Ethio Construction Engineering
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๐Ÿ”จ World Construction Engineering
Latest updates, tips, and tutorials on building, civil engineering, and construction in World.
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๐Ÿ“จ @Philemona7 Or @ETCONpBOT

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๐Ÿ—๏ธ BEFORE STARTING CONSTRUCTION โ€” CHECK THESE 10 ITEMS

Proper preparation helps reduce delays, rework, and unnecessary costs.

๐Ÿ”น 1. Approved Drawings: Confirm that the latest approved drawings are available.

๐Ÿ”น 2. Site Investigation: Understand the relevant soil and site conditions.

๐Ÿ”น 3. Setting Out: Verify the reference points, coordinates, and required levels.

๐Ÿ”น 4. Permits and Approvals: Confirm that required authorizations are in place.

๐Ÿ”น 5. Work Programme: Establish the construction sequence and planned dates.

๐Ÿ”น 6. Materials: Confirm availability and approval of specified materials.

๐Ÿ”น 7. Equipment: Arrange suitable equipment and maintenance.

๐Ÿ”น 8. Labour: Plan staffing and supervision requirements.

๐Ÿ”น 9. Safety Arrangements: Prepare the required risk assessments and safety measures.

๐Ÿ”น 10. Quality Planning: Identify required inspections, tests, and approval points.

๐Ÿ“Œ Engineering Reminder: If drawings conflict or site conditions differ from the design assumptions, seek clarification through the proper project process before proceeding with affected work.

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๐ŸŒŸแˆˆแ‹›แˆฌ แ‰ฅแ‰ป แ‹จแˆšแ‰†แ‹ญ Full แŠณแŠ•แ‰ฒแ‰ฒ แˆฐแˆญแ‰จแ‹ญแŠ•แŒ Online Course แ‹จ 25% แ‰…แŠ“แˆฝ แŠ แˆญแŒˆแŠ“แˆ แŠจแ‹šแˆ… แ‰ แ‰ฐแŒจแˆ›แˆช แ‹จ UDEMY แŠฎแˆญแˆต แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แˆ˜แˆญแŒ แ‹ แ‰ แАแƒ แ‹ญแˆ˜แˆจแ‰…แˆ‹แ‰นแ‹‹แˆโค๏ธ

๐Ÿš€ แ‹›แˆฌแ‹แŠ‘ แ‹ญแˆ˜แ‹แŒˆแ‰ก แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹จ Quantity Surveying แŠญแˆ…แˆŽแ‰ตแ‹ŽแŠ• แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แˆŒแˆ‹ แ‹ฐแˆจแŒƒ แ‹ซแˆณแ‹ตแŒ‰!

โญ๏ธแŠฎแˆญแˆฑ แˆˆแˆ˜แŒ€แˆ˜แˆญ๐Ÿ‘‡

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๐Ÿ‘Œ2๐Ÿฅฐ1๐Ÿ˜ญ1
๐Ÿ—๏ธ Construction Steps:

1๏ธโƒฃ Prepare and level the foundation.
2๏ธโƒฃ Install the drainage system.
3๏ธโƒฃ Assemble and connect gabion baskets.
4๏ธโƒฃ Fill baskets with durable stones.
5๏ธโƒฃ Close baskets and compact backfill.

โœ… Main Advantages:

*Excellent drainage
*Flexible and durable
*Helps prevent soil erosion
*Uses locally available stones
*Blends naturally with the environment

โš ๏ธ Engineering Note: Wall dimensions, foundation requirements, and stability must be determined through project-specific geotechnical and structural design.


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๐Ÿ‘‰แˆตแŠฎแˆ‹แˆญแˆฝแ• แˆˆแˆ›แˆ˜แˆแŠจแ‰ต แŠจแ‰ฅแ‹ถแ‰ณแˆ?

โœ…แŠจ 480+ แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแˆ›แˆ›แŠ แ‹จแˆตแŠฎแˆ‹แˆญแˆบแ• แ‹ตแˆจ-แŒˆแŒพแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹ซแŠซแ‰ฐแ‰ฐ
โœ… แˆˆ12แŠ› แŠญแแˆ แŒจแˆแˆฎ แˆˆแ‰…แ‹ตแˆ˜-แˆแˆจแ‰ƒ (Undergraduate)แฃ แˆˆแˆ›แˆตแ‰ฐแˆญแˆต (Masterโ€™s) แŠฅแŠ“ แˆˆแ‹ถแŠญแ‰ตแˆฌแ‰ต (PhD) แ‰ฐแˆ›แˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰ฐแ‰ฅแˆŽ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ€
โœ… แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ดแ‰ต Scholarship แˆ›แˆ˜แˆแŠจแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแ‰ฝแˆ‰ แ‹ฐแˆจแŒƒ-แ‰ แ‹ฐแˆจแŒƒ แ‹ญแˆ˜แˆซแ‹Žแ‰ณแˆแข

