I have shared with you a book on the structural analysis and design on Eurocode. It is a useful and clear resource for engineers and architects. I hope you find it helpful for your field.
title:understanding structures analysis EUROCODE 2,Derek Seward
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   @etconp
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👉10 Fun Facts about the Burj Khalifa

1⃣. The Burj Khalifa height is a staggering 828 meters (2716.5 feet) tall, soaring over Dubai. It's three times as tall as the Eiffel Tower and nearly twice as tall as the Empire State Building. Laid end to end, its pieces stretch over a quarter of the way around the world. It's cloud- piercing height is certainly one of the most impressive facts about Burj Khalifa.

2⃣. Aside from holding the world record for being the tallest building in the world, the Burj Khalifa holds six other world records. The Burj Khalifa is also the tallest freestanding structure in the world, has the highest number of stories in the world, has the highest occupied floor in the world, has the highest outdoor observation deck in the world, has the elevator with longest travel distance in the world, and has the tallest service elevator in the world.

3⃣. One of the most mind blowing Burj Khalifa facts is how much the materials weigh. To put things in  to perspective, the weight of the concrete is equivalent to that of five A380 aircraft.

4⃣. Burj Khalifa fun facts that you can truly applaud are its sustainability and reuse of resources. Every year 15 million gallons of water are collected sustainably. The water is used for irrigation to water the landscaping and plants, for the cooling system and to supply the Dubai Fountain.

5⃣. Some Burj Khalifa trivia about the elevators: the building has the longest single running elevator, which is 140 floors. The Burj Khalifa elevator speed is 10 meters per second, making the elevators among the fastest in the world. The Burj Khalifa elevator time to reach the observation deck on the 124th floor is only one minute.

6⃣. One of the lesser known and more interesting facts about Burj Khalifa is that the tip of the sphere of the Burj Khalifa can be seen from up to 95 kilometers away.

7⃣. Fairly known Burj Khalifa information is that at the peak of construction, 12,000 workers worked on the building per day.

8⃣. Of course, you can't leave out how the materials and man hours measure up when talking about interesting facts about the Burj Khalifa. It took more than 110,000 tons of concrete, 55,000 tons of steel rebar, and 22 million man-hours to complete the Burj Khalifa.

9⃣. Exactly how long did it take to build the Burj Khalifa? Excavation began in January 2004. Six years later, the Burj Khalifa finally opened in January 2010.

🔟. Another of the Burj Khalifa interesting facts is that it is designed to resemble the Hymenocallis flower. The central core emerges at the top and culminates in a sculpted spire.
🔰🔰🔰🔰🔰🔰🔰🔰🔰🔰🔰
That's a lot of facts about the world's tallest building.

@etconp

👉የኢትዮጵያ አየር መንገድ ግሩፕ ለአክሱም አውሮፕላን ማረፊያ መልሶ ግንባታ ከ200 ሚሊዮን ብር በላይ መመደቡን አስታወቀ

🚧በሰሜን ኢትዮጵያ ጦርነት ወቅት ከፍተኛ ጉዳት ለደረሰበት የአክሱም አውሮፕላን ማረፊያ መልሶ ግንባታ ከ200 ሚሊዮን ብር በላይ በጀት መመደቡን፣ የኢትዮጵያ አየር መንገድ ግሩፕ ዋና ሥራ አስፈጻሚ አቶ መስፍን ጣሰው ለሪፖርተር አስታውቀዋል።

🌟ወቅቱ ክረምት በመሆኑ በመጪው ዓመት መስከረምና ጥቅምት አካባቢ፣ የመልሶ ግንባታ ሥራውን ለማስጀመር መታቀዱን በመጥቀስ የኮንትራክተር መረጣ ሒደት መጀመሩን ዋና ሥራ አስፈጻሚው ገልጸዋል፡፡

@etconp

👉የመውጫ ፈተና ተፈታኝ ከሆኑ!
በቀሪ ጊዚያችሁ!

