👉Structural Roof & Frame Types
1. Tapered Column Clear Span
- Ridge line with no interior supports
- Maximizes open interior space
- Ideal for warehouses & large halls
2. Multi Gable System
- Multiple gable frames connected
- Modular width expansion possible
- Used in industrial sheds & factories
3. Arched Multi Span (Flat Multi-Bay)
- Flat arched frames across bays
- Efficient load distribution
- Suitable for wide-span structures
4. Arched Multi Span (Curved Arch Frame)
- Curved arch system with modules
- Aesthetic appeal + structural strength
- Common in auditoriums & sports arenas
5. Multi Span “1”
- Multi-span gable roof
- Economical for medium-width buildings
- Flexible for extensions
6. Mono Slope
- Single slope roof system
- Simple design, cost-effective
- Often used in small sheds & annexes
7. Complex Residential Roof (Hip + Steel Truss)
- Hip roof with steel truss support
- Strong against wind loads
- Popular in residential & institutional buildings
8. Multi Span “2” (Sawtooth Roof)
- Sawtooth profile for natural lighting
- Common in factories & workshops
- Energy-efficient design
9. Multi Span “3” (Flat Multi-Bay)
- Repeated flat bay modules
- Scalable for large industrial complexes
- Easy to construct & expand
#ConcreteAndSteel #StructuralDesign #RoofSystems #EngineeringInfographic #ConstructionDetails #SteelStructures #ArchitectureDesign #BuildingFrames #CivilEngineering
@etconp
1. Tapered Column Clear Span
- Ridge line with no interior supports
- Maximizes open interior space
- Ideal for warehouses & large halls
2. Multi Gable System
- Multiple gable frames connected
- Modular width expansion possible
- Used in industrial sheds & factories
3. Arched Multi Span (Flat Multi-Bay)
- Flat arched frames across bays
- Efficient load distribution
- Suitable for wide-span structures
4. Arched Multi Span (Curved Arch Frame)
- Curved arch system with modules
- Aesthetic appeal + structural strength
- Common in auditoriums & sports arenas
5. Multi Span “1”
- Multi-span gable roof
- Economical for medium-width buildings
- Flexible for extensions
6. Mono Slope
- Single slope roof system
- Simple design, cost-effective
- Often used in small sheds & annexes
7. Complex Residential Roof (Hip + Steel Truss)
- Hip roof with steel truss support
- Strong against wind loads
- Popular in residential & institutional buildings
8. Multi Span “2” (Sawtooth Roof)
- Sawtooth profile for natural lighting
- Common in factories & workshops
- Energy-efficient design
9. Multi Span “3” (Flat Multi-Bay)
- Repeated flat bay modules
- Scalable for large industrial complexes
- Easy to construct & expand
#ConcreteAndSteel #StructuralDesign #RoofSystems #EngineeringInfographic #ConstructionDetails #SteelStructures #ArchitectureDesign #BuildingFrames #CivilEngineering
@etconp
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👉Types of Beams in Construction Engineering
1. Simply Supported Beam
- Supported at both ends.
- Transfers load directly to supports.
- Common in bridges and simple structures.
2. Fixed Beam
- Both ends are rigidly fixed.
- No rotation at supports.
- Provides higher stability and less deflection.
3. Overhanging Beam
- Extends beyond one or both supports.
- Used in balconies and projections.
- Creates cantilever-like behavior.
4. Continuous Beam
- Extends over multiple supports.
- Distributes load efficiently.
- Common in long-span bridges and multi-support structures.
5. Propped Cantilever Beam
- Cantilever beam with an extra support.
- Reduces deflection compared to a pure cantilever.
- Often used in retaining walls.
6. T-Beam
- T-shaped cross-section with slab.
- Provides strength in bending.
- Common in reinforced concrete floors.
7. L-Beam
- L-shaped edge beam.
- Used at corners of slabs.
- Provides support along slab edges.
8. Deep Beam
- Large depth compared to span.
- Carries heavy loads.
- Used in foundations and transfer girders.
#StructuralDesign #BeamTypes #ConstructionKnowledge #ConcreteAndSteel #EngineeringEducation #StructuralEngineering #BuildingDesign #ConstructionBasics
@etconp
1. Simply Supported Beam
- Supported at both ends.
- Transfers load directly to supports.
- Common in bridges and simple structures.
2. Fixed Beam
- Both ends are rigidly fixed.
- No rotation at supports.
- Provides higher stability and less deflection.
3. Overhanging Beam
- Extends beyond one or both supports.
- Used in balconies and projections.
- Creates cantilever-like behavior.
4. Continuous Beam
- Extends over multiple supports.
