👉የኮንክሪት የውሃ ማፍሰሻ ቦይ (Concrete Roof Gutter) ውሃ እንዳያስተላልፍ የሚደረጉ ዋና ዋና ጥንቃቄዎች!

​በምስሉ ላይ እንደምናየው በቆርቆሮው እና በፓራፔት ግንቡ መካከል የኮንክሪት ቦይ (Concrete Gutter) ተሰርቷል። ይህ ቦታ በህንፃዎች ላይ ከፍተኛ የውሃ ሰርጎ የመግባት (Water Leakage) አደጋ ከሚፈጠርባቸው ቦታዎች አንዱ ነው።

​በኮንክሪት ጋተር ስራ ወቅት ሊረሱ የማይገባቸው ነጥቦች፦

1. ​Proper Slope/Fall: ኮንክሪቱ ውሃ እንዳያቁር ቢያንስ 1% እስከ 2% ተዳፋትነት (Slope towards downspout) ሊኖረው ይገባል።

2. ​Waterproofing Membrane: በኮንክሪት ቦዩ ላይ ጥራት ያለው የውሃ መከላከያ (App Waterproofing Membrane / Elastomeric Coating) መቀባት/መንጠፍ።

3. ​Flashing & Overlap: በቆርቆሮው እና በጋተሩ መካከል ያለው መጋጠሚያ ላይ ብረታዊ ፍላሽንግ (Metal Flashing) ገብቶ በቂ Overlap መኖሩን ማረጋገጥ።

​በእርስዎ ሳይት ላይ ለኮንክሪት ጋተር ውሃ መከላከያ Crystalline Coating ይመርጣሉ ወይስ Bituminous Membrane?

@etconp

👉Road Earthwork Estimation (Cut & Fill Method)

🚥የመንገድ የአፈር ሥራ (Earthwork) በአብዛኛው Cut (መቆፈር) እና Fill (መሙላት) በሚባሉ ሁለት ክፍሎች ይሰራል።

1. Cut (መቆፈር)

የመሬት ደረጃ (Existing Ground Level) ከዲዛይን ደረጃ (Formation Level) በላይ ከሆነ Cut ይደረጋል።

ምሳሌ Existing Level = 101.50 m
Formation Level = 100.80 m
Cut = 101.50 − 100.80 = 0.70 m

2. Fill (መሙላት)

የዲዛይን ደረጃ ከነባሩ መሬት በላይ ከሆነ Fill ይደረጋል።

ምሳሌ Existing Level = 99.60 m
Formation Level = 100.40 m
Fill = 100.40 − 99.60 = 0.80 m

3. Cross-sectional Area (A)

ቀላል Formula
Area = Width × Height
ወይም ስሎፕ ካለ
Area = (B + mz) × z
Where ፦
B = Formation Width
m = Side Slope
z = Cut/Fill Height

4. Volume Calculation

በAverage End Area Method ይሰራል።

Volume = (A₁ + A₂) / 2 × L
Where :-
A₁ = የመጀመሪያው Area
A₂ = የሁለተኛው Area
L = በሁለቱ ስቴሽኖች መካከል ርቀት

ምሳሌ

Station 0+000
Area = 15 m²
Station 0+020
Area = 25 m²
Distance = 20 m
Volume = (15 + 25) ÷ 2 × 20
= 20 × 20
= 400 m³

5. የስራ ደረጃ

Existing Ground Level መለካት
Formation Level ማግኘት
Cut ወይም Fill መለየት
Cross-sectional Area ማስላት
Average End Area Method በመጠቀም Volume (m³) ማስላት
የሁሉንም Station Volume በመደመር ጠቅላላ Earthwork ማግኘት
          Formulaዎች
Cut = Existing Level − Formation Level
Fill = Formation Level − Existing Level
Area = Width × Height (ቀላል ግምት)
Volume = (A₁ + A₂) ÷ 2 × L

