It is strictly prohibited to cross these lines to pass another vehicle. They act as a "virtual wall" for safety.
๐งโ4. Broken Yellow Line
๐ซโMeaning: Used on two-way roads where visibility is clear enough for safe maneuvering.
โก๏ธโRule: Passing allowed with caution. You may cross into the opposing lane to overtake a slower vehicle, but only when the road ahead is clear of oncoming traffic.
๐งโ5. Zebra Crossing
๐ซโMeaning: A series of broad white stripes painted across the road.
โก๏ธโRule: This is a pedestrian crossing zone. In many jurisdictions, motorists are legally required to yield or stop for pedestrians who have stepped onto the crossing.
๐งโ6. Stop Line
๐ซโMeaning: A thick white transverse bar located at intersections or before traffic signals.
โก๏ธโRule: Vehicles must stop completely behind this line. It ensures that cars do not nose into the intersection, keeping the path clear for cross-traffic and pedestrians.
@etconp
๐งโ1. Solid White Line
๐ซโMeaning: This marks the edge of a lane or a separation between lanes moving in the same direction where lane changing is hazardous.
โก๏ธโRule: No lane changing allowed. You must stay in your current lane until the line changes to a broken pattern.
๐งโ2. Broken White Line
๐ซโMeaning: These are standard dividers for multi-lane roads.
โก๏ธโRule: Lane change permitted. You may cross these lines to change lanes or overtake, provided you have signaled and it is safe to do so.
๐งโ3. Double Solid Yellow Line
๐ซโMeaning: These are typically found on two-way roads to separate opposing traffic.
โก๏ธโRule: No overtaking from either side. It is strictly prohibited to cross these lines to pass another vehicle. They act as a "virtual wall" for safety.
๐งโ4. Broken Yellow Line
๐ซโMeaning: Used on two-way roads where visibility is clear enough for safe maneuvering.
โก๏ธโRule: Passing allowed with caution. You may cross into the opposing lane to overtake a slower vehicle, but only when the road ahead is clear of oncoming traffic.
๐งโ5. Zebra Crossing
๐ซโMeaning: A series of broad white stripes painted across the road.
โก๏ธโRule: This is a pedestrian crossing zone. In many jurisdictions, motorists are legally required to yield or stop for pedestrians who have stepped onto the crossing.
๐งโ6. Stop Line
๐ซโMeaning: A thick white transverse bar located at intersections or before traffic signals.
โก๏ธโRule: Vehicles must stop completely behind this line. It ensures that cars do not nose into the intersection, keeping the path clear for cross-traffic and pedestrians.
@etconp
๐7โค6
#ADVERTISEMENT
๐๏ธ แฅแซแต แซแแธแ แแฎแแฝ
๐ซแ แฐแแฃแฃแ แแ แแแแต แญแแแแ?
๐งแจแ แญแแ!
๐ทแ แแแ แตแฌแฒแแ แ/แจแฐ/แจแแ แตแญแ แต
| แแฃแ แ แ แญแฆแต | แณแแ แ แแแแแต!
โ๏ธContact us
๐+251931639484
๐Address:Addis Ababa
๐๏ธ แฅแซแต แซแแธแ แแฎแแฝ
๐ซแ แฐแแฃแฃแ แแ แแแแต แญแแแแ?
๐งแจแ แญแแ!
๐ทแ แแแ แตแฌแฒแแ แ/แจแฐ/แจแแ แตแญแ แต
| แแฃแ แ แ แญแฆแต | แณแแ แ แแแแแต!