๐Ÿ“—โ€‹แŠ แˆแŠ‘แŠ‘ แˆ˜แ…แˆแ‰แŠ• แŠจแ‰ณแ‰ฝ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‹ แˆŠแŠ•แŠญ แ‹ซแ‹แˆญแ‹ฑแ‰ต๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡

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๐Ÿ‘3โค1
Column ties are essential RCC reinforcement components that hold main bars in position, prevent buckling, and provide concrete confinement.

๐Ÿ”น Key Components:

1๏ธโƒฃ Longitudinal Bars โ€“ Resist column loads and bending.
2๏ธโƒฃ Closed Ties โ€“ Support and confine main bars.
3๏ธโƒฃ Tie Spacing โ€“ Distance between consecutive ties.
4๏ธโƒฃ 135ยฐ Hooks โ€“ Provide reliable anchorage, especially in seismic detailing.
5๏ธโƒฃ Hook Extension โ€“ Must meet structural code requirements.

๐Ÿ“Œ 135ยฐ vs. 90ยฐ Hooks
135ยฐ Hook: Commonly used for seismic confinement.
90ยฐ Hook: Used only where permitted by the applicable code and approved design.

โš ๏ธ Engineering Note: Tie spacing, hook dimensions, concrete cover, and reinforcement details must follow approved structural drawings and applicable codes.

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โค5๐Ÿ‘2
๐Ÿ‘‰แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ™แ‹ซ แАแ‹Žแ‰ต?
แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แˆ•แŒแŠ•แŠ“ แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แ‰ตแˆซแ‰ต แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ณแ‹ฐแˆญแŠ• แ‰ แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฃแˆญ แˆ›แ‹ˆแ‰… แ‹ญแˆแˆแŒ‹แˆ‰? ๐Ÿ—๏ธ๐Ÿ“š

๐Ÿ“–แ‰ แ‹šแˆ… แˆ˜แŒฝแˆแ แ‹จแˆšแˆ›แˆฉแ‰ตแฆ

โœ… แ‹จแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แˆ•แŒ
โœ… แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แŠฎแŠ•แ‰ตแˆซแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แŠ แ‹ˆแ‰ƒแ‰€แˆญแŠ“ แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ณแ‹ฐแˆญ
โœ… แ‹จแˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆฅแ‰ต แŒแ‹ฅแŠ“ แ‹จแŒจแˆจแ‰ณ แˆ•แŒŽแ‰ฝ
โœ… FIDIC Contract Conditions
โœ… แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แ‰ตแˆซแ‰ต แ‹“แ‹ญแАแ‰ถแ‰ฝแŠ“ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹‹แ‹‹แ‹ญ แ‹ˆแŒˆแŠ–แ‰ฝ แŠƒแˆ‹แŠแАแ‰ต
โœ… Variations, Claims & Liquidated Damages
โœ… แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‹แ‹แŒแ‰ฆแ‰ฝแŠ“ แ‹จแˆ˜แแ‰ตแˆ” แ‹˜แ‹ดแ‹Žแ‰ฝ
โœ… Arbitration, Mediation & Litigation แŠฅแŠ“ แˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‰ แˆตแ‹แ‰ต แ‰ฐแ‹ณแˆฐแ‹‹แˆ

๐Ÿ“•แ‹ญแˆ… แ‹ตแŠ•แ‰… แˆ˜แ…แˆแ แŠจแˆแˆˆแŒ‰แ‰ต แŠจแ‰ณแ‰ฝ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‹ แˆŠแŠ•แŠญ แ‹ซแ‹แˆญแ‹ฑแ‰ต๐Ÿ‘‡

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๐Ÿ‘‰แ‹จแ‰ดแŠญแŠ–แˆŽแŒ‚ แŠฅแŠ“ แŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แ‹œแŠ“ ๐Ÿ—

โ€‹โ˜€๏ธ แ‰ แ‰ปแ‹ญแŠ“ 100 แˆœแŒ‹ แ‹‹แ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆ˜แАแŒจแ‹ แŒแ‹™แ‰ แ‹จแ€แˆแ‹ญ แ‰ฅแˆญแˆƒแŠ• แ‹จแ‰ณแ‹ˆแˆญ แŠƒแ‹ญแˆ แˆ›แˆ˜แŠ•แŒซ แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ต แˆฅแˆซ แŒ€แˆ˜แˆจ!