🌟በነገራችን ላይ ለስራ ቅጥር እና ጨረታዎች ከታች ባለው ሊንክ ቤተሰብ ይሁኑ👇

https://t.me/ETCONpWORK

👉ኮንስትራክሽን ላይ መሰረታዊ እና ጠቃሚ ስታንዳርዶች እና ፎርሙላዎች የያዘ ምርጥ መፅሐፍ ከፈለጉ ከታች ባለው ሊንክ ያውርዱት👇

https://ye-buna.com/etconp?ref=product_detail&product=6a829b4fccff0_etconp

👉ከልስን ፕላስተር ስራ በፊት የኮለመን መቆርቆር (Concrete Hacking) ጥቅም እና ጥንቃቄዎች! 🧐🏗️
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━
በምስሉ ላይ እንደምናየው የኮንክሪት ኮለሙ አካል በቺዝል/በመዶሻ ተቆርቁሯል (Hacking)። ይህ የሚደረገው የኮንክሪቱ ለስላሳ ገፅታ (Smooth Surface) ከፕላስተር ሞርታር ጋር በቂ ትስስር (Mechanical Key / Bond) እንዲኖረው ለማድረግ ነው።

🌟በ Concrete Hacking ወቅት ትኩረት የሚሹ ቁልፍ ነጥቦች፦

   1. ​Density & Pattern: በቀጣይ የሚመረገው ፕላስተር እንዳይላጥ በየ 2.5cm - 5cm ርቀት በ m^2 ቢያንስ ከ 250 እስከ 300 የሚደርሱ ነጥቦች (Hacking Marks) መቆርቆር አለባቸው።

     2. ​Proper Cleaning: ከተቆራቆራ በኋላ የቀረው አቧራ እና የኮንክሪት ብናኝ በውሃ በጥንቃቄ መፅዳት አለበት (አቧራ ካለ ሞርታሩ አይጣበቅም)።

     3. ​Alternative Bonding Agents: በአሁኑ ጊዜ መቆርቆር በሚተኩ እንደ SBR / Chemical Bonding Agents እና Spatterdash Slurry (የሲሜንቶ እና አሸዋ ወፍራም እርጭት) መጠቀም የበለጠ ቀልጣፋና አስተማማኝ ውጤት ይሰጣል።

☄በእርስዎ ሳይት ላይ ለኮንክሪት እና ፕላስተር ትስስር Hacking ይመርጣሉ ወይስ Bonding Agent? ሃሳብዎን በኮሜንት ያካፍሉን!👇

​@etconp

👉አስደሳች ዜና ለዚህ ቻናል ቤተሰቦች

🗂ለጥቂት ቀናት የሚቆይ Full ኳንቲቲ ሰርቨይንግ Online Course ለምትወስዱ የ ETABS ኮርስ በነፃ ይመረቅላቹዋል❤️

💰 የኮርሱ ዋጋ: 1,999 ብር ብቻ!

🚀 ዛሬውኑ ይመዝገቡ እና የ Quantity Surveying ክህሎትዎን ወደ ሌላ ደረጃ ያሳድጉ!

⭐️ኮርሱ ለመጀመር👇

https://ye-buna.com/etconp?ref=product_detail&product=6a5e233a9c5e0_etconp

👉STAIRCASE DESIGN & DIMENSIONS — KEY CIVIL ENGINEERING DETAILS

🌟A well-designed staircase must be safe, comfortable, structurally adequate, and compliant with the applicable building code.

📐 Important Dimensions Shown

1. Minimum headroom: 2.10 m
2. Handrail height: 0.90 m
3. Landing: At floor level and where required
4. Riser: 0.15 m (150 mm)
5. Tread: 0.25 m (250 mm)
6. Total rise: 3.00 m
7. Typical riser range: 0.15–0.20 m
8. Stair width: 1.20 m
9. Horizontal run shown: 4.50 m

🧮 Staircase Formula — Blondel’s Rule

2 × Riser + Tread ≈ 0.60–0.65 m

For the dimensions shown:

2 × 0.15 + 0.25 = 0.55 m

⚠️ Important: 0.55 m is below the commonly used 0.60–0.65 m comfort range, so the “safe & comfortable” check shown in the graphic should not be interpreted as a universal code-compliance approval.

Stair dimensions should be finalized according to the applicable local building code and actual floor-to-floor height.

🏗️ RCC Staircase Reinforcement Shown

- Main reinforcement: Ø12 mm @ 150 mm c/c along the slope
- Distribution reinforcement: Ø10 mm @ 200 mm c/c
- Clear cover: 20 mm

These reinforcement sizes are illustrative only.
Actual reinforcement must be designed based on span, loading, support conditions, concrete/steel grades, thickness, seismic requirements, and the governing structural code.