โ๏ธContact us
๐+251931639484
๐Address:Addis Ababa
โค3
๐แจ mat foundation แ แญแแถแฝ
๐ท1. Flat plate - แฅแแฐ แแต แแแแดแฝแ แแ แแ แ แแแ แแซแญแแ แตแ แฆแณ แญแธแแแแข
โบแฅแจแต แฐแแ แฎแแ แฅแ แบแญ แแ แซแแ แต แแญ spacing แแฅแ แฅ (แฅแจแต แจแแญ แแจแ)
๐ท2. Plate thickened under the column
โบแจ แฎแแแน แแแฃแ แญแฅแฐแต แ แถแแณแ แแแจแต แฅแป แแแแแแ แซแแปแแ แจแฎแแแนแ แจแตแ แจ แถแแณแ แตแญ แฅแแแฑแ แฅแแจแแซแแ
๐ท3. Piled raft foundation
โบแแณแฝแ แ pile แขแฐแแ แแญ แฅแแฐ pile cap แแ แแ แฅแแแต แจแแแ shallow
๐ท4. Beam and slab two way raft foundation
โบแถแแณแฝแ แแญ แแฌแต แขแ แฒแจแ แจแฅ แ แญแแต แแแญ
๐ท5. Ridged /cellular raft foundation
โบแแแแดแฝแแ แฅแแฐ แคแแแแต แตแแ แแแ
๐ท6. Plate with pedestal
- แฎแแแน แแญ แจ แถแแณแ แ แแญ แฎแญแป แฒแแจแ
@etconp
๐ท1. Flat plate - แฅแแฐ แแต แแแแดแฝแ แแ แแ แ แแแ แแซแญแแ แตแ แฆแณ แญแธแแแแข
โบแฅแจแต แฐแแ แฎแแ แฅแ แบแญ แแ แซแแ แต แแญ spacing แแฅแ แฅ (แฅแจแต แจแแญ แแจแ)
๐ท2. Plate thickened under the column
โบแจ แฎแแแน แแแฃแ แญแฅแฐแต แ แถแแณแ แแแจแต แฅแป แแแแแแ แซแแปแแ แจแฎแแแนแ แจแตแ แจ แถแแณแ แตแญ แฅแแแฑแ แฅแแจแแซแแ
๐ท3. Piled raft foundation
โบแแณแฝแ แ pile แขแฐแแ แแญ แฅแแฐ pile cap แแ แแ แฅแแแต แจแแแ shallow
๐ท4. Beam and slab two way raft foundation
โบแถแแณแฝแ แแญ แแฌแต แขแ แฒแจแ แจแฅ แ แญแแต แแแญ
๐ท5. Ridged /cellular raft foundation
โบแแแแดแฝแแ แฅแแฐ แคแแแแต แตแแ แแแ
๐ท6. Plate with pedestal
- แฎแแแน แแญ แจ แถแแณแ แ แแญ แฎแญแป แฒแแจแ
@etconp
โค6
๐Top Software for Civil Engineers
โญ๏ธDesign & Drafting
๐AutoCAD โ 2D drafting & construction drawings
๐SketchUp โ Simple 3D modeling & visualization
๐Revit โ BIM modeling & 3D building design
โญ๏ธStructural Analysis & Design
๐ETABS โ Multi-story building analysis & design
๐STAAD Pro โ Structural analysis & design
๐SAP2000 โ Advanced structural analysis
๐SAFE โ Slab & foundation design
๐Tekla Structures โ Steel structure modeling
โญ๏ธCivil & Infrastructure Design
๐Autodesk Civil 3D โ Roads, land development, and water system design
๐Plaxis โ Geotechnical & soil analysis
๐HEC-RAS โ River & flood hydraulic analysis
โญ๏ธProject Management & Coordination
๐Primavera P6 โ Construction project planning
๐Microsoft Project โ Project scheduling & control
๐Autodesk Navisworks โ BIM coordination & clash detection
โญ๏ธVisualization & Presentation
๐Lumion โ 3D rendering & realistic visualization
โญ๏ธData & Calculation Tools
๐Microsoft Excel โ Engineering calculation & data analysis
๐ArcGIS โ GIS mapping & spatial analysis.
@etconp
โญ๏ธDesign & Drafting
๐AutoCAD โ 2D drafting & construction drawings
๐SketchUp โ Simple 3D modeling & visualization
๐Revit โ BIM modeling & 3D building design
โญ๏ธStructural Analysis & Design
๐ETABS โ Multi-story building analysis & design
๐STAAD Pro โ Structural analysis & design
๐SAP2000 โ Advanced structural analysis
๐SAFE โ Slab & foundation design
๐Tekla Structures โ Steel structure modeling
โญ๏ธCivil & Infrastructure Design
๐Autodesk Civil 3D โ Roads, land development, and water system design
๐Plaxis โ Geotechnical & soil analysis
๐HEC-RAS โ River & flood hydraulic analysis
โญ๏ธProject Management & Coordination
๐Primavera P6 โ Construction project planning
๐Microsoft Project โ Project scheduling & control
๐Autodesk Navisworks โ BIM coordination & clash detection
โญ๏ธVisualization & Presentation
๐Lumion โ 3D rendering & realistic visualization
โญ๏ธData & Calculation Tools
๐Microsoft Excel โ Engineering calculation & data analysis
๐ArcGIS โ GIS mapping & spatial analysis.