โ€‹แ‰ แˆฐแˆœแŠ• แˆแ‹•แˆซแ‰ฅ แ‰ปแ‹ญแŠ“ แˆบแŠ•แŒ‚แ‹ซแŠ•แŒ แŒแ‹›แ‰ต แ‰แŠซแŠ•แŒ แŠจแ‰ฐแˆ› แ‹จแ‰ฐแŒˆแАแ‰ฃแ‹แŠ“ 100 แˆœแŒ‹ แ‹‹แ‰ต แŠคแˆŒแŠญแ‰ตแˆชแŠญ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆ˜แАแŒจแ‹ แ‹จแ‰€แˆˆแŒ  แŒจแ‹ แ‹จแ‰ณแ‹ˆแˆญ (MOLTEN SALT TOWER) แŠƒแ‹ญแˆ แˆ›แˆ˜แŠ•แŒซ แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ต แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆณแŠซ แˆแŠ”แ‰ณ แŠจแ‰ฅแˆ”แˆซแ‹Š แ‹จแŠคแˆŒแŠญแ‰ตแˆชแŠญ แŒแˆชแ‹ต แŒ‹แˆญ แ‰ฐแ‰€แˆ‹แ‰…แˆŽ แŠƒแ‹ญแˆ แˆ›แˆ˜แŠ•แŒจแ‰ต แŒ€แˆแˆฏแˆแข

โ€‹๐Ÿ”น แ‹จแ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ฑ แ‹‹แŠ“ แ‹‹แŠ“ แˆ˜แŒแˆˆแŒซแ‹Žแ‰ฝแฆ

โ€‹โ€ข แ‹˜แˆ˜แŠ“แ‹Š แ‰ดแŠญแŠ–แˆŽแŒ‚แฆ แ€แˆแ‹ญแŠ• แ‰ แ‰…แŒฝแ‰ แ‰ต แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแŠจแ‰ฐแˆ‰ แ‰ฅแˆญแˆƒแŠ‘แŠ• แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แˆ›แ‹•แŠจแˆ‹แ‹Šแ‹ แˆ›แ‰€แ‰ แ‹ซ แ‰ณแ‹ˆแˆญ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฐแˆ‹แˆแ‰ 15,697 แ‹˜แˆ˜แŠ“แ‹ŠแŠ“ แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹‹แ‹ญ แˆ„แˆŠแ‹ฎแˆตแ‰ณแ‰ต (Heliostats) แˆ˜แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹‹แ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‰ฐแŒˆแŒฅแˆ˜แ‹แˆˆแ‰ณแˆแข

โ€ข แŠจแŽแ‰ถแ‰ฎแˆแ‰ณแ‹ญแŠญ (PV) แŒ‹แˆญ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰€แŠ“แŒ€แฆ แˆ›แˆ˜แŠ•แŒซแ‹ แ‰ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แ‹จแŠขแŠ•แ‹ฑแˆตแ‰ตแˆช แ“แˆญแŠญ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แŠจแˆšแŒˆแŠ แˆŒแˆ‹ แ‹จ900 แˆœแŒ‹ แ‹‹แ‰ต แ‹จแŽแ‰ถแ‰ฎแˆแ‰ณแ‹ญแŠญ แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆ แŒŽแŠ• แˆˆแŒŽแŠ• แ‹จแ‰ฐแŒˆแАแ‰ฃ แАแ‹แข

โ€ข แ‹จแŠƒแ‹ญแˆ แŠ แ‰…แˆแฆ แˆ™แˆ‰ แ‰ แˆ™แˆ‰ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แˆฅแˆซ แˆฒแŒˆแ‰ฃ แ‰ แ‹“แˆ˜แ‰ต 120 แˆšแˆŠแ‹ฎแŠ• แŠชแˆŽ แ‹‹แ‰ต แˆฐแ‹“แ‰ต แŠคแˆŒแŠญแ‰ตแˆชแŠญ แ‹ซแˆ˜แАแŒซแˆแข