1. የመውጫ ፈተናው አስፈላጊ መሆኑን አምኖ መቀበል (ልምድ እንዳላችሁ አለመርሳት ወደ ኮሌጅ እና ዩኒቨርስቲ ለመግባት ተፈትናችሁ ያለፋችሁ ናችሁ (10ኛ እና 12ኛ ክፍል)፡፡

የመውጫ ፈተናውን በአይምሮ ደረጃ አምኖ አለመቀበል ጊዚያችሁን ይበላል፡፡

2. ለፈተና ይጠቅማል ብላችሁ ያሰባችሁበትን ክፍል ለይታችሁ መከለስ! ያላጣራችሁት ቦታ ካለ በደንብ ለፈተና በሚሆን መልኩ ማንበብ/መከለስ (በእያንዳንዱ የኮሌጅ ቆይታ ወቅት ለፈተና  አንብባችሁ ሊሆን ስለሚችል ምን አልባት ክለሳ ማድረግ ሊበቃ ይችላል)፡፡

3. ከፈተናው ሁኔታ (ፎርማት) ጋር ፈጥኖ ለመግባባት መሞከር (ኦን ላይን ከሆነ መልመድ፤ ፈተናው ስለሚዳስሰው ነጥብ ማወቅ፤ ልምምድ ማድረግ፤ ሞዴል ፈተናዎችን በትኩረት መስራት፤ የጥያቄዎቹን ይዘት ለማወቅ መሞከር፡፡

4. የሚዘጋጁ የናሙና ፈተናዎችን በትኩረት መፈተን እና በደንብ መለማመድ የቀደመ የህግ እና የጤና መውጫ ፈተና ይዘቶችን ጠይቆ ልምዶችን መውሰድ፤ ምን አልባት ኦን ላይን ያሉ ናሙናዎችን እንደ መለማመጃ መውሰድ፡፡

5. የጊዜ መርሃ ግብር ማውጣት፤ በአንዴ ብዙ ለመሸፈን መሞከር ትኩረት ስለሚያሳጣ ቀሪ ጊዚያችሁን በጥብቅ ፕሮግራም መምራት (ከማህበራዊ ሚዲያ መቀነስ፤ ከጨዋታ መቀነስ፤ ከእንቅልፍ መቀነስ (በቀሪው ጊዜ ተቸግራችሁ ከቁጭት መዳን ትችላላችሁ) እና ለዚህ ፈተና የመጨረሻ አቅማችሁን መጠቀም፡፡

6. በዚህ ወቅቱ በቡድን ማጥናት፤ ሙከራዎችን መስራት፤ ሊያስረዷችሁ የሚችሉ ሰዎችን መፍጠር ያስፈልጋል፤ በከበዳችሁ ክፍል ላይ ጊዜ በማጥፋት ወደ ተስፋ መቁረጥ ውስጥ እንዳትገቡ የሌሎችን እርዳታ ለመቀበል ክፍት መሆን አስፈላጊ ነው፡፡

7. ከወዲሁ እና በፈተና በሚሰጥባቸው ቀናት ሊፈጠሩ የሚችሉ ስህተቶችን ቀንሱ የኮምፒዊተር አጠቃቀም፤ የማርፈድ፤ ጥሩ ስሜት ያለመፈጠር፤ የድካም፤ የመጨናነቅ፤ ወዘተ፡፡

🌟አስታውሱ በአብዛኛው መለኪያ ፈተናውን ማለፍ በእናንተ ጥረት እና ዝግጅት ልክ ነው የሚወሰነው! ሳያጠኑ ለማለፍ መመኘትም ሆነ ሳያጠኑ ወድቆ ቅር መሰኘት አዋጪ Rational አይሆንም!