@etconp
โค7๐4๐ฅ1
๐ What is contract administration ?
๐ทContract administration is a process that ensures the successful completion of the project under consideration with substantial compliance of the term of the contract.
๐Major activities of contract administration.
1. Identify contractual responsibility (reviewing the terms of contract documents)
2. Review submitted schedule and breakdowns for operation such as resources, schedule and time breakdowns
3. Reporting project status daily and/or periodically.
4. Administer contract variation orders.
5. Mediate disputes
๐งFor more information click this Link Below And Subscribe Our YouTube Channel๐
https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG
@etconp
๐ทContract administration is a process that ensures the successful completion of the project under consideration with substantial compliance of the term of the contract.
๐Major activities of contract administration.
1. Identify contractual responsibility (reviewing the terms of contract documents)
2. Review submitted schedule and breakdowns for operation such as resources, schedule and time breakdowns
3. Reporting project status daily and/or periodically.
4. Administer contract variation orders.
5. Mediate disputes
๐งFor more information click this Link Below And Subscribe Our YouTube Channel๐
https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG
@etconp
โค9๐6
๐List of Africaโs major dams by size and power generation:
๐ Largest Dams in Africa (by Reservoir Size & Power Capacity)
1. Kariba Dam (Lake Kariba) โ Zambia/Zimbabwe
โข Reservoir: 180 billion mยณ (largest by volume)
โข Height: 128 m
โข Power: 1,830 MW
2. Akosombo Dam (Lake Volta) โ Ghana
โข Reservoir: 148 billion mยณ (largest by surface area, 8,500 kmยฒ)
โข Height: 114 m
โข Power: 1,020 MW
3. Aswan High Dam (Lake Nasser) โ Egypt
โข Reservoir: 132 billion mยณ
โข Height: 111 m
โข Power: 2,100 MW
4. Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) โ Ethiopia
โข Reservoir: 74 billion mยณ
โข Height: 145 m
โข Power: 5,150โ6,450 MW (largest in Africa)
5. Cahora Bassa Dam โ Mozambique
โข Reservoir: 63 billion mยณ
โข Height: 171 m
โข Power: 2,075 MW
6. Gibe III Dam โ Ethiopia
โข Reservoir: 14 billion mยณ
โข Height: 243 m (tallest in Africa)
โข Power: 1,870 MW
7. Inga Dams (I & II, future Inga III/Grand Inga) โ DRC
โข Reservoir: ~18 billion mยณ (current)
โข Height: 52โ96 m
โข Power: 1,775 MW now, up to 40,000 MW planned
8. Kainji Dam โ Nigeria
โข Reservoir: 15 billion mยณ
โข Height: 65 m
โข Power: 760 MW
9. Katse Dam โ Lesotho
โข Reservoir: 2 billion mยณ
โข Height: 185 m
โข Power: 72 MW (mainly for water supply project)
10. Massingir Dam โ Mozambique
โข Reservoir: 2.8 billion mยณ
โข Height: 48 m
โข Power: ~25 MW (minor, mainly irrigation & flood control)
๐งFor more information click this Link Below And Subscribe Our YouTube Channel๐
https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG
@etconp
๐ Largest Dams in Africa (by Reservoir Size & Power Capacity)
1. Kariba Dam (Lake Kariba) โ Zambia/Zimbabwe
โข Reservoir: 180 billion mยณ (largest by volume)
โข Height: 128 m
โข Power: 1,830 MW
2. Akosombo Dam (Lake Volta) โ Ghana
โข Reservoir: 148 billion mยณ (largest by surface area, 8,500 kmยฒ)
โข Height: 114 m
โข Power: 1,020 MW
3. Aswan High Dam (Lake Nasser) โ Egypt
โข Reservoir: 132 billion mยณ
โข Height: 111 m
โข Power: 2,100 MW
4. Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) โ Ethiopia
โข Reservoir: 74 billion mยณ
โข Height: 145 m
โข Power: 5,150โ6,450 MW (largest in Africa)
5. Cahora Bassa Dam โ Mozambique