โ€ข แŠ แŠซแ‰ฃแ‰ขแ‹ซแ‹Š แŒฅแ‰…แˆแฆ แ‰ แ‹จแ‹“แˆ˜แ‰ฑ 40 แˆบแˆ… แ‰ถแŠ• แ‹จแ‹ตแŠ•แŒ‹แ‹ญ แŠจแˆฐแˆ แŠ แŒ แ‰ƒแ‰€แˆแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแ‰€แˆญ แˆฒแˆ†แŠ•แฃ แ‹จแŠซแˆญแ‰ฆแŠ• แ‹ณแ‹ญแŠฆแŠญแˆณแ‹ญแ‹ต แˆแ‰€แ‰ตแŠ• แ‰ 140 แˆบแˆ… แ‰ถแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแ‰€แŠ•แˆต แ‰ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘ แˆˆแŠ แˆจแŠ•แŒ“แ‹ด แŠขแŠฎแŠ–แˆš แ‰ตแˆแ‰… แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹‹แŒฝแŠฆ แŠ แˆˆแ‹แข
โ€‹
โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ€‹โ€‹
๐ŸŒแˆˆแ‰ฐแŒจแˆ›แˆช แˆ˜แˆจแŒƒ แŠฅแŠ“ แˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แ‹˜แˆญแ แ‹œแŠ“แ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹จ YouTube แŒˆแƒแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠจแ‰ณแ‰ฝ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‹ แˆŠแŠ•แŠญ แ‰ แˆ˜แŒแ‰ฃแ‰ต SubScribe แŠ แˆญแŒˆแ‹ แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฅ แ‹ญแˆแŠ‘๐Ÿ‘‡

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โค3๐Ÿ‘3
๐Ÿ“˜CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS TESTING MANUAL

๐Ÿ—๏ธแ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แŒฅแˆฌ แ‹•แ‰ƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹จแŒฅแˆซแ‰ต แˆแˆญแˆ˜แˆซ (Material Testing) แ‰ แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฃแˆญ แˆ˜แˆ›แˆญ แ‹ญแˆแˆแŒ‹แˆ‰?

๐ŸŒŸแ‹ญแˆ… แˆ™แˆ‰ แ‹จแˆ™แ‹ซ แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆชแ‹ซ แ‹จแˆฒแˆšแŠ•แ‰ถแฃ แŠ แŒแˆชแŒŒแ‰ตแฃ แŠฎแŠ•แŠญแˆชแ‰ตแฃ แŒกแ‰ฅแฃ แ‰ฅแˆŽแŠญแฃ แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ตแฃ แŠ แˆแˆญแฃ แ“แ‹ญแˆ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹จแ‹แˆƒ แˆ˜แŠจแˆ‹แŠจแ‹ซ แ‰แˆณแ‰แˆถแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹จแˆแˆญแˆ˜แˆซ แ‹˜แ‹ดแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹ญแ‹Ÿแˆแข

โœ… แˆˆCivil แŠฅแŠ“ Material Engineers
โœ… แˆˆLaboratory Technicians
โœ… แˆˆQA/QC Engineers
โœ… แˆˆSite Engineers
โœ… แˆˆ COTEM แŠฅแŠ“ Civil Engineering Students

๐ŸŽฏ แ‹จแˆ™แ‹ซ แŠฅแ‹แ‰€แ‰ตแ‹ŽแŠ• แ‹ซแˆณแ‹ตแŒ‰แค แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แŒฅแˆซแ‰ตแŠ• แ‹ซแˆจแŒ‹แŒแŒก!

๐Ÿ“ฅแ‹ญแˆ… แˆแˆญแŒฅ แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆญแ‹ซ แˆ˜แ…แˆƒแ แŠจแ‰ณแ‰ฝ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‹ แˆŠแŠ•แŠญ แ‹ซแ‹แˆญแ‹ฑแ‰ต๐Ÿ‘‡

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๐Ÿงช 5 IMPORTANT CONCRETE TESTS USED IN CONSTRUCTION

Concrete testing helps determine whether fresh or hardened concrete meets specified requirements.

๐Ÿ”น 1. Slump Test

Assesses the consistency and workability of fresh concrete.

๐Ÿ”น 2. Compressive Strength Test

Measures the compressive strength of concrete specimens prepared and tested under the applicable standard.

๐Ÿ”น 3. Concrete Temperature Measurement

Checks concrete temperature where required by the project's specifications and testing procedures.

๐Ÿ”น 4. Density or Unit Weight Test

Measures the mass per unit volume of fresh or hardened concrete, depending on the test method.

๐Ÿ”น 5. Air Content Test

Measures air content in fresh concrete when required, particularly for mixes where air entrainment is specified.