@etconp

🚧According to ASTM standard types of portland cement are

1⃣. Type 1 or normal portland cement

👉 general purpose cement
used where there would be no severe climate change
👉 used where there is no severe exposure to sulphate attack from water or soil

2⃣. Type 2 or moderate portland cement

👉 used in climate of moderate sulphate attack
👉 moderate heat of hydration

3⃣. Type 3 or high early strength pc

👉used where high early strength is desired,usually less than one weak
👉 when a structure must be put into service as quickly as possible
👉 less C2S and more C3S

4⃣. Type 4 or low heat of hydration pc

👉 develops strength at a slower rate than does type 1
👉 intended for mass structures such as large gravity dams

5⃣. Type 5 or sulfate resisting pc

👉 when high sulfate resistance is desired
👉 when concrete is to be exposed to severe sulfate action by soil or water
👉 contains less C3A

@etconp

ውድ የ ETCONP ቤተሰቦች ባለፈው የተመዘገባችሁ ቤተሰቦች ብዛት 127 ነው ከ 127 ቤተሰቦች 5ቱ ብቻ ናቸው personal information ያጠናቀቁት ነገር ግን አንዱም personal ability proof (ብቃት ማረጋገጫ) ማለትም ዲግሪ ሊሆን ይችላል፣ ሰርተፊኬት ሊሆን ይችላል ወይም ከ client ጋር የተፃፈ ደቡዳቤ ( በ ኢንጊልዘኛ ቋንቋ ብቻ) ያስገባ የለም! በተጨማሪም work display ላይ አንድም የሰራውን sample ያስቀመጠ የለም ይሄ ማለት ሱቃችሁ ባዶ ሆኖ ሱቅ ተብሎ ተለጥፎ ገዢ እንዲመጣ መጠበቅ ነው። የተጠየቃችሁን የሰራችሁትን ስራ ናሙና (sample) ነው። client በ ኦንላይን ስራ ሳምፕል ሳያይ እንዴት እናንተ ዘንድ ይመጣል??????? አስቡት ! ሌላው ችግር ደግሞ ኢሜል ያለመክተት ችግር እንዴት ነው ኢንተርናሽናል ስራ ኢሜል ሳይኖር ከስተመር/client/አሰሪ contact ምታረጉት ? አሁንም አስቡበት!

ለማንኛውም ይሄን ሁሉ ግርታ ለማጥራት አንድ መፍትሄ አበጅተናል ይሄም በ ዩቱብ ቻናላችን detail ለማሳየት 10 ደቂቃ ማይሞላ ቪዲዮ ሰርተን ልንለቅላችሁ አስበናል።

ይህ በ እንዲ እንዳለ ለመመስገብ ከታች ባለው ሊንክ በመግባት free register የሚለውን በመጫን ተመዝገቡ አደራ instruction በደንብ አንብቡ የመማር አንዱ ጥቅም የተሰጠንን መመሪያ አንቡቦ መረዳት ነው ሌላው ደግሞ personal information ጨርሳችሁ ሙሉ

- ኢሜል(email) አስገቡ
- ስልክ ቁጥራችሁን አስገቡ
- አድራሻችሁን (ሀገር፣ከተማ፣
ክፍለከተማ)
- independent designer ናችሁ(በግል
ነው) ወይስ hired in a company
(የቀጥራችሁ ነው ምትሰሩት)

ይሄን የሚያረጋግጥ የስራ ልምድ ወይም ከ ደንበኛ ጋር ያሰራችሁት ውል አለ ? የ ኢንጊልዘኛ የተፃፈ ?

ካለ ሊንኩ ይኸው:- https://m.buildmost.com/#/main_Promotion_page?code=U3WB0Y

👉አዋሽ ባንክ በአምቦ ከተማ አዲስ ህንፃ ሊገነባ ነው

🚧በአዲስ አበባ እና በተለያዩ የክልል ከተሞች የራሱን ህንፃ በመገንባት የሚታወቀው አዋሽ ባንክ በአምቦ ከተማ  ከምድር በታች ቤዝመንት ያለው ባለ ሰባት ወለል (G+7) አዲስ ዘመናዊ ህንፃ ለመገንባት መሳይ ኦሊ ህንጻ ተቋራጭ ድርጅት ጋር የውል ስምምነት ተፈራርሟል፡፡

🚧ለአምቦ ከተማ የመልካም ገፅታ ግንባታ ከፍተኛ አስተዋፅኦ እንደሚኖረው የሚታመነው አዲሱ የአዋሽ ባንክ አምቦ ቅርንጫፍ ህንፃ ግንባታም በፍጥነት እንደሚጀመርና በአጭር ጊዜ ውስጥ ተጠናቆ ለአገልግሎት እንደሚውል የባንኩ ዋና ሥራ አስፈፃሚ አቶ ፀሀይ ሽፈራው በፊርማ ሥነ ስነስርዓቱ ላይ ተናግረዋል፡፡

@etconp

👉ዘምዘም ባንክ ለዋና መስሪያ ቤት ሕንጻ ግንባታ የሚጠቀምበትን ቦታ ተረከበ!!