🔨 Construction Points

✔ Keep riser heights uniform throughout the flight.
✔ Maintain uniform tread dimensions.
✔ Provide a suitable non-slip finish.
✔ Ensure adequate landing and headroom.
✔ Provide properly anchored handrails/guardrails.
✔ Use proper concrete compaction and curing.
✔ Check the complete staircase design before construction.

Remember: Staircase dimensions and reinforcement should be verified by a qualified structural engineer and the applicable local building regulations before construction.

@etconp

👉የ RC ዲዛይን ላይ ሙሉ ቴምፕሌቶች ከፈለጉ ማለትም

⏺Calculation of Design Coefficients
⏺‎Design of Slabs
⏺‎Design of Flat Slabs
⏺‎Design of Beams
⏺‎Design of Sections Under M & N
⏺‎Shear Design & Checks
⏺‎Design for Torsion
⏺‎Design of Rectangular Columns
⏺‎Design of Circular Columns
⏺‎Design of Isolated Footings
‎Isolated Footings Under Moment እና ሌሎች👇

https://ye-buna.com/etconp?ref=product_detail&product=6a7bf1e6dcc09_etconp

👉How to be treated-Forgotten Items in Previouse Interim Payments?

🌟A contractor can be paid for a forgotten item of work in the final payment, but it depends on contract terms and proper documentation.

1. Contractual Basis

If the item is part of the original scope of work (included in BOQ, drawings, or specifications) but was mistakenly omitted in earlier interim payments, it can be included in the final account.

If it is an extra or variation, a formal variation order or instruction should be approved before payment.

2. Verification

The Resident Engineer (RE) or Consultant must verify that:

The work has been executed to the required standard.

It was not previously paid for.

It is not a duplication of another item.

3. Payment Procedure

Include the forgotten item in the Final Payment Certificate.

Provide a measurement sheet or payment summary showing the work done and its valuation.

Obtain approval from the Engineer/Consultant and Client before release of payment.

4. Contract Clauses

Refer to the contract clauses on Final Account, Variations, and Payment Certificates (FIDIC, PPA, or local standard contract conditions).

4.1.FIDIC (1999 Red Book)

Clause 14.6 – Issue of Interim Payment Certificates

“The Engineer may in any payment certificate make any correction or modification that should properly be made to any previous payment certificate.”

This means if an item was forgotten in the first payment, it can be included in later interim payments, provided it was part of the contract works.

4.2.Ethiopian Public Procurement Agency (PPA) Conditions of Contract

Clause 43.1 – Interim Payment Certificates

“The Engineer may in any payment certificate make any correction or modification that should properly be made to any previous certificate.”

Clause 47 – Final Statement and Payment also confirms that any remaining adjustments or omissions shall be included in the final payment

Once the final certificate is signed, no additional claims are normally accepted unless there is a formal dispute.

5. Practices

According to the Ethiopian Standard Conditions of Contract (MoWE or ERA):

Clause on Interim Payment Certificates allows correction of previous omissions or errors in subsequent certificates.

Payment is cumulative – meaning any forgotten item can be added later as long as it is justified.

6. Time Limitation

Some contracts state that claims not raised within a certain time (e.g., 28 days after discovery) may be invalid. Check the contract for such provisions.

☄Key References

-PPA 2011

-Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) General Conditions of Contract

-FIDIC Conditions of Contract (1999 Edition)

@etconp

🧱የብሎኬት ግንብ (Block Work) ሲገነባ መረሳት የሌለባቸው ወሳኝ የሳይት ህጎች!