๐Ÿ“Œ Why Are These Tests Important?

โœ… Support quality control.

โœ… Help identify deviations from specified requirements.

โœ… Provide information for acceptance decisions.

โœ… Support documentation and traceability.

โš ๏ธ The correct test, sampling frequency, acceptance criteria, and specimen handling depend on the project specification and applicable standard.

@ETCONP
๐Ÿ‘3โค1
๐Ÿ“ŠProfessional Interim Payment Certificate (IPC) Excel Template

๐ŸŒŸแ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆฅแˆซ แŠญแแ‹ซแŠ• แ‰ แ‰€แˆ‹แˆ‰ แˆˆแˆ›แˆตแˆ‹แ‰ตแฃ แˆˆแˆ˜แŠจแ‰ณแ‰ฐแˆ แŠฅแŠ“ IPC แˆˆแˆ›แ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ€แ‰ต แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ• Editable Excel Template แ‹ญแŒ แ‰€แˆ™๐Ÿ‘‡

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โค2๐ŸŽ‰1
๐ŸŒฌ๏ธ๐Ÿ™๏ธ Wind Load Analysis of a 100-Storey Building | แ‹จ100 แ‹ˆแˆˆแˆ แˆ•แŠ•แƒ แ‹จแАแ‹แˆต แŒซแŠ“ แ‰ตแŠ•แ‰ฐแŠ“

๐ŸŒช๏ธ A 100-storey building designed for a wind speed of 45 m/s experiences a lateral wind force of 32.24 MN, equivalent to approximately 3,287 tonnes-force pushing the structure sideways.

๐Ÿ“ The resulting overturning moment at the base reaches 8,597 MNยทm, demonstrating the immense forces structural engineers must consider when designing super-tall buildings.

แ‰ 45 m/s แ‹จแŠ•แ‹แˆต แแŒฅแАแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆ แˆจแ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ฐแАแ‹ฐแˆ 100 แ‹ˆแˆˆแˆ แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹ แˆ•แŠ•แƒ 32.24 MN แ‹จแŒŽแŠ• แŠƒแ‹ญแˆ แ‹ญแŒ‹แˆˆแŒฃแˆแข

แ‹ญแˆ…แˆ แ‰ แŒแˆแ‰ต 3,287 แ‰ถแŠ•-แŠƒแ‹ญแˆ แˆ•แŠ•แƒแ‹แŠ• แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แŒŽแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแŒˆแ‹ แ‹ซแˆ…แˆ แАแ‹แข

โš ๏ธแ‰ แˆ•แŠ•แƒแ‹ แˆ˜แˆ แˆจแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแˆแŒ แˆจแ‹ แ‹จแˆ˜แŒˆแˆแ‰ แŒฅ แˆžแˆ˜แŠ•แ‰ต 8,597 MNยทm แ‹ญแ‹ฐแˆญแˆณแˆแข

แ‹ญแˆ…แˆ แ‰ แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แˆ•แŠ•แƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹ฒแ‹›แ‹ญแŠ• แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ต แ‹จแˆ˜แ‹‹แ‰…แˆญ แˆ˜แˆแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆถแ‰ฝ แˆแŠ• แ‹ซแˆ…แˆ แŠจแ‰ฃแ‹ต แ‹จแŠƒแ‹ญแˆ แ‰ฐแŒฝแ‹•แŠ–แ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แŒแˆแ‰ต แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แˆ›แˆตแŒˆแ‰ฃแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแˆˆแ‰ฃแ‰ธแ‹ แ‹ซแˆณแ‹ซแˆ::

โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ€‹โ€‹
๐ŸŒแˆˆแ‰ฐแŒจแˆ›แˆช แˆ˜แˆจแŒƒ แŠฅแŠ“ แˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แ‹˜แˆญแ แ‹œแŠ“แ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹จ YouTube แŒˆแƒแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠจแ‰ณแ‰ฝ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‹ แˆŠแŠ•แŠญ แ‰ แˆ˜แŒแ‰ฃแ‰ต SubScribe แŠ แˆญแŒˆแ‹ แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฅ แ‹ญแˆแŠ‘๐Ÿ‘‡

https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG
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โค2๐Ÿ‘2
๐Ÿ‘‰Complete Guide to Reading Building Drawings