🌟በኢትዮጽያ ሙሉ በሙሉ ከወለድ ነጻ የባንክ አገልግሎት በመጀመር ፈር ቀዳጅ የሆነው ዘምዘም ባንክ፤ ለዋና መስሪያ ቤት ሕንጻ ግንባታ የሚውል 4,135.66 ካሬ ሜት ቦታ በሊዝ ልደታ ክፍለ ከተማ ሰንጋ ተራ አካባቢ መረከቡን አስታውቋል።

✨ህንፃው በ 2 ቢሊየን ብር ወጭ የሚሰራ ሲሆን አራት ምድር ቤቶች ያሉት G+30 ሆኖ እንሚገነባ መታቀዱም ተነግሯል።

🚧የሚገነባው ህንፃ በምስሉ ኣያይዘንላቹዋል።

@etconp

እንደምትመለከቱት ነው ሁሉም unsubmitted ነው ሚለው ….. እንዲህ አይነት ውዥንብሮችን ለማጥራት ቪዲዮ ያስፈልጋል ችግር የለውም እንሰራለን

እስከዛ ተመዝገቡ ከዚህ ሊንክ:- https://m.buildmost.com/#/main_Promotion_page?code=U3WB0Y

👉Grillage Foundation

🚧Grillage Foundation design is applied for heavy structural loads from columns, piers or beams are required to transfer bearing capacity of a soil comparatively poor.

🌟The grillage foundation helps in distributing the load over a wider area of the subsoil.

🌟This foundation helps in avoiding deep excavations as the necessary base area is provided for the load of the transmission.

📍The depth of foundation is limited from 1m to 1.5m

Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/etconp/

Telegram:- https://t.me/ETCONpWORK

YouTube:- https://youtube.com/@Etconp432

Admin @ETCONpADMIN

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We have provided you with AutoCAD blocks that can be utilized to save time and ensure consistency in your designs. These pre-defined block objects are easily modifiable.
@etconp

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እስቲ ስለ ፕሮጀክት ርእስ እና እንዴት እንደምንሰራ እንይ
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▶Project topic
▶Selection of guide
▶How to do it?

🚧HOW TO CHOOSE PROJECT TOPICS?

⏺This depends on

1. Personal interest
2. Availability of resources
3. Costing of projects
         1. Personal interest
🎓Interest in a topic decides
     your passion for work.
🎓Interest drives your project
     and related work.
🎓You will be eager to know
     more and more, if you are
     interested in a given topic at
     hand.
      2. Availability of resources
🎓If your projects demands use
     of some resources, which
     are not available to you and
     your college, you better
     switch over to other topic.
🎓If you and your college have
    better resources, use
    maximum of it, this
    will helps you accelerate the
    speed of project under taking.
       3. Costing of project
🎓Project cost is the main
     criteria which drives the
     complete project .
🎓Never undertake a project for
    which you and your college
    are financially incapable.
    Rather, switch to other
    topic in the same area.
🎓First make sure of costing
     factor before choosing
     costly project.
      ✔ SELECTION OF GUIDE
🔭Always approach relevant
      guide who is capable of
      guiding in the subject you
      have choosen.
🔭Have frequent and effective
     meeting  with guide.
🔭Meetings and discussion
     keeps you on track.
🔭Never choose a guide who is
    not really interested in your
    work.
🔭Do take advice from seniors
     about him / her.
       ✔ HOW TO DO ITS?
🎓First read about topic on
     library and Internet's.
🎓Get the necessary facts and
     information, which can be
     implemented.
🎓Start plan for the overall
     undertaking of the project.
🎓You should meet your project
     guide to get plan for
     execution.
🎓Have time span in mind.
🎓Read and research.
🎓Do the work as team.
🎓Divide the work between
     project partners.

