👉Structural Roof & Frame Types

1. Tapered Column Clear Span

- Ridge line with no interior supports
- Maximizes open interior space
- Ideal for warehouses & large halls

2. Multi Gable System

- Multiple gable frames connected
- Modular width expansion possible
- Used in industrial sheds & factories

3. Arched Multi Span (Flat Multi-Bay)

- Flat arched frames across bays
- Efficient load distribution
- Suitable for wide-span structures

4. Arched Multi Span (Curved Arch Frame)

- Curved arch system with modules
- Aesthetic appeal + structural strength
- Common in auditoriums & sports arenas

5. Multi Span “1”

- Multi-span gable roof
- Economical for medium-width buildings
- Flexible for extensions

6. Mono Slope

- Single slope roof system
- Simple design, cost-effective
- Often used in small sheds & annexes

7. Complex Residential Roof (Hip + Steel Truss)

- Hip roof with steel truss support
- Strong against wind loads
- Popular in residential & institutional buildings

8. Multi Span “2” (Sawtooth Roof)

- Sawtooth profile for natural lighting
- Common in factories & workshops
- Energy-efficient design

9. Multi Span “3” (Flat Multi-Bay)

- Repeated flat bay modules
- Scalable for large industrial complexes
- Easy to construct & expand

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👉Types of Beams in Construction Engineering

1. Simply Supported Beam
- Supported at both ends.
- Transfers load directly to supports.
- Common in bridges and simple structures.

2. Fixed Beam
- Both ends are rigidly fixed.
- No rotation at supports.
- Provides higher stability and less deflection.

3. Overhanging Beam
- Extends beyond one or both supports.
- Used in balconies and projections.
- Creates cantilever-like behavior.

4. Continuous Beam
- Extends over multiple supports.
- Distributes load efficiently.
- Common in long-span bridges and multi-support structures.

5. Propped Cantilever Beam
- Cantilever beam with an extra support.
- Reduces deflection compared to a pure cantilever.
- Often used in retaining walls.

6. T-Beam
- T-shaped cross-section with slab.
- Provides strength in bending.
- Common in reinforced concrete floors.

7. L-Beam
- L-shaped edge beam.
- Used at corners of slabs.
- Provides support along slab edges.

8. Deep Beam
- Large depth compared to span.
- Carries heavy loads.
- Used in foundations and transfer girders.

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