๐Ÿ“แˆ˜แ…แˆƒแ‰ แ‹จแˆ…แŠ•แƒแŠ• แ‹ตแˆฎแ‹ŠแŠ•แŒ แ‰ แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฃแˆญ แˆˆแˆ˜แˆจแ‹ณแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แˆตแˆˆ แŒ แ‰…แˆ‹แˆ‹ แŠ แˆญแŠญแ‰ดแŠญแ‰ธแˆญ แˆณแ‹ญแАแˆต แ‹จแˆšแ‹ณแˆตแˆต แˆแˆญแŒฅ แˆ˜แ…แˆแ แŠจแ‰ณแ‰ฝ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‹ แˆŠแŠ•แŠญ แ‹ซแ‹แˆฉแ‹ฑแ‰ต๐Ÿ‘‡

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โค2๐Ÿ‘1
๐Ÿ—๏ธSlump Test (แ‹จแˆตแˆˆแˆแ• แˆ™แŠจแˆซ)

๐Ÿ›แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แŠญแˆชแ‰ต แŒฅแˆซแ‰ตแŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰†แŒฃแŒ แˆญ แ‹จแˆšแˆจแ‹ณ แŠ แˆตแˆแˆ‹แŒŠ แˆแˆญแˆ˜แˆซ!

๐Ÿšฅแ‰ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆณแ‹ญแ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠฎแŠ•แŠญแˆชแ‰ต แŠจแˆ˜แแˆฐแˆฑ แ‰ แŠแ‰ต แŠจแˆšแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ‰ แŠ แˆตแˆแˆ‹แŒŠ แˆแˆญแˆ˜แˆซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ฑ Slump Test แАแ‹แข

๐ŸŒŸแŒแŠ• แ‹ญแˆ… แˆแ‰ฐแŠ“ แˆˆแˆแŠ• แ‹ญแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ‹แˆ?

๐Ÿ”น Slump Test แˆแŠ•แ‹ตแŠ• แАแ‹?

แ‰ แ‰€แˆ‹แˆ‰ แˆฒแ‰ณแ‹ญแฃ แŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰€แˆ‹แ‰€แˆˆ แŠฎแŠ•แŠญแˆชแ‰ต แˆˆแˆ˜แ‹˜แˆญแŒ‹แ‰ตแฃ แˆˆแˆ›แแˆฐแˆตแŠ“ แ‰ แ‰ฆแ‰ณแ‹ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ แ‰ตแŠญแŠญแˆ แˆˆแˆ›แˆตแ‰€แˆ˜แŒฅ แˆแŠ• แ‹ซแˆ…แˆ แˆแ‰น แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆ†แА (Workability) แˆˆแˆ˜แˆแ‰ฐแˆฝ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแŒˆแˆˆแŒแˆ แ‹˜แ‹ด แАแ‹แข

๐Ÿ”น แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ดแ‰ต แ‹ญแŠจแŠ“แ‹ˆแŠ“แˆ?

แˆ˜แŒ€แˆ˜แˆชแ‹ซ แŠฎแŠ•แŠญแˆชแ‰ฑแŠ• Slump Cone แ‰ แˆšแ‰ฃแˆˆแ‹ แ‹จแŠฎแŠ• แ‰…แˆญแŒฝ แˆ˜แˆฃแˆชแ‹ซ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‰ แˆถแˆตแ‰ต แŠ•แ‰ฅแˆญแ‰ฅแˆฎแ‰ฝ แŠฅแŠ•แˆžแˆ‹แˆˆแŠ•แข แŠฅแ‹ซแŠ•แ‹ณแŠ•แ‹ฑแŠ• แŠ•แ‰ฅแˆญแ‰ฅแˆญ แ‰ แ‰ฐแŒˆแ‰ขแ‹ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒˆแ‹ต แŠจแŒ แˆ˜แ‰…แŠ• แ‰ แŠ‹แˆ‹ แŠฎแŠ‘แŠ• แ‰€แˆต แ‰ฅแˆˆแŠ• แŠฅแŠ“แАแˆณแˆˆแŠ•แข

แŠจแ‹šแ‹ซแˆ แŠฎแŠ•แŠญแˆชแ‰ฑ แˆแŠ• แ‹ซแˆ…แˆ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐ แ‰ณแ‰ฝ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแ‰ฐแ‰€แˆ˜แŒ  แ‰ แˆ˜แˆˆแŠซแ‰ต แ‹จSlump แˆ˜แŒ แŠ‘แŠ• แŠฅแŠ“แ‹แ‰ƒแˆˆแŠ•แข

๐Ÿ”น แˆˆแˆแŠ• แŠ แˆตแˆแˆ‹แŒŠ แАแ‹?