​ግንብ በሚገነባበት ወቅት ጥራቱን እና ቀጥታነቱን ለመጠበቅ በምስሉ ላይ እንደሚታየው የክር መመሪያ (Alignment Line/String) እና የሞርታር (Mortar) ውፍረት ትልቅ ሚና አላቸው።
​በሳይት ላይ የብሎኬት ስራን ስንቆጣጠር ትኩረት ልንሰጣቸው የሚገቡ ዋና ዋና ነጥቦች፦

​1️⃣ የክር መመሪያ (Alignment & Plumb Line): ብሎኬቱ ወደ ጎን እንዳይዛነፍ እና ወደ ላይ ቀጥ ብሎ እንዲወጣ በክር እና በስፒሪት ሌቭል (Spirit Level) ዘወትር ማረጋገጥ።

​2️⃣ የሞርታር ውፍረት (Mortar Joint Thickness): በብሎኬቶች መካከል ያለው የሲሚንቶ ውህድ ውፍረት ከ10-15 ሚ.ሜ (1.0 - 1.5 cm) መብለጥ ወይም ማነስ የለበትም።

​3️⃣ ብሎኬቱን ማርከስ (Wetting Blocks): ብሎኬቶች ደረቅ ከሆኑ የሞርታሩን እርጥበት ስለሚመጡት ከመደርደራቸው በፊት በቂ ውሃ ማግኘት አለባቸው።

​4️⃣ የማሰሪያ ብረት (Wall Ties/Stiffeners): ግንቡ ከኮለም (Column) ጋር የሚገናኝበት ቦታ ላይ በጥንካሬ እንዲያያዝ የማሰሪያ ብረቶችን ወይም ዶወል (Dowels) መጠቀም።

​5️⃣ የቀን ግንባታ ከፍታ (Maximum Lift Height): በአንድ ቀን ከ1.2 እስከ 1.5 ሜትር በላይ አለመገንባት—ከስር ያለው ሞርታር ሳይደርቅ በክብደት እንዳይዛነፍ።

​በእናንተ ሳይት ላይ ለብሎኬት ግንብ ጥራት ከሁሉ በላይ ትኩረት የምትሰጡት ለየትኛው ነው?

​💡 ተመሳሳይ የሳይት ኢንጂነሪንግ መረጃዎችን ለማግኘት የፌስቡክ ገፃችን Follow ያድርጉ👇

https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61592085774934

@​etconp

‎👉የኢትዮጵያ የኮንስትራክሽን ሕግ እና አተገባበሩ | የተግባር መመሪያ መፅሐፍ ይፈልጋሉ?
‎
‎📚 ይህ መፅሐፍ በኮንስትራክሽን ሥራ ውስጥ የሚመለከቱ የሕግ ጉዳዮችን በቀላልና ተግባራዊ መልኩ ለመረዳት ይረዳል።
‎
⏺‎የኮንስትራክሽን ሕግ መሠረታዊ ግንዛቤ
⏺‎የግንባታ ፕሮጀክት ሕጋዊ አተገባበር
⏺‎የተዋዋይ ወገኖች መብትና ግዴታ
⏺‎የኮንትራት እና የስምምነት ጉዳዮች
⏺‎የግንባታ ሥራ ኃላፊነትና ተጠያቂነት
⏺‎በግንባታ ሥራ ላይ የሚፈጠሩ የሕግ ጉዳዮች እና ሌሎች ተካተዋል👇
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👉አስደሳች ዜና ለዚህ ቻናል ቤተሰቦች

🗂ለዛሬ ብቻ የሚቆይ Full ኳንቲቲ ሰርቨይንግ Online Course ለምትወስዱ የ ETABS ኮርስ በነፃ ይመረቅላቹዋል❤️

🚀 ዛሬውኑ ይመዝገቡ እና የ Quantity Surveying ክህሎትዎን ወደ ሌላ ደረጃ ያሳድጉ!

⭐️ኮርሱ ለመጀመር👇

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📐 BEARINGS IN SURVEYING

Bearing is the horizontal angle measured in a horizontal plane from a reference meridian to a survey line.

It is an essential concept in surveying for determining the direction of lines accurately.

🔹 1. Whole Circle Bearing (W.C.B.)

• Bearing is measured clockwise from North.
• Values range from 0° to 360°.
• It does not use quadrant letters such as N, S, E or W.
• Example: A line may have a W.C.B. of θ°.

🔹 2. Quadrantal Bearing (Q.B.)

• Bearing is measured from the nearer North or South meridian toward East or West.
• The angle ranges from 0° to 90°.
• It is written with quadrant letters: NE, SE, SW and NW.
• Examples: N θ E, S θ E, S θ W and N θ W.