โข Reservoir: 63 billion mยณ
โข Height: 171 m
โข Power: 2,075 MW
6. Gibe III Dam โ Ethiopia
โข Reservoir: 14 billion mยณ
โข Height: 243 m (tallest in Africa)
โข Power: 1,870 MW
7. Inga Dams (I & II, future Inga III/Grand Inga) โ DRC
โข Reservoir: ~18 billion mยณ (current)
โข Height: 52โ96 m
โข Power: 1,775 MW now, up to 40,000 MW planned
8. Kainji Dam โ Nigeria
โข Reservoir: 15 billion mยณ
โข Height: 65 m
โข Power: 760 MW
9. Katse Dam โ Lesotho
โข Reservoir: 2 billion mยณ
โข Height: 185 m
โข Power: 72 MW (mainly for water supply project)
10. Massingir Dam โ Mozambique
โข Reservoir: 2.8 billion mยณ
โข Height: 48 m
โข Power: ~25 MW (minor, mainly irrigation & flood control)
๐งFor more information click this Link Below And Subscribe Our YouTube Channel๐
https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG
@etconp
โค9๐2
๐ Staircase Dimensions & Layout
- Total horizontal length: 3.15 m
- First straight segment length: 2.25 m
- Tread depth (step width): 0.25 m
- Riser height (step rise): 0.17 m
๐ Vertical Heights
- Overall vertical rise: 3.12 m
- Winding section rise: 0.95 m
- Upper straight section rise: 1.90 m
โฟ Section Widths
- Winding section width: 1.15 m
- Upper straight section width: 0.90 m
๐ ๏ธ Structural Notes
- Combination of straight flight + winding steps.
- Proportions follow standard comfort ratios (tread 0.25 m, riser 0.17 m).
- Grid background helps in precise scaling and alignment.
๐ด Staircase Structural Sketch
This detailed staircase sketch presents a practical layout combining a straight flight with a quarter-turn (winder) section. Designed with precise dimensions, it clearly shows tread (0.25 m), riser (0.17 m), and total height (3.12 m), making it ideal for site execution and learning purposes.
@etconp
- Total horizontal length: 3.15 m
- First straight segment length: 2.25 m
- Tread depth (step width): 0.25 m
- Riser height (step rise): 0.17 m
๐ Vertical Heights
- Overall vertical rise: 3.12 m
- Winding section rise: 0.95 m
- Upper straight section rise: 1.90 m
โฟ Section Widths
- Winding section width: 1.15 m
- Upper straight section width: 0.90 m
๐ ๏ธ Structural Notes
- Combination of straight flight + winding steps.
- Proportions follow standard comfort ratios (tread 0.25 m, riser 0.17 m).
- Grid background helps in precise scaling and alignment.
๐ด Staircase Structural Sketch
This detailed staircase sketch presents a practical layout combining a straight flight with a quarter-turn (winder) section. Designed with precise dimensions, it clearly shows tread (0.25 m), riser (0.17 m), and total height (3.12 m), making it ideal for site execution and learning purposes.
@etconp
โค12
๐ INTERCON Construction Chemicals
โ Concrete Admixtures
โ Bonding Agents
โ Waterproofings
โ Wall Putty, Prime Coat
โ Concrete Repair Mortar
โ Floor hardener, Epoxy
โ Grout, Self-level mortar
โ Quartz paint, Contextra
โ Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
โ Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
โ๏ธ Tel: 0961955555
๐น Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital
๐น Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza
โ Concrete Admixtures
โ Bonding Agents
โ Waterproofings
โ Wall Putty, Prime Coat
โ Concrete Repair Mortar
โ Floor hardener, Epoxy
โ Grout, Self-level mortar
โ Quartz paint, Contextra
โ Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
โ Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
โ๏ธ Tel: 0961955555
๐น Address 1: Signal road, around
Dinberwa Hospital
๐น Addres 2: Wellosefer, Infront of
Dani Plaza
โค3