- แŠฎแŠ•แŠญแˆชแ‰ฑ แˆˆแˆšแˆฐแˆซแ‹ แˆตแˆซ แ‰ฐแˆตแˆ›แˆš แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘แŠ• แˆˆแˆ›แ‹ˆแ‰…แข
- แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แŠญแˆชแ‰ฑแŠ• แ‹แˆ…แ‹ฐแ‰ตแŠ“ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆฅแˆซแ‰ต แ‰€แˆ‹แˆแАแ‰ต แˆˆแˆ˜แŒˆแˆแŒˆแˆแข
- แ‰ แŠฎแŠ•แŠญแˆชแ‰ต แˆตแˆซ แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ต แ‹จแŒฅแˆซแ‰ต แ‰แŒฅแŒฅแˆญแŠ• แˆˆแˆ›แŒ แŠ“แŠจแˆญแข

โš ๏ธ แˆˆแˆ›แˆตแ‰ณแ‹ˆแˆตแฆ Slump Test แ‰ฅแ‰ปแ‹แŠ• แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แŠญแˆชแ‰ตแŠ• แŒฅแŠ•แŠซแˆฌ แŠ แ‹ญแ‹ˆแˆตแŠ•แˆ แˆตแˆˆแ‹šแˆ… แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แŠญแˆชแ‰ต แŒฅแŠ•แŠซแˆฌแŠ• แˆˆแˆ›แˆจแŒ‹แŒˆแŒฅ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ Compressive Strength Test แ‹ซแˆ‰ แ‰ฐแŒจแˆ›แˆช แˆแˆญแˆ˜แˆซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹ซแˆตแˆแˆแŒ‹แˆ‰แข

โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ”โ€‹โ€‹
๐ŸŒแˆˆแ‰ฐแŒจแˆ›แˆช แˆ˜แˆจแŒƒ แŠฅแŠ“ แˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แ‹˜แˆญแ แ‹œแŠ“แ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹จ YouTube แŒˆแƒแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠจแ‰ณแ‰ฝ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‹ แˆŠแŠ•แŠญ แ‰ แˆ˜แŒแ‰ฃแ‰ต SubScribe แŠ แˆญแŒˆแ‹ แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฅ แ‹ญแˆแŠ‘๐Ÿ‘‡

https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction7?si=ils307xXQQpIdCwG
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‎@etconp
๐Ÿ‘2โค1
๐Ÿ—๏ธ TYPES OF CONCRETE MIX

Concrete is made from cement, sand, coarse aggregate and water.

1. Main Components

- Cement โ€“ Binding material.
- Sand โ€“ Fine aggregate.
- Gravel โ€“ Coarse aggregate.
- Water โ€“ Activates cement hydration.

2. Three Common Mix Types

1. Lean Mix: 1:5:10 โ€“ Used for blinding, sub-bases and non-structural works.
2. Standard Mix: 1:2:4 โ€“ Used for slabs, beams, columns and foundations.
3. Rich Mix: 1:1.5:3 โ€“ Used for heavy structures and precast elements.

3. Important Considerations

- Use clean, well-graded materials.
- Maintain the correct water-cement ratio.
- Ensure proper mixing and compaction.
- Provide adequate curing.
- Follow approved concrete mix designs.

๐Ÿ“Œ Note: Mix ratios are approximate volume proportions. Actual strength depends on materials, water content, workmanship and mix design.

@etconp
๐Ÿ‘2
๐Ÿ—๏ธ LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN CONSTRUCTION

Labour productivity is the amount of construction work completed by a worker or team per day.

1. Daily Work Output

1. Brickwork โ€“ 1 mason: 1.25 mยณ/day.
2. Plastering โ€“ 1 mason: 10 mยฒ/day.
3. Tile Work โ€“ 1 mason + 1 helper: 8โ€“10 mยฒ/day.
4. Blockwork โ€“ 1 mason: 8 mยฒ/day.
5. Formwork โ€“ 1 carpenter + 1 helper: 8โ€“12 mยฒ/day.
6. Reinforcement โ€“ 1 skilled worker + 1 helper: 1โ€“1.5 tonnes/day.

2. Importance of Labour Productivity

- Labour cost estimation.
- Project scheduling.
- Manpower planning.
- Site performance monitoring.
- Improving construction efficiency.