📌 Key Difference

W.C.B.: 0°–360°, measured clockwise from North.
Q.B.: 0°–90°, measured from North or South toward East or West.

Understanding bearings is fundamental for land surveying, traverse calculations, road alignment, construction layout and mapping. 🏗️📏

#CivilEngineering #Surveying #LandSurveying #Bearings #WholeCircleBearing #QuadrantalBearing #WCBBearing #QBBearing #SurveyingEngineering #CivilEngineer #EngineeringStudents #Construction #SiteSurveying #Surveyor #EngineeringEducation

@etconp

የኤቲኤም (ATM)፣ የመታወቂያ እና የሌሎች ካርዶችዎ ብዛት ኪስዎን እያጨናነቀው ተቸግረዋል?

💳 ካርዶችዎን በቀላሉ አውጥተው ለመጠቀም
🔓 ኤቲኤምዎን ከዲጂታል ስርቆት (RFID) ለመጠበቅ
💯 ለማንኛውም ኪስዎ ተስማሚና ቀጭን ሆኖ የተሰራ
💪 ከጠንካራ አልሙኒየም የተመረተ
🎁 ለወዳጅዎ ስጦታ አድርገው ቢሰጡት የሚያኩራዎ

ዘመናዊ፣ ቀጭን እና ደህንነቱ የተጠበቀ — ለዕለታዊ አጠቃቀም የተሰራ ፕሪሚየም ዋሌት

💰 ዋጋ: 1,499 ብር

📩 ለትዕዛዝ እና ለተጨማሪ መረጃ:

📞 ስልክ: +251939593929
📲 ቴሌግራም: @Jaysonder

"አዳዲስ ዎሌቶች ሲገቡ ቶሎ እንዲደርስዎት በቴሌግራም ቤተሰብ ይሁኑ"

ይቀላቀሉን: @foldandcarry

👉ኳንቲቲ ሰርቨይንግ በቀላሉ ለመረዳት እና ቴክ ኦፍ እንዲሁም Cost Breakdown ለማዘጋጀት የሚጠቅም እጅግ በጣም ምርጥ መፅሐፍ ከታች ባለው ሊንክ ያውርዱት👇

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👉TESTS IN CONCRETE 🏗️ | Essential On-Site & Laboratory Tests

Concrete quality is checked through different tests to evaluate workability, uniformity, and compressive strength.

🔹 1. Rebound Hammer Test
A non-destructive test used on hardened concrete to estimate surface hardness and assess the uniformity of concrete.

Take multiple readings and use the appropriate correlation chart for strength estimation.

🔹 2. Slump Test
Used to determine the workability and consistency of fresh concrete.

The slump is measured after filling the slump cone in layers and compacting each layer with a tamping rod.

🔹 3. Compression Test
The compressive strength of hardened concrete is determined using a Compression Testing Machine (CTM).

Standard specimens such as 150 mm × 300 mm cylinders or 150 mm cubes may be tested depending on the applicable standard.

📐 Compressive Strength Formula:
f′c = P / A
Where:
• P = Ultimate load
• A = Cross-sectional area

📌 Important Points

• Use representative samples.
• Keep testing equipment properly calibrated.
• Follow the applicable local standards and testing procedures.
• Do not add water during slump testing.
• For rebound hammer testing, use a clean, suitable surface and avoid honeycombed or damaged areas.
• Test results should be interpreted by qualified personnel; rebound hammer results are estimates and should not replace proper strength testing when acceptance decisions are required.

🏗️ Key Takeaway

Rebound Hammer → Hardened concrete surface assessment
Slump Test → Fresh concrete

workability
Compression Test → Concrete compressive strength

@etconp

👉ለ ኳንቲቲ ሰርቨይንግ እጅግ ጠቃሚ በተለይ Rate Analysis ስትሰሩ የሚያግዛቹ ስታንዳርዶች የያዘ መፅሃፍ ይፈልጋሉ?

🔆ስለ labour እና equipment UF(Utilization Factor) ከዚህ በተጨማሪ የ labour,Equipment እና machinery composition standard ወይ norms ጨምሮ Material consumption rate standard ያካተተ መፅሀፍ ከፈለጉ ከታች ባለው ሊንክ ያውርዱ👇

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