- Distributes load efficiently.
- Common in long-span bridges and multi-support structures.
5. Propped Cantilever Beam
- Cantilever beam with an extra support.
- Reduces deflection compared to a pure cantilever.
- Often used in retaining walls.
6. T-Beam
- T-shaped cross-section with slab.
- Provides strength in bending.
- Common in reinforced concrete floors.
7. L-Beam
- L-shaped edge beam.
- Used at corners of slabs.
- Provides support along slab edges.
8. Deep Beam
- Large depth compared to span.
- Carries heavy loads.
- Used in foundations and transfer girders.
#StructuralDesign #BeamTypes #ConstructionKnowledge #ConcreteAndSteel #EngineeringEducation #StructuralEngineering #BuildingDesign #ConstructionBasics
@etconp
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👉Site Engineer Quick Calculation Guide you uploaded, with details for each formula:
📐 Concrete Quantity
- Formula: 0.036 × Built-up Area (m²)
- Purpose: Quick estimation of concrete required based on total built-up area. Useful for preliminary planning.
🪚 Shuttering Quantity
- Formula 1: Concrete Quantity × 6
- Formula 2: 2.4 to 2.5 × Slab Area (m²) (includes column, beam & slab sides)
- Purpose: Helps calculate shuttering material needed for formwork.
🪵 Number of Plywood Sheets
- Formula: Shuttering Quantity × 0.22
- Purpose: Approximate count of plywood sheets required for shuttering.
🪵 Number of Battens
- Formula: Number of Plywood Sheets × 19.62
- Purpose: Estimate of battens needed to support plywood sheets.
🔩 Nails
- Formula: 0.075 × Shuttering Quantity (m²)
- Purpose: Quick calculation of nails required for fixing shuttering.
🧵 Binding Wire
- Formula: 0.075 × Shuttering Quantity (m²)
- Purpose: Used for tying reinforcement bars during concreting.
🛢️ Formwork Oil
- Formula 1: 0.065 × Shuttering Quantity (m²)
- Formula 2: 1 Litre for 15 m² (application rate)
- Purpose: Prevents concrete from sticking to shuttering, ensuring smooth removal.
🔗 Steel (Bars)
- First & Third Floor Slab: 4.425 Kg / Sq.ft
- Above Third Floor Slab: 6.625 Kg / Sq.ft
- Purpose: Quick thumb rule for reinforcement steel consumption depending on floor level.
✅ This guide is designed for site engineers to make fast, practical estimates without lengthy calculations. It’s best used for preliminary planning and quick checks before detailed BOQ preparation.
#ConstructionSite #ConcreteAndSteel #SiteEngineerGuide #StructuralDesign
#Formwork
#Reinforcement #ConstructionDetails #EngineeringEducation
@etconp
📐 Concrete Quantity
- Formula: 0.036 × Built-up Area (m²)
- Purpose: Quick estimation of concrete required based on total built-up area. Useful for preliminary planning.
🪚 Shuttering Quantity
- Formula 1: Concrete Quantity × 6
- Formula 2: 2.4 to 2.5 × Slab Area (m²) (includes column, beam & slab sides)
- Purpose: Helps calculate shuttering material needed for formwork.
🪵 Number of Plywood Sheets
- Formula: Shuttering Quantity × 0.22
- Purpose: Approximate count of plywood sheets required for shuttering.
🪵 Number of Battens
- Formula: Number of Plywood Sheets × 19.62
- Purpose: Estimate of battens needed to support plywood sheets.
🔩 Nails
- Formula: 0.075 × Shuttering Quantity (m²)
- Purpose: Quick calculation of nails required for fixing shuttering.
🧵 Binding Wire
- Formula: 0.075 × Shuttering Quantity (m²)
- Purpose: Used for tying reinforcement bars during concreting.
🛢️ Formwork Oil
- Formula 1: 0.065 × Shuttering Quantity (m²)
- Formula 2: 1 Litre for 15 m² (application rate)
- Purpose: Prevents concrete from sticking to shuttering, ensuring smooth removal.
🔗 Steel (Bars)
- First & Third Floor Slab: 4.425 Kg / Sq.ft
- Above Third Floor Slab: 6.625 Kg / Sq.ft
- Purpose: Quick thumb rule for reinforcement steel consumption depending on floor level.
✅ This guide is designed for site engineers to make fast, practical estimates without lengthy calculations. It’s best used for preliminary planning and quick checks before detailed BOQ preparation.
#ConstructionSite #ConcreteAndSteel #SiteEngineerGuide #StructuralDesign
#Formwork
#Reinforcement #ConstructionDetails #EngineeringEducation
@etconp
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