๐Ÿ‘‰แˆˆ แŠณแŠ•แ‰ฒแ‰ฒ แˆฐแˆญแ‰จแ‹ญแŠ•แŒ แŠฅแŒ…แŒ แŒ แ‰ƒแˆš แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ญ Rate Analysis แˆตแ‰ตแˆฐแˆฉ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแŒแ‹›แ‰น แˆตแ‰ณแŠ•แ‹ณแˆญแ‹ถแ‰ฝ แ‹จแ‹ซแ‹˜ แˆ˜แ…แˆƒแ แ‹ญแˆแˆแŒ‹แˆ‰?

๐Ÿ”†แˆตแˆˆ labour แŠฅแŠ“ equipment UF(Utilization Factor) แŠจแ‹šแˆ… แ‰ แ‰ฐแŒจแˆ›แˆช แ‹จ labour,Equipment แŠฅแŠ“ machinery composition standard แ‹ˆแ‹ญ norms แŒจแˆแˆฎ Material consumption rate standard แ‹ซแŠซแ‰ฐแ‰ฐ แˆ˜แ…แˆ€แ แŠจแˆแˆˆแŒ‰ แŠจแ‰ณแ‰ฝ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‹ แˆŠแŠ•แŠญ แ‹ซแ‹แˆญแ‹ฑ๐Ÿ‘‡

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๐Ÿ‘2
๐Ÿ—๏ธ MULTI-STOREY CONCRETE FRAME CONSTRUCTION
A multi-storey concrete frame consists of columns, beams, slabs and foundations that support building loads and provide structural stability.
1. Main Components
Crane โ€“ Lifts construction materials.
Concrete Columns โ€“ Transfer vertical loads.
RC Beams โ€“ Support floor slabs.
Beam-Column Connections โ€“ Join structural members.
Floor Slabs โ€“ Provide floor surfaces.
Steel Bracing โ€“ Resists lateral forces.
Bolts and Plates โ€“ Secure connections.
Work Platform โ€“ Provides elevated access.
Base Plates โ€“ Connect columns to foundations.
Foundations โ€“ Transfer loads to the soil.
Anchor Bolts โ€“ Secure column bases.
2. Key Engineering Principles
Proper load transfer.
Structural stability.
Strong connections.
Foundation safety.
Construction quality control.
Worker safety.
๐Ÿ“Œ Note: Final design and construction must follow applicable structural codes and engineering specifications.


@etconp
โค2
๐Ÿ“˜CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS TESTING MANUAL

๐Ÿ—๏ธแ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แŒฅแˆฌ แ‹•แ‰ƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹จแŒฅแˆซแ‰ต แˆแˆญแˆ˜แˆซ (Material Testing) แ‰ แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฃแˆญ แˆ˜แˆ›แˆญ แ‹ญแˆแˆแŒ‹แˆ‰?

๐ŸŒŸแ‹ญแˆ… แˆ™แˆ‰ แ‹จแˆ™แ‹ซ แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆชแ‹ซ แ‹จแˆฒแˆšแŠ•แ‰ถแฃ แŠ แŒแˆชแŒŒแ‰ตแฃ แŠฎแŠ•แŠญแˆชแ‰ตแฃ แŒกแ‰ฅแฃ แ‰ฅแˆŽแŠญแฃ แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ตแฃ แŠ แˆแˆญแฃ แ“แ‹ญแˆ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹จแ‹แˆƒ แˆ˜แŠจแˆ‹แŠจแ‹ซ แ‰แˆณแ‰แˆถแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹จแˆแˆญแˆ˜แˆซ แ‹˜แ‹ดแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹ญแ‹Ÿแˆแข

โœ… แˆˆCivil แŠฅแŠ“ Material Engineers
โœ… แˆˆLaboratory Technicians
โœ… แˆˆQA/QC Engineers
โœ… แˆˆSite Engineers
โœ… แˆˆ COTEM แŠฅแŠ“ Civil Engineering Students

๐ŸŽฏ แ‹จแˆ™แ‹ซ แŠฅแ‹แ‰€แ‰ตแ‹ŽแŠ• แ‹ซแˆณแ‹ตแŒ‰แค แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แŒฅแˆซแ‰ตแŠ• แ‹ซแˆจแŒ‹แŒแŒก!

๐Ÿ“ฅแ‹ญแˆ… แˆแˆญแŒฅ แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆญแ‹ซ แˆ˜แ…แˆƒแ แŠจแ‰ณแ‰ฝ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‹ แˆŠแŠ•แŠญ แ‹ซแ‹แˆญแ‹ฑแ‰ต๐Ÿ‘‡

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๐Ÿฅฐ1๐Ÿ‘Œ1