@etconp

🏗Construction engineering softwares

✏️SAP 2000

The most popular structural analysis and design software used by civil engineers all over the world.

✏️AutoCAD

One of the most popular civil engineering software by autodesk. This is used for 2D and 3D design, drafting, modeling, architectural drawing etc

✏️Etabs

The integrated software package for the structural analysis and design of buildings, ETABS offers unmatched 3D object based modeling and visualization tools, blazingly fast linear and nonlinear analytical power, sophisticated and comprehensive design capabilities for a wide-range of materials, and insightful graphic displays, reports, and schematic drawings that allow users to quickly and easily decipher and understand analysis and design results.

✏️Revit

BIM software is specifically built for Building Information Modelling (BIM), including features for architectural design, MEP and structural engineering and construction.

✏️Autodesk civil

Builds on Autodesk Land Desktop with tools that automate civil engineering tasks and enhance collaboration on projects from transportation engineering to hydraulics, site development to hydrology

✏️Site 3D

Site3D is a fully featured software product for the engineering design of road systems and housing developments. Quickly and accurately design whole sites including roads, junctions, roundabouts, footways, surface interfacing, contours, volumes, drainage, housing and more.
These are some the software for design purpose.

👉YouTube:-
https://youtube.com/@Etconp432

👉Facebook:-
https://www.facebook.com/etconp/

👉Classification of Construction Materials

🚧Construction materials can be classified into:

I) Metallic and Non-metallic

a. Non-metallic
- Cementing materials
- Concrete
- Timber
- Stone
- Plastics
- Ceramics

b. Metallic
- Ferrous
• Wrought iron
• Cast iron
• Steel
- Non Ferrous
• Aluminium
• Copper
• Lead
• Zinc

II) Based on their physical Nature:
a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Gaseous

III) Based on their mode of manufacture
a) Naturally occurring materials
b) Industrially produced materials
c) Materials produced at construction site

▶️Properties of Materials

a) Physical properties
• Density and specific gravity
•Mechanical properties
• Thermal properties
• Acoustical properties
b) Chemical properties
• Corrosion Here only the mechanical properties are dealt with since they have a great practical significance in Civil Engineering.

▶️Mechanical Properties When forces are applied to a solid body, two results are produced:

1) Internal resisting forces
2) Deformation .
The internal forces and deformations are called stresses and strains respectively.

⏺Depending up on the arrangement and direction of the external forces, the stress produced may be:

a) Tensile stress
b) Compressive stress
c) Shearing stress
d) Bending stress
e) Torsional stress
f) Combinations of the above stresses Deformation:

a) Elastic if it recovers when the external force is released
b) Plastic if it fails to recover when the external force is released If a material is capable to carry its own weight and any applied load, it is assumed to be strong material.

This way is that the strength of the material is determined. When a material is said to be strong it is its strength in tension or compression that is usually referred to, but it is often necessary to know its strength in shear and torsion as well.

▶️Tests for Mechanical Properties Selection of material for a particular structural application depends on its mechanical properties.
There are standard mechanical tests to measure these properties. Mechanical tests are used to examine the performance of materials under the action of external force.
 
▶️Classification of Mechanical Tests

I) II) With reference to the direction of the external
forces
a) Tension test
b) Compression test
c) Shear test
d) Bending test
e) Torsion test
With reference to the rate and duration of the load application
a) Static Tests: these are made with gradually
increasing load, such as ordinary tests in tension,
compression etc.
b) Dynamic test: these are made with suddenly
applied loads, as by falling weight
c) Wear tests: these are made to determine
resistance to abrasion and impact, as in the case of
paving materials
d) Longtime tests: there are made with loads
applied to the object under test for a long period of
time. They are used for materials such as concrete.
e) Fatigue test: these are made with fluctuating
stresses repeated a large number of times
III) With reference to the effect of the test on the
specimen
a) Destructive tests: Under these test methods, the
specimens are either crushed or ruptured and made useless at the end of the tests
b) Non-destructive tests: These are usually used to
test the strength of members of existing structures without affecting their performance.